10-Q 1 babs20240531_10q.htm FORM 10-Q babs20240531_10q.htm
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FORM 10-Q

U.S. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

(Mark One)

QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended May 31, 2024

TRANSITION REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from                                  to                

Commission file number: 0-31555

 

 

BAB, Inc.

(Name of small business issuer in its charter)

 

Delaware

36-4389547

(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or

organization)

(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

 

500 Lake Cook Road, Suite 475, Deerfield, Illinois 60015

 

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

 

Issuer's telephone number (847) 948-7520

 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

 

Title of each class

Trading Symbol(s)

Name of each exchange on which

registered

Common Stock

BABB

OTCQB

 

Indicate by checkmark whether the registrant (1) filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐      

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).   Yes ☒   No ☐      

 

Indicate by checkmark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company.    Large accelerated filer ☐      Accelerated filer ☐     Non-accelerated filer      Smaller reporting company ☒     Emerging growth company    

 

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.      ☐                               

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company. Yes          No ☒

 

As of July 12, 2024 BAB, Inc. had: 7,263,508 shares of Common Stock outstanding.

 

 

 

  

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

PART I

FINANCIAL INFORMATION

3
     

Item 1.

Financial Statements

3
     

Item 2

Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

19
     

Item 3

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

23
     

Item 4

Controls and Procedures

23
     

PART II

OTHER INFORMATION

24
     

Item 1.

Legal Proceedings

24
     

Item 2

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

24
     

Item 3

Defaults Upon Senior Securities

24
     

Item 4

Mine Safety Disclosures

24
     

Item 5

Other Information

24
     

Item 6

Exhibits

25
     

SIGNATURE

  26

 

2

 

 

PART I

 

ITEM 1.

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

BAB, Inc.

Consolidated Balance Sheets

 

   

May 31, 2024

   

November 30, 2023

 
   

(unaudited)

   

(audited)

 

ASSETS

               

Current Assets

               

Cash

  $ 1,937,678     $ 1,888,728  

Restricted cash

    229,919       183,944  

Receivables

               

Trade accounts and notes receivable (net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $49,618 in 2024 and $28,873 in 2023)

    73,131       71,681  

Marketing fund contributions receivable from franchisees and stores

    18,556       14,995  

Lease receivable

    5,937       5,900  

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

    95,813       96,544  

Total Current Assets

    2,361,034       2,261,792  
                 

Property, plant and equipment (net of accumulated depreciation of $159,414 in both 2024 and 2023.

    -       -  

Lease receivable

    29,427       32,406  

Trademarks

    461,445       461,445  

Goodwill

    1,493,771       1,493,771  

Definite lived intangible assets (net of accumulated amortization of $140,502 in 2024 and $138,541 in 2023)

    14,384       16,345  

Operating lease right of use

    392,664       32,745  

Total Noncurrent Assets

    2,391,691       2,036,712  

Total Assets

  $ 4,752,725     $ 4,298,504  
                 

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

               

Current Liabilities

               

Accounts payable

  $ 16,502     $ 3,042  

Income tax payable

    123,747       47,334  

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities

    307,063       325,880  

Unexpended marketing fund contributions

    227,237       201,824  

Deferred franchise fee revenue

    24,166       30,094  

Current portion operating lease liability

    44,066       39,818  

Total Current Liabilities

    742,781       647,992  
                 

Long-term Liabilities (net of current portion)

               

Operating lease liability

    363,071       -  

Deferred franchise revenue

    157,743       162,026  

Deferred tax liability

    283,653       309,293  

Total Long-term Liabilities

    804,467       471,319  

Total Liabilities

  $ 1,547,248     $ 1,119,311  
                 

Stockholders' Equity

               

Preferred shares -$.001 par value; 4,000,000 authorized; no shares outstanding as of May 31, 2024 and November 30, 2023

    -       -  

Preferred shares -$.001 par value; 1,000,000 Series A authorized; no shares outstanding as of May 31, 2024 and November 30, 2023

    -       -  

Common stock -$.001 par value; 15,000,000 shares authorized; 8,466,953 shares issued and 7,263,508 shares outstanding as of May 31, 2024 and November 30, 2023

    13,508,257       13,508,257  

Additional paid-in capital

    987,034       987,034  

Treasury stock

    (222,781 )     (222,781 )

Accumulated deficit

    (11,067,033 )     (11,093,317 )

Total Stockholders' Equity

    3,205,477       3,179,193  

Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity

  $ 4,752,725     $ 4,298,504  

 

SEE ACCOMPANYING NOTES

 

3

 

 

BAB, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Income

For the Three and Six Months ended May 31, 2024 and May 31, 2023

(Unaudited)

 

   

Three months ended May 31,

   

Six months ended May 31,

 
   

2024

   

2023

   

2024

   

2023

 

REVENUES

                               

Royalty fees from franchised stores

  $ 513,474     $ 494,933     $ 973,163     $ 937,541  

Franchise Fees

    9,215       7,054       19,461       11,401  

Licensing fees and other income

    53,513       75,674       160,101       135,994  

Marketing fund revenue

    306,636       286,739       566,047       525,057  

Total Revenues

    882,838       864,400       1,718,772       1,609,993  
                                 

OPERATING EXPENSES

                               

