UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, DC 20549
FORM
(Mark One)
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QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the quarterly period ended
OR
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TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from to
Commission File Number:
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)
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(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |
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(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
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(Address of principal executive offices) |
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Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
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Emerging growth company |
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If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐ |
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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes
As of April 28, 2022, the registrant had
Table of Contents
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PART I |
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3 |
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Item 1. |
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Item 2. |
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |
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33 |
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Item 3. |
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46 |
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Item 4. |
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PART II |
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Item 1. |
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Item 1A. |
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Item 2. |
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Item 6. |
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i
Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements that involve substantial risks and uncertainties. All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including statements regarding future events or our future results of operations, financial condition, business, strategies, financial needs, and the plans and objectives of management, are forward-looking statements. In some cases you can identify forward-looking statements because they contain words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “might,” “likely,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “seek,” “should,” “target,” “will,” “would,” or similar expressions and the negatives of those terms. Forward-looking statements are based on information available to our management as of the date of this report and our management's good faith belief as of such date with respect to future events and are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties, and assumptions that could cause actual performance or results to differ materially from those expressed in or suggested by the forward-looking statements. Important factors that could cause such differences include, but are not limited to:
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our ability to sustain our revenue growth rate, to achieve or maintain profitability, and to effectively manage our anticipated growth; |
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our ability to attract new customers on a cost-effective basis and the extent to which existing customers renew and upgrade their subscriptions; |
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the timing of our introduction of new solutions or updates to existing solutions; |
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our ability to successfully diversify our solutions by developing or introducing new solutions or acquiring and integrating additional businesses, products, services, or content; |
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our ability to maintain and expand our strategic relationships with third parties; |
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our ability to deliver our solutions to customers without disruption or delay; |
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our exposure to liability from errors, delays, fraud, or system failures, which may not be covered by insurance; |
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our ability to expand our international reach; and |
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other factors discussed in other sections of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including the sections of this report titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and under Part II, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, as amended by the Form 10-K/A for the year ended December 31, 2021 filed on May 5, 2022 under Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors.” |
You should not place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements and you should not rely on forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. The results, events, and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements may not be achieved or occur, and actual results, events, or circumstances could differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements made in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q speak only as of the date of this report. We undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements made in this report to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this report or to reflect new information or the occurrence of unanticipated events, except as required by law. If we update one or more forward-looking statements, no inference should be drawn that we will make additional updates with respect to those or other forward-looking statements.
ii
PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements.
AVALARA, INC.
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(In thousands, except for per share data)
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March 31, |
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December 31, |
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2022 |
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2021 |
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(unaudited) |
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Assets |
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Current assets: |
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Cash and cash equivalents |
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$ |
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$ |
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Restricted cash |
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Trade accounts receivable—net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $ $ |
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Deferred commissions |
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Prepaid expenses and other current assets |
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Total current assets before customer fund assets |
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Funds held from customers |
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Receivable from customers—net of allowance of $ |
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Total current assets |
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Noncurrent assets: |
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Deferred commissions |
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Operating lease right-of-use assets—net |
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Property and equipment—net |
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Intangible assets—net |
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Goodwill |
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Other noncurrent assets |
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Total assets |
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$ |
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$ |
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Liabilities and shareholders' equity |
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Current liabilities: |
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Trade payables |
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$ |
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$ |
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Accrued expenses |
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Deferred revenue |
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Accrued purchase price related to acquisitions |
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Accrued earnout liabilities |
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Operating lease liabilities |
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Total current liabilities before customer fund obligations |
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Customer fund obligations |
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Total current liabilities |
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Noncurrent liabilities: |
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Convertible senior notes—net |
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Deferred revenue |
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Accrued purchase price related to acquisitions |
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Accrued earnout liabilities |
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Operating lease liabilities |
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Deferred tax liability |
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Other noncurrent liabilities |
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Total liabilities |
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$ |
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Commitments and contingencies |
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Shareholders' equity: |
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Preferred stock, $ March 31, 2022, and December 31, 2021, and March 31, 2022, and December 31, 2021 |
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Common stock, $ outstanding at March 31, 2022, and December 31, 2021, respectively, and |
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Additional paid-in capital |
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Accumulated other comprehensive loss |
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Accumulated deficit |
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Total shareholders’ equity |
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Total liabilities and shareholders' equity |
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$ |
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$ |
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The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
3
AVALARA, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Operations (unaudited)
(In thousands, except per share data)
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For the Three Months Ended March 31, |
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2022 |
