ASPEN INSURANCE HOLDINGS LTD [AHL-PE] Filings

20-F 1 ahl-20211231.htm 20-F ahl-20211231

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

____________________________________________________________

Form 20-F

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☐			REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR 12(g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934


☒			ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021


☐			TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934


☐			SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission file number 001-31909

ASPEN INSURANCE HOLDINGS LIMITED

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Bermuda

(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

141 Front Street, Hamilton, HM19, Bermuda

(Address of principal executive offices)

Mark Cloutier

Executive Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

141 Front Street, Hamilton, HM19, Bermuda Telephone: +1 441-295-8201, Email: mark.cloutier@aspen.co

(Name, Telephone, E-mail and/or Facsimile Number and Address of Company Contact Person)


Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of Each Class	Trading Symbol	Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
5.95% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Perpetual Non-Cumulative Preference Shares	AHL PRC	New York Stock Exchange
5.625% Perpetual Non-Cumulative Preference Shares	AHL PRD	New York Stock Exchange
Depositary Shares, each representing a 1/1000th interest in a share of 5.625% Perpetual Non-Cumulative Preference Shares	AHL PRE	New York Stock Exchange

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None.

Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act: None.

Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report: 60,395,839 ordinary shares.

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒

If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act: Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter periods that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.:

Large accelerated filer

☐

Accelerated filer

☐

Non-accelerated filer

☒

Smaller reporting company

☐

Emerging growth company

☐

If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:

U.S. GAAP

☒

International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board

☐

Other

☐

If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

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ASPEN INSURANCE HOLDINGS LIMITED

FORM 20-F

TABLE OF CONTENTS


		Page
Explanatory Note		2

PART I
Item 1.	Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisors	3
Item 2.	Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable	3
Item 3.	Key Information	3
Item 4.	Information on the Company	33
Item 4A.	Unresolved Staff Comments	60
Item 5.	Operating and Financial Review and Prospects	61
Item 6.	Directors, Senior Management and Employees	98
Item 7.	Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions	104
Item 8.	Financial Information	104
Item 9.	The Offer and Listing	105
Item 10.	Additional Information	105
Item 11.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	114
Item 12.	Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities	115

PART II
Item 13.	Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies	115
Item 14.	Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds	115
Item 15.	Controls and Procedures	115
Item 16A.	Audit Committee Financial Expert	117
Item 16B.	Code of Conduct	117
Item 16C.	Principal Accountant Fees and Services	118
Item 16D.	Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees	118
Item 16E.	Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers	118
Item 16F.	Change in Registrant’s Certifying Account	118
Item 16G.	Corporate Governance	118
Item 16H.	Mine Safety Disclosure	119

PART III
Item 17.	Financial Statements	119
Item 18.	Financial Statements	1
Item 19.	Exhibits	i

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EXPLANATORY NOTE

References in this Annual Report on Form 20-F (this “report”) to the “Company,” the “Aspen Group,” “we,” “us” or “our” refer to Aspen Insurance Holdings Limited (“Aspen Holdings”) or Aspen Holdings and its consolidated subsidiaries, as the context requires. References to “Aspen Holdings” mean only Aspen Insurance Holdings Limited. Our principal operating subsidiaries are: Aspen Insurance U.K. Limited (“Aspen U.K.”), Aspen Bermuda Limited (“Aspen Bermuda”), Aspen Specialty Insurance Company (“Aspen Specialty”), Aspen American Insurance Company (“AAIC”) and Aspen Underwriting Limited (“AUL”) (as corporate member of our Lloyd’s operations, which are managed by Aspen Managing Agency Limited “AMAL”), each referred to herein an “Operating Subsidiary” and collectively referred to as the “Operating Subsidiaries”). References to “Aspen Capital Markets” means business conducted by our subsidiaries that participate in alternative reinsurance markets, including Peregrine Reinsurance Ltd (“Peregrine”), Aspen Cat Fund Limited (“ACF”) and related management entities, including Aspen Capital Advisors Inc. (“Aspen Advisors”) and Aspen Capital Management, Ltd (“ACML”).

References in this report to “U.S. Dollars,” “dollars,” “$” or “¢” are to the lawful currency of the United States of America, references to “British Pounds,” “pounds,” “GBP” or “£” are to the lawful currency of the United Kingdom and references to “euros” or “€” are to the lawful currency adopted by certain member states of the European Union (the “E.U.”), unless the context otherwise requires.

On February 15, 2019, the Company completed its merger with Highlands Merger Sub, Ltd. (“Merger Sub”), a wholly owned subsidiary of Highlands Bermuda Holdco, Ltd. (formerly known as Highlands Holdings, Ltd.) (“Parent”). Merger Sub merged with and into the Company (the “Merger”), with the Company continuing as the surviving company and as a wholly owned subsidiary of Parent. Parent, a Bermuda exempted company, is an affiliate of certain investment funds managed by affiliates of Apollo Global Management, Inc., a leading global investment manager (collectively with its subsidiaries, “Apollo”).

As a result of the Merger, all of the Company’s publicly traded ordinary shares were automatically canceled. The ordinary shares of the Company ceased trading on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) prior to the opening of trading on February 15, 2019. The Company’s preference shares and depositary shares continue to be listed on the NYSE under the following symbols: AHL PRC, AHL PRD and AHL PRE.

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PART I

Item 1. Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisors

Not applicable.

Item 2. Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable

Not applicable.

Item 3. Key Information

A. Selected Financial Data

The following table sets forth our selected historical financial information for the periods ended and as of the dates indicated. You should read the following selected consolidated financial information in conjunction with other information contained in this report, including the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes in Item 18 and “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects” in Item 5 of this report.