Selling, general and administrative expenses:

                               

Payroll and payroll-related expenses

    231,482       231,904       487,811       503,623  

Occupancy

    28,950       33,759       62,291       68,407  

Advertising and promotion

    398       4,904       762       7,705  

Professional service fees

    37,834       25,625       89,613       78,677  

Travel

    5,209       7,043       8,231       8,274  

Employee benefit expenses

    33,829       38,548       70,633       77,870  

Depreciation and amortization

    981       922       1,961       1,845  

Marketing fund expenses

    306,636       286,739       566,047       525,057  

Other

    51,069       63,866       122,993       118,046  

Total Operating Expenses

    696,388       693,310       1,410,342       1,389,504  

Income from operations

    186,450       171,090       308,430       220,489  

Interest income

    16,735       5,438       32,260       5,559  

Income before provision for income taxes

    203,185       176,528       340,690       226,048  

Provision for income taxes

                               

Current tax expense

    61,349       75,823       122,140       90,023  

Deferred tax

    (3,849 )     (25,823 )     (25,640 )     (25,823 )

Total Tax Provision

    57,500       50,000       96,500       64,200  
                                 

Net Income

  $ 145,685     $ 126,528     $ 244,190     $ 161,848  
                                 

Net Income per share - Basic and Diluted

  $ 0.02     $ 0.02     $ 0.03     $ 0.02  
                                 

Weighted average shares outstanding - Basic and diluted

    7,263,508       7,263,508       7,263,508       7,263,508  

Cash distributions declared per share

  $ 0.01     $ 0.01     $ 0.03     $ 0.03  

 

SEE ACCOMPANYING NOTES

 

4

 

 

BAB, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

For the Six Months ended May 31, 2024 and May 31, 2023

(Unaudited)

 

   

May 31, 2024

   

May 31, 2023

 

Operating activities

               

Net Income

  $ 244,190     $ 161,848  

Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash flows provided by operating activities:

               

Depreciation and amortization

    1,961       1,845  

Deferred tax expense

    (25,640 )     (25,823 )

Provision for uncollectible accounts, net of recoveries

    20,745       -  

Noncash lease expense

    47,577       49,655  

Changes in:

               

Trade accounts receivable and notes receivable

    (19,253 )     17,538  

Marketing fund contributions receivable

    (3,561 )     (9,555 )

Prepaid expenses and other

    731       68,496  

Accounts payable

    13,460       8,255  

Accrued liabilities

    57,596       20,783  

Unexpended marketing fund contributions

    25,413       68,490  

Deferred revenue

    (10,211 )     32,218  

Operating lease liability

    (40,177 )     (58,940 )

Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities

    312,831       334,810  
                 
                 

 

Financing activities

 

               

Cash distributions/dividends

    (217,906 )     (217,905 )

Net Cash Used In Financing Activities

    (217,906 )     (217,905 )
                 

Net (Decrease)/Increase in Cash and Restricted Cash

    94,925       116,905  

Cash and Restricted Cash - Beginning of Period

    2,072,672       1,902,661  

Cash and Restricted Cash - End of Period

  $ 2,167,597     $ 2,019,566  
                 
                 

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:

               

Interest paid

  $ -     $ -  

Income taxes paid

  $ 78,500     $ 7,500  

Non-cash operating activities:

               

Right-of-use operating asset obtained in exchange for operating lease liability

  $ 401,430     $ -  

 

SEE ACCOMPANYING NOTES

 

5

 

BAB, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

For the Three and Six Months Ended May 31, 2024 and May 31, 2023

(Unaudited)

 

 

 

Note 1. Nature of Operations

 

BAB, Inc. (“the Company”) has three wholly owned subsidiaries: BAB Systems, Inc. (“Systems”), BAB Operations, Inc. (“Operations”) and BAB Investments, Inc. (“Investments”). Systems was incorporated on December 2, 1992, and was primarily established to franchise Big Apple Bagels® (“BAB”) specialty bagel retail stores. My Favorite Muffin (“MFM”) was acquired in 1997 and is included as a part of Systems. Brewster’s (“Brewster’s”) was established in 1996 and the coffee is sold in BAB and MFM locations. SweetDuet® (“SD”) frozen yogurt can be added as an additional brand in a BAB location. Operations was formed in 1995, primarily to operate Company-owned stores of which there are currently none. The assets of Jacobs Bros. Bagels (“Jacobs Bros.”) were acquired in 1999, and any branded wholesale business uses this trademark. Investments was incorporated in 2009 to be used for the purpose of acquisitions. To date there have been no acquisitions.

 

The Company was incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware on July 12, 2000.  The Company currently franchises and licenses bagel and muffin retail units under the BAB, MFM and SD trade names. At May 31, 2024, the Company had 64 franchise units and 4 licensed units in operation in 20 states. There are 4 units under development. The Company additionally derives income from the sale of its trademark bagels, muffins and coffee through nontraditional channels of distribution including under licensing agreements.