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2021 |
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Revenue: |
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Subscription and returns |
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$ |
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$ |
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Professional services |
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Total revenue |
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Cost of revenue: |
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Subscription and returns |
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Professional services |
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Total cost of revenue |
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Gross profit |
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Operating expenses: |
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Research and development |
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Sales and marketing |
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General and administrative |
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Total operating expenses |
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Operating loss |
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Other income (expense): |
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Fair value changes in earnout liabilities |
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Interest income |
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Interest expense |
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— |
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Other income (expense), net |
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Total other income (expense), net |
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Loss before income taxes |
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Provision for income taxes |
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Net loss |
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$ |
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$ |
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Net loss per share attributable to common shareholders, basic and diluted |
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$ |
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Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding, basic and diluted |
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The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
4
AVALARA, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss (unaudited)
(In thousands)
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For the Three Months Ended March 31, |
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2022 |
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2021 |
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Net loss |
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$ |
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$ |
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Other comprehensive loss — Foreign currency translation |
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Total comprehensive loss |
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$ |
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$ |
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The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
5
AVALARA, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited)
(In thousands)
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For the Three Months Ended March 31, |
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2022 |
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2021 |
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Cash flows from operating activities: |
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Net loss |
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$ |
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$ |
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Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: |
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Stock-based compensation |
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Depreciation and amortization |
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Amortization of debt issuance costs |
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Impairment of capitalized cloud computing costs |
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Deferred income tax expense |
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Non-cash operating lease costs |
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Fair value changes in earnout liabilities |
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Non-cash bad debt expense |
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Other |
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Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |
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Trade accounts receivable |
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Prepaid expenses and other current assets |
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Deferred commissions |
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Other noncurrent assets |
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Trade payables |
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Accrued expenses |
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Deferred revenue |
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Operating lease liabilities |
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Net cash used in operating activities |
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Cash flows from investing activities: |
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Purchase of property and equipment |
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Capitalized software development costs |
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Cash paid for acquisitions of businesses, net of cash and restricted cash equivalents acquired |
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Net cash used in investing activities |
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Cash flows from financing activities: |
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Proceeds from exercise of stock options |
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Proceeds from purchases of stock under employee stock purchase plan |
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Acquisition-related post-closing payments |
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Payments related to business combination earnouts |
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Payments related to asset acquisition earnouts |
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Payments on financed asset purchases |
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Net increase in customer fund obligations |
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Net cash provided by financing activities |
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Foreign currency effect |
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Net change in cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents |
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Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents—Beginning of period |
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Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents—End of period |
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$ |
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$ |
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Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents to the Consolidated Balance Sheets, end of period: |
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Cash and cash equivalents |
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$ |
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$ |
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Restricted cash |
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Restricted cash equivalents—funds held from customers |
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Total cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents, end of period |
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$ |
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$ |
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6
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For the Three Months Ended March 31, |
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2022 |
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2021 |
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Supplemental cash flow disclosures: |
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Cash paid for interest expense |
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$ |
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$ |
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Cash paid for operating lease liabilities |
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Cash paid for income taxes |
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Non-cash investing and financing activities: |
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Accrued value of earnout related to acquisitions of businesses |
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Accrued purchase of intangible assets |
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Property and equipment additions in accounts payable and accrued expenses |
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Capitalized internally developed software costs included in accounts payable and accrued expenses |
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Stock-based compensation costs capitalized to internally developed software |
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Operating lease right-of-use assets in exchange for lease obligations |
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The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
7
AVALARA, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)
1.Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Nature of Operations
Avalara, Inc. (the “Company”) provides software solutions that help businesses of all types and sizes comply with transaction tax requirements worldwide. The Company offers a broad and growing suite of compliance solutions for transaction taxes and other product-related taxes such as sales and use tax, value-added tax (“VAT”), fuel excise tax, beverage alcohol, cross-border taxes (including tariffs and duties), lodging tax, communications tax, and insurance premium tax. These solutions enable customers to automate the process of determining taxability, identifying applicable tax rates, determining and collecting taxes, preparing and filing returns, remitting taxes, maintaining tax records, and managing compliance documents. The Company, a Washington corporation, was originally incorporated in 1999 and is headquartered in Seattle, Washington.
The Company has wholly owned subsidiaries outside of the U.S. in Brazil, Canada, Europe, and India, which conduct sales and operations and provide business development, software development, and support services.