	Twelve Months Ended December 31,
	2021			2020			2019
	($ in millions, except per share amounts)
Summary Income Statement Data
Gross written premiums	$	3,938.4		$	3,698.5		$	3,442.4
Net premiums written	2,587.7			2,577.8			2,427.9
Net premiums earned	2,410.5			2,527.5			2,293.3
Loss and loss adjustment expenses	(1,693.3)			(1,840.8)			(1,679.7)
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs, general, administrative and corporate expenses	(832.1)			(876.6)			(934.3)
Net investment income	147.5			154.6			197.3
Income (loss) from operations before income tax	35.1			(38.0)			(216.6)
Net income/(loss) after income tax (5)	29.8			(56.4)			(239.5)








Summary Balance Sheet Data
Total cash and investments (2,4)	$	7,831.0		$	7,502.6		$	7,801.9
Premiums receivable (3) (5)	1,408.3			1,283.0			1,317.4
Total assets	13,844.1			13,090.6			12,494.5
Loss and loss adjustment expense reserves	7,611.8			7,165.3			6,951.8
Reserves for gross unearned premiums	2,112.3			1,817.4			1,737.7

Long-term debt	299.9			299.9			299.8
Total shareholders’ equity (5)	2,774.8			2,887.2			2,628.0
Summary Data of Other Financial Data
Underwriting (loss)(1)	(30.0)			(87.0)			(140.6)
Adjusted underwriting profit/(loss) (1)	28.3			(87.0)			(140.6)
Combined ratio (1)	101.2		%	103.4		%	106.1		%
Adjusted combined ratio (1)	98.8		%	103.4		%	106.1		%

______________

(1) Refer to Item 5, “Reconciliation of Non-U.S. GAAP Financial Measures” for the definitions of these captions.

(2) Total cash and investments include cash, cash equivalents, fixed income securities, equities, bank loans, other investments, short-term investments and catastrophe bonds.

(3) Premiums receivable including funds withheld.

(4) Including cash within consolidated variable interest entities of $75.2 million as at December 31, 2021 (2020 — $69.9 million; 2019 — $69.1 million).

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(5) Prior period information for the periods ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 have been corrected downward relating to underwriting premiums receivable by $94.8 million and $86.0 million, respectively, retained earnings by $28.5 million and $12.2 million, respectively, and accumulated other comprehensive income by $81.9 million and $85.3 million, respectively. Refer to Item 18, Note 26, “Correction of Immaterial Errors” of our consolidated financial statements for additional information.

On February 15, 2019, Parent acquired all of the Company’s ordinary shares. As a result, all of the Company’s previously publicly traded ordinary shares were automatically canceled and ceased trading on the NYSE. Accordingly, per share data is no longer required to be presented by the Company. Refer to Item 18, Note 1, “History and Organization” for additional details of the Merger.

B. Capitalization and Indebtedness

Not applicable.

C. Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds

Not applicable.

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D. Risk Factors

You should carefully consider the following risk factors and all other information set forth in this report, including our consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto. Any of the risks described below could materially and adversely affect our business, operating results or financial condition. The risk factors described below could also cause our actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking and other statements contained in this report and other documents that we file with the SEC. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones we face. However, these are the risks we believe to be material as of the date of this report. Additional risks not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also impair our future business, financial condition or operating results.

Introduction

As with any publicly traded company, investing in our preference shares and other securities carries risks. Our risk management strategy is designed to identify, measure, monitor and manage material risks which could adversely affect our financial condition and operating results. We have invested significant resources to develop the appropriate risk management policies and procedures to implement this strategy. Nonetheless, the future business environment is intrinsically uncertain and difficult to forecast and, as a result, our risk management methods may not be successful. For more information on our risk management strategy, refer to Item 4, “Business Overview - Risk Management - Risk Management Strategy.”

Risks Relating to Recent Developments

The coronavirus pandemic and the responses thereto have already adversely affected our business and operations, and the ultimate effects thereof on our business, our operations and our financial condition and results of operations remain highly uncertain and impossible to predict.

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, and the actions taken by the governments, businesses and individuals in response to the pandemic have resulted in, and are expected to continue to result in, significant and ongoing economic and societal disruption, including significant market volatility. As new variants of the virus emerge, we are seeing a resurgence of the pandemic in certain key markets, which could adversely impact our operations, financial condition, or liquidity.

Our exposures are controlled and limited by our insurance and reinsurance contracts, which include specific terms and conditions defining if and how our policies respond to losses arising from the COVID-19 pandemic. However, legislative, regulatory or judicial actions and social influences which may seek to extend coverage or payment terms beyond intended contractual obligations or result in an increase in the frequency or severity of claims beyond expected levels. There are ongoing lawsuits and other legal actions challenging the promptness of coverage determinations or the coverage determinations themselves on claims under applicable insurance or reinsurance policies, including, among others, business interruption claims, which could result in increased claims, litigation and related expenses. It is not possible to predict when or how litigation related to the COVID-19 pandemic and coverage disputes will be finally resolved, which further impairs our ability to estimate potential insurance or reinsurance exposure.

We set our reserves based on our best interpretation of the current legal position in applicable jurisdictions, but these legislative, regulatory, judicial actions and social influences continue to make it difficult to predict the total amount of losses we could incur as a result of the pandemic.

In addition, financial market volatility could adversely affect our investment results or access to the capital markets and the continuing economic recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic along with persistent elevated inflation, and a tightening of monetary policy, could result in a stronger increase in interest rates. A higher than planned increase in interest rates reduces the value of fixed income investments, and as a result, reduces held capital on a GAAP basis (undiscounted). While our investment portfolio comprises primarily government and other fixed income securities, and we are not significantly exposed to equity markets, our corporate bond portfolio could be subject to default risk in the event of extended disruption to trade, and our strategic asset allocation includes middle market loans (“MML”), commercial mortgage loans (“CML”) and other mortgage loan arrangements that may be adversely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.

We also face operational risks as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. As many of our employees continue to work from home, there is an increased risk that business operations will be disrupted due to, cybersecurity attacks or data security incidents, among other things. In addition, illnesses suffered by key employees could prevent or delay the performance of critical business and financial reporting functions; widespread illnesses suffered by our employees may render us unable to perform normal business functions and operate our business on a day-to-day basis. Further, complying with various vaccine,

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masking or testing requirements could impact our workforce and adversely impact our ability to operate our business, which could in turn adversely impact our results of operations or financial performance.

We continue to follow guidelines and governmental mandates regarding COVID-19 protocols and vaccinations. While it is not possible to predict the administrative costs, compliance costs or impacts to our available workforce, we continue to develop, and amend as needed, guidelines, testing processes, and vaccination requirements. In addition, we are monitoring legal actions and pending legislation regarding the mandates for further guidance.

We rely on vendors, including some located overseas, for a number of services. As the COVID-19 pandemic has had a global impact, our vendors could also experience disruptions to their operations and while we have contingency plans for some level of disruption, there can be no assurance that issues with the business operations of our vendors would not have a material effect on our own operations.