 

The BAB franchised brand consists of units operating as “Big Apple Bagels®,” featuring daily baked bagels, flavored cream cheeses, premium coffees, gourmet bagel sandwiches and other related products. BAB units are primarily concentrated in the Midwest and Western United States.  The MFM brand consists of units operating as “My Favorite Muffin Gourmet Muffin Bakery®” (“MFM Bakery”), featuring a large variety of freshly baked muffins and coffees and units operating as “My Favorite Muffin Your All-Day Bakery Café®” (“MFM Cafe”) featuring these products as well as a variety of specialty bagel sandwiches and related products.  The SweetDuet® is a branded self-serve frozen yogurt that can be added as an additional brand in a BAB location.  Although the Company doesn't actively market Brewster's stand-alone franchises, Brewster's coffee products are sold in most franchised units.     

 

The Company is leveraging on the natural synergy of distributing muffin products in existing BAB units and, alternatively, bagel products and Brewster's Coffee in existing MFM units. The Company expects to continue to realize efficiencies in servicing the combined base of BAB and MFM franchisees.

 

The Company has a minority interest in Athletes HQ Systems, Inc. (“AHQ”). AHQ franchises indoor baseball and softball practice and coaching facilities with knowledgeable instructors.

 

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements are unaudited. These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles have been omitted pursuant to such SEC rules and regulations; nevertheless, the Company believes that the disclosures are adequate to make the information presented not misleading.  These financial statements and the notes hereto should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended November 30, 2023 which was filed February 26, 2024.  In the opinion of the Company's management, the condensed consolidated financial statements for the unaudited interim period presented include all adjustments, including normal recurring adjustments, necessary to fairly present the results of such interim period and the financial position as of the end of said period. The results of operations for the interim period are not necessarily indicative of the results for the full year.

 

6

  

 

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

 

Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

 

The accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of BAB, Inc. have been prepared pursuant to generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) for Form 10-Q. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

 

Use of Estimates

 

The preparation of the financial statements and accompanying notes are in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reported periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

 

Cash and Cash Equivalents

 

Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, demand deposits and treasury notes with banks and equity firms with original maturities of less than 90 days. The balance of bank accounts may, at times, exceed federally insured credit limits. The Company has not experienced any loss in such accounts and believes it is not subject to any significant credit risk related to cash at May 31, 2024.

 

Accounts Receivable and Notes Receivable

 

The Company adopted FASB ASC Topic 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses, (“CECL”) with an adoption date of December 1, 2023. As a result, the Company changed its accounting policy for allowance for credit losses and the policy pursuant to CECL is disclosed below.

 

The CECL reserve methodology requires companies to measure expected credit losses on financial instruments based on the total estimated amount to be collected over the lifetime of the instrument. Under the CECL model, reserves may be established against financial asset balances even if the risk of loss is remote or has not yet manifested itself. The Company records specific reserves against account balances of franchisees deemed at-risk when a potential loss is likely or imminent as a result of prolonged payment delinquency (greater than 90 days past due) and where notable credit deterioration has become evident. For financial assets that are not currently deemed at-risk, an allowance is recorded based on expected loss rates derived pursuant to the Company's CECL methodology that assesses four components - historical losses, current conditions, reasonable and supportable forecasts, and a reversion to history, if applicable.

 

7

 

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

 

Accounts Receivable and Notes Receivable (Continued)

 

The Company considers its portfolio segments to be the following:

 

Accounts Receivable (Franchise-Related): Most of the Company’s short-term receivables due from franchisees are derived from royalty, advertising and other franchise-related fees.

 

Notes Receivable: Notes receivable balances primarily relate to the conversion of (1) certain past due franchisee accounts receivable or (2) early franchise termination fees, to notes receivable. These notes are usually not collateralized. A significant portion of these notes have specific reserves recorded against them amounting to $49,618 as of May 31, 2024.

 

Leases Receivable: Leases receivable consist of a single equipment lease receivable at May 31, 2024. The Company purchased equipment and leased the equipment to a franchisee. The equipment lease is collateralized by the equipment. The outstanding balance of the lease receivable is estimated to equate to the fair value of the equipment collateralizing the lease contracts, and is stated net of the unamortized interest income of $973 at May 31, 2024.

 

Accounts Receivables (Vendor Related): Receivables due from vendors and distributors consist of royalty receivables related to the sale of certain food products to franchisees through the Company’s network of suppliers and distributors and are included as part of Accounts Receivable.