Interim Financial Information
The accompanying consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information. Certain information and disclosures normally included in consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted. Accordingly, these consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes for the year ended December 31, 2021, included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, as amended by the Form 10-K/A for the year ended December 31, 2021 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on May 5, 2022 (the “Amended 2021 Annual Report”). The accompanying interim consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2022, the consolidated interim statements of operations, consolidated statements of comprehensive loss, and the consolidated statements of cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2022, are unaudited. The unaudited interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a basis consistent with that used to prepare the audited annual consolidated financial statements and include, in the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting of normal and recurring items, necessary for the fair presentation of the consolidated financial statements. The operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2022, are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for the full year ending December 31, 2022.
Prior Period Restatements and Adjustments
While preparing the financial statements for the first quarter of 2022, the Company discovered an error in its recognition of stock-based compensation expense for restricted stock units (“RSUs”) impacting previously reported interim and annual consolidated financial statements. In the previously presented consolidated financial statements, the correction resulted in an increase of $
Reclassifications
Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to current period presentation.
Principles of Consolidation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include those of the Company, its subsidiaries, and a variable interest entity for which the Company is the primary beneficiary, after elimination of all intercompany accounts and transactions.
8
Segments
The Company operates its business as
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates and judgments related to revenue are described below in the Revenue Recognition Accounting Policy. Significant estimates impacting expenses include: expected credit losses associated with the allowance for doubtful accounts; the measurement of fair values of stock-based compensation award grants; the expected payout level of performance share unit grants; the expected earnout obligations in connection with acquisitions; the expected term of the customer relationship for capitalized contract cost amortization; the valuation and useful lives of acquired intangible assets; the valuation of the fair value of reporting units for analyzing goodwill; and the capitalization and useful life of capitalized software development costs. Actual results could materially differ from those estimates.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. A three-level fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value. The hierarchy requires entities to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The three levels of inputs used to measure fair value are as follows:
Level 1: Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2: Inputs are quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active and model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs and significant value drivers are observable in active markets.
Level 3: Inputs are unobservable inputs based on the Company’s assumptions and valuation techniques used to measure assets and liabilities at fair value. The inputs require significant management judgment or estimation.
The Company’s assessment of the significance of an input to the fair value measurement requires judgment, which may affect the valuation of fair value assets and liabilities and their placement within the fair value hierarchy levels. The carrying amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements approximate the fair value for cash equivalents, restricted cash equivalents, trade accounts receivable, trade payables, and accrued expenses, due to their short-term nature. The Company has measured the fair value of money market funds and available-for-sale securities based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities. The Company carries its Convertible Senior Notes at par value less unamortized debt issuance costs on its consolidated balance sheets and presents the fair value for disclosure purposes only.
Customer Funds Assets and Obligations
The Company has established a Delaware statutory trust (the “Customer Trust”) and appointed a federally insured bank as trustee, and the Customer Trust holds certain funds provided by its customers pending remittance to tax authorities. The Company is the sole beneficial owner of the Customer Trust. The Customer Trust is intended to be a bankruptcy-remote legal entity and meets the criteria in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 810, Consolidation to be characterized as a variable interest entity (“VIE”). The Customer Trust is included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements because the Company determined it has a controlling financial interest in the Customer Trust as it has both (1) the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the Customer Trust (including the power to make investment decisions for the trust) and (2) the right to receive benefits in the form of investment returns that could potentially be significant to the Customer Trust.
In 2021, certain customers began to remit tax payments to the Customer Trust with almost all customer funds remitted to and held by the Customer Trust as of December 31, 2021. Funds held from customers represent restricted cash equivalents and available-for-sale securities that, based upon the Company’s intent, are restricted solely for satisfying the obligations to remit funds relating to the Company’s tax remittance services. Customer fund obligations represent the Company’s contractual obligations to remit funds to satisfy customers’ tax obligations and are recorded on the consolidated balance sheets at the time that the Company or the Customer Trust collects funds from customers.
