Ampio Pharmaceuticals, Inc. [AMPE] Filings

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

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FORM 10-K

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(Mark One)

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023

Commission File Number 001-35182

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AMPIO PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

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(720) 437-6500

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

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Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

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Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes   ◻     No   ⌧

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act.   Yes   ◻    No   ⌧

Indicate by a check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.   Yes   ⌧     No   ◻

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).   Yes   ⌧    No   ◻

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

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If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ◻

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over

financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit

report. ☐

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).   Yes   ☐    No   ⌧

The aggregate market value of common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of June 30, 2023, the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, was $3.4 million based on the closing price of $0.23 (pre-September 2023 reverse stock split) as of that date.

As of March 15, 2024, 1,135,358 shares of the registrant’s common stock, par value $0.0001 per share were outstanding.

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This Annual Report on Form 10-K (“Annual Report”) refers to trademarks, such as Ampio and Ampion®, which are protected under applicable intellectual property laws and are our property. This Form 10-K also contains trademarks, service marks, copyrights and trade names of other companies which are the property of their respective owners. Solely for convenience, our trademarks and tradenames referred to in this Form 10-K may appear without the ^® or ™ symbols, but such references are not intended to indicate in any way that we will not assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, our rights to such trademarks and tradenames.

Unless otherwise indicated or unless the context otherwise requires, references in this Form 10-K to the “Company,” “Ampio,” “we,” “us,” or “our” relate to Ampio Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

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CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Annual Report on Form 10-K, or Annual Report, includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. We may also make forward-looking statements in other reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), in materials delivered to stockholders and in press releases. In addition, the Company’s representatives may from time to time make oral forward-looking statements.

All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this Annual Report, including statements regarding our anticipated future clinical developments, future financial position, and plans and objectives of management for future operations, are forward-looking statements. Words such as “may”, “will”, “should”, “forecast”, “could”, “expect”, “suggest”, “believe”, “estimate”, “continue”, “anticipate”, “intend”, “ongoing”, “opportunity”, “potential”, “predicts”, “seek”, “plan,” or similar words, or the negatives of such terms or other variations on such terms or comparable terminology, typically identify forward-looking statements. Such forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements relating to the following:

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We undertake no obligation to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of such statements for any reason, except as otherwise required by law.

Forward-looking statements are based on certain assumptions and expectations of future events and trends that are subject to risks and uncertainties. Actual future results and trends may differ materially from historical results or those reflected in any such forward-looking statements depending on a variety of factors. Important information as to these factors can be found in this Annual Report, including, among others, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” under the headings of “Overview,” “Liquidity and Capital Resources” and annually in “Critical Accounting Policies, Estimates and Judgments.” Further, discussion of these factors is incorporated by reference from Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” of this Annual Report, and should be considered an integral part of Part II, Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

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AMPIO PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

PART I

Item 1.Business.

Overview

Ampio Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Ampio” or “the Company”) is a pre-revenue stage biopharmaceutical company that until February 2024 was focused on the development of a potential treatment for osteoarthritis of the knee (“OAK”) as part of its OA-201 development program (“OA-201 program” or “OA-201”). The OA-201 program sought to advance Ampio’s unique and proprietary small molecule formulation that was Ampio’s only product development opportunity. In late 2023, we initiated non-clinical studies to determine whether OA-201 would support an Investigational New Drug (“IND”) submission. Previous smaller studies had demonstrated that OA-201 showed efficacy versus saline control to reduce pain and preserve cartilage in non-clinical models of osteoarthritis of the knee. However, as we announced in February 2024, the pain reduction benefit was not observed in the data from the recent set of non-clinical studies which utilized a larger population of animal subjects.

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Because the data from the larger non-clinical pain reduction trial of OA-201 did not support the same pain reduction benefit as was demonstrated in the earlier, smaller, proof-of-concept trials, Ampio determined to cease substantially all preclinical and clinical development activities relating to OA-201. Following the February 2024 announcement, the Company’s management and the Board of Directors began an assessment of both internal and external options. Additionally, the Company took immediate action in February and March 2024 to preserve its cash in order to be able to adequately fund any option identified by the Board of Directors. These actions included termination of employees directly involved in the OA-201 program and corporate support, termination of third-party consultants, and termination of agreements with third parties relating to OA-201 development activities.

Because we do not believe that the data from the preclinical studies would support future capital raises necessary to further develop OA-201, we terminated our At the Market Offering Agreement (the “ATM Agreement”) with H.C. Wainwright effective March 6, 2024. We also filed a post-effective amendment to deregister the remaining securities available under the registration statement relating to the offerings under the ATM Agreement, which was declared effective by the SEC on March 4, 2024.

Throughout the months of February and March 2024, the Board of Directors sought to identify and evaluate potential options available to the Company. Based on these evaluations, the Board determined to take steps designed to ensure sufficient cash to adequately fund an orderly wind down of the Company’s operations and to maximize the Company’s cash position. Consistent with this goal, on March 25, 2024, the Board of Directors determined to pursue voluntary delisting of Ampio’s common stock from the NYSE American. After delisting, the Company expects to suspend the Company’s reporting obligations under Sections 13 and 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) and deregister its common stock under Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act.

While the Board of Directors remains open to strategic options, given our prior efforts to develop similar strategic options, the Board of Directors believes that more likely options include the liquidation and wind up of the Company through a dissolution pursuant to a plan of liquidation and dissolution that would be subject to Board and stockholder approval or bankruptcy (should our net assets decline to levels that would require such action).

In addition, we are continuing to pursue resolution of the pending legal proceedings described in this Annual Report on Form 10-K under Part I, Item 3 “Legal Proceedings.”

The financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2023 do not include any adjustments to reflect the future effects on the recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and classifications of liabilities that will likely result when the Company is unable to continue as a going concern.

Reverse Stock Split

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On November 9, 2022, the Company effected a 15-to-1 reverse stock split. On September 12, 2023, the Company effected a 20-to-1 reverse stock split. The Company has retroactively applied the reverse stock splits to share and per share amounts in the condensed financial statements as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. Additionally,

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pursuant to their terms, a proportionate adjustment was made to the per share exercise price and number of shares issuable under all the Company’s outstanding options under the 2010/2019 Stock and Incentive Plans, the number of shares of restricted stock outstanding under the 2019 Stock and Incentive Plan, and common stock warrants, with any fractional shares rounded up to the next whole share. The number of shares authorized for issuance pursuant to the Company’s 2023 Stock and Incentive Plan (the “2023 Plan”) was not impacted by the 20-to-1 reverse stock split (see Note 9 for additional information). The Company also retroactively applied such adjustments in the notes to the condensed financial statements as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The reverse stock split did not reduce the number of authorized shares of common stock and preferred stock and did not alter the par value.

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Intellectual Property Summary

As of December 31, 2023, Ampio had two pending US provisional patent applications relating to and protecting the OA-201 program. A third US provisional patent application covering the OA-201 program was filed in the beginning of the first quarter of 2024.

Our intellectual property strategy has been to file patent applications in the United States and abroad to strengthen our intellectual property rights, expand our portfolio, and protect the OA-201 program in strategic global markets. Given the non-clinical study data described above, we do not expect to continue pursuing future patents and/or supporting provisional patent applications relating to the OA-201 program.

Human Capital Resources

As of December 31, 2023, we had six employees, all of which were employed in the United States. In 2022, Ampio implemented a human capital resources strategy to align with the needs of the OA-201 program and the Company’s capital resources. As part of our strategy, we determined to outsource and contract with independent third-party organizations, advisors and consultants to provide specific services. Our agreements with third parties involved in the OA-201 program were terminated following the analysis of the data from the non-clinical studies in February 2024. Following the employee terminations described above, Ampio has three employees as of March 15, 2024. On March 25, 2024, the Board of Directors determined to terminate the employment of Daniel G. Stokely, the Company’s Chief Financial Officer, as of March 31, 2024, in order to preserve cash to adequately fund an orderly wind down of the Company’s operations and to maximize the Company’s cash position. Michael A. Martino, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, will assume the role of Chief Financial Officer following Mr. Stokely’s departure.

Available Information

We currently file annual reports, quarterly reports, proxy statements and other documents with the SEC under the Exchange Act. The SEC maintains a website that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers, including Ampio, that file electronically with the SEC. These filings are available through the SEC’s website at https://www.sec.gov.

Ampio also makes available free of charge through its website, http://www.ampiopharma.com, its annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to the Exchange Act as soon as reasonably practicable after the Company electronically files such material with, or furnishes it to, the SEC. Information found on our website is not incorporated by reference into this Annual Report.