 

Receivable balances by portfolio segment as of May 31, 2024 and November 30, 2023 are as follows:

 

   

May 31,

2024

   

November 30,

2023

 

Accounts Receivable (Franchise Related)

  $ 65,632     $ 55,781  

Accounts Receivable (Vendor Related)

    21,750       28,895  

Notes Receivable

    53,923       30,873  

Lease Receivable, Net of Unamortized Interest

    35,364       38,306  
      176,669       153,855  

Less: Allowance for Credit Losses

    (49,618 )     (28,873 )

Total Receivables

    127,051       124,982  

Less: Current Portion

    (97,624 )     (92,576 )

Long-Term Receivables

  $ 29,427     $ 32,406  

 

The Company's internal credit quality indicators for all portfolio segments primarily consider delinquency. Current and collateralized lease receivables have an internal risk rating of Grade I. The Company does not currently have any uncollateralized lease receivables. Past due lease receivables would be assigned an internal risk rating of Grade II-IV, depending on significance of delinquency. For uncollateralized notes receivable, the Company also considers the status of the franchisee note holder and the term of the note. Notes receivable from current franchisees are considered to have an elevated risk of credit loss based on their common origination from past due franchise accounts receivable but have some indication of collectability given ongoing operations (Internal Grade II). Notes receivable due from payers who no longer have an operating franchise are considered to have a high likelihood of credit loss (Internal Grade III). That likelihood increases if the note is outstanding for longer than one year (Internal Grade IV). At May 31, 2024, all notes receivable were due from former franchisees and had an original term over one year.

 

8

 

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

 

Accounts Receivable and Notes Receivable (Continued)

 

Changes in the allowance for credit losses during the six months ended May 31, 2024 were as follows:

 

   

Accounts

Receivable

(Franchise

Related)

   

Accounts

Receivable

(Vendor

Related)

   

Notes

Receivable

   

Lease

Receivable,

Net

   

Total

 

Balance at November 30, 2023

  $ -     $ -     $ 28,873     $ -     $ 28,873  

Adjustments to Allowance for Adoption of ASU 2016-13

    -       -       -       -       -  

Write-offs

    -       -       -       -       -  

Recoveries

    -       -       (2,304 )     -       (2,304 )

Provision for Credit Losses

    -       -       23,049       -       23,049  

Balance at May 31, 2024

  $ -     $ -     $ 49,618     $ -     $ 49,618  

 

 

The Company considers a receivable past due 31 days after the payment due date. The delinquency status of receivables (other than accounts receivable) at May 31, 2024 was as follows:

 

   

Current

   

0-30 days Past Due

   

30-60 days Past Due

   

60-90 days past due

   

Over 90 days past due

   

Total

 
                                                 

Notes Receivable

  $ 43,050     $ -     $ -     $ -     $ 10,873     $ 53,923  

Lease Receivable, Net of Unamortized Interest

    35,364       -       -       -       -       35,364  
    $ 78,414     $ -     $ -     $ -     $ 10,873     $ 89,287  

 

The fiscal year of origination of the Company's gross notes receivable and lease receivables by risk rating are as follows:

 

   

2024

   

2023

   

2022

   

2021

   

2020

   

Prior

   

Total

 

Risk rating

                                                       

Internal Grade I

  $ -     $ -     $ 35,364     $ -     $ -     $ -     $ 35,364  

Internal Grade II

    -       -       -       -       -       -       -  

Internal Grade III

    24,094       18,956       -       -       -       -       43,050  

Internal Grade IV

    -       -       -       -       -       10,873       10,873  

Notes and Lease Receivables, Net of Unamortized Interest

  $ 24,094     $ 18,956     $ 35,364     $ -     $ -     $ 10,873     $ 89,287  

 

 

9

 

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

 

Lease Receivable

 

The Company leases restaurant equipment to a certain franchisee under a sales-type lease agreement. Under the terms of the agreement, title to the equipment passes to the customer once all lease payments have been made and a reasonable buy-out fee is paid. The Company retains title or a security interest in the equipment until such time. The sales and cost of sales are recognized at the inception of the lease. The profit or loss on the issuance of the lease is recorded in the period of commencement. The investment in sales-type leases consists of the sum of the minimum lease payments receivable less unearned interest income and, if applicable, estimated executory cost. Minimum lease payments are part of the lease agreement between the Company (as the lessor) and the franchisee (as the lessee). The discount rate implicit in the lease is used to calculate the present value of minimum lease payments. The minimum lease payments consist of the gross lease payments net of executory costs, if any. Unearned interest income is amortized to income over the lease term to produce a constant periodic rate of return on net investment in the lease. While revenue is recognized at the inception of the lease, the cash flow from the sales-type lease occurs over the course of the lease, which results in interest income and reduction of receivables.

 

Property, Plant and Equipment

 

Property, equipment and leasehold improvements are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Estimated useful lives are 3 to 7 years for property and equipment and 10 years, or term of lease if less, for leasehold improvements. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. Expenditures that materially extend the useful lives of assets are capitalized.

 

Other Assets

 

Other assets include a minority investment in AHQ Systems, Inc. The shares were issued to BAB, Inc. as compensation for consulting services and are valued at $2,250. The value of the investment is immaterial and has not been adjusted to fair market value.

 

Advertising and Promotion Costs

 

The Company expenses advertising and promotion costs as incurred. All advertising and promotion costs were related to the Company’s franchise operations.

 

Lease Liabilities

 

The company accounts for leases under ASC 842. Lease arrangements are determined at the inception of the contract. Operating leases are included in operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and other current and long-term operating lease liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. Finance leases are included in property and equipment, other current liabilities, and other long-term liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. 