9
The following table details funds held from customers and customer fund obligations held by the Company and by the Customer Trust as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021:
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March 31, |
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December 31, |
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2022 |
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2021 |
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Funds held from customers (current assets): |
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Restricted cash equivalents – Company |
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$ |
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$ |
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Restricted cash equivalents – Customer Trust |
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Available-for-sale securities – Customer Trust |
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Funds held from customers |
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$ |
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$ |
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Customer fund obligations (current liabilities): |
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Customer fund obligations – Company |
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Customer fund obligations |
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$ |
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$ |
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Receivable from customers, net was $
Business Combinations and Goodwill
The Company’s identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination are recorded at their acquisition date fair values, which may be considered preliminary and subject to adjustment during the measurement period, which is up to one year from the acquisition date. The valuation requires management to make significant estimates and assumptions, especially with respect to intangible assets. Critical estimates in valuing intangible assets include, but are not limited to:
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future expected cash flows from customer agreements, customer lists, distribution agreements, non-compete agreements, and proprietary content and technology; |
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assumptions about the length of time the brand will continue to be used in the Company’s suite of solutions; |
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royalty rates used to estimate the fees that could be charged to license the proprietary content and technology; and |
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discount rates used to determine the present value of recognized assets and liabilities. |
The Company’s estimates of fair value are based upon assumptions it believes to be reasonable, but that are inherently uncertain and unpredictable. Assumptions may be incomplete or inaccurate, and unanticipated events and circumstances may occur.
Goodwill is calculated as the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired, including the amount assigned to identifiable intangible assets. Acquisition-related costs, including advisory, legal, accounting, valuation, and other costs, are expensed in the periods in which these costs are incurred. The results of operations of an acquired business are included in the consolidated financial statements beginning at the acquisition date. Goodwill is tested for impairment annually on October 31, or in the event of certain occurrences. There was
The Company estimates the fair value of the earnout liabilities related to business combinations using various valuation approaches, as well as significant unobservable inputs, reflecting the Company’s assessment of the assumptions market participants would use to value these liabilities. Following final determination of the acquisition date fair value, the fair value of the earnout is remeasured each reporting period, with any change in the value recorded as fair value changes in earnout liabilities in the consolidated statements of operation.
Acquired Intangible Assets
Acquired intangible assets consist of developed technology, including in-process research and development (“IPR&D”), customer relationships, backlog, database content, noncompetition agreements, and tradenames and trademarks, resulting from the Company’s acquisitions. Acquired intangible assets are recorded at fair value on the date of acquisition and amortized over their estimated useful lives. IPR&D is initially capitalized at fair value as a developed technology intangible asset with an indefinite life and assessed for impairment thereafter. When an IPR&D project is completed, it is amortized over the asset’s estimated useful life.
The Company recognizes an earnout liability for acquisitions of intangible assets that are accounted for as an asset acquisition when the liability is earned and the amount is known. The earnout liability is capitalized as part of the cost of the assets acquired and amortized over the remaining useful life of the asset. Asset acquisition-related costs, primarily legal fees, are capitalized and included in the cost basis of the intangible asset when incurred.
10
Capitalized Software
Software development costs for internal-use software (i.e., cloud-based software solutions) are capitalized once the project is in the application development stage in accordance with the accounting guidance for internal-use software. These capitalized costs include external direct costs of services consumed in developing or obtaining the software and personnel expenses for employees who are directly associated with the development. Capitalization of these costs concludes once the project is substantially complete, and the software is ready for its intended purpose. Post-configuration training and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred. For the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, $
In circumstances where software is developed for both cloud-based software solutions and for the purpose of being sold, leased, or otherwise marketed (i.e., customer hosted software), capitalization of development costs occurs after technological feasibility of the software is established and continues until the product is available for general release to customers. Since the Company’s developed software is available for general release concurrent with the establishment of technological feasibility, development costs are not capitalized in these circumstances.
Long-Lived Assets
The Company evaluates long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of these assets may not be recoverable. An impairment is recognized in the event the carrying value of such assets is not recoverable. If the carrying value is not recoverable, the fair value is determined, and an impairment is recognized for the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the fair value.
Leases
Leases arise from contracts which convey the right to control the use of identified property or equipment for a period of time in exchange for consideration. The Company’s leasing arrangements are primarily for office space used to conduct operations. The Company determines whether an arrangement is or contains a lease at the inception date, based on whether there is an identified asset and whether the Company controls the use of the identified asset throughout the period of use. Leases commence when the lessor makes the asset available for use.
Leases are classified at commencement as either operating or finance leases. All the Company’s leases are classified as operating leases. Rent expense for operating leases is recognized on the straight-line method over the term of the agreement beginning on the lease commencement date. Lease-related costs, which are variable rather than fixed, are expensed in the period incurred. Variable lease costs consist primarily of common area maintenance and utilities costs for the Company’s office spaces that are due based on the actual costs incurred by the landlord. Lease payments that depend on an index or a rate are measured using the index or rate at the commencement date and are included in operating lease costs. Subsequent increases to lease payments due to a change in the index or rate are expensed as a variable lease cost.
Convertible Senior Notes
In August 2021, the Company completed a private offering of $
In connection with the offering of the 2026 Notes, the Company purchased capped calls from certain financial institutions with respect to its common stock. As the capped calls are both legally detachable and separately exercisable from the 2026 Notes, the Company accounts for the capped calls separately from the 2026 Notes. The capped calls are indexed to the Company’s own common stock and classified in stockholder’s equity. As such, the premiums paid for the capped calls have been included as a net reduction to additional paid-in capital in the consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2022, and December 31, 2021.
11
Income Taxes
The Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on temporary differences between the financial reporting and income tax basis of assets and liabilities and are measured using the tax rates that will be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. A valuation allowance is recorded when it is more likely than not that some of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The Company assesses its income tax positions and records a tax benefit or expense based upon management’s evaluation of the facts, circumstances, and information available at the reporting date.
The objectives of accounting for income taxes are to recognize the amount of taxes payable or refundable for the current period and deferred tax liabilities and assets for the future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in an entity’s financial statements or tax returns. The Company will recognize the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such a position are measured based on the largest benefit that has a
Revenue Recognition
The Company primarily generates revenue from fees paid for subscriptions to tax compliance solutions and fees paid for services performed in preparing and filing tax returns on behalf of its customers. Amounts that have been invoiced are recorded in trade accounts receivable and deferred revenue, contract liabilities, or revenue, depending upon whether the revenue recognition criteria have been met. Revenue is recognized once the customer is provisioned and as services are provided in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those services.
The Company determines revenue recognition through the following five-step framework:
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Identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer; |
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Identification of the performance obligations in the contract; |
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Determination of the transaction price; |
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Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and |
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Recognition of revenue when, or as, the Company satisfies a performance obligation. |
The Company identifies performance obligations in its contracts with customers, which primarily include subscription services and professional services. The transaction price is determined based on the amount which the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for providing the promised services to the customer. The transaction price in the contract is allocated to each distinct performance obligation on a relative standalone selling price basis. Revenue is recognized when performance obligations are satisfied.
Contract payment terms are typically net
Revenue is recorded based on the transaction price excluding amounts collected on behalf of third parties, such as sales taxes collected and remitted to governmental authorities.
Subscription and Returns Revenue
Subscription and returns revenue primarily consist of contractually agreed upon fees paid for using the Company’s cloud-based solutions, which include tax calculation, preparing and filing transaction tax returns, compliance document management, and tax content subscription services. Under the Company’s subscription agreements, customers select a price plan that includes an allotted maximum number of transactions or number of jurisdictions over the subscription term. Unused transactions are not carried over to the customer’s next subscription term, and customers are not entitled to refunds of fees paid or relief from fees due in the event they do not use the allotted number of transactions. If customers exceed the maximum transaction level within their price plan, the Company will generally upgrade the customer to a higher transaction price plan or, in some cases, charge overage fees on a per transaction basis. Fees paid for subscription services to tax content vary depending on the volume of tax information accessible to the customer.
12
The Company’s subscription arrangements do not provide the customer with the right to take possession of the software supporting the cloud-based application services. The Company’s standard subscription contracts are non-cancelable except where contract terms provide rights to cancel in the first
The Company earns Streamlined Sales Tax (“SST”) revenue from participating state and local governments based on a percentage of the sales tax reported and paid.
Revenue is recognized ratably over the contractual term of the arrangement, beginning on the date that the service is made available to the customer. The Company invoices its subscription customers for the initial term at contract signing and at each subscription renewal. Initial terms generally range from 12 to
Included in the total subscription fee for cloud-based solutions are non-refundable upfront fees that are typically charged to new customers. These fees are associated with work performed to set up a customer with the Company’s services, and do not represent a distinct good or service. Instead, the fees are included within the transaction price and allocated to the remaining performance obligations in the contract. The Company recognizes revenue for these fees in accordance with the revenue recognition for those performance obligations.
Also included in subscription and returns revenue is interest income on funds held from customers. The Company uses trust accounts at FDIC-insured institutions to provide tax remittance services to customers and collect funds from customers in advance of remittance to tax authorities. After collection and prior to remittance, the Company earns interest on these funds.
Professional Services Revenue
The Company generates professional services revenue from providing tax analysis and services, including business licenses and tax registrations, tax refund claims and recovery assistance, voluntary disclosure agreements, nexus studies, and back filing services. Additionally, the Company provides configurations, data migrations, integration, and training for its subscriptions and returns products. The Company invoices for professional service arrangements on a fixed fee, milestone, or time and materials basis. The transaction price allocated to professional services performance obligations is recognized as revenue as services are performed or upon completion of work.
Judgments and Estimates
The Company’s contracts with customers often include obligations to provide multiple services to a customer. Determining whether services are considered distinct performance obligations that should be accounted for separately from one another requires judgment. Subscription services and professional services are both distinct performance obligations that are accounted for separately.
Judgment is required to determine the standalone selling price (“SSP”) for each distinct performance obligation. The Company allocates revenue to each performance obligation based on the relative SSP. The Company determines SSP for performance obligations based on overall pricing objectives, which take into consideration observable prices, market conditions and entity-specific factors. This includes a review of historical data related to the services being sold and customer demographics. The Company uses a range of amounts to estimate SSP for performance obligations. There is typically more than one SSP for individual services due to the stratification of those services by information, such as size and type of customer.
Assets Recognized from the Costs to Obtain a Contract with a Customer
The Company recognizes an asset for the incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer if it expects the benefit of those costs to be longer than one year. The Company has determined that certain costs related to employee sales incentive programs (sales commissions) and partner commission programs represent incremental costs of obtaining a contract and therefore should be capitalized. Capitalized costs are included in deferred commissions on the consolidated balance sheets. These deferred commissions are amortized over an estimated period of benefit, generally
13
Stock-Based Compensation
The Company accounts for stock-based compensation by calculating the fair value of each option, RSU, or performance share unit (“PSU”) issued under the 2018 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2018 Plan”), or purchase rights issued under the 2018 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”), at the grant date. The fair value of stock options and purchase rights is estimated by applying the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. This model uses the fair value of the Company’s underlying common stock at the measurement date, the expected or contractual term of the option or purchase right, the expected volatility of its common stock, risk-free interest rates, and expected dividend yield of its common stock. The fair value of an RSU or PSU is determined using the fair value of the Company’s underlying common stock on the grant date. The stock-based compensation expense recognized over the performance period for PSUs will equal the fair value of the PSU on the grant date multiplied by the number of PSUs that are earned. Furthermore, the quarterly expense recognized during the performance period for PSUs is based on an estimate of the Company’s future performance and the expected payout level. Changes to management’s estimate of future performance result in adjustments to the stock-based compensation expense for PSUs and are recognized prospectively over the remaining service period. The Company accounts for forfeitures of stock-based awards as they occur.
Recently Adopted Accounting Standards
There are no accounting standards that have been recently adopted.
New Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted
ASU 2021-08
In October 2021, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued ASU 2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers, which amends the accounting related to contract assets and liabilities acquired in business combinations. Under current GAAP, an entity generally recognizes assets and liabilities acquired in a business combination, including contract assets and contract liabilities arising from revenue contracts with customers, at fair value on the acquisition date. ASU 2021-08 requires that entities recognize and measure contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination in accordance with ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. ASU 2021-08 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years, and should be applied prospectively to businesses combinations occurring on or after the effective date of the amendment. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. The Company currently expects to adopt this new guidance in the first quarter of 2023 and is currently evaluating the impact of this new guidance on the consolidated financial statements.
2.Fair Value Measurements
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis
The following financial assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a recurring basis. The fair values recognized in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and the level within the fair value hierarchy in which the fair value measurements fall is as follows (in thousands):
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Fair Value Measurements Using |
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Quoted Prices |
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Significant |
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in Active |
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Other |
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Significant |
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Markets for |
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Unobservable |
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Fair |
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Identical Assets |
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Inputs |
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Inputs |
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March 31, 2022 |
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Value |
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(Level 1) |
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(Level 2) |
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(Level 3) |
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Money market funds |
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$ |
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$ |
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$ |
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$ |
— |
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Available-for-sale securities: |
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U.S. treasury securities |
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— |
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— |
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Earnouts related to business combinations |
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— |
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— |
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Fair Value Measurements Using |
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Quoted Prices |
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Significant |
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in Active |
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Other |
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Significant |
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Markets for |
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Observable |
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Unobservable |
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Fair |
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Identical Assets |
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Inputs |
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Inputs |
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December 31, 2021 |
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Value |
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