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You should carefully consider the following risk factors and all other information contained herein as well as the information included in this Annual Report and other reports and filings made with the SEC in evaluating our business and prospects.

Risks and uncertainties, in addition to those we describe below, that are not presently known to us or that we currently believe are immaterial may also impair our business operations. If any of the following risks occur, our business and financial results could be harmed, and the price of our common stock could decline. You should also refer to the other information contained in this Annual Report, including our Consolidated Financial Statements and the related Notes.

These risk factors are current through the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Risks Related to Our Business

Our OA-201 program was our only product development opportunity and with the recent data from non-clinical studies, we have ceased further development activity relating to OA-201.

We do not have any products that are approved for commercial sale and may never be able to develop marketable products. We have generated no revenue from sales of any products or services.  The OA-201 program was our only development program, and the small molecule formulation was our only potential product in development.  Because the data from the recently completed non-clinical pain reduction trial of OA-201 did not support a pain reduction benefit, Ampio determined to cease substantially all non-clinical and clinical development activities relating to OA-201 in February 2024. Our activities currently consist of taking steps to preserve cash to adequately fund an orderly wind down of the Company’s operations and to maximize the Company’s cash position and the pursuit of the resolution of currently pending legal proceedings.

Our available alternatives are limited and there is no assurance that any alternative will result in any distribution to or cash return to our stockholders.

Throughout the months of February and March 2024, the Board of Directors sought to identify and evaluate potential options available to the Company. Based on these evaluations, the Board determined to take steps designed to ensure sufficient cash to adequately fund an orderly wind down of the Company’s operations and to maximize the Company’s cash position. Consistent with this goal, on March 25, 2024, the Board of Directors determined to pursue voluntary delisting of Ampio’s common stock from the NYSE American. After delisting, the Company expects to suspend its reporting obligations under the Exchange Act and deregister its common stock under Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act.

Given our prior efforts to develop strategic options, the Board of Directors believes that more likely options include the liquidation and wind up of the Company through a plan of liquidation and dissolution that would be subject to Board of Director and stockholder approval or bankruptcy (should our net assets decline to levels that would require such action). If we wind up our business and dissolve, there is no assurance that our capital resources will be sufficient to discharge all of our liabilities and fund a distribution to our stockholders. We cannot predict the timing of or the amount of distributions, if any, to our stockholders in a dissolution that may be approved by the Board due to uncertainties as to the ultimate amount of our liabilities, the operating costs and amounts to be reserved for claims, obligations and provisions during the liquidation and winding-up process, and the related timing to complete this process, as well as the time and expense associated with our currently pending legal proceedings and any future legal proceedings in which we may become involved. Examples of uncertainties that could reduce our current cash resources and therefore reduce the amount that may become available to our stockholders in a dissolution if approved by the Board include: costs relating to the current and future legal defense costs in excess of coverage afforded by the existing insurance policies, satisfaction or settlement of lawsuits or other claims threatened against us or our directors or officers in excess of the coverage afforded by the existing insurance policies; amounts necessary to resolve claims of any creditors or other third parties; and delays in the liquidation and dissolution or other winding up process, including relating to seeking stockholder approval of dissolution if approved by the Board.

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We plan to initiate steps to exit from certain reporting requirements under the Exchange Act, which will substantially reduce publicly available information about us.

Our common stock is currently registered under the Exchange Act, which requires that we, and our officers and directors with respect to Section 16 of the Exchange Act, comply with certain public reporting and proxy statement requirements thereunder. Compliance with these requirements is costly and time-consuming. We plan to initiate steps to exit from such reporting requirements in order to curtail expenses. Until we exit from these reporting requirements, we will continue to incur expenses that will reduce the amount available for pursuit of our options and the amount available for payment of our liabilities, reserves or potential distribution to stockholders. If our reporting obligations cease, publicly available information about us will be substantially reduced.

There is substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.

In 2023, we experienced net losses of $8.6 million, had no revenue other than interest income, and used $8.6 million in cash to fund our operations. Due to the current level of liquidity at December 31, 2023 and the projected shortfall to cover operating expenses requiring cash for a period of 12 months from the report date of the annual report, management has expressed substantial doubt as to our ability to continue as a going concern.

As of December 31, 2023, our source of liquidity consisted of $4.1 million of cash and cash equivalents and $0.9 million of an insurance recovery receivable. As of February 29, 2024, we had $3.4 million in cash and cash equivalents and $0.5 million of an insurance recovery receivable. While we continued to implement cost reductions in 2023 and additional cost reductions in February and March 2024, we have finite cash resources available to fund our now limited operations. Our activities currently consist of taking steps to preserve cash to adequately fund an orderly wind down of the Company’s operations and to maximize the Company’s cash position and pursuit of the resolution of currently pending legal proceedings.

Currently, pending legal proceedings and any future legal proceedings may adversely affect our cash position and limit our pursuit of strategic options.

We are currently involved in and may in the future be involved in legal proceedings. Please see “The settlement in principle of certain legal actions is subject to a number of conditions and risks” for a summary of risks relating to the settlement in principle of certain of the pending legal proceedings. The settlements in principle do not affect the ongoing investigation by the SEC. We intend to continue to cooperate fully with the SEC.

Regardless of whether any claims against us are valid or whether we are liable, any future litigation claims, or regulatory proceedings likely will be expensive and time consuming to defend against, require us to advance substantial amounts to director and officer defendants and other indemnifiable defendants for the defense of their claims, and result in the diversion of management attention and reduce our current cash resources.

We currently expect the amount to be paid in both settlements, including related defense costs, will be covered by, and within the policy limits of our D&O insurance policy. However, if defense costs or the amounts associated with the settlements of the pending actions and stockholder demands exceed Ampio’s current expectation, its insurance coverage may not be adequate to cover the amounts incurred by the Company, including as a result of its indemnification obligations to its current and former officers and directors and other parties. Additionally, insurance may not be available at all or in sufficient amounts to cover any liabilities with respect to the pending SEC investigation that is not resolved through the settlements in principle of the civil litigations.

In addition, insurance may not be available at all or in sufficient amounts to cover any liabilities with respect to any future claims against us. We may be required to expend significant amounts to satisfy our self-insured retention in order to obtain coverage of any future claims against us, our directors and officers and other indemnifiable parties. The costs relating to the defense, satisfaction and/or settlement of lawsuits or other claims threatened against us, our directors and officers or other indemnifiable parties and amounts necessary to resolve claims of any creditors or other third parties will reduce our current cash resources and therefore reduce the amount that may become available to our stockholders in a dissolution if approved by the Board and the Company’s shareholders.

If we are liable in any legal proceeding, such proceeding could result in injunctions or other equitable relief, settlements, penalties, fines, or damages that could materially adversely affect our cash position. Given our limited cash resources, if

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we are exposed to significant liabilities resulting from our current or future legal proceedings that are not covered by insurance or if our cash resources are otherwise insufficient to satisfy all claims and liabilities, we may seek bankruptcy protection.

The settlement in principle of certain legal actions is subject to a number of conditions and risks.

On January 11, 2024, we announced that settlements in principle had been reached in the pending securities fraud class action, Case Number 22-cv-2105-WJM-MEH (the “Securities Class Action”), and the pending consolidated derivative actions in the United States District Court for the District of Colorado, Case Number 22-cv-2803-KLM (the “Consolidated Derivative Actions”).

The settlements are subject to various conditions, including confirmatory discovery in the Securities Class Action, negotiation and execution of the full settlement agreements and obtaining court approval in each action. On January 9, 2024, Ampio along with the other parties to each case filed status reports in both the Securities Class Action and the Consolidated Derivative Actions, advising the respective courts of the status of the settlements in principle. The settlement of the Consolidated Derivative Actions is supported by the plaintiff in the pending Colorado state court derivative action, Case Number 2023CV30287, as well as two stockholders who previously submitted pre-litigation demand letters to the Company’s Board of Directors. If finally approved by the relevant courts, the settlements will result in the dismissal with prejudice of all of the pending actions and the withdrawal of the two stockholder pre-litigation demands.

The settlements in principle of the pending actions and stockholder demands are subject to a number of conditions, including confirmatory discovery for the Securities Class Action, the execution and delivery of definitive settlement agreements reflecting the terms of the settlements in principle, obtaining preliminary court approval of the settlements, providing notice to stockholders of the proposed settlements, and obtaining final, non-appealable approvals by the respective courts. The timing of completion of the settlement agreements and filing motions to seek court approvals are uncertain. However, we will be endeavoring to finalize and execute the settlement agreements and have motions for preliminary approval submitted to the relevant courts by mid-May 2024. Additionally, the timing of any final decision by any of the respective courts is subject to the discretion of such court and any potential appeal. Ampio currently expects the amount to be paid in both settlements, including related defense costs, will be covered by, and within the limits of, its D&O insurance policies. If defense costs or the amounts associated with the settlements of the pending actions and stockholder demands exceed Ampio’s current expectation, its insurance coverage may not be adequate to cover the amounts incurred by the Company including as a result of its indemnification obligations to its current and former officers and directors.

Accordingly, there can be no assurance that the settlements in principle of the pending actions and stockholder demands will be finalized or approved by the respective courts, or that the settlements will be completed as currently proposed, or at any particular time. Additionally, the settlements in principle do not affect the ongoing investigation by the SEC. We intend to continue to cooperate fully with the SEC.

Our provisional patent applications and proprietary rights in OA-201 may be of limited value.

As part of the OA-201 program, we own a number of United States provisional patent applications covering our proprietary small molecule pharmaceutical formulations, as well as their therapeutic uses and manufacturing processes. Given that we have ceased efforts to continue to develop OA-201, our provisional patent applications and rights in OA-201 may be of limited value. Even if these provisional patent applications and rights have some value, we may not be able to adequately protect our rights due to our limited cash resources.

Risks Related to Our Common Stock

The price of our stock has been extremely volatile and may continue to be volatile and fluctuate substantially, which could result in substantial losses for purchasers of our common stock.

The price of our common stock has been extremely volatile. We expect that volatility to continue as a result of our delisting from the NYSE American and Exchange Act deregistration. In addition to delisting, deregistration and the other factors described in this section, the following factors may also have a significant impact on the market price of our common stock:

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A significant drop in the price of our stock could expose us to the risk of securities class action lawsuits, which could result in substantial costs and divert management’s attention and resources, which could adversely affect our business.

With the Board approval to delist our stock, we expect a negative impact on the price of our stock and the ability to sell our common stock in the public market.

Currently, our common stock is listed on the NYSE American. Because of our current non-compliance with the NYSE American listing requirements relating to minimum stockholders’ equity and likely other continuing listing standards and, in addition, the expense associated with continuing the listing on the NYSE American, the Board of Directors determined to pursue voluntary delisting of Ampio’s common stock from the NYSE American as part of its cash conservation plan.

Following delisting of our common stock from NYSE American, the Company anticipates that the common stock would be quoted on the Pink Open Market operated by OTC Markets Group Inc. (the “OTC”) under the same symbol (“AMPE”).

If our common stock trades on the OTC market, an investor would find it more difficult to dispose of, or to obtain accurate quotations for the price of, our common stock for various reasons, including:

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Additionally, delisting from the NYSE American will likely affect the ability or willingness of certain counterparties to engage in certain transactions with us, such as a reverse merger or recapitalization.

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None.

Item 1C. Cybersecurity.

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In July 2023, the SEC adopted rules requiring registrants to disclose material cybersecurity incidents they experience and to disclose on an annual basis material information regarding their cybersecurity risk management, strategy, and governance.

Given our current environment and structure of the Company, we outsourced a majority of our information technology functions in 2023, including but not limited to hosting and security access and cybersecurity generally, to third-party service providers. We relied primarily on third parties to assess, identify and manage material risks from cybersecurity threats. Our agreements with these third parties obligated these parties to provide us with various notifications and reports that help our management oversee and identify material risks from cybersecurity threats associated with our use of these third-party service providers.

Cybersecurity threats are just one of the many risks that we face. While we have not experienced a cyber-security incident, there is no assurance that we will not be impacted in the future. In 2023, risks from cybersecurity threats did not materially affect and were not reasonably likely to materially affect Ampio except to the extent that our management of risks from cybersecurity threats was reflected in our overall operations strategy in 2023. Like many of the specialized or highly technical functions within our company, we believe we obtained a greater depth of support and relevant expertise from third-party IT and cybersecurity resources at an overall lower cost profile than hiring our own employees.

Under the charter of our Audit Committee, the Audit Committee oversees management’s development and implementation of policies with respect to risk assessment and risk management, which includes risks associated with cybersecurity threats. In 2023, the Audit Committee also discussed with management the Company’s significant financial risk exposures and the actions management had taken to limit, monitor, control or mitigate such exposures. Our executive officers are responsible for managing risks from cybersecurity threats, which was primarily performed in 2023 by overseeing third parties involved in the management and monitoring of IT systems. Our executive officers also received reporting and information from third parties in 2023. Our management regularly reported to the Audit Committee on these risks. The Audit Committee also received reports from our legal counsel and internal auditors on cybersecurity matters. Currently, the Audit Committee also comprises the entire Board so we believe there is direct visibility by the Board to cybersecurity risk management.

Item 2.Properties.

We lease space located in Englewood, Colorado, for monthly minimum lease payments of approximately $30,000. The lease expires on September 30, 2024. Effective March 1, 2023, we entered into a sublease agreement with the consent of the landlord pursuant to which we sublease this Englewood, Colorado leased space for a term commencing on March 1, 2023 and continuing until the expiration of the lease on September 30, 2024.

Currently, we lease a flexible office space that serves as our principal executive offices. The address of the Company’s principal executive offices is 9800 Mount Pyramid Court, Suite 400, Englewood, Colorado 80112.

Item 3. Legal Proceedings.

From time to time, the Company may be a party to litigation arising in the ordinary course of business. As of December 31, 2023, Ampio was involved in the material pending legal proceedings summarized in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2023 and, with respect to the pending securities fraud class action, Case Number 22-cv-2105-WJM-MEH, updated as follows:

On November 17, 2023, the parties (other than deceased defendant Macaluso) filed a Joint Stipulated Unopposed Motion to Extend Deadlines advising the Court that the parties had agreed to engage in a mediation to be conducted by January 5, 2024, and requesting that the Court vacate the time for all defendants to answer, move or otherwise respond to the Amended Complaint. The motion further requested that the parties be permitted to file a status report advising the Court within five (5) days of the mediation either being successful or being declared at impasse. On November 20, 2023, the Court granted the motion. The mediation took place on January 4, 2024.

Settlement in Principle of Certain Legal Proceedings

On January 11, 2024, we announced that a settlement in principle had been reached in the pending securities fraud class action, Case Number 22-cv-2105-WJM-MEH (the “Securities Class Action”), and the pending consolidated derivative

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actions in the United States District Court for the District of Colorado, Case Number 22-cv-2803-KLM (the “Consolidated Derivative Actions”).

The settlements are subject to various conditions, including confirmatory discovery in the Securities Class Action, negotiation and execution of the full settlement agreements and obtaining court approval in each action. On January 9, 2024, Ampio along with the other parties to each case filed status reports in both the Securities Class Action and the Consolidated Derivative Actions, advising the respective courts of the status of the settlements in principle. The settlement of the Consolidated Derivative Actions is supported by the plaintiff in the pending Colorado state court derivative action, Case Number 2023CV30287, as well as two stockholders who previously submitted pre-litigation demand letters to the Company’s Board of Directors. Based on the parties’ status report, the Court in the Consolidated Derivative Actions has ordered the parties to file either settlement documents or status reports every 30 days since. The parties to the Consolidated Derivative Actions have filed further status reports with the Court advising that the settlement documentation is still being finalized. The parties to the Consolidated Derivative Actions are still negotiating details of the settlement.

Ampio currently expects the amount to be paid in both settlements, including related defense costs, will be covered by, and within the limits of, its D&O insurance policies. We expect the payment is at least equal to the amount offered in the settlement in principle, which totals approximately $3.0 million for the Securities Class Action and $0.5 million for the Consolidated Derivative Actions and will be paid by the insurance carriers directly to the respective parties. The settlements in principle do not constitute any admission of fault, wrongdoing or liability as to the Company or any other defendant. While the timing of completion of the settlement agreements and filing motions to seek court approvals are uncertain, the Company will be endeavoring to finalize and execute the settlement agreements and have motions for preliminary approval submitted to the relevant courts within 120 days from the parties advising the respective courts of the status of the settlement in principle. If finally approved by the relevant courts, the settlements will result in the dismissal with prejudice of all of the pending actions and the withdrawal of the two stockholder pre-litigation demands.

SEC Investigation

The settlements in principle do not affect the ongoing investigation by the Securities and Exchange Commission, which also was previously reported by Ampio in its Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2023. Ampio intends to continue to cooperate fully with the SEC.

Item 4.Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

PART II

Market Information

Our common stock currently trades on the NYSE American under the ticker symbol “AMPE.” As described above, the Board of Directors determined to pursue voluntary delisting of Ampio’s common stock from the NYSE American. After delisting, the Company expects to suspend the Company’s reporting obligations under Sections 13 and 15(d) of the Exchange Act and deregister the Common Stock under Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act.

Holders of Common Stock

As of the first day of Ampio’s fiscal year 2024 (January 1, 2024), Ampio had 96 holders of record of its common stock. As of March 15, 2024, there were 96 holders of record of its common stock.

Equity Compensation Plan Information

Information regarding our equity compensation plans is incorporated by reference from Part III, Item 12 “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.”

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Item 6.[Reserved]

Item 7.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with our financial statements and the related notes appearing elsewhere in this report. Some of the information contained in this discussion and analysis, including information with respect to our plans and strategy for our business and related financings, includes forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. You should read the “Risk Factors” section of this Form 10-K for a discussion of important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results described in or implied by the forward-looking statements contained in the following discussion and analysis.

Critical Accounting Policies, Estimates and Judgments

Our financial statements were prepared in accordance with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”). The preparation of the financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of expenses incurred during the reporting period. On an on-going basis, management evaluates its estimates and judgments. Management bases its estimates and judgments on historical experience and on various other factors that are believed to be reasonable and appropriate under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. The methods, estimates, and judgments used by us in applying these critical accounting policies have a significant impact on the results we report in our financial statements. Additional information regarding our critical accounting policies and estimates is contained in Notes 2, 6, 8 and 10 to the Financial Statements. We consider the following accounting estimates to be those that are most important to the portrayal of our financial condition and that require a higher degree of judgment.

Insurance Recovery Receivable

We reached the retention limit of $2.5 million under our D&O insurance policy during the second quarter of 2023 related to the SEC investigation and class action and derivative lawsuits, which were initiated during the second half of 2022 and continued through the 2023 period. As such, we estimate the percentage of legal invoices that will be reimbursed by the insurance carrier to determine the proper amount to record for the insurance recovery receivable, which offsets the legal fees incurred. The insurance recovery receivable estimate is based off previous insurance reimbursement. During the 2023 period, the average insurance recovery of legal fees was approximately 98% of legal fees incurred. Although we do not expect our estimates to be materially different from the amounts actually received, our understanding of the insurance carriers review and reimbursement process may vary and may result in the reporting of amounts that are too high or too low for any particular period. To date, there have not been any material adjustments to our prior estimates of the insurance recovery receivable.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Information regarding recently issued and relevant accounting standards (adopted and not adopted as of December 31, 2023) is contained in Note 2 to the Financial Statements.

Results of Operations—Year Ended December 31, 2023 Compared to December 31, 2022

We recognized a net loss for the year ended December 31, 2023 (the “2023 period”) of $8.6 million compared to the net loss recognized of $16.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 (the “2022 period”). The net loss during the 2023 period was primarily attributable to operating expenses of $9.6 million; partially offset by interest income and rental income of $0.3 million and $0.3 million, respectively, in addition to a non-cash gain from the elimination of an asset retirement obligation (“ARO”) of $0.3 million. The net loss during the 2022 period was primarily attributable to operating expenses of $22.3 million, which included a $1.9 million impairment loss related to long-lived and ROU assets; partially offset by the non-cash derivative gain and interest income of $5.8 million and $0.2 million, respectively. Operating expenses decreased $12.7 million, or 57%, from the 2022 period to the 2023 period primarily due to a (i) $6.5 million, or 73% decrease in research and development costs, (ii) $4.4 million, or 38%, decrease in general and

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administrative costs, (iii) and no recognition of impairment loss associated with the Company’s long-lived and ROU assets, which totaled $1.9 million during the 2022 period.

Research and Development

Research and development costs decreased by approximately $6.5 million, or 73%, for the 2023 period compared to the 2022 period. Research and development costs with variances above $175,000 and 10% are further explained below.

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Professional Fees

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Professional fees expense increased $36,000, or 5%, from 2022 to 2023. The increase is attributable primarily to costs we incurred during the 2023 period related to contractor fees for drug development and related advisory services for the OA-201 development program as part of our human capital resources strategy; partially offset by costs incurred related to a contracted Chief Medical Officer services required during the 2022 period, to assist with the final closeout of the Ampion clinical trials.

Operations/Manufacturing

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Operations/manufacturing expenses increased $0.5 million, or 161%, from 2022 to 2023 as a result of the CDMO agreement, which was executed during the third quarter of 2023 and the completion of the OA-201 development milestones through the end of the 2023 period. This increase is partially offset by the shut-down and discontinued use/support of the cleanroom and overall manufacturing facility which completed in the second half 2022.

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Laboratory

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Laboratory operations/manufacturing expenses decreased $0.5 million, or 57%, from 2022 to 2023 as a result of the shift to outsourced non-clinical lab work related to the continued development of OA-201, which commenced during the first quarter of 2023. During the 2022 period we conducted laboratory operations to support the AP-017 and AP-019 clinical trials, combined with outsourced services to support the development of AR-300. This decrease is partially offset by the non-clinical trials conducted with research institutions for the OA-201 program during the fourth quarter of 2023, which is included in the Professional Fees line item above. In February and March 2024, we terminated agreements with research institutions relating to the non-clinical studies.

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Salaries and benefits

Salaries and benefits expenses decreased $2.4 million, or 88%, from 2022 to 2023 as a result of the reduction in force (“RIF”) which was implemented in third quarter 2022 and completed in early first quarter 2023, which resulted in a 78% reduction of our workforce and the termination of a certain officer.

Depreciation

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Depreciation expense decreased by $0.9 million, or 88%, from 2022 to 2023 as a result of (i) the initial impairment of our long-lived assets in third quarter 2022, with a final adjustment in March 2023, as a result of the sublease of the Ampio’s premises and (ii) a sale of all existing personal property to the subtenant in conjunction with the provisions of the sublease agreement.

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Clinical trial and sponsored research expenses

The clinical trial and sponsored research expenses decreased by approximately $3.0 million, or 100%, from 2022 to 2023 primarily due to the close-out efforts relating to the AP-017 and AP-019 studies reflecting costs totaling $2.3 million during the 2022 period. In addition, we incurred $0.7 million during the 2022 period related to the final close-out of the AP-013 clinical trial. The Company was not engaged in any clinical trials during the 2023 period.

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General and Administrative

General and administrative expenses decreased $4.4 million, or 38%, for the 2023 period compared to the 2022 period. General and administrative costs with variances above $175,000 and 10% are further explained below.

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Professional fees

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Professional fees decreased $2.7 million, or 39%, from 2022 to 2023 due primarily to the SEC investigation and class action and derivative lawsuits that were initiated in second half of 2022 and continued through the 2023 period. The retention limit of $2.5 million under the Company’s D&O insurance policy was reached during the second quarter of 2023. As such, the legal defense costs for the 2023 period representing covered claims as further defined under the provisions of the D&O policy, were offset by an insurance recovery totaling $3.3 million. Professional fees in the 2022 period primarily related to investigations conducted by the independent special committee of our Board of Directors. In addition, consulting expenses decreased approximately $1.1 million, as we discontinued certain contracts associated with analyzing potential strategic alternatives.

Salaries and benefits

Salaries and benefit expense decreased $0.4 million, or 25%, from 2022 to 2023 as a result of lower weighted average incremental headcount during the 2023 period resulting from the termination of a former officer and the RIF which was initiated in third quarter 2022.

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Facilities

Facilities expense decreased $0.3 million, or 64%, from 2022 to 2023 as a result of the execution of the sublease agreement in March 2023, which resulted in the transfer of all utilities and operating costs of the premises to the subtenant and the full write-off of the ROU asset and future amortization (rent expense).

Share-based Compensation

Share-based compensation expense decreased $0.6 million, or 77%, from 2022 to 2023 as a result of forfeitures and cancellations of unvested stock options from employee terminations and board resignations in 2022.

Impairment of Long-lived Fixed and ROU Assets

In accordance with ASC Topic 360, Property, Plant and Equipment, the Company assesses all of its long-lived assets for impairment when impairment indicators are identified. Based on the assessment performed on September 30, 2022, the Company recorded a non-cash impairment related to its long-lived assets which was triggered by the Company’s

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announcement during the third quarter reporting period that it was discontinuing further development of its lead development asset, Ampion. Since the carrying value of the long-lived assets exceeded its undiscounted cash flows, an impairment loss, calculated as the difference between carrying value and fair value, was necessary. Accordingly, the Company recorded a $1.6 million impairment loss for the year ended December 31, 2022 through a direct reduction to the cost basis of the affected assets in its balance sheet.

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In addition, the Company performed an assessment of potential impairment of the ROU asset consistent with the approach applied to other long-lived assets. ROU assets are reviewed for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. Determination of recoverability is based on an estimate of undiscounted future cash flows resulting from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated future undiscounted cash flows, an impairment loss is recorded for the excess of the asset’s carrying amount over its fair value. Accordingly, the Company recorded a $0.3 million impairment loss on the ROU asset for the year ended December 31, 2022.

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There were no impairment charges for the year ended December 31, 2023.

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Other Income

Other income is summarized as follows:

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Other income

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We recognized interest income of $0.3 million during the 2023 period, which increased $0.1 million from the 2022 period. The increase is attributable to an increase in interest rates since the third quarter of 2022, partially offset by the decrease in cash and cash equivalents. We also recognized a non-cash gain of $0.3 million related to the elimination of its ARO and derecognition of the ARO asset in conjunction with the sublease agreement entered into on March 1, 2023. In addition, we also recognized $0.3 million of rental income associated with the sublease agreement during the 2023 period. There was no derivative gain on the fair value of warrant liability during the 2023 period due to the adoption of ASU 2020-06 which converted the warrant liability to stockholder’s equity effective January 1, 2023.

Cash Flows

Cash flows for the respective periods are as follows:

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Net Cash Used in Operating Activities

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During the 2023 period, our operating activities used approximately $8.6 million in cash and cash equivalents, which is consistent with our reported net loss of $8.6 million.

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During the 2022 period, our operating activities used approximately $21.1 million in cash and cash equivalents, which was more than our reported net loss of $16.3 million. The difference of approximately $4.8 million is attributable to a non-cash adjustment of $5.8 million related to the warrant derivative gain and a decrease in accounts payable and accrued expenses of $4.0 million, partially offset by non-cash charges related to impairment loss, depreciation, accretion,

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amortization and stock-based compensation totaling $3.9 million and decreases in prepaid expenses and other of $1.1

million.

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Net Cash Used in Investing Activities

During the 2023 period and the 2022 period, there was no change in cash related to investing activities.

Net Cash Used in (Provided by) Financing Activities

During the 2023 period, we generated gross proceeds of $0.1 million from the sale of 28,826 shares of common stock from the ATM Agreement, which was offset by offering related costs of $0.1 million.

During the 2022 period, we settled a tax liability of $79,000 related to the vesting of restricted stock awards. As a result of the settlement, the Company withheld 9,234 common shares for taxes which represented the fair value of the tax settlement. In addition, the Company paid $32,000 in offering costs in 2022 related to the registered direct offering, which was finalized in December 2021.

Contractual Obligations and Commitments

Our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2023 primarily consist of employment agreements, CDMO agreement, non-clinical agreements with laboratories, and a non-cancellable operating lease arrangement for our office and manufacturing facility. As of December 31, 2023, the value of our obligation under our non-cancellable operating lease arrangement was $0.3 million. For a more detailed description of our contractual obligations see Note 6 to the Financial Statements.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Since inception, we have not generated operating revenue, profits or operating cash flow. Over this period, we have continued to be focused on research and non-clinical/clinical development, all of which has required raising a substantial amount of capital.

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As of December 31, 2023, we had $4.1 million of cash and cash equivalents and an insurance recovery receivable of $0.9 million. As of February 29, 2024, we had $3.4 million in cash and cash equivalents and $0.5 million of an insurance recovery receivable. While we continued to implement cost reductions in 2023 and additional cost reductions in February and March 2024, we have finite cash resources available to fund our now limited operations. Our activities currently consist of taking steps to preserve cash to adequately fund an orderly wind down of the Company’s operations and to maximize the Company’s cash position and pursuit of the resolution of currently pending legal proceedings. Consistent with this goal, on March 25, 2024, the Board of Directors determined to pursue voluntary delisting of Ampio’s common stock from the NYSE American. After delisting, the Company expects to suspend its reporting obligations under the Exchange Act and deregister its common stock under Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act.

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Our lack of operating revenue or cash inflows and our cash resources at December 31, 2023 raise substantial doubt as to our ability to continue as a going concern. The financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2023 do not include any adjustments to reflect the future effects on the recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and classifications of liabilities that will likely result when the Company is unable to continue as a going concern.

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While the Board of Directors remains open to strategic options, given our prior efforts to develop similar strategic options, the Board of Directors believes that more likely options include the liquidation and wind up of the Company through a dissolution pursuant to a plan of liquidation and dissolution that would be subject to Board and stockholder approval or bankruptcy (should our net assets decline to levels that would require such action).

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Item 7A.        Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

Not applicable.

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Item 8.         Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

The Financial Statements and Supplementary Data required by this item are in Item 15 of Part IV, “Index to Financial Statements” at page F-1 of this annual report on Form 10-K and are incorporated herein by reference.

Item 9.         Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.

None.

Item 9A.      Controls and Procedures.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our “disclosure controls and procedures” (as defined in Rule 13a-15(b) of the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based upon this evaluation, the CEO and CFO concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report.

Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining “internal controls over financial reporting” (as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act). Our management assessed the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023. In making this assessment, our management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013). Our management has concluded that, as of December 31, 2023, our internal controls over financial reporting are effective based on these criteria.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the period covered by this report that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Item 9B.          Other Information.

Employment Agreement

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On March 25, 2024, the Board of Directors determined to terminate the employment of Daniel G. Stokely, the Company’s Chief Financial Officer, effective March 31, 2024 in order to preserve cash to adequately fund an orderly wind down of the Company’s operations and to maximize the Company’s cash position. Pursuant to his employment agreement, Mr. Stokely will be entitled to severance and COBRA reimbursement, conditioned on, among other things, Mr. Stokely delivering and not revoking a general release of claims against the Company.

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Michael A. Martino, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, will assume the role of Chief Financial Officer following Mr. Stokely’s departure.

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Rule 10b5-1 Trading Arrangements

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During the quarter ended December 31, 2023, none of our directors or officers adopted or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or a “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as such terms are defined under Item 408(a) Regulation S-K.

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Item 9C.          Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections.

Not Applicable.

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PART III

Item 10.        Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.

The following table sets forth the names, ages and positions of our directors and our executive officers as of March 15, 2024.

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Michael A. Martino has served as a director of the Company since October 2021 and was appointed by the Board of Directors as our CEO on November 22, 2021. Mr. Martino previously served as President, Chief Executive Officer and a director of HemaFlo Therapeutics Inc., a private company focused on the treatment of acute kidney injury, since January 2016. Prior to HemaFlo, Mr. Martino was President and Chief Executive Officer of Ambit Biosciences, a company focused on the development of a drug to treat acute myeloid leukemia, from November 2011 to November 2014. Under his leadership, Ambit initiated a large, multi-national Phase III study; secured $25 million in private financing; completed a $90 million initial public offering; and ultimately sold the company to a large, Japanese pharmaceutical company for $450 million in cash plus future milestone payments. Mr. Martino also previously served as President, Chief Executive Officer and a director of Arzeda, a synthetic biology company, and Sonus Pharmaceuticals, an oncology drug development company. In addition, Mr. Martino currently serves on the board of Caravan Biologix, a private company primarily focused on the development of novel oncology drugs, and was a founding director at Excision BioTherapeutics, Inc. Mr. Martino has a BBA from Roanoke College, where he served as a Trustee from 2016 to 2020, and a MBA from Virginia Tech. Mr. Martino has extensive experience in life sciences and his experience as the chief executive officer and director of other pharmaceutical companies, both public and private, leading drug development from preclinical through Phase 3 clinical trials, transacting mergers, and leading capital raises are the attributes that qualify him to serve as a member of our Board.

David R. Stevens, Ph.D., has served as a member of our Board since June 2011. Dr. Stevens has worked in the U.S. Food and Drug Administration regulated life science industry since 1978. He has also been a consulting research pathologist since December 2006 for Premier Laboratory, LLC. He has been a board member of Cetya, Inc. since December 2013. He has served on the boards of several other public and private life science companies, including Micro-Imaging Solutions, LLC (from 2007 to 2018), Poniard Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (from 2004 to 2013), Aqua Bounty Technologies, Inc. (from 2002 to 2012), Advanced Cosmetic Intervention, Inc. (from 2006 to 2011) and Smart Drug Systems, Inc. (from 1999 to 2006), and was an advisor to Bay City Capital (from 1999 to 2006). Dr. Stevens was previously President and CEO of Deprenyl Animal Health, Inc., a public veterinary pharmaceutical company, from 1990 to 1998, and Vice President, Research and Development, of Agrion Corp., a private biotechnology company, from 1986 to 1988. He began his career in pharmaceutical research and development at the former Upjohn Company, where he contributed to the preclinical evaluation of Xanax and Halcion. Dr. Stevens received B.S. and D.V.M. degrees from Washington State University, and a Ph.D. in comparative pathology from the University of California, Davis. He is a Diplomate of the American College of Veterinary Pathologists. Dr. Stevens’ experience in executive management in the pharmaceutical industry and knowledge of the medical device industry are the attributes that qualify him to serve as a member of our Board.

J. Kevin Buchi has served as a member of our Board since October 2021. Mr. Buchi, who previously served as the lead independent director, was elected as Chair of the Board on May 28, 2022. Mr. Buchi is the former President and Chief Executive Officer of Cephalon, Inc., having also served as corporate vice president of global branded products at Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Limited after Teva acquired Cephalon in October 2011. Mr. Buchi also served as President and Chief Executive Officer of TetraLogic Pharmaceuticals and of Biospecifics Technologies. Mr. Buchi joined Cephalon in 1991 and held various leadership positions during his tenure, including Chief Financial Officer and Chief Operating Officer, before becoming Cephalon’s Chief Executive Officer in 2010. In addition, Mr. Buchi currently serves as a Director of Amneal Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Benitec Biopharma Ltd. Mr. Buchi previously served on the boards of

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several pharmaceutical companies, including Dicerna Pharmaceuticals, EPIRUS Biopharmaceuticals, Inc., Alexza Pharmaceuticals, Inc., and Forward Pharma A/S. He holds a B.A. in Chemistry from Cornell University and a Master of Management, Accounting, and Finance from the Northwestern University Kellogg School of Management. Mr. Buchi has served on our board since October 2021. Mr. Buchi’s extensive experience as a senior executive and board member in the pharmaceutical industry provide him with knowledge of a broad range of unique insights into the industry of our business, and these are the attributes that qualify him to serve as a member of our Board.

Elizabeth Varki Jobes has served as a member of our Board since February 2022. Ms. Jobes has nearly three decades of legal and compliance experience. As a practicing attorney, she has built and guided compliance and legal programs for small and medium-size biopharmaceutical corporations. She currently serves as Global Chief Compliance Officer at Immunocore Ltd, where she leads the development and implementation of a global compliance program. For the prior three years (2020-2023) she was Senior Vice President, Global Chief Compliance officer for Amryt Pharmaceuticals which was formed in 2020 following the acquisition of Aegerion Pharmaceuticals. In December 2023, Amryt was acquired by Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A. In January of 2023, Ms. Jobes joined the board of directors of Blue Foundry Bank (the “Bank”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Blue Foundry Bancorp (NASDAQ: BLFY), where she is also a member of the Bank’s Audit Committee. Previously, Ms. Jobes held leadership positions at many biopharmaceutical companies, including: Senior Vice President, Chief Compliance Officer North America for EMD Serono, Inc.; Global Chief Compliance Officer and Legal Counsel for Spark Therapeutics, Inc.; Senior Vice President, Chief Compliance Officer for Auxilium Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; Vice President, Chief Compliance Officer for Adolor Corporation; and Senior Director, Global Compliance for Cephalon, Inc. and Board Member for Eyam Vaccines, Inc. Mrs. Jobes’ extensive experience as a senior executive in the pharmaceutical industry, with an extensive focus developing and implementing industry specific regulatory and compliance programs for small to medium-size biopharmaceutical companies, are the attributes that qualify her to serve as a member of our Board.

Daniel G. Stokely has served as our CFO and Secretary since July 2019 and has more than 30 years of experience in finance and accounting. He began his career at Deloitte & Touche and since that time, he has spent the majority of his career in positions of financial leadership within both publicly traded and privately held pharmaceutical companies. Most recently, since 2012, he served as Executive Vice President and CFO of Sentynl Therapeutics Inc., a privately held specialty pharmaceutical company focused on licensing, acquisition, marketing, and distribution of development stage and commercially marketed prescription pain products, which was sold to Cadila Healthcare Ltd. in January 2017. From 2004 to 2012, Mr. Stokely served as Vice President of Finance and Chief Accounting Officer (“CAO”) of Victory Pharma, a privately held specialty pharmaceutical company focused on in licensing, internal product development, marketing, and distribution of pain specialty products, which was sold to Shionogi, Inc., a Japanese pharmaceutical company, in 2011. From 2001 to 2004, Mr. Stokely served as the Corporate Controller and CAO for Wireless Facilities, Inc. (currently Kratos Defense & Security Solutions, Inc.), a publicly traded, global provider of communications and security services for the wireless communications industry. From 1994 to 2001, Mr. Stokely served as Corporate Controller of Dura Pharmaceuticals, a publicly traded pharmaceutical company that was sold to Elan Pharmaceuticals in late 2000. He has a B.S. degree in accounting from San Diego State University and is a Certified Public Accountant licensed in California.

Code of Business Conduct and Ethics

We have adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics that is applicable to all our employees, officers, and directors, all of which have read, acknowledged, and agreed to comply with such code. The code is available free of charge on our web site, www.ampiopharma.com, under the “Investors” tab. We intend to disclose future amendments to, or waivers from, certain provisions of our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, if any, on the above website within four business days following the date of such amendment or waiver.

Committees of the Board

Our Board has an Audit Committee, a Compensation Committee and a Nominating and Governance Committee, each of which has the composition and the responsibilities described below. The Audit Committee, Compensation Committee, and Nominating and Governance Committee operate under separate charters approved by our Board. The charters for each committee are available on our website at www.ampiopharma.com/corporate-governance/. Our Board of Directors may from time to time establish other committees.

Audit Committee. Our Audit Committee, established in accordance with Section 3(a)(58)(A) of the Exchange Act, oversees our corporate accounting and financial reporting process. This committee also assists our Board in monitoring

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our financial systems and our legal and regulatory compliance. Our Audit Committee is responsible for, among other things:

The members of our Audit Committee are Mr. Buchi (chair), Dr. Stevens and Ms. Jobes. Our Board has determined that each member of the Audit Committee meets the financial literacy requirements of the national securities exchanges and the SEC, and Mr. Buchi qualifies as our Audit Committee financial expert as defined under SEC rules and regulations. Our Board has concluded that the composition of our Audit Committee meets the requirements for independence under the current requirements of the NYSE American and SEC rules and regulations. In 2023, there were four meetings of the Audit Committee.

Compensation Committee. Our Compensation Committee oversees our compensation policies, plans and programs. The Compensation Committee is responsible for, among other things:

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The members of our Compensation Committee are Dr. Stevens (chair), Mr. Buchi and Ms. Jobes. Each member of our Compensation Committee is a non-employee director, as defined in Rule 16b-3 promulgated under the Exchange Act, and satisfies the independence requirements of the NYSE American. We believe that the composition of our Compensation Committee meets the requirements for independence under the applicable requirements of the NYSE American and SEC rules and regulations.

In 2023, our Compensation Committee met one-time and took action by written consent on a number of occasions. However, from time to time, various members of management and other employees as well as outside advisors or consultants may be invited by the Compensation Committee to make presentations, to provide financial or other background information or advice or to otherwise participate in Compensation Committee meetings. Our CEO may not participate in, or be present during, any deliberations or determinations of the Compensation Committee regarding his compensation or individual performance objectives. Our Compensation Committee has the sole authority to retain compensation consultants to assist in its evaluation of executive and director compensation, including the authority to approve the consultant’s reasonable fees and other retention terms. In general, the Compensation Committee has set executive compensation to be in line with peer companies identified by the Compensation Committee and to incentivize the Company’s executive officers to achieve the Company’s corporate goals.

In fulfilling its responsibilities, the Compensation Committee is permitted under its charter to delegate any or all of its responsibilities to a subcommittee comprised of members of the Compensation Committee or the Board, except that the Compensation Committee may not delegate its responsibilities for any matters that involve compensation of any officer or any matters where it has determined such compensation is intended to be exempt from Section 16(b) under the Exchange Act pursuant to Rule 16b-3 by virtue of being approved by a committee of independent or nonemployee directors.

Nominating and Governance Committee. Our Nominating and Governance Committee oversees and assists our Board in reviewing and recommending corporate governance policies and nominees for election to our Board. The Nominating and Governance Committee is responsible for, among other things:

The members of our Nominating and Governance Committee are currently Ms. Jobes (chair) and Dr. Stevens. Our Board has determined that each member of our Nominating and Governance Committee satisfies the independence requirements of the NYSE American. In 2023, our Nominating and Governance Committee did not meet but, took action by written consent.

The Nominating and Governance Committee charter provides that the Nominating and Governance Committee will review periodically with the Chairman of the Board the succession plans relating to the Chief Executive Officer and other corporate officer positions. In October 2023, the Company and Mr. Martino, our Chief Executive Officer, entered into an amendment to Mr. Martino employment agreement to change the term of the employment agreement in order to continue the services of Mr. Martino. The term changed from one ending on November 22, 2023 to an indefinite term.

As noted in Item 1, on November 9, 2022, the Company effected a 15-to-1 reverse stock split. On September 12, 2023, the Company effected a 20-to-1 reverse stock split. The Company has retroactively applied the reverse stock splits to share and per share amounts in the financial statements as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. Additionally,

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pursuant to their terms, a proportionate adjustment was made to the per share exercise price and number of shares issuable under all the Company’s outstanding options under the 2010/2019 Stock and Incentive Plans, the number of shares of restricted stock outstanding under the 2010/2019 Stock and Incentive Plans, and common stock warrants, with any fractional shares rounded up to the next whole share. The number of shares authorized for issuance pursuant to the 2023 Plan was not impacted by the 20-to-1 reverse stock split (see Note 10 for additional information). The Company also retroactively applied such adjustments in the notes to the condensed financial statements as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The reverse stock split did not reduce the number of authorized shares of common stock and preferred stock and did not alter the par value.

Clawback Policy

In October 2023, the Board of Directors adopted a Compensation Recoupment Policy (the “Policy”) in order to comply with Section 311 of the NYSE American Company Guide and Rule 10D-1 promulgated under the Exchange Act. The Policy will be administered by the Compensation Committee of the Board consisting solely of directors that are “independent” under rules of the NYSE American or, in the absence of such committee, the independent directors serving on the Board of Directors (acting by a majority).

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The Policy provides for the mandatory recovery of erroneously awarded incentive-based compensation from current and

former executive officers (each, a “Covered Officer”) of the Company in the event of any required accounting restatement

of the financial statements of the Company due to the material noncompliance of the Company with any financial reporting

requirement under the applicable U.S. federal securities laws, including any required accounting restatement to correct an

error in previously issued financial statements that is material to the previously issued financial statements, or that would result in a material misstatement if the error were corrected in the current period or left uncorrected in the current period.

Under the Policy, the Company must recoup from the Covered Officer erroneously awarded incentive compensation received within a lookback period of the three completed fiscal years preceding the date on which the Company is required to prepare such accounting restatement, as well as any required transition period resulting from a change in the Company’s

fiscal year.

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Named Executive Officers

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, our named executive officers were: (i) Michael A. Martino, who has served as our CEO since November 2021 and (ii) Daniel G. Stokely, who has served as our CFO since July 2019. We had no other executive officers serving during the year ended December 31, 2023.

The following table shows, for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, compensation awarded to, paid to, or earned by our named executive officers.

Summary Compensation Table

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Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End

The following table provides a summary of stock options outstanding for each of the named executive officers as of December 31, 2023:

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The following table provides a summary of restricted stock awards outstanding for each of the named executive officers as of December 31, 2023.

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Employment Agreements

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On November 22, 2021, the Company entered into a one-year employment agreement (the “Martino Employment Agreement”) with Michael A. Martino, the Company’s CEO. The Martino Employment Agreement provided for an annual salary of $550,000, and an annual discretionary bonus of up to 50% of Mr. Martino’s base salary, with the exact amount to be determined by the Compensation Committee of the Board based on achievement of individual and Company performance objectives. On August 30, 2022, the Company executed a first amendment to the Martino Employment Agreement, extending the employment term to November 22, 2023, with all other terms and conditions of the Martino Employment Agreement remaining unchanged. On October 1, 2023, the Company executed a second amendment to the Martino Employment Agreement, which changed the term of the agreement from a term ending on November 22, 2023 to an indefinite term, with all other terms and conditions of the Martino Employment Agreement remaining unchanged.

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On October 11, 2021, the Company entered into a new three-year employment agreement (the “Stokely Employment Agreement”) with Daniel G. Stokely, the Company’s CFO and principal financial officer. The Stokely Employment Agreement supersedes and replaces the Company’s prior employment agreement with Mr. Stokely entered into on July 9, 2019. The Stokely Employment Agreement provides for an annual base salary of $335,000 and an annual discretionary bonus of up to 50% of Mr. Stokely’s base salary, with the exact amount to be determined by the Compensation Committee of the Board based on achievement of individual and Company performance objectives.

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For 2023, the Compensation Committee did not set performance objectives for either Mr. Martino or Mr. Stokely given the nature of the challenges facing the Company and the Company’s cash position. Accordingly, the Company did not pay a discretionary annual bonus to either Mr. Martino or Mr. Stokely.

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Under their respective agreements, the employment of Mr. Martino and Mr. Stokely may also be terminated by the Company immediately upon notice with or without Cause or as a result of the officer’s disability, or by the officer with or without Good Reason. If the Company terminates the employment of Mr. Martino or Mr. Stokely for Cause, if the officer resigns as an employee of the Company other than for Good Reason, or the officer dies, then Ampio is obligated to pay the executive only his accrued compensation and will have no obligation to pay severance or other compensation any kind.

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If the officer’s employment is terminated by the Company without Cause or by the Named Executive Officer for Good Reason, the officer would be entitled to a lump sum severance payment equal to 0.5 times his base salary in effect at the date of termination, less applicable withholding. In addition, the vesting and exercisability of all then outstanding options held by the Named Executive Officer would accelerate in full and remain exercisable for a period of three years from the date of termination. The officer would also be entitled to the continued participation (via state or federal insurance

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continuation laws such as COBRA, to the extent available) in health and welfare plans provided by the Company at the time of termination for a period of two years from the date of termination or, if earlier, until the officer is eligible for other employer sponsored group health coverage with a subsequent employer.

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Any severance payments and/or other separation benefits are conditioned on, among other things, the officer delivering and not revoking a customary general release of claims against the Company and the officer’s continued compliance with the proprietary information and inventions agreement with the Company.

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See Part I, Item 9B. “Other Information” of this Annual Report for information regarding the termination of the employment of Mr. Stokely effective March 31, 2024.

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Additionally, the employment agreements provide that upon the occurrence of a Change in Control, all then-outstanding stock options, restricted stock and other stock-based grants to either Mr. Martino or Mr. Stokely will, irrespective of any provisions of his award agreements, immediately and irrevocably vest and become exercisable and any restrictions thereon will lapse. In either case, if any payment or benefit the officer would receive pursuant to a Change in Control from the Company or otherwise would constitute a “parachute payment” within the meaning of Section 280G of the Code and be subject to the excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the Code, then such the amount of such payment will be calculated to be (1) the largest portion of the payment that would result in no portion of the payment being subject to the excise tax or (2) the largest portion, up to and including the total, of the payment, whichever amount, after taking into account all applicable taxes and the excise tax, results in the officer receiving, on an after-tax basis, of the greater economic benefit notwithstanding that all or some portion of the payment may be subject to the excise tax.

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Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change in Control

The potential payments and benefits to Mr. Martino or Mr. Stokely under his respective employment agreement in connection with termination of the officer’s employment by the Company without Cause, by the Named Executive Officer for Good Reason, or in connection with a Change in Control are described above under “Employment Agreements.”

For purposes of the employment agreements, “Good Reason” means, without the executive’s written consent:

For purposes of his employment agreement, “Cause” means, with respect to Mr. Martino, in the sole discretion of a majority of the Board:

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For purposes of his employment agreement, “Cause” means, with respect to Mr. Stokely, in the sole discretion of a majority of the Board:

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Additionally, under the 2010/2019 Stock and Incentive Plans, in the case of and subject to the consummation of a Sale Event (i.e. a change in control of the Company), the plan and all outstanding awards granted thereunder will terminate, unless provision is made in connection with the Sale Event in the sole discretion of the parties thereto for the assumption or continuation of awards granted by the successor entity, or the substitution of such awards with new awards of the successor entity or its parent. In the event of such termination, (i) Ampio will have the option (in its sole discretion) to make or provide for a cash payment to the grantees holding options and stock appreciation rights, in exchange for the cancellation thereof, in an amount equal to the difference between (a) the sale price multiplied by the number of shares of stock subject to outstanding options and stock appreciation rights (to the extent then exercisable (after taking into account any acceleration hereunder) at prices not in excess of the sale price) and (b) the aggregate exercise price of all such outstanding options and stock appreciation rights; or (ii) each grantee shall be permitted, within a specified period of time prior to the consummation of the Sale Event as determined by the Compensation Committee, to exercise all outstanding options and stock appreciation rights held by such grantee. The Compensation Committee also has the discretion to accelerate the vesting of all other awards.

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Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation

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The members of the Compensation Committee are named in the section titled “Committees of the Board – Compensation Committee.” No member of our Compensation Committee has served as one of our officers or employees at any time. None of our executive officers serves as a member of the compensation committee of any other company that has an executive officer serving as a member of the Board. None of our executive officers serves as a member of the board of directors of any other company that has an executive officer serving as a member of our Compensation Committee during the last fiscal year.

Non-Employee Director Compensation

Our Compensation Committee established the following annual fees for payment to non-employee members of our Board and committees, for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023:

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In fiscal year 2023, we did not grant equity awards to our non-employee directors for their service.

Director Compensation for 2023

The table below summarizes the compensation paid by us to our directors for the year ended December 31, 2023. Mr. Martino, who served as director and executive officer for 2023, did not receive compensation as a director during 2023.

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For a summary of the option awards held by Mr. Martino as of December 31, 2023, please see “Executive Compensation – Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year End.” As of December 31, 2023, the outstanding stock option awards held by our other directors are as follows: Mr. Buchi, 750, shares; Dr. Stevens, 1,913 shares; and Ms. Jobes, 500, shares.

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The following table sets forth information regarding beneficial ownership of our Common Stock as of March 15, 2024 by:

We have determined beneficial ownership in accordance with SEC rules. The information does not necessarily indicate beneficial ownership for any other purpose. Under these rules, the number of shares of Common Stock deemed outstanding includes shares issuable upon exercise of options and warrants held by the respective person or group which may be exercised or converted within 60 days after March 15, 2024.

For purposes of calculating each person’s or group’s percentage ownership, stock options and warrants exercisable within 60 days after March 15, 2024 are included for that person or group but not the stock options or warrants of any other person or group. Ownership is based on 1,135,358 shares of Common Stock outstanding on March 15, 2024.

The Company is not aware of any arrangements that have resulted, or may at a subsequent date result, in a change of control of the Company.

Unless otherwise indicated and subject to any applicable community property laws, to our knowledge, each stockholder named in the following table possesses sole voting and investment power over the shares listed. Unless otherwise noted below, the address of each stockholder listed on the table is c/o Ampio Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 9800 Mount Pyramid Court, Suite 400, Englewood, Colorado 80112.

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* Represents ownership of 1% or under of the Company’s outstanding common stock.

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Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans

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The Company’s 2019 Stock and Incentive Plan was cancelled concurrently with the adoption of the 2023 Plan; as such there were no remaining securities available for issuance under that plan as of December 31, 2023. On February 28, 2024, we filed a post-effective amendment to deregister the remaining shares available under the Company’s equity compensation plans, which was effective upon filing.

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Related Party Transactions

Other than required indemnification and advancement of expenses made to our directors and executive officers relating to the legal proceedings described in Part I, Item 3. Legal Proceedings of this Form 10-K, we have not been a participant in any transaction since January 1, 2023 and are not a participant in any currently proposed transaction in which the amount involved exceeded or will exceed the lesser of $120,000 or 1% of the average of our total assets at year-end for the last two completed fiscal years, and in which any director, executive officer, or holder of more than 5% of any class of our voting stock, or any member of the immediate family of or entities affiliated with any of them, had or will have a material interest.

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Policies and Procedures for Related Party Transactions

We have a policy that our executive officers, directors, nominees for election as directors, beneficial owners of more than 5% of any class of our common stock and any member of the immediate family of any of the foregoing persons, are not permitted to enter into a related party transaction with us without the prior consent of our Audit Committee, subject to the pre-approval exceptions described below. If advance approval is not feasible then the related party transactions will be considered at the Audit Committee’s next quarterly scheduled meeting. In approving or rejecting any such proposal, our Audit Committee is to consider the relevant facts and circumstances available and deemed relevant by our Audit Committee, including, but not limited to, whether the transaction is on terms no less favorable than terms generally available to an unaffiliated third party under the same or similar circumstances and the extent of the related party’s inters in the transaction. Our Board has delegated to the chair of our Audit Committee the authority to pre-approve or ratify any request for us to enter into a transaction with a related party, in which the amount involved is less than $120,000 and where the chair is not the related party. Our Audit Committee will also review certain types of related party transactions that it has deemed pre-approved even if the aggregate amount involved will not exceed $120,000 including, employment of executive officers, director compensation, certain transactions with other organizations, transactions where all stockholders receive proportional benefits, transactions involving competitive bids, regulated transactions and certain banking-related services.

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Director Independence

Our common stock is listed on the NYSE American. The listing rules of the NYSE American require that a majority of the members of the Board be independent. The rules of the NYSE American require that, subject to specified exceptions, each member of our Audit, Compensation, and Nominating and Governance Committees be independent. Audit Committee members must also satisfy the independence criteria set forth in Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act. Under the rules of the NYSE American, a director will only qualify as an “independent director” if, in the opinion of that company’s board of directors, that person does not have a relationship that would interfere with the exercise of independent judgment in carrying out the responsibilities of a director.

In order to be considered independent for purposes of Rule 10A-3, a member of an audit committee of a listed company may not, other than in his or her capacity as a member of the audit committee, the board of directors or any other board committee: (i) accept, directly or indirectly, any consulting, advisory or other compensatory fee from the listed company or any of its subsidiaries; or (ii) be an affiliated person of the listed company or any of its subsidiaries.

In March 2024, our Board undertook a review of its composition, the composition of its committees and the independence of each director. Based upon information provided by each director concerning his or her background, employment and affiliations, including family relationships, our Board has determined that none of Mr. Buchi, Dr. Stevens or Ms. Jobes, had a relationship that would interfere with the exercise of independent judgment in carrying out the responsibilities of a director and that each of these directors was “independent” as that term is defined by the NYSE American. Our Board also determined that Mr. Buchi, Dr. Stevens and Ms. Jobes, who comprised our Audit Committee, our Compensation Committee, and our Nominating and Governance Committee during 2023, satisfied the independence standards for those committees established by applicable SEC rules and the NYSE American rules.

The Company’s independent registered public accounting firm is Moss Adams LLP, Issuing Office Denver Colorado, PCAOB ID: 659.

The following table presents aggregate fees billed for professional services rendered by our independent registered public accounting firm, Moss Adams LLP for the respective periods indicated:

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Policy on Audit Committee Pre-Approval of Services of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Our Audit Committee has responsibility for appointing, setting compensation, and overseeing the work of the independent registered public accounting firm. In recognition of this responsibility, the Audit Committee has established a policy to pre-approve all audit and permissible non-audit services provided by the independent registered public accounting firm. Prior to engagement of the independent registered public accounting firm for the following year’s audit, management will submit to the Audit Committee for approval an engagement letter which provides the description and estimated cost of services expected to be rendered during that year for each of following four categories of services:

Prior to the engagement of the independent registered public accounting firm, the Audit Committee pre-approves these services by category of service and estimated cost as further noted in the engagement letter. The fees are budgeted as part of the Company’s annual/periodic budgeting and forecasting process, and the Audit Committee requires the independent registered public accounting firm and management to report actual fees versus the budget periodically throughout the year by category of service. During the year, circumstances may arise when it may become necessary to engage the independent registered public accounting firm for additional services not contemplated in the original pre-approval. In those instances, the Audit Committee requires specific pre-approval before engaging the independent registered public accounting firm for such services.

The Audit Committee may delegate pre-approval authority to one or more of its members. The member to whom such authority is delegated must report, for informational purposes only, any pre-approval decisions to the Audit Committee at its next scheduled meeting.

All the services of Moss Adams LLP described above were pre-approved by the Audit Committee in advance of such services being provided.

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PART IV

(a)(1) Financial Statements

The following documents are filed as part of this Form 10-K, as set forth on the Index to Financial Statements found on page F-1.

(a)(2) Financial Statement Schedules

Not Applicable.

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(a)(3) Exhibits

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None.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

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Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant in the capacities indicated, on March 27, 2024.

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INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

AMPIO PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

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F-1

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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

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To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of

Ampio Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

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Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying balance sheets of Ampio Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the related statements of operations, mezzanine equity and stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for the years then ended, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Going Concern Uncertainty

The accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note 2 to the financial statements, the Company has suffered recurring losses from operations, plans to pursue voluntary de-listing of the Company’s common stock, and is preserving cash to fund an orderly wind down of operations. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management’s plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 2. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures to respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

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Critical Audit Matter

Critical audit matters are matters arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. We determined that there are no critical audit matters.

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/s/ Moss Adams LLP

Denver, Colorado

March 27, 2024

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We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2019.

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