Further, we cannot predict at this time how the COVID-19 pandemic will impact demand for our insurance and reinsurance products in the future. While we expect demand for (re)insurance may, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, increase in some lines of business, and decrease in others, the future impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our industry and our business will depend on a range of factors, including the duration of mitigation efforts and public acceptance of vaccines and/or other alternative treatments, the severity of the impact of mitigation efforts on businesses and business activity, the scope and efficacy of governmental stimulus and other relief efforts, the extent to which legislative or regulatory efforts or court cases succeed in shifting some of the burden of the pandemic to insurers (particularly for business interruption) on a retroactive basis, and the severity and duration of, and the speed of recovery from, recessionary impacts. Our disclosures should be read in the context of the evolving COVID-19 pandemic and the related uncertainties, whether or not specific reference is made thereto.

In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic may have the effect of triggering or intensifying many of the risks described elsewhere under this Item 3D. Risk Factors.

Our business may be negatively impacted as a result of the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

The Russian invasion of Ukraine has resulted in the imposition of certain sanctions by U.S., E.U., U.K. and other jurisdictions. We cannot predict the impact of the invasion and any heightened military conflict, economic impact or geopolitical instability that may follow, including heightened operating risks in the E.U., additional sanctions or counter-sanctions, heightened inflation, cyber disruptions or attacks, and higher energy costs. Any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

In addition, the Russian invasion of Ukraine may have the effect of triggering or intensifying many of the risks described elsewhere under this Item 3D. Risk Factors.

Risks Related to Our Business

(Re)insurance Risks

Our financial condition and operating results may be adversely affected by the occurrence of natural and man-made disasters.

As part of our insurance and reinsurance operations, we assume substantial exposure to losses resulting from natural disasters, man-made catastrophes and other catastrophe events. Catastrophes can be caused by various unpredictable events, including, but not limited to, tropical storms, cyclones, hurricanes, winter storms, tornadoes, hailstorms, floods, wildfires, drought, pandemic disease, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes and tsunamis. Catastrophes can also be man-made such as acts of war, acts of terrorism and other intentionally destructive acts, including those involving nuclear, biological, chemical or radiological events, cyber-attacks, explosions, infrastructure failures and losses resulting from political instability, government action that is hostile to commercial interests and sovereign, sub-sovereign and corporate defaults.

The incidence, severity and magnitude of catastrophes are inherently unpredictable and our losses from such catastrophes have been and can be substantial. In addition, we expect that increases in the values and concentrations of insured property will increase the severity of such occurrences in the future and that global climate change may increase the frequency and severity of severe weather events, wildfires and flooding. Similarly, changes in global political and economic conditions may increase both the frequency and severity of man-made catastrophe events in the future. Although we attempt to manage our exposure to such events through a multitude of approaches (including geographic diversification, geographic limits, individual policy limits, exclusions or limitations from coverage, purchase of reinsurance and expansion of supportive

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collateralized capacity), the availability of these management tools may be dependent on market factors and, to the extent available, may not respond in the way that we expect. In addition, a single catastrophic event could affect multiple geographic zones or the frequency or severity of catastrophic events could exceed our estimates. As a result, the occurrence of one or more catastrophic events or an unusual frequency of smaller events may result in substantial volatility in, and may materially adversely affect, our business, financial condition or operating results.

With regard to cyber-attacks, this is an area where the threat landscape is evolving, and there is a risk that increases in the frequency and severity of cyber-attacks on our policyholders could adversely affect our financial condition and operating results. This risk is also dependent on our policyholders’ cybersecurity defenses, and our issuance of policy terms which respond to the evolving threat landscape. In addition, our exposure to cyber-attacks includes exposure to silent cyber risks, meaning risks and potential losses associated with policies where cyber risk is not specifically included nor excluded in the policies. Even in cases where we attempt to exclude losses from cyber-related risks, there can be no assurance that a court or arbitration panel will interpret policy language, or otherwise issue a ruling, favorable to us.

Global climate change may have a material adverse effect on our operating results and financial condition if we do not adequately assess and price for any increased frequency and severity of claims and manage risks.

There is widespread consensus in the scientific community that there is a long-term upward trend in global air and sea temperatures which is likely to increase the severity and frequency of severe weather events over the coming decades. Rising sea levels are also expected to add to the risks associated with coastal flooding in many geographical areas. Large scale climate change could also increase both the frequency and severity of natural catastrophes and our loss costs associated with property damage and business interruption due to storms, floods and other weather-related events. In addition, global climate change could impair our ability to predict the costs associated with future weather events.

In 2020, we established a cross-functional climate change working group (the “Climate Change Working Group”) to assess and manage the financial risks associated with climate change. However, despite the creation of the Climate Change Working Group, given the scientific uncertainty of predicting the effect of climate cycles and climate change on the frequency and severity of catastrophes and the lack of adequate predictive tools, we may not be able to adequately model the associated exposures and potential losses in connection with such catastrophes which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or operating results.

Climate change could also give rise to new environmental liability claims in the energy, manufacturing and other industries we serve as those that have suffered losses seek compensation. In addition, the transition to a less polluting, greener economy could impact the value of our investments in impacted sectors, or demand for insurance in our casualty classes or energy exposed lines.

We could face unanticipated losses from war, terrorism and political unrest, government action that is hostile to commercial interests and from sovereign, sub-sovereign and corporate defaults, and these or other unanticipated losses could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or operating results.

We have substantial exposure to unexpected, large losses resulting from man-made catastrophic events such as, but not limited to, acts of war, acts of terrorism and losses resulting from political instability, government action that is hostile to commercial interests and sovereign, sub-sovereign and corporate defaults. These risks are inherently unpredictable as it is difficult to predict their occurrence with statistical certainty or to estimate the amount of loss such an occurrence may generate. Events around the globe including, but not limited to, those related to the recent Russian invasion of Ukraine and the ongoing unrest in the Middle East and North Korea have highlighted the unpredictable but increasingly present threat of war, terrorism, and political instability.

Terrorist events could generate greater interest in political violence insurance coverage and greater awareness of the risks multinational corporations face in conflict-prone regions. We closely monitor the amount and types of coverage we provide for terrorism risk under insurance policies and reinsurance treaties. Even in cases where we have deliberately sought to exclude such coverage, there can be no assurance that a court or arbitration panel will interpret policy language or issue a ruling favorable to us. Accordingly, we may not be able to eliminate our exposure to terrorist events and there remains a risk that our reserves will not be adequate to cover such losses should they materialize. Notably, the Terrorism Risk Insurance Program Reauthorization Act of 2019 (the “TRIA Reauthorization”) does not provide coverage for reinsurance losses. In addition, we have limited terrorism coverage for exposure to catastrophe losses related to acts of terrorism in the reinsurance that we purchase. Although the TRIA Reauthorization provides benefits in the event of certain acts of terrorism occurring in the United States, those benefits are subject to a deductible and other limitations.

Our credit and political risk insurance line of business protects insureds with interests in foreign jurisdictions in the event governmental action prevents them from exercising their contractual rights and may also protect their assets against physical

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damage perils. The insurance provided may include cover for loss arising from expropriation, forced abandonment, license cancellation, trade embargo, contract frustration, non-payment, war on land or political violence (including terrorism, revolution, insurrection and civil unrest).

Our credit and political risk line of business also provides non-payment coverage on specific loan obligations. We insure sovereign non-payment and corporate non-payment as a result of commercial as well as political risk events. The vast majority of the corporate non-payment credit insurance provided is for single-named illiquid risks, primarily in the form of senior bank loans that can be individually analyzed and underwritten. We also aim to avoid terms in our credit insurance contracts which introduce liquidity risk, most notably, in the form of a collateralization requirement upon a ratings downgrade. We also attempt to manage our exposure, by among other things, setting credit limits by country, region, industry and individual counterparty and regularly reviewing our aggregate exposures. However, due to globalization, political instability in one region can spread to other regions. Geopolitical uncertainty regarding a variety of domestic and international matters, such as the U.S. political and regulatory environment, the potential for default by one or more European sovereign debt issuers and the impact of the exit of the United Kingdom from the E.U. (“Brexit”) could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations or financial condition.

The effects of emerging claim and coverage issues in our business and social inflation are uncertain.

As industry practices and legislative, regulatory, judicial, social, financial, technological and other environmental conditions change, unexpected and unintended issues related to claims and coverage may emerge. These issues may adversely affect our business by either extending coverage beyond our underwriting intent or by increasing the frequency and severity of claims. In some instances, these changes may not become apparent until after we have issued insurance or reinsurance contracts that are affected by the changes. As a result, the full extent of liability under our insurance or reinsurance contracts may not be known for many years after issuance.

Our results may fluctuate as a result of many factors, including cyclical changes in the reinsurance and insurance industries.

Historically, the performance of the property and casualty reinsurance and insurance industries has tended to fluctuate in cyclical periods of price competition and excess underwriting capacity, followed by periods of high premium rates and shortages of underwriting capacity. Although an individual reinsurance and insurance company’s performance is dependent on its own specific business characteristics, the profitability of most property and casualty reinsurance and insurance companies tends to follow this market cycle. Further, this cyclical market pattern can be more pronounced in the reinsurance market in which Aspen Re competes and in the excess and surplus market in which Aspen Insurance primarily competes than in the standard insurance market. In addition, compared with historical cyclical periods, a cycle of increased price competition and excess underwriting capacity may continue for a prolonged period of time as new and existing reinsurance and insurance market participants and products continue to enter the reinsurance and insurance markets. Unfavorable market conditions may affect the ability of our reinsurance and insurance subsidiaries to write business at rates they consider appropriate relative to the risk assumed. If we cannot write business at appropriate rates, our business would be significantly and adversely affected.

When premium rates are high and there is a shortage of capacity in the standard insurance market, growth in the excess and surplus market can be significantly more rapid than growth in the standard insurance market. Similarly, when there is price competition and excess underwriting capacity in the standard insurance market, many customers that were previously driven into the excess and surplus market may return to the standard insurance market, exacerbating the effects of price competition.

Demand for reinsurance is influenced significantly by underwriting and investment results in both the standard insurance and the excess and surplus markets and market conditions. The supply of reinsurance is related to prevailing prices, the levels of insured losses and the levels of reinsurance industry surplus, among other factors. These in turn may fluctuate in response to changes in rates of return on investments being earned in the reinsurance industry. In addition, the supply of reinsurance is affected by a reinsurer’s confidence in its ability to accurately assess the probability of expected underwriting outcomes, particularly with respect to catastrophe losses.

Since cyclicality is due in large part to the collective actions of insurers, reinsurers and general economic conditions and the occurrence of unpredictable events, we cannot predict the timing or duration of changes in the market cycle. These cyclical patterns cause our revenues and net earnings to fluctuate, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or operating results

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A material proportion of our business relies on the assessment and pricing of individual risks by third parties.

We authorize managing general agents, general agents and other producers to write business on our behalf from time to time within underwriting authorities we prescribe. We rely on the underwriting controls of these agents and producers to write business within the underwriting authorities we provide. Although we monitor our underwriting on an ongoing basis, our monitoring efforts may not be adequate and our agents and producers may exceed their underwriting authorities or otherwise breach obligations owed to us. There is also the risk that we may be held responsible for obligations that arise from the acts or omissions of third parties if they are deemed to have acted on our behalf. In addition, our agents, producers, insureds or other third parties may commit fraud or otherwise breach their obligation to us. To the extent that our agents, producers, insureds or other third parties exceed their authorities, commit fraud or otherwise breach obligations owed to us, our operating results and financial condition may be materially adversely affected.

Our reliance on third-party assessment and pricing of individual risk extends to our reinsurance treaty business. Similar to other reinsurers, we do not separately evaluate each of the individual risks assumed under most reinsurance treaties. We are therefore largely dependent on the original underwriting decisions made by ceding companies. We are subject to the risk that the ceding companies may not have adequately evaluated the risks to be reinsured and that the premiums ceded to us may not adequately compensate us for the risks we assume and the losses we may incur. As a result of this reliance on ceding companies, our operating results and financial condition may be materially adversely affected.

The failure of any risk management and loss limitation methods we employ could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and operating results.

We employ various risk management and loss limitation methods. We seek to manage our loss exposure by maintaining disciplined underwriting processes designed to guide the pricing, terms and acceptance of risk. These processes, which may include the use of pricing models, are intended to ensure that premiums received are sufficient to cover the expected levels of attritional losses and a contribution to the cost of catastrophes and large losses, where necessary. We also seek to mitigate our loss exposure by writing a number of our insurance and reinsurance contracts on an excess of loss basis, such that we only pay losses that exceed a specified retention. We also seek to limit certain risks, such as catastrophes and political risks, by geographic diversification. Geographic zone limitations involve significant underwriting judgments, including the determination of zone boundaries and the allocation of policy limits to zones. In the case of proportional (also known as pro rata) property reinsurance treaties, we often seek per occurrence limitations or loss and loss expense ratio caps to limit the impact of losses from any one event, although we may not be able to obtain such limits in certain markets. Various provisions in our policies intended to limit our risks, such as limitations or exclusions from certain coverage and choice of forum, may not always be enforceable. Purchasing reinsurance is another loss limitation method we employ which may not always respond in the way intended due to disputes relating to coverage terms, exclusions or counterparty credit risk.

There are inherent limitations in all of these actions and it is possible that an event or series of events could result in loss levels that could have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. It is also possible that our controls and monitoring efforts may be ineffective, permitting one or more underwriters to exceed their underwriting authority and cause us to (re)insure risks outside the agreed upon guidelines or that losses could manifest themselves in ways that we do not anticipate and that our risk mitigation strategies are not designed to address. Additionally, various provisions in our policies, such as limitations or exclusions from coverage or choice of forum negotiated to limit our risk may not be enforceable in the manner we intend. As a result, one or more natural catastrophes and/or terrorism or other events could result in claims that substantially exceed our expectations, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or operating results.

On January 10, 2022, the Company announced an agreement for a ground-up loss portfolio transfer (“LPT”) with a subsidiary of Enstar Group Limited (“Enstar”). See Item 5, Operating and Financial Review and Prospects, for further details. The LPT represents a repositioning of the adverse development cover previously entered into between the Company and Enstar in March 2020. The nature and structure of the LPT present certain risks to the Company, including claims, marketing and reserving risks, that may have an uncertain impact across multiple operational functions and on our business generally.

The reinsurance that we purchase may not always be available on favorable terms or we may choose to retain a higher proportion of particular risks compared to previous years.

From time to time, market conditions have limited, and in some cases prevented, insurers and reinsurers from obtaining the types and amounts of reinsurance that they consider adequate for their business needs. Accordingly, we may not be able to obtain our desired amount of reinsurance or retrocession protection on terms that are acceptable to us from entities with a satisfactory credit rating or which is collateralized. Even if such capacity is available, we may also choose to retain a higher

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proportion of particular risks than in previous years due to pricing, terms and conditions or strategic emphasis. We may also seek alternative means of transferring risk, including expanded participation via our Aspen Capital Markets platform in alternative reinsurance structures. These solutions may not provide commensurate levels of protection compared to traditional retrocession. Our inability to obtain adequate reinsurance or other protection for our own account at favorable prices and on acceptable terms could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.

Our financial condition and operating results may be adversely affected if actual claims exceed our loss reserves.

Our operating results and financial condition depend on our ability to accurately assess the potential losses associated with the risks that we (re)insure. While we believe that our loss reserves as of December 31, 2021 are adequate, establishing an appropriate level of loss reserves is an inherently uncertain process and requires a considerable amount of judgment. There are many factors that would cause our reserves to increase or decrease, which include, but are not limited to, changes in claim severity, changes in the expected level of reported claims, judicial action changing the scope and/or liability of coverage, changes in the legislative, regulatory, social and economic environment and unexpected changes in loss inflation. In addition, changes in the level of inflation also result in an increased level of uncertainty in our estimation of loss reserves, particularly for those lines of business that are considered “long-tail,” such as casualty, as they require a relatively long period of time to finalize and settle claims for a given accident year. To the extent actual claims exceed our expectations, we will be required to recognize the less favorable experience immediately which could cause a material increase in our provisions for liabilities and a reduction in our profitability, including operating losses and reduction of capital.

We cannot estimate losses from widespread catastrophic events, such as hurricanes and earthquakes, using traditional actuarial methods. The magnitude and complexity of losses associated with certain of these events inherently increase the level of uncertainty and, therefore, the level of management judgment involved in arriving at loss reserve estimates. Similarly, our estimate of ultimate losses related to the COVID-19 pandemic continues to be subject to significant uncertainty. This uncertainty is driven by the inherent difficulty in making assumptions around the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic due to the lack of comparable events, the ongoing nature of the event, and its far-reaching impacts to world-wide economies and the health of the global population. As a result, actual losses for these events may ultimately differ materially from current estimates.

While we believe that our earliest accident years are capable of providing us with meaningful actuarial indications, estimates and judgments for new (re)insurance lines of business are more difficult to make than those made for more mature lines of business because we have more limited historical information through December 31, 2021. A significant portion of our current loss reserves is in respect of incurred but not reported (“IBNR”) reserves. This IBNR reserve is based almost entirely on estimates involving actuarial and statistical projections of our expectations of the ultimate settlement and administration costs. In addition to limited historical information for certain lines of business, we utilize actuarial models as well as historical insurance industry loss development patterns to establish loss reserves. Accordingly, actual claims and claim expenses paid may deviate, perhaps substantially, from our reserve estimates, which could materially adversely affect our financial results.

Only reserves applicable to losses incurred up to the reporting date may be set aside in our financial statements, with no allowance for future losses. Our estimates of reserves for losses and loss expenses also include assumptions about future payments for settlement of claims and claims-handling expenses, such as medical treatment and litigation costs. We write casualty business in the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia and certain other territories where claims inflation has in many years run at higher rates than general inflation. To the extent economic or social inflation causes these costs to increase above reserves established for these claims, we will be required to increase our loss reserves with a corresponding reduction in our net income in the period in which the deficiency is identified, which could materially adversely affect our financial results.

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Market and Liquidity Risks

Our investments are subject to interest rate, credit, and real estate related risks, which may adversely affect our net income and may adversely affect the adequacy of our capital.

We invest the net premiums we receive until such time as, we pay out losses and/or until they are made available for distribution to ordinary and preferred shareholders, to pay interest on or redemption of debt and preferred shares, or otherwise used for general corporate purposes. Investment income comprises a substantial portion of our group income. We, subsequently are exposed to significant financial and capital market risks, including changes in interest rates, credit spreads, credit defaults, foreign exchange rates, market volatility impacting the valuation of our investments, the performance of the economy in general, and other factors outside our control. The impact of geopolitical tension, such as a deterioration in the bilateral relationship between the U.S. and China or an escalation in conflict between Russia and Ukraine, including any resulting sanctions, export controls or other restrictive actions that may be imposed by the U.S. and/or other countries against governmental or other entities in, for example, Russia, also could lead to disruption, instability and volatility in the global markets, which may have an impact on our investments across negatively impacted sectors or geographies.

A significant portion of our investments could be influenced by changes in interest rates across a number of geographies. Interest rates are highly sensitive to many factors, including fiscal and monetary policies of major economies, inflation, economic and political conditions and other factors outside our control. Changes in interest rates can negatively affect net investment income in that, in a declining interest rate environment, investments in fixed maturities and short-term investments (fixed maturity portfolio) would earn interest income at lower rates. In a declining interest rate environment, the market value of our fixed income portfolio would increase; however, in a rising interest rate environment, the market value of our fixed income portfolio will decline. Furthermore, depending on our liquidity needs and investment strategy, we may liquidate investments prior to maturity at a loss in order to cover liabilities as they become due or to invest in other investment opportunities that have better expected longer term profitability.

Our fixed maturity portfolio is primarily invested in high quality, investment grade securities, including collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”). However, we invest a portion of the portfolio in securities that are below investment grade. We also invest a portion of our portfolio in other investments such as unrated private fixed and floating rate investments, and other specialty asset classes. These securities generally pay a higher rate of interest or return and may have a higher degree of credit or default risk. These securities may also be less liquid in times of economic weakness or market disruptions.

In addition, we invest directly and indirectly in private loans and real estate assets, which, as described more fully below, are subject to additional risks.

We may be adversely impacted by inflation.

Our operations, like those of other (re)insurers, are susceptible to the effects of inflation because premiums are established before the ultimate amounts of losses and loss expenses are known. Although we consider the potential effects of inflation when setting premium rates, premiums may not fully offset the effects of inflation and thereby essentially result in underpricing the risks we insure and reinsure. Loss reserves include assumptions about future payments for settlement of claims and claims-handling expenses, such as the value of replacing property, associated labor costs for the property business we write and litigation costs. To the extent inflation causes costs to increase above loss reserves established for claims, we will be required to increase loss reserves with a corresponding reduction in net income in the period in which the deficiency is identified, which may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations or financial condition. Unanticipated higher inflation could also lead to higher interest rates, which would negatively impact the value of our fixed income securities and potentially other investments.

LIBOR has been or will be discontinued as a floating rate benchmark; SOFR is expected to replace U.S. dollar LIBOR as the principal floating rate benchmark for U.S. dollars; the LIBOR discontinuation has affected and will continue to affect financial markets generally and may also affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

LIBOR has been the principal floating rate benchmark in the financial markets. However, as of December 31, 2021, all currencies and tenors of LIBOR, except the principal tenors of U.S. dollar LIBOR, were discontinued or ceased to be representative. The remaining tenors of U.S. dollar LIBOR are expected to be discontinued, or to become non-representative, as of June 30, 2023. For some existing LIBOR-based obligations, including certain of our assets and liabilities, the contractual consequences of the discontinuation of LIBOR are not clear. In addition, there is no assurance that the remaining tenors of U.S. dollar LIBOR will continue to be published until June 30, 2023 or in any particular form, and there is no assurance regarding the consequences of the LIBOR discontinuation generally.

In the United States, there have been efforts to identify alternative reference interest rates for U.S. dollar LIBOR. It is expected that U.S. dollar LIBOR will be replaced principally by rates based on the Secured Overnight Financing Rate

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(“SOFR”). For purposes of the following discussion, the term “LIBOR” refers solely to U.S. dollar LIBOR. SOFR has a limited history, having been first published in April 2018. The future performance of SOFR, and SOFR-based reference rates, cannot be predicted based on SOFR’s history or otherwise. Future levels of SOFR may bear little or no relation to historical levels of SOFR, LIBOR or other rates. SOFR has been more volatile than other benchmark or market rates, such as three-month LIBOR, during certain periods. Moreover, SOFR-based rates will differ from LIBOR, and the differences may be material. SOFR is intended to be a broad measure of the cost of borrowing funds overnight in transactions that are collateralized by U.S. Treasury securities. In contrast, LIBOR has been intended to be sensitive to bank credit risk and to short-term interest rate risk. It is expected that more than one SOFR-based rate will be used in the financial markets. Like LIBOR, some SOFR-based rates will be forward-looking term rates; other SOFR-based rates will be intended to resemble rates for term structures through their use of averaging mechanisms applied to rates from overnight transactions, as in the case of “simple average” or “compounded average” SOFR. Different kinds of SOFR-based rates will result in different interest rates. Mismatches between SOFR-based rates, and between SOFR-based rates and other rates, may cause economic inefficiencies, particularly if market participants seek to hedge one kind of SOFR-based rate by entering into hedge transactions based on another SOFR-based rate or another rate. Non-LIBOR floating rate obligations, including SOFR-based obligations, may have returns and values that fluctuate more than those of floating rate obligations that are based on LIBOR or other rates. Also, because SOFR and some alternative floating rates are relatively new market indexes, markets for certain non-LIBOR obligations may never develop or may not be liquid. Market terms for non-LIBOR floating rate obligations, such as the spread over the index reflected in interest rate provisions, may evolve over time, and prices of non-LIBOR floating rate obligations may be different depending on when they are issued and changing views about correct spread levels. Resulting changes in the financial markets may adversely affect financial markets generally and may also adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows specifically.

As of December 31, 2021, certain of our assets, liabilities and securities had LIBOR-based rates. We are taking, or expect to take, steps intended to result in LIBOR being replaced, in connection with such assets, liabilities and securities, with SOFR-based rates or other appropriate floating rates. However, there can be no assurance regarding how LIBOR will be replaced or, when it is replaced, whether the replacement will have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows, material or otherwise.

Our investments in private, secured CMLs and private, secured MMLs are subject to credit risk, market risk, servicing risk, loss from catastrophic events and other risks, which could diminish the value that we obtain from such investments.

As of December 31, 2021, a small portion of our total invested assets were invested in private, secured CMLs and in private, secured MMLs. Defaults by borrowers in the payment or performance of their obligations underlying these assets could reduce our investment income and realized investment gains or result in the recognition of investment losses. For example, the value of our real estate-related assets depends in part on the financial condition of the borrowers, the value of the real properties underlying the mortgages and, for commercial properties, the financial condition of the tenants of the properties underlying those mortgages, as well as general and specific economic trends affecting the overall default rate. An unexpectedly high rate of default on commercial mortgages and/or middle market loans may limit substantially the ability of the issuer of such securities to make payments to the loan holders, reducing the value of those securities.

The CML and MML portfolios that we hold, face both default and delinquency risk. An increase in the delinquency or default rate of our CML/MML portfolios or geographic or sector concentration within our CML/MML portfolios could materially and adversely impact our financial condition and results of operations. Any failure to manage these risks effectively could materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. In general, any significant weakness in the broader macro economy or significant problems in a particular real estate market or corporate market may cause a decline in the value of the real estate market and corporate assets securing the loans in that market, thereby increasing the risk of delinquency, default and foreclosure. This could, in turn, have a material adverse effect on our credit loss experience.

For more information on our CML and MML investments, which we also refer to as “privately-held investments,” refer to Item 18, Note 4 of our consolidated financial statements, “Investments.”

A portion of our invested assets are relatively illiquid and we may fail to realize profits from these assets for a considerable period of time, or lose some or all of the principal amount we invest in these assets if we are required to sell our invested assets at a loss to meet our insurance, reinsurance or other obligations.

We seek to configure our investment portfolio to provide and maintain sufficient liquidity to support our insurance, reinsurance and other obligations. However, in order to provide necessary long-term returns and to achieve our strategic goals, at times a portion of our assets may be relatively illiquid. A portion of our investments are in securities that are not

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publicly traded or that otherwise lack liquidity, such as our privately-held fixed maturity and floating rate securities, below investment grade securities, and alternative investments.

We record our relatively illiquid types of investments at fair value. If we were forced to sell some or all of these assets, there can be no assurance that we would be able to sell them for the values at which such assets are recorded and we might consequently sell these assets at significantly lower values to the recorded value. When we hold a security or position, it is vulnerable to price and value fluctuations and may experience losses if we are unable to sell or hedge the position. Thus, it may be impossible or costly for us to liquidate positions rapidly in order to meet unexpected obligations. This potential mismatch between the liquidity of our assets and liabilities could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

We also invest in CLOs and control over the CLOs in which we invest is exercised through collateral managers, who may take actions that could adversely affect our interests, and we may not have the right to direct collateral management. There may also be less information available to us regarding the underlying debt instruments held by CLOs than if we had invested directly in the debt of the underlying companies. Our investments in CLOs are also subject to liquidity risk as there is a less liquid market for CLOs. Accordingly, we may suffer unrealized depreciation and could incur realized losses in connection with the sale of our CLO investments.

Volatility and uncertainty in general economic conditions and in financial and mortgage markets could adversely impact our business prospects, operating results, financial position and liquidity.

In recent months due to inflation, the emergence of new COVID-19 variants, and the recent Russian invasion of Ukraine, global financial markets have been characterized by volatility and uncertainty. Unfavorable economic conditions could increase our funding costs, limit our access to the capital markets or make credit harder to obtain. Uncertainties in the financial and mortgage markets may also affect our counterparties which could adversely affect their ability to meet their obligations to us.

Deterioration or volatility in the financial markets or general economic and political conditions could result in a prolonged economic downturn or trigger another recession and our operating results, financial position and liquidity could be materially and adversely affected. Further, unfavorable economic conditions could have a material adverse effect on certain of the lines of business we write, including, but not limited to, credit and political risks, professional liability and surety risks.

We provide credit reinsurance to mortgage guaranty insurers and commercial credit insurers. We are exposed to the risk that losses from mortgage insurance materially exceed the net premiums that are received to cover such risks, which may, subject to liability caps, result in operating and economic losses to us. Mortgage insurance underwriting losses that have the potential to exceed our risk appetite are associated with the systemic impacts of severe mortgage defaults, driven by large scale economic downturns and high unemployment.

The determination of the amount of allowances and impairments taken on our investments is highly subjective and could materially impact our operating results or financial position.

We perform a detailed analysis each reporting period end to assess declines in the fair values of available for sale debt securities in accordance with applicable accounting guidance regarding the recognition and presentation of current expected losses. The process of determining an allowance for available for sale securities requires judgment and involves analyzing many factors. For additional information regarding this process, and the changes to the applicable accounting policies, refer to Item 18, Note 2(c) of our consolidated financial statements, “Basis of Preparation and Significant Accounting Policies —Accounting for Investments, Cash and Cash Equivalents”, and Item 18, Note 2(c) of our consolidated financial statements, “Basis of Preparation and Significant Accounting Policies —Accounting Pronouncements.” Assessing the accuracy of the allowances reflected, in our financial statements is inherently uncertain given the subjective nature of the process. Furthermore, additional impairments may need to be taken or allowances provided in the future with respect to events that may impact specific investments. While our current allowance is not material, the current allowance may not be indicative of future impairments or allowances. Thus, future material impairments themselves or any error in accurately accounting for them may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations.

Our financial condition or operating results may be adversely affected by currency fluctuations that we may not be effective at mitigating.

Our reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. However, a significant portion of our operations is conducted outside the United States in a variety of foreign (non-U.S.) currencies. Accordingly, we are subject to legal, economic and market risks

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associated with devaluations and fluctuations in currency exchange rates. Our assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are therefore exposed to changes in currency exchange rates, which may be material. The principal currencies creating foreign exchange risk are the British Pound, the Euro, the Swiss Franc, the Australian Dollar, the Canadian Dollar and the Singapore Dollar. At December 31, 2021, approximately 14.7% of gross written premiums were denominated in non-U.S. currencies. We employ various strategies, including the use of foreign exchange forward contracts and other derivative financial instruments, to manage our exposure to foreign currency exchange risk. To the extent that these exposures are not fully offset or hedged, or the hedges are ineffective at mitigating adverse effects, our financial results and condition may be negatively impacted by fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates.

Credit Risks

Our operating results may be adversely affected by the failure of policyholders, brokers or other intermediaries or reinsurers to honor their payment obligations.

In accordance with industry practice, we generally pay amounts owed on claims under our insurance and reinsurance contracts to brokers and these brokers, in turn, pay these amounts to the policyholders that purchased insurance and reinsurance from us. In some jurisdictions where we write a significant amount of business, if a broker fails to make such a payment it is highly likely that we will be liable to the policyholder for the deficiency because of local laws or contractual obligations. Likewise, when the policyholder pays premiums for policies to brokers for payment to us, these premiums are generally considered to have been paid and, in most cases, the policyholder will no longer be liable to us for those amounts whether or not we have actually received the premiums. Consequently, we assume a degree of credit risk associated with brokers with respect to most of our (re)insurance business.

In addition, bankruptcy, liquidity problems, distressed financial conditions or the general effects of economic recession may increase the risk that policyholders may not pay a part of, or the full amount of, premiums owed to us despite an obligation to do so. The terms of our contracts or local law may not permit us to cancel our insurance even if we have not received payment. If non-payment becomes widespread, whether as a result of bankruptcy, lack of liquidity, adverse economic conditions, operational failure, delay due to litigation, bad faith and fraud or other events, it could have a material adverse impact on our business and operating results.

We purchase reinsurance for our own account in order to mitigate the effect of certain large and multiple losses upon our financial condition. Our reinsurers or capital market counterparts are dependent on their ratings in order to continue to write business and some have suffered downgrades in ratings in the past as a result of their exposures. Our reinsurers or capital market counterparties may also be affected by adverse developments in the financial markets, which could adversely affect their ability to meet their obligations to us. Insolvency of these counterparties, their inability to continue to write business or reluctance to make timely payments under the terms of their agreements with us could have a material adverse effect on us because we remain liable to our insureds or cedants in respect of the reinsured risks.

During periods of economic uncertainty, such as the current environment, our consolidated credit risk to these parties may materially increase.

Strategic Risks

Our business may be adversely affected if third-party outsourced service providers fail to satisfactorily perform certain technology and business process functions.

We outsource certain technology and business process functions to third parties including offshore and cloud service providers and may increasingly do so in the future. If we do not effectively develop, implement and monitor our outsourcing strategy, third-party providers do not perform as anticipated or we experience technological or other problems with a transition, we may not realize productivity improvements or cost efficiencies and may experience operational difficulties, increased costs and loss of business. Our outsourcing of certain technology and business processes and functions to third parties may expose us to enhanced risks related to data security, which could result in monetary and reputational damages. In addition, our ability to receive services from third-party providers may be impacted by cultural differences, political instability, unanticipated regulatory requirements or policies. As a result, our ability to conduct our business may be adversely affected.

Competition and consolidation in the (re)insurance industry could reduce our growth and profitability.

Insurance and reinsurance markets are highly competitive. We compete on an international and regional basis with major U.S., Bermuda, European and other international (re)insurers and underwriting syndicates, including Lloyd's, some of which

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have greater financial, marketing and management resources than we do. We also compete with new companies that continue to be formed to enter the (re)insurance markets. In addition, capital market participants have created alternative products that are intended to compete with reinsurance products. Until recently, new and alternative capital inflows in the (re)insurance market and the retention by cedants of more business had caused an excess supply of (re)insurance capital and may again in the future. We have sought to address this risk by developing our own capital markets capability.

There has also been a large volume of merger and acquisition activity in the (re)insurance sector in recent years which may continue and we may experience increased competition as a result of that consolidation with consolidated entities having enhanced market power. As the (re)insurance industry consolidates, competition for customers will become more intense and the importance of acquiring and properly servicing each customer will become greater.

Increased competition could result in fewer submissions, lower premium rates, less favorable policy terms and conditions and greater expenses relating to customer acquisition and retention, which could have a material adverse impact on our operating results or financial condition.

Our Operating Subsidiaries are rated and our Lloyd’s business benefits from a rating by one or more of A.M. Best and S&P and a decline in any of these ratings could adversely affect our standing among brokers and customers and cause our premiums and earnings to decrease.

Ratings have become an increasingly important factor in establishing the competitive position of insurance and reinsurance companies. Rating agencies represent independent opinions of the financial strength of insurers and reinsurers and their ability to meet policyholder obligations. The ratings of our Operating Subsidiaries are subject to periodic review by, and may be placed on credit watch, revised downward or revoked at the sole discretion of, A.M. Best or S&P. Refer to Item 4, “Business Overview - Ratings.” These ratings are intended to measure a company’s ability to repay its obligations and are based upon criteria established by the rating agencies. Ratings may be solicited or unsolicited.

ASPEN INSURANCE HOLDINGS LTD [AHL-PE] Filings
ASPEN INSURANCE HOLDINGS LTD [AHL-PC] Filings
ASPEN INSURANCE HOLDINGS LTD [AHL-PD] Filings
20-F	[2022-05-16]
20-F	[2021-04-09]
20-F	[2020-04-06]
10-Q	[2019-05-08]
10-K	[2019-02-13]
10-Q	[2018-10-31]
10-Q	[2018-08-08]
10-Q	[2018-05-09]
10-K	[2018-02-22]
10-Q	[2017-10-31]
10-Q	[2017-08-02]
10-Q	[2017-05-04]
10-K	[2017-02-22]
10-Q	[2016-11-07]
10-Q	[2016-08-04]
10-Q	[2016-04-28]
10-K	[2016-02-19]
10-Q	[2015-11-05]
10-Q	[2015-07-30]
10-Q	[2015-04-30]
10-K	[2015-02-23]
10-Q	[2014-11-07]
10-Q	[2014-08-05]
10-Q	[2014-05-01]
10-K	[2014-02-20]
10-Q	[2013-11-05]
10-Q	[2013-08-02]
10-Q	[2013-04-29]
10-K	[2013-02-26]
10-Q	[2012-11-07]
10-Q	[2012-08-07]
10-Q	[2012-05-07]
10-K	[2012-02-28]

ASPEN INSURANCE HOLDINGS LTD [AHL-PE] Filings

ASPEN INSURANCE HOLDINGS LTD [AHL-PC] Filings

ASPEN INSURANCE HOLDINGS LTD [AHL-PD] Filings