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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
☒
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2023
OR
☐TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
Commission file number 001-34057
agnclogowhitespacinginv1a01.jpg
AGNC INVESTMENT CORP.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
_________________________________________________________
Delaware 26-1701984
(State or Other Jurisdiction of
Incorporation or Organization)		 (I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
7373 Wisconsin Avenue, 22nd Floor
Bethesda, Maryland 20814
(Address of principal executive offices)
(301) 968-9315
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
 _________________________________________________________
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of Each ClassTrading Symbol(s)Name of Exchange on Which Registered
Common Stock, par value $0.01 per shareAGNCThe Nasdaq Global Select Market
Depositary shares of 7.000% Series C Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred StockAGNCNThe Nasdaq Global Select Market
Depositary shares of 6.875% Series D Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred StockAGNCMThe Nasdaq Global Select Market
Depositary shares of 6.50% Series E Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred StockAGNCOThe Nasdaq Global Select Market
Depositary shares of 6.125% Series F Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred StockAGNCPThe Nasdaq Global Select Market
Depositary shares of 7.75% Series G Fixed-Rate Reset Cumulative
Redeemable Preferred Stock		AGNCLThe Nasdaq Global Select Market
Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x    No  ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).   Yes  x    No  ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company" and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer☒Accelerated filer☐
Non-accelerated filer☐Smaller Reporting Company
☐
Emerging growth company
☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ☐    No  x
The number of shares of the issuer's common stock, $0.01 par value, outstanding as of October 31, 2023 was 671,105,859.


AGNC INVESTMENT CORP.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
 

1

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
AGNC INVESTMENT CORP.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in millions, except per share data)
 September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
(Unaudited)
Assets:
Agency securities, at fair value (including pledged securities of $52,250 and $35,800, respectively)
$55,758 $39,346 
Agency securities transferred to consolidated variable interest entities, at fair value (pledged securities)120 144 
Credit risk transfer securities, at fair value (including pledged securities of $709 and $703, respectively)
736 757 
Non-Agency securities, at fair value, and other mortgage credit investments (including pledged securities of $253 and $605, respectively)
353 682 
U.S. Treasury securities, at fair value (including pledged securities of $246 and $353, respectively)
246 353 
Cash and cash equivalents493 1,018 
Restricted cash1,389 1,316 
Derivative assets, at fair value413 617 
Receivable for investment securities sold (including pledged securities of $273 and $119, respectively)
311 120 
Receivable under reverse repurchase agreements8,900 6,622 
Goodwill526 526 
Other assets746 247 
Total assets$69,991 $51,748 
Liabilities:
Repurchase agreements$52,107 $36,262 
Debt of consolidated variable interest entities, at fair value80 95 
Payable for investment securities purchased701 302 
Derivative liabilities, at fair value80 99 
Dividends payable109 100 
Obligation to return securities borrowed under reverse repurchase agreements, at fair value9,022 6,534 
Other liabilities442 486 
Total liabilities62,541 43,878 
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred Stock - aggregate liquidation preference of $1,688
1,634 1,634 
Common stock - $0.01 par value; 1,500 shares authorized; 648.0 and 574.6 shares issued and outstanding, respectively
6 6 
Additional paid-in capital14,901 14,186 
Retained deficit(8,283)(7,284)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)(808)(672)
Total stockholders' equity7,450 7,870 
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity$69,991 $51,748 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
2

AGNC INVESTMENT CORP.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(Unaudited)
(in millions, except per share data)
 
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
 2023202220232022
Interest income:
Interest income$593 $373 $1,401 $1,243 
Interest expense646 196 1,621 303 
Net interest income(53)177 (220)940 
Other gain (loss), net:
Loss on sale of investment securities, net(534)(560)(870)(1,848)
Unrealized loss on investment securities measured at fair value through net income, net(1,356)(1,738)(1,125)(5,257)
Gain on derivative instruments and other investments, net1,574 1,474 2,026 4,474 
Total other gain (loss), net:(316)(824)31 (2,631)
Expenses:
Compensation and benefits14 11 42 36 
Other operating expense9 8 26 24 
Total operating expense23 19 68 60 
Net loss(392)(666)(257)(1,751)
Dividends on preferred stock31 26 92 76 
Net income (loss) available (attributable) to common stockholders$(423)$(692)$(349)$(1,827)
Net loss$(392)$(666)$(257)$(1,751)
Unrealized loss on investment securities measured at fair value through other comprehensive loss, net(213)(372)(136)(1,108)
Comprehensive loss(605)(1,038)(393)(2,859)
Dividends on preferred stock
31 26 92 76 
Comprehensive loss attributable to common stockholders$(636)$(1,064)$(485)$(2,935)
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - basic
622.0 528.7 600.2 526.4 
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - diluted
622.0 528.7 600.2 526.4 
Net income (loss) per common share - basic$(0.68)$(1.31)$(0.58)$(3.47)
Net income (loss) per common share - diluted$(0.68)$(1.31)$(0.58)$(3.47)
Dividends declared per common share$0.36 $0.36 $1.08 $1.08 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
3

AGNC INVESTMENT CORP.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
(Unaudited)
(in millions)
Preferred StockCommon StockAdditional
Paid-in
Capital		Retained
Deficit		Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss) 		Total
SharesAmount
Balance, June 30, 2022$1,489 522.7 $5 $13,707 $(6,726)$(435)$8,040 
Net loss
— — — — (666)— (666)
Other comprehensive loss:
Unrealized loss on available-for-sale securities, net
— — — — — (372)(372)
Stock-based compensation, net— — — 4 — — 4 
Issuance of preferred stock, net of offering cost145 — — — — — 145 
Issuance of common stock— 28.6 1 288 — — 289 
Preferred dividends declared— — — — (26)— (26)
Common dividends declared— — — — (192)— (192)
Balance, September 30, 2022$1,634 551.3 $6 $13,999 $(7,610)$(807)$7,222 
Balance, June 30, 2023$1,634 603.3 $6 $14,466 $(7,633)$(595)$7,878 
Net loss
— — — — (392)— (392)
Other comprehensive loss:
Unrealized loss on available-for-sale securities, net
— — — — — (213)(213)
Stock-based compensation, net— — — 3 — — 3 
Issuance of common stock— 44.7 — 432 — — 432 
Preferred dividends declared— — — — (31)— (31)
Common dividends declared— — — — (227)— (227)
Balance, September 30, 2023$1,634 648.0 $6 $14,901 $(8,283)$(808)$7,450 
Balance, December 31, 2021$1,489 522.2 $5 $13,710 $(5,214)$301 $10,291 
Net loss— — — — (1,751)— (1,751)
Other comprehensive loss:
Unrealized loss on available-for-sale securities, net — — — — — (1,108)(1,108)
Stock-based compensation, net— 1.1 — 2 — — 2 
Issuance of preferred stock145 — — — — — 145 
Issuance of common stock— 32.7 1 338 — — 339 
Repurchase of common stock— (4.7)— (51)— — (51)
Preferred dividends declared— — — — (76)— (76)
Common dividends declared— — — — (569)— (569)
Balance, September 30, 2022$1,634 551.3 $6 $13,999 $(7,610)$(807)$7,222 
Balance, December 31, 2022$1,634 574.6 $6 $14,186 $(7,284)$(672)$7,870 
Net loss— — — — (257)— (257)
Other comprehensive loss:
Unrealized loss on available-for-sale securities, net — — — — — (136)(136)
Stock-based compensation, net— 0.9 — 6 — — 6 
Issuance of common stock— 72.5 — 709 — — 709 
Preferred dividends declared— — — — (92)— (92)
Common dividends declared— — — — (650)— (650)
Balance, September 30, 2023$1,634 648.0 $6 $14,901 $(8,283)$(808)$7,450 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
4

AGNC INVESTMENT CORP.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)
(in millions) 
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 20232022
Operating activities:
Net loss$(257)$(1,751)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:
Amortization of premiums and discounts on mortgage-backed securities, net185 (42)
Stock-based compensation, net6 2 
Loss on sale of investment securities, net870 1,848 
Unrealized loss on investment securities measured at fair value through net income, net1,125 5,257 
Gain on derivative instruments and other securities, net(2,026)(4,474)
Increase in other assets(75)(59)
Increase in other liabilities85 138 
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities(87)919 
Investing activities:
Purchases of Agency mortgage-backed securities(27,386)(20,847)
Purchases of credit risk transfer and non-Agency securities and other mortgage credit investments(299)(1,132)
Proceeds from sale of Agency mortgage-backed securities5,675 18,100 
Proceeds from sale of credit risk transfer and non-Agency securities650 841 
Principal collections on Agency mortgage-backed securities3,158 5,514 
Principal collections on credit risk transfer and non-Agency securities56 186 
Payments on U.S. Treasury securities(24,576)(17,946)
Proceeds from U.S. Treasury securities26,973 16,584 
Net proceeds from (payments on) reverse repurchase agreements(1,938)2,966 
Net proceeds from derivative instruments1,515 3,754 
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities(16,172)8,020 
Financing activities:
Proceeds from repurchase arrangements2,590,724 1,749,235 
Payments on repurchase agreements(2,574,879)(1,756,310)
Payments on debt of consolidated variable interest entities(14)(19)
Net proceeds from preferred stock issuances— 145 
Net proceeds from common stock issuances709 339 
Payments for common stock repurchases— (51)
Cash dividends paid(733)(641)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities15,807 (7,302)
Net change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash(452)1,637 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period2,334 1,525 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period$1,882 $3,162 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
5

AGNC INVESTMENT CORP.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
Note 1. Organization
AGNC Investment Corp. (referred throughout this report as the "Company," "we," "us" and "our") was organized in Delaware on January 7, 2008 and commenced operations on May 20, 2008 following the completion of our initial public offering. Our common stock is traded on The Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol "AGNC."
We are a leading provider of private capital to the U.S. housing market, enhancing liquidity in the residential real estate mortgage markets and, in turn, facilitating home ownership in the U.S. We invest primarily in Agency residential mortgage-backed securities ("Agency RMBS") for which the principal and interest payments are guaranteed by a U.S. Government-sponsored enterprise ("GSE") or a U.S. Government agency. We also invest in other types of mortgage and mortgage-related securities, such as credit risk transfer ("CRT") securities and non-Agency residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities ("non-Agency RMBS" and "CMBS," respectively), where repayment of principal and interest is not guaranteed by a GSE or U.S. Government agency, and other assets related to the housing, mortgage or real estate markets. We fund our investments primarily through collateralized borrowings structured as repurchase agreements.
We operate to qualify to be taxed as a real estate investment trust ("REIT") under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Internal Revenue Code"). As a REIT, we are required to distribute annually 90% of our taxable income, and we will generally not be subject to U.S. federal or state corporate income tax to the extent that we distribute our annual taxable income to our stockholders on a timely basis. It is our intention to distribute 100% of our taxable income within the time limits prescribed by the Internal Revenue Code, which may extend into the subsequent tax year.
We are internally managed with the principal objective of providing our stockholders with favorable long-term returns on a risk-adjusted basis through attractive monthly dividends. We generate income from the interest earned on our investments, net of associated borrowing and hedging costs, and net realized gains and losses on our investment and hedging activities.

Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
Our accompanying consolidated financial statements and related notes have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") for interim financial information and pursuant to the requirements for reporting on Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. The accompanying consolidated financial statements and related notes are unaudited and include the accounts of all our wholly-owned subsidiaries and variable interest entities for which we are the primary beneficiary. Significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. The accompanying consolidated financial statements and related notes should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements included in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.
The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of income and expenses during the reporting period. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting solely of normal recurring accruals, necessary for the fair presentation of consolidated financial statements for the interim period have been included. The current period’s results of operations are not necessarily indicative of results that ultimately may be achieved for the year. 
Investment Securities
Agency RMBS consist of residential mortgage pass-through securities and collateralized mortgage obligations ("CMOs") guaranteed by the Federal National Mortgage Association ("Fannie Mae"), Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation ("Freddie Mac," and together with Fannie Mae, the "GSEs") or the Government National Mortgage Association ("Ginnie Mae").
CRT securities are risk sharing instruments issued by the GSEs, and similarly structured transactions issued by third-party market participants, that synthetically transfer a portion of the risk associated with credit losses within pools of conventional residential mortgage loans from the GSEs and/or third parties to private investors. Unlike Agency RMBS, full repayment of the original principal balance of CRT securities is not guaranteed by a GSE or U.S. Government agency; rather, "credit risk transfer" is achieved by writing down the outstanding principal balance of the CRT securities if credit losses on a related pool of loans exceed certain thresholds. By reducing the amount that they are obligated to repay to holders of CRT securities, the GSEs and/or other third parties offset credit losses on the related loans.
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Non-Agency RMBS and CMBS (together, "Non-Agency MBS") are backed by residential and commercial mortgage loans, respectively, packaged and securitized by a private institution, such as a commercial bank. Non-Agency MBS typically benefit from credit enhancements derived from structural elements, such as subordination, over-collateralization or insurance, but nonetheless carry a higher level of credit exposure than Agency RMBS.
All of our securities are reported at fair value on our consolidated balance sheet. Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 320, Investments—Debt and Equity Securities, requires that at the time of purchase, we designate a security as held-to-maturity, available-for-sale or trading, depending on our ability and intent to hold such security to maturity. Alternatively, we may elect the fair value option of accounting for securities pursuant to ASC Topic 825, Financial Instruments. Prior to fiscal year 2017, we primarily designated our investment securities as available-for-sale. On January 1, 2017, we began electing the fair value option of accounting for all investment securities newly acquired after such date. Unrealized gains and losses on securities classified as available-for-sale are reported in accumulated other comprehensive income ("OCI"), whereas unrealized gains and losses on securities for which we elected the fair value option, or are classified as trading, are reported in net income through other gain (loss). Upon the sale of a security designated as available-for-sale, we determine the cost of the security and the amount of unrealized gain or loss to reclassify out of accumulated OCI into earnings based on the specific identification method. In our view, the election of the fair value option simplifies the accounting for investment securities and more appropriately reflects the results of our operations for a reporting period by presenting the fair value changes for these assets in a manner consistent with the presentation and timing of the fair value changes for our derivative instruments.
We generally recognize gains or losses through net income on available-for-sale securities only if the security is sold; however, if the fair value of a security declines below its amortized cost and we determine that it is more likely than not that we will incur a realized loss on the security when we sell the asset, we will recognize the difference between the amortized cost and the fair value in net income as a component of other gain (loss). Since all of our available-for-sale designated securities consist of Agency RMBS, we do not have an allowance for credit losses. We have not recognized impairment losses on our available-for-sale securities through net income for the periods presented in our consolidated financial statements.
Interest Income
Interest income is accrued based on the outstanding principal amount of the investment securities and their contractual terms. Premiums or discounts associated with the purchase of Agency RMBS and non-Agency MBS of high credit quality are amortized or accreted into interest income, respectively, over the projected lives of the securities, including contractual payments and estimated prepayments, using the effective interest method in accordance with ASC Subtopic 310-20, Receivables—Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs.
We estimate long-term prepayment speeds of our mortgage securities using a third-party service and market data. The third-party service provider estimates prepayment speeds using models that incorporate the forward yield curve, primary to secondary mortgage rate spreads, current mortgage rates, mortgage rates of the outstanding loans, age and size of the outstanding loans, loan-to-value ratios, interest rate volatility and other factors. We review the prepayment speeds estimated by the third-party service for reasonableness with consideration given to both historical prepayment speeds and current market conditions. If based on our assessment, we believe that the third-party model does not fully reflect our expectations of the current prepayment landscape we may make adjustments to the models. We review our actual and anticipated prepayment experience on at least a quarterly basis and effective yields are recalculated when differences arise between (i) our previous estimate of future prepayments and (ii) actual prepayments to date and our current estimate of future prepayments. We are required to record an adjustment in the current period to premium amortization / discount accretion for the cumulative effect of the difference in the effective yields as if the recalculated yield had been in place as of the security's acquisition date through the reporting date.
At the time we purchase CRT securities and non-Agency MBS that are not of high credit quality, we determine an effective yield based on our estimate of the timing and amount of future cash flows and our cost basis. Our initial cash flow estimates for these investments are based on our observations of current information and events and include assumptions related to interest rates, prepayment rates, collateral call provisions, and the impact of default and severity rates on the timing and amount of credit losses. On at least a quarterly basis, we review the estimated cash flows and make appropriate adjustments based on inputs and analysis received from external sources, internal models, and our judgment regarding such inputs and other factors. Any resulting changes in effective yield are recognized prospectively based on the current amortized cost of the investment adjusted for credit impairments, if any.
Repurchase Agreements 
We finance the acquisition of securities for our investment portfolio primarily through repurchase agreements with our lending counterparties. Repurchase arrangements involve the sale and a simultaneous agreement to repurchase the securities at a
7

future date. We maintain a beneficial interest in the specific securities pledged during the term of each repurchase arrangement and we receive the related principal and interest payments. Pursuant to ASC Topic 860, Transfers and Servicing, we account for repurchase agreements as collateralized financing transactions, which are carried at their contractual amounts (cost), plus accrued interest. Our repurchase agreements typically have maturities of less than one year.
Reverse Repurchase Agreements and Obligation to Return Securities Borrowed under Reverse Repurchase Agreements
We borrow securities to cover short sales of U.S. Treasury securities through reverse repurchase transactions under our master repurchase agreements (see Derivative Instruments below). We account for these as securities borrowing transactions and recognize an obligation to return the borrowed securities at fair value on the balance sheet based on the value of the underlying borrowed securities as of the reporting date. We may also enter into reverse repurchase agreements to earn a yield on excess cash balances. The securities received as collateral in connection with our reverse repurchase agreements mitigate our credit risk exposure to counterparties. Our reverse repurchase agreements typically have maturities of 30 days or less.
Derivative Instruments
We use a variety of derivative instruments to hedge a portion of our exposure to market risks, including interest rate, prepayment, extension and liquidity risks. The objective of our risk management strategy is to reduce fluctuations in net book value over a range of interest rate scenarios. In particular, we attempt to mitigate the risk of the cost of our variable rate liabilities increasing during a period of rising interest rates. The primary instruments that we use are interest rate swaps, options to enter into interest rate swaps ("swaptions"), U.S. Treasury securities and U.S. Treasury futures contracts. We also use forward contracts in the Agency RMBS "to-be-announced" market, or TBA securities, to invest in and finance Agency securities and to periodically reduce our exposure to Agency RMBS.
We account for derivative instruments in accordance with ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging ("ASC 815"). ASC 815 requires an entity to recognize all derivatives as either assets or liabilities in our accompanying consolidated balance sheets and to measure those instruments at fair value. None of our derivative instruments have been designated as hedging instruments for accounting purposes under the provisions of ASC 815, consequently changes in the fair value of our derivative instruments are reported in gain (loss) on derivative instruments and other securities, net in our consolidated statements of comprehensive income.
Our derivative agreements generally contain provisions that allow for netting or setting off derivative assets and liabilities with the counterparty; however, we report related assets and liabilities on a gross basis in our consolidated balance sheets. Derivative instruments in a gain position are reported as derivative assets at fair value and derivative instruments in a loss position are reported as derivative liabilities at fair value in our consolidated balance sheets. Changes in fair value of derivative instruments and periodic settlements related to our derivative instruments are recorded in gain (loss) on derivative instruments and other securities, net in our consolidated statements of comprehensive income. Cash receipts and payments related to derivative instruments are classified in our consolidated statements of cash flows according to the underlying nature or purpose of the derivative transaction, generally in the investing section.
Interest rate swap agreements
We use interest rate swaps to economically hedge the variable cash flows associated with our borrowings made under repurchase agreements. Under our interest rate swap agreements, we typically pay a fixed rate and receive a floating rate ("payer swaps") based on a short-term benchmark rate, such as the Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") and Overnight Index Swap Rate ("OIS"). Our interest rate swaps typically have terms from one to 10 years. Our interest rate swaps are centrally cleared through a registered commodities exchange. The clearing exchange requires that we post an "initial margin" amount determined by the exchange. The initial margin amount is intended to be set at a level sufficient to protect the exchange from the interest rate swap's maximum estimated single-day price movement and is subject to adjustment based on changes in market volatility and other factors. We also exchange daily settlements of "variation margin" based upon changes in fair value, as measured by the exchange. Pursuant to rules governing central clearing activities, we recognize variation margin settlements as a direct reduction of the carrying value of the interest rate swap asset or liability.
Interest rate swaptions
We purchase interest rate swaptions to help mitigate the potential impact of larger, more rapid changes in interest rates on the performance of our investment portfolio. Interest rate swaptions provide us the option to enter into an interest rate swap agreement for a predetermined notional amount, stated term and pay and receive interest rates in the future. Our interest rate swaption agreements are not subject to central clearing. The difference between the premium paid and the fair value of the swaption is reported in gain (loss) on derivative instruments and other securities, net in our consolidated statements of comprehensive income. If a swaption expires unexercised, the realized loss on the swaption would be equal to the premium
8

paid. If we sell or exercise a swaption, the realized gain or loss on the swaption would be equal to the difference between the cash or the fair value of the underlying interest rate swap and the premium paid.
TBA securities
A TBA security is a forward contract for the purchase or sale of Agency RMBS at a predetermined price, face amount, issuer, coupon and stated maturity on an agreed-upon future date. The specific Agency RMBS to be delivered into the contract are not known until shortly before the settlement date. We may choose, prior to settlement, to move the settlement of these securities out to a later date by entering into an offsetting TBA position, net settling the offsetting positions for cash, and simultaneously purchasing or selling a similar TBA contract for a later settlement date (together referred to as a "dollar roll transaction"). The Agency securities purchased or sold for a forward settlement date are typically priced at a discount to equivalent securities settling in the current month. This difference, or "price drop," is the economic equivalent of interest income on the underlying Agency securities, less an implied funding cost, over the forward settlement period (referred to as "dollar roll income"). Consequently, forward purchases of Agency securities and dollar roll transactions represent a form of off-balance sheet financing.
We account for TBA contracts as derivative instruments since either the TBA contracts do not settle in the shortest period of time possible or we cannot assert that it is probable at inception and throughout the term of the TBA contract that we will physically settle the contract on the settlement date. We account for TBA dollar roll transactions as a series of derivative transactions.
U.S. Treasury securities and US Treasury futures contracts
We use U.S. Treasury securities and U.S. Treasury futures contracts to mitigate the potential impact of changes in interest rates on the performance of our portfolio. We enter into short-sales of U.S. Treasury securities by borrowing the securities under reverse repurchase agreements and selling them into the market. We account for these as securities borrowing transactions and recognize an obligation to return the borrowed securities at fair value on our accompanying consolidated balance sheets based on the value of the underlying U.S. Treasury security as of the reporting date. Treasury futures contracts are standardized contracts that obligate us to sell or buy U.S. Treasury securities for future delivery. Gains and losses associated with U.S. Treasury securities and U.S. Treasury futures contracts are recognized in gain (loss) on derivative instruments and other securities, net in our consolidated statements of comprehensive income.
Fair Value Measurements
We determine the fair value of financial instruments based on our estimate of the price that would be received to sell the asset or paid to transfer the liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. We utilize a three-level valuation hierarchy for disclosure of fair value measurements based upon the transparency of inputs to the valuation of the instrument as of the measurement date. We categorize a financial instrument within the hierarchy based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.
The three levels of valuation hierarchy are defined as follows:
•Level 1 Inputs —Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical unrestricted assets and liabilities in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date.
•Level 2 Inputs —Quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations whose inputs are observable or whose significant value drivers are observable.
•Level 3 Inputs —Instruments with primarily unobservable market data that cannot be corroborated.
The majority of our financial instruments are classified as Level 2 inputs. The availability of observable inputs can be affected by a wide variety of factors, including the type of instrument, whether the instrument is new and not yet established in the marketplace and other characteristics particular to the instrument. We typically obtain price estimates from multiple third-party pricing sources, such as pricing services and dealers, or, if applicable, from the registered clearing exchange. We make inquiries of third-party pricing sources to understand the significant inputs and assumptions they used to determine their prices and that they are derived from orderly transactions, particularly during periods of elevated market turbulence and reduced market liquidity. We also review third-party price estimates and perform procedures to validate their reasonableness, including an analysis of the range of estimates for each position, comparison to recent trade activity for similar securities and for consistency with market conditions observed as of the measurement date. While we do not adjust prices we obtain from pricing sources, we will exclude prices for securities from our estimation of fair value if we determine based on our validation procedures and our market knowledge and expertise that the price is significantly different from what observable market data
9

would indicate and we cannot obtain an understanding from the third-party source as to the significant inputs used to determine the price.
The following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis classified as Level 2 inputs. These instruments trade in active markets such that participants transact with sufficient frequency and volume to provide transparent pricing information on an ongoing basis. The liquidity of these markets and the similarity of our instruments to those actively traded enable our pricing sources and us to utilize the observed quoted prices as a basis for formulating fair value measurements.
Investment securities - are valued based on prices obtained from multiple third-party pricing sources. The pricing sources utilize various valuation approaches, including market and income approaches. For Agency RMBS, the pricing sources primarily utilize a matrix pricing technique that interpolates the estimated fair value based on observed quoted prices for forward contracts in the Agency RMBS "to-be-announced" market ("TBA securities") of the same coupon, maturity and issuer, adjusted to reflect the specific characteristics of the pool of mortgages underlying the Agency security, such as maximum loan balance, loan vintage, loan-to-value ratio, geography and other characteristics as may be appropriate. For other investment securities, the pricing sources primarily utilize discounted cash flow model-derived pricing techniques to estimate the fair value. Such models incorporate market-based discount rate assumptions based on observable inputs such as recent trading activity, credit data, volatility statistics, benchmark interest rate curves, spread measurements to benchmark curves and other market data that are current as of the measurement date and may include certain unobservable inputs, such as assumptions of future levels of prepayment, defaults and loss severities.
TBA securities - are valued using prices obtained from third-party pricing sources based on pricing models that reference recent trading activity.
Interest rate swaps - are valued using the daily settlement price, or fair value, determined by the clearing exchange based on a pricing model that references observable market inputs, including current benchmark rates and the forward yield curve.
Interest rate swaptions - are valued using prices obtained from the counterparty and other third-party pricing models. The pricing models are based on the value of the future interest rate swap that we have the option to enter into as well as the remaining length of time that we have to exercise the option based on observable market inputs, adjusted for non-performance risk, if any.
U.S. Treasury securities and futures are valued based on quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets and are classified as Level 1 assets. None of our financial instruments are classified as Level 3 inputs.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
We consider the applicability and impact of all ASUs issued by the FASB. There are no unadopted ASUs that are expected to have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements when adopted or other recently adopted ASUs that had a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements upon adoption.

Note 3. Investment Securities
As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, our investment portfolio consisted of $56.9 billion and $40.9 billion investment securities, at fair value, respectively, $2.4 billion and $18.6 billion net TBA securities, at fair value, respectively, and other mortgage credit investments of $45 million and $25 million, respectively, which we account for under the equity method of accounting. Our TBA position is reported at its net carrying value totaling $(31) million and $167 million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, in derivative assets / (liabilities) on our accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The net carrying value of our TBA position represents the difference between the fair value of the underlying security and the cost basis or the forward price to be paid or received for the underlying security.
As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, our investment securities had a net unamortized premium balance of $1.1 billion and $1.5 billion, respectively.
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The following tables summarize our investment securities as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, excluding TBA securities and other mortgage credit investments (dollars in millions). Details of our TBA securities are included in Note 5.
 September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Investment SecuritiesAmortized
Cost		Fair ValueAmortized
Cost		Fair Value
Agency RMBS:
Fixed rate$60,601 $55,408 $43,046 $39,169 
Adjustable rate298 288 126 122 
CMO133 123 136 129 
Interest-only and principal-only strips70 59 77 70 
Total Agency RMBS61,102 55,878 43,385 39,490 
Non-Agency RMBS 1
54 40 111 90 
CMBS298 268 605 567 
CRT securities702 736 779 757 
Total investment securities$62,156 $56,922 $44,880 $40,904 
 September 30, 2023
Agency RMBS
Non-Agency 1
Investment SecuritiesFannie MaeFreddie MacGinnie
Mae		RMBSCMBSCRTTotal
Available-for-sale securities:
Par value
$4,066 $1,224 $1 $— $— $— $5,291 
Unamortized discount
(1)— — — — — (1)
Unamortized premium
223 71 — — — — 294 
Amortized cost
4,288 1,295 1 — — — 5,584 
Gross unrealized gains
— — — — — — — 
Gross unrealized losses
(616)(192)— — — — (808)
Total available-for-sale securities, at fair value3,672 1,103 1 — — — 4,776 
Securities remeasured at fair value through earnings:
Par value
34,333 20,318 33 56 304 699 55,743 
Unamortized discount
(212)(100)(1)(3)(7)(9)(332)
Unamortized premium
769 378 — 1 1 12 1,161 
Amortized cost
34,890 20,596 32 54 298 702 56,572 
Gross unrealized gains
1 1 — — 2 35 39 
Gross unrealized losses
(2,900)(1,516)(2)(14)(32)(1)(4,465)
Total securities remeasured at fair value through earnings31,991 19,081 30 40 268 736 52,146 
Total securities, at fair value$35,663 $20,184 $31 $40 $268 $736 $56,922 
Weighted average coupon as of September 30, 2023
4.58 %4.77 %4.51 %4.87 %7.03 %10.28 %4.73 %
Weighted average yield as of September 30, 2023 2
4.20 %4.47 %4.83 %4.68 %7.12 %9.58 %4.37 %

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 December 31, 2022
Agency RMBS
Non-Agency 1
Investment SecuritiesFannie 
Mae		Freddie MacGinnie 
Mae		RMBSCMBSCRTTotal
Available-for-sale securities:
Par value
$4,696 $1,535 $1 $— $— $— $6,232 
Unamortized discount
(1)— — — — — (1)
Unamortized premium
275 93 — — — — 368 
Amortized cost4,970 1,628 1 — — — 6,599 
Gross unrealized gains
— — — — — — — 
Gross unrealized losses
(500)(172)— — — — (672)
Total available-for-sale securities, at fair value4,470 1,456 1 — — — 5,927 
Securities remeasured at fair value through earnings:
Par value24,231 11,444 2 112 609 773 37,171 
Unamortized discount(61)(37)— (4)(8)(6)(116)
Unamortized premium855 352 — 3 4 12 1,226 
Amortized cost25,025 11,759 2 111 605 779 38,281 
Gross unrealized gains13 8 — — — 8 29 
Gross unrealized losses(2,307)(937)— (21)(38)(30)(3,333)
Total securities remeasured at fair value through earnings22,731 10,830 2 90 567 757 34,977 
Total securities, at fair value$27,201 $12,286 $3 $90 $567 $757 $40,904 
Weighted average coupon as of December 31, 2022
3.79 %3.92 %4.66 %4.52 %6.06 %8.48 %3.94 %
Weighted average yield as of December 31, 2022 2
3.17 %3.41 %2.58 %4.34 %6.02 %7.93 %3.37 %
 ________________________________
1.Non-Agency amounts exclude other mortgage credit investments of $45 million and $25 million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
2.Incorporates a weighted average future constant prepayment rate assumption of 8.3% and 7.4% based on forward rates as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, our investments in CRT and non-Agency securities had the following credit ratings (in millions):
 September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
CRT and Non-Agency Security Credit Ratings 1
CRT
RMBS 2
CMBSCRT
RMBS 2
CMBS
AAA$— $— $9 $— $9 $184 
AA— 2 32 2 3 117 
A10 4 34 16 13 38 
BBB92 16 48 91 40 65 
BB236 7 78 299 13 91 
B31 2 49 72 2 58 
Not Rated367 9 18 277 10 14 
Total$736 $40 $268 $757 $90 $567 
 ________________________________
1.Represents the lowest of Standard and Poor's ("S&P"), Moody's, Fitch, DBRS, Kroll Bond Rating Agency ("KBRA") and Morningstar credit ratings, stated in terms of the S&P equivalent rating as of each date.
2.RMBS excludes other mortgage credit investments of $45 million and $25 million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
Our CRT securities reference the performance of loans underlying Agency RMBS issued by Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac, which were subject to their underwriting standards.
The actual maturities of our investment securities are generally shorter than their stated contractual maturities. The actual maturities of our Agency and high credit quality non-Agency RMBS are primarily affected by principal prepayments and to a lesser degree the contractual lives of the underlying mortgages and periodic contractual principal repayments. The actual maturities of our credit-oriented investments are primarily impacted by their contractual lives and default and loss recovery rates. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the weighted average expected constant prepayment rate ("CPR") over the remaining life of our Agency and high credit quality non-Agency RMBS investment portfolio was 8.3% and 7.4%, respectively. Our estimates can differ materially for different securities and thus our individual holdings have a wide range of projected CPRs. The following table summarizes our investments as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 according to their estimated weighted average life classification (dollars in millions):
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 September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Estimated Weighted Average Life of Investment Securities 1
Fair ValueAmortized
Cost		Weighted
Average
Coupon		Weighted
Average
Yield		Fair ValueAmortized
Cost		Weighted
Average
Coupon		Weighted
Average
Yield
≤ 3 years$451 $481 6.20%5.75%$512 $537 5.19%4.66%
> 3 years and ≤ 5 years1,710 1,835 4.97%4.16%2,643 2,824 4.57%3.79%
> 5 years and ≤10 years49,139 53,782 4.70%4.32%30,958 33,985 3.96%3.30%
> 10 years5,622 6,058 4.81%4.76%6,791 7,534 3.56%3.43%
Total
$56,922 $62,156 4.73%4.37%$40,904 $44,880 3.94%3.37%
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1.Table excludes other mortgage credit investments of $45 million and $25 million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
The following table presents the gross unrealized loss and fair values of securities classified as available-for-sale by length of time that such securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in millions):
 Unrealized Loss Position For
 Less than 12 Months12 Months or MoreTotal
Securities Classified as Available-for-SaleFair
Value		Unrealized
Loss
Fair Value		Unrealized
Loss		Fair
Value		Unrealized
Loss
September 30, 2023
$— $— $4,755 $(808)$4,755 $(808)
December 31, 2022
$5,846 $(665)$52 $(7)$5,898 $(672)
Gains and Losses on Sale of Investment Securities
The following table is a summary of our net gain (loss) from the sale of investment securities for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 by investment classification of accounting (in millions):

Three Months Ended September 30,
20232022
Investment Securities
Available-for-Sale
Securities 2
Fair Value Option SecuritiesTotal
Available-for-Sale
Securities 2
Fair Value Option SecuritiesTotal
Investment securities sold, at cost$— $(3,175)$(3,175)$3 $(5,901)$(5,898)
Proceeds from investment securities sold 1
— 2,641 2,641 (3)5,341 5,338 
Net gain (loss) on sale of investment securities$— $(534)$(534)$— $(560)$(560)