 

Operating lease ROU assets and operating lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term at commencement date. As most leases do not provide an implicit rate, we use an incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of future payments. The operating lease ROU asset also includes any lease payments made and excludes lease incentives and initial direct costs incurred. The lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. Lease expense for minimum lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

 

10

 

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

 

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

 

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, “Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures” which is intended to simplify various aspects related to accounting for income taxes. ASU 2023-09 removes certain exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740 and also clarifies and amends existing guidance to improve consistent application. The amendments in ASU 2023-09 are effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, including interim periods therein. Early adoption of the standard is permitted, including adoption in interim or annual periods for which financial statements have not yet been issued. The Company will adopt ASU 2023-09 for fiscal year ending November 30, 2026.

 

Management does not believe that there are any recently issued and effective or not yet effective accounting pronouncements as of May 31, 2024 that would have or are expected to have any significant effect on the Company’s financial position, cash flows or income statement.

 

 

Statement of Cash Flows

 

The chart below shows the cash and restricted cash within the consolidated statements of cash flows as of May 31, 2024 and 2023 were as follows:

 

   

May 31, 2024

   

May 31, 2023

 
                 

Cash and cash equivalents

  $ 1,937,678     $ 1,682,226  

Restricted cash

    229,919       337,340  

Total cash and restricted cash

  $ 2,167,597     $ 2,019,566  

  

 

3. Revenue Recognition

 

Franchise and related revenue

 

The Company sells individual franchises. The franchise agreements typically require the franchisee to pay an initial, non-refundable fee prior to opening the respective location(s), and continuing royalty fees on a weekly basis based upon a percentage of franchisee net sales. The initial term of franchise agreements are typically 10 years.  Subject to the Company’s approval, a franchisee may generally renew the franchise agreement upon its expiration.  If approved, a franchisee may transfer a franchise agreement to a new or existing franchisee, at which point a transfer fee is typically paid by the current owner which then terminates that franchise agreement. A franchise agreement is signed with the new franchisee with no franchise fee required. If a contract is terminated prior to its term, it is a breach of contract and a penalty is assessed based on a formula reviewed and approved by management. Revenue generated from a contract breach is termed settlement income by the Company and included in licensing fees and other income.

 

11

 

3. Revenue Recognition

 

Franchise and related revenue (continued)

 

Under the terms of our franchise agreements, the Company typically promises to provide franchise rights, pre-opening services such as blueprints, operational materials, planning and functional training courses, and ongoing services, such as management of the marketing fund. The Company considers certain pre-opening activities and the franchise rights and related ongoing services to represent two separate performance obligations. The franchise fee revenue has been allocated to the two separate performance obligations using a residual approach. The Company has estimated the value of performance obligations related to certain pre-opening activities deemed to be distinct based on cost plus an applicable margin, and assigned the remaining amount of the initial franchise fee to the franchise rights and ongoing services. Revenue allocated to preopening activities is recognized when (or as) these services are performed. Revenue allocated to franchise rights and ongoing services is deferred until the store opens, and recognized on a straight-line basis over the duration of the agreement, as this ensures that revenue recognition aligns with the customer’s access to the franchise right.

 

Royalty fees from franchised stores represent a 5% fee on net retail and wholesale sales of franchised units. Royalty revenues are recognized on an accrual basis using actual franchise receipts. Generally, franchisees report and remit royalties on a weekly basis. The majority of month-end receipts are recorded on an accrual basis based on actual numbers from reports received from franchisees shortly after the month-end. Estimates are utilized in certain instances where actual numbers have not been received and such estimates are based on the average of the last 10 weeks’ actual reported sales.

 

Royalty revenue is recognized during the respective franchise agreement based on the royalties earned each period as the underlying franchise store sales occur.

 

There are two items involving revenue recognition of contracts that require us to make subjective judgments: the determination of which performance obligations are distinct within the context of the overall contract and the estimated stand-alone selling price of each obligation. In instances where our contract includes significant customization or modification services, the customization and modification services are generally combined and recorded as one distinct performance obligation.

 

Gift Card Breakage Revenue

 

The Company sells gift cards to its customers in its retail stores and through its Corporate office. The Company’s gift cards do not have an expiration date and are not redeemable for cash except where required by law. Revenue from gift cards is recognized upon redemption in exchange for product and reported within franchisee store revenue and the royalty and marketing fees are paid and shown in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. Until redemption, outstanding customer balances are recorded as a liability. An obligation is recorded at the time of sale of the gift card and it is included in accrued expenses on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

 

The liability is reduced when the gift cards are redeemed by a franchise. Although there are no expiration dates for our gift cards, based on our analysis of historical gift card redemption patterns, we can reasonably estimate the amount of gift cards for which redemption is remote, which is referred to as “breakage.” The Company recognizes gift card breakage proportional to actual gift card redemptions on a quarterly basis and the corresponding revenue is included in licensing fees and other revenue. Significant judgments and estimates are required in determining the breakage rate and will be reassessed each quarter.

 

12

 

3. Revenue Recognition (continued)

 

Nontraditional and rebate revenue

 

As part of the Company’s franchise agreements, the franchisee purchases products and supplies from designated vendors.  The Company may receive various fees and rebates from the vendors and distributors on product purchases by franchisees.  In addition, the Company may collect various initial fees, and those fees are classified as deferred revenue in the balance sheet and straight lined over the life of the contract as deferred revenue in the balance sheet. The Company does not possess control of the products prior to their transfer to the franchisee and products are delivered to franchisees directly from the vendor or their distributors. The Company recognizes the rebates as franchisees purchase products and supplies from vendors or distributors and recognizes the initial fees over the contract life and the fees are reported as licensing fees and other income in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income.

 

Marketing Fund

 

Franchise agreements require the franchisee to pay continuing marketing fees on a weekly basis, based on a percentage of franchisee sales. Marketing fees are not paid on franchise wholesale sales. The balance sheet includes marketing fund cash, which is the restricted cash, accounts receivable and unexpended marketing fund contributions. Although the marketing fees are not separate performance obligations distinct from the underlying franchise right, the Company acts as the principal as it is primarily responsible for the fulfillment and control of the marketing services. As a result, the Company records marketing fees in revenues and related marketing fund expenditures in expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Income. The Company historically presented the net activities of the marketing fund within the balance sheet in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. While this reclassification impacts the gross amount of reported revenue and expenses the amounts will be offsetting, and there is no impact on net income.   

 

Disaggregation of Revenue

 

The following table presents disaggregation of revenue from contracts with customers for the three months and six months ended May 31, 2024 and 2023:

 

   

For three

months ended

May 31, 2024

   

For three

months ended

May 31, 2023

   

For six

months ended

May 31, 2024

   

For six

months ended

May 31, 2023

 
                                 

Revenue recognized at a point in time

                               

Sign Shop revenue

  $ -     $ 2,022     $ 1,379     $ 2,179  

Settlement revenue

    1,000       6,000       26,610       12,500  

Total revenue at a point in time

    1,000       8,022       27,989       14,679  

Revenue recognized over time

                               

Royalty revenue

    513,474       494,933       973,163       937,541  

Franchise fees

    9,215       7,054       19,461       11,401  

License fees

    5,978       5,443       11,956       9,589  

Gift card revenue

    313       1,796       3,159       2,100  

Nontraditional revenue

    46,222       60,413       116,997       109,626  

Marketing fund revenue

    306,636       286,739       566,047       525,057  

Total revenue over time

    881,838       856,378       1,690,783       1,595,314  

Grand total

  $ 882,838     $ 864,400     $ 1,718,772     $ 1,609,993  

 

 

13

 

3. Revenue Recognition (continued)

 

Contract balances

 

The balance of contract liabilities includes franchise fees, license fees and vendor payments that have ongoing contract rights and the fees are being straight lined over the contract life. Contract liabilities also include marketing fund balances and gift card liability balances.

 

   

May 31, 2024

   

November 30, 2023

 

Liabilities

               

Contract liabilities - current

  $ 481,823     $ 458,162  

Contract liabilities - long-term

    157,743       162,026  

Total Contract Liabilities

  $ 639,566     $ 620,188  

 

   

May 31, 2024

   

November 30, 2023

 

Contracts at beginning of period

  $ 620,188     $ 692,360  
                 

Revenue Recognized during period

    (724,651 )     (1,685,740 )

Additions during period

    744,029       1,613,568  

Contracts at end of period

  $ 639,566     $ 620,188  

 

Transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations (franchise agreements and license fee agreement) for the year ended November 30:

 

2024

  $ 15,328  

(a)

2025

    26,005    

2026

    25,780    

2027

    19,133    

2028

    18,600    

Thereafter

    77,063    

Total

  $ 181,909    

 

(a) represents the estimate for the remainder of 2024

 

14

  

 

4. Units Open and Under Development

 

Units which are open or under development at May 31, 2024 and 2023 are as follows:

 

   

May 31, 2024

   

May 31, 2023

 

Stores open:

               

Franchisee-owned stores

    64       67  

Licensed Units

    4       3  
      68       70  
                 

Unopened stores with Franchise Agreements

    4       4  
                 

Total operating units and units with Franchise Agreements

    72       74  

  

 

5. Earnings per Share

 

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share:

 

   

For the three months ended:

   

For the six months ended:

 
   

May 31, 2024

   

May 31, 2023

   

May 31, 2024

   

May 31, 2023

 

Numerator:

                               

Net income available to common shareholders

  $ 145,685     $ 126,528     $ 244,190     $ 161,848  
                                 

Denominator:

                               

Weighted average outstanding shares

                               

Basic and diluted common stock

    7,263,508       7,263,508       7,263,508       7,263,508  

Earnings per Share - Basic

  $ 0.02     $ 0.02     $ 0.03     $ 0.02  

  

 

6. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

 

Accounting Standard Codification (“ASC”) 350 “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets” requires that assets with indefinite lives no longer be amortized, but instead be subject to annual impairment tests.

 

Following the guidelines contained in ASC 350, the Company tests goodwill and intangible assets that are not subject to amortization for impairment annually or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate that impairment is possible. The Company has elected to conduct its annual test during the first quarter. During the quarter ended February 29, 2024 and February 28, 2023, management qualitatively assessed goodwill to determine whether testing was necessary. Factors that management considers in this assessment include macroeconomic conditions, industry and market considerations, overall financial performance (both current and projected), changes in management and strategy, and changes in the composition and carrying amounts of net assets. If this qualitative assessment indicates that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than it’s carrying value, a quantitative assessment is then performed. Based on a review of the First Quarter goodwill assessment during the current quarter, management does not believe that an impairment exists at May 31, 2024.

 

15

  

 

7. Lease Receivable

 

The Company leases restaurant equipment to a certain franchise under a sales-type lease agreement. The lease agreement does not contain any non-lease components. The lease term is for a period of seven years, beginning June 1, 2022 and ending June 1, 2029. The lease requires weekly payments of $121 for a total 365 payments, and a final optional buy-out payment of $4,800, which management believes estimates residual value. At May 31, 2024, management does not believe the unguaranteed residual asset value of $4,800 to be impaired.

 

During the six months ending May 31, 2024, the Company recorded interest income from the lease receivable of $200.

 

The sales lease is included in the balance sheet at the current value of the lease payments at a 1.25% discount rate, which reflects the rate implicit in the lease agreement.

 

Future minimum lease payments receivable as of May 31, 2024 are as follows:

 

     

Undiscounted

Rent Payments

 

Year Ending November 30:

         

2024

    $ 3,142  

2025

      6,283  

2026

      6,404  

2027

      6,283  

2028

      6,283  

thereafter

      7,942  

Total Undiscounted Lease Payments

      36,337  
           

Unamortized interest income

      (973 )

Lease receivable, net

    $ 35,364  
           

Short-term lease receivable

    $ 5,937  

Long-term lease receivable

      29,427  

Total lease receivable

    $ 35,364  

 

16

  

 

8. Lease Commitments

 

The Company rents its office under an operating lease which requires it to pay base rent, real estate taxes, insurance and general repairs and maintenance.  The lease effective during the quarter was signed in June of 2018, effective October 1, 2018, expiring on March 31, 2024.  On February 15, 2024, a lease amendment was signed, effective April 1, 2024 for a 6-year period, expiring March 31, 2030, with an option to renew for a 5-year period.  The amendment continues to require the Company to pay base rent, real estate taxes, insurance and general repairs and maintenance.  The amendment includes a ten-month rent abatement over the lease term, specifically defined in the agreement, and tenant allowance in the amount of $158,940. The tenant allowance is to be applied evenly to the 62 months that were not abated. The renewal option has not been included in the measurement of the lease liability. 

 

Monthly rent expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. At May 31, 2024 the remaining lease term was 70 months. The lease amendment is reflected in the balance of the Lease Liability on the balance sheet at the present value of the lease payments using an 8.50% discount rate. The discount rate was considered to be an estimate of the Company’s incremental borrowing rate.

 

Gross future minimum annual rental commitments as of May 31, 2024 are as follows:

 

     

Undiscounted

Rent Payments

 

Year Ending November 30:

         

2024

    $ 45,546  

2025

      77,737  

2026

      80,837  

2027

      84,024  

2028

      96,163  

Thereafter

      136,725  

Total Undiscounted Rent Payments

    $ 521,032  
           

Present Value Discount

      (113,895 )

Present Value

    $ 407,137  
           

Short-term lease liability

    $ 44,066  

Long-term lease liability

      363,071  

Total Operating Lease Liability

    $ 407,137  

  

 

9. Income Taxes

 

For the three months ended May 31, 2024, the Company recorded current and deferred tax expense of $57,500 for an effective tax rate of 28.3% compared to $50,000 of current and deferred tax expense for the three months ended May 31, 2023 for an effective tax rate of 28.3%.

 

For the six months ended May 31, 2024, the Company recorded current and deferred tax expense of $96,500 for an effective tax rate of 28.3% compared to $64,200 of current and deferred tax expense for the six months ended May 31, 2023 for an effective tax rate of 28.4%.

 

17

  

 

10. Stockholders Equity

 

On June 06, 2024 the Board of Director (“Board”) declared a $0.01 quarterly cash distribution, payable on July 12, 2024 to shareholders of record as of June 24, 2024. On March 6, 2024 the Board declared a $0.01 quarterly cash distribution, payable on April 12, 2024 to shareholders of record as of March 21, 2024. On December 11, 2023 the Board declared a $0.02 cash distribution/dividend per share, $0.01 quarterly and $0.01 special to stockholders of record as of December 27, 2023, paid January 16, 2024.

 

On September 12, 2023 the Board declared a $0.01 distribution/dividend per share to stockholders of record as of September 28, 2023, payable October 18, 2023. On June 6, 2023 the Board declared a $0.01 distribution/dividend per share to stockholders of record as of June 22, 2023, paid on July 11, 2023. On March 13, 2023 the Board declared a $0.01 distribution/dividend per share to stockholders of record as of March 30, 2023, paid on April 19, 2023. On December 07, 2022 the Board declared a $0.02 cash distribution/dividend per share, $0.01 quarterly and $0.01 special, to stockholders of record as of December 22, 2022, paid January 11, 2023.

 

On May 6, 2013, the Board authorized and declared a dividend distribution of one right for each outstanding share of the common stock of the Company to stockholders of record at the close of business on May 13, 2013. Each right entitles the registered holder to purchase from the Company one one-thousandth of a share of the Series A Participating Preferred Stock of the Company at an exercise price of $0.90 per one-thousandth of a Preferred Share, subject to adjustment. The complete terms of the Rights are set forth in a Preferred Shares Rights Agreement, dated May 6, 2013, between the Company and IST Shareholder Services, as rights agent.

 

The Board adopted the Rights Agreement to protect stockholders from coercive or otherwise unfair takeover tactics. In general terms, it works by imposing a significant penalty upon any person or group, other than exempt person as defined in the agreement, that acquires 15% (or 20% in the case of certain institutional investors who report their holdings on Schedule 13G) or more of the Common Shares without the approval of the Board. As a result, the overall effect of the Rights Agreement and the issuance of the Rights may be to render more difficult a merger, tender or exchange offer or other business combination involving the Company that is not approved by the Board. However, neither the Rights Agreement nor the Rights should interfere with any merger, tender or exchange offer or other business combination approved by the Board.

 

Full details about the Rights Plan are contained in a Form 8-K filed by the Company with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on May 7, 2013.

 

On June 18, 2014 an amendment to the Preferred Shares Rights Agreement was filed appointing American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC as successor to Illinois Stock Transfer Company. All original rights and provisions remain unchanged. On August 18, 2015 an amendment was filed to the Preferred Shares Rights Agreement changing the final expiration date to mean the fifth anniversary of the date of the original agreement. All other original rights and provisions remain the same. On May 22, 2017 an amendment was filed extending the final expiration date to mean the seventh anniversary date of the original agreement. All other original rights and provisions remain the same. On February 22, 2019 an amendment was filed extending the final expiration date to mean the ninth anniversary date of the original agreement. All other original rights and provisions remain the same. On March 4, 2021 an amendment was filed extending the final expiration date to mean the eleventh anniversary date of the original agreement. All other original rights and provisions remain the same. On April 4, 2023 an amendment was filed extending the final expiration date to mean the fourteenth anniversary date of the original agreement. All other original rights and provisions remain the same.

 

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ITEM 2.

MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

 

Certain statements contained in Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, including statements regarding the development of the Company's business, the markets for the Company's products, anticipated capital expenditures, and the effects of completed and proposed acquisitions, and other statements contained herein regarding matters that are not historical facts, are forward-looking statements as is within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Because such statements include risks and uncertainties, actual results could differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements as set forth in this report, the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K and other reports that the Company files with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Certain risks and uncertainties are wholly or partially outside the control of the Company and its management, including its ability to attract new franchisees; the continued success of current franchisees; the effects of competition on franchisees and consumer acceptance of the Company's products in new and existing markets; fluctuation in development and operating costs; brand awareness; availability and terms of capital; adverse publicity; acceptance of new product offerings; availability of locations and terms of sites for store development; food, labor and employee benefit costs; changes in government regulation (including increases in the minimum wage); regional economic and weather conditions; the hiring, training, and retention of skilled corporate and restaurant management; and the integration and assimilation of acquired concepts. Accordingly, readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which reflect management's analysis only as of the date hereof. The Company undertakes no obligation to publicly release the results of any revision to these forward-looking statements which may be made to reflect events or circumstances after the date hereof or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.

 

General

 

There are 64 franchised and 4 licensed units at May 31, 2024 compared to 67 franchised and 3 licensed units at May 31, 2023.  System-wide revenues for the six months ended May 31, 2024 were $20.2 million and May 31, 2023 was $19.4 million.

 

The Company's revenues are derived primarily from the ongoing royalties paid to the Company by its franchisees and receipt of initial franchise fees.  Additionally, the Company derives revenue from the sale of licensed products (My Favorite Muffin mix, and Brewster's coffee), and through nontraditional channels of distribution.

 

Royalty fees represent a 5% fee on net retail and wholesale sales of franchised units. Royalty revenues are recognized on an accrual basis using actual franchise receipts. Generally, franchisees report and remit royalties on a weekly basis. The majority of month-end receipts are recorded on an accrual basis based on actual numbers from reports received from franchisees shortly after the month-end. Estimates are utilized in certain instances where actual numbers have not been received and such estimates are based on the average of the last 10 weeks’ actual reported sales.

 

There are two items involving revenue recognition of contracts that require us to make subjective judgments: the determination of which performance obligations are distinct within the context of the overall contract and the estimated stand-alone selling price of each obligation. In instances where our contract includes significant customization or modification services, the customization and modification services are generally combined and recorded as one distinct performance obligation.

 

The Company earns licensing fees from the sale of BAB branded products, which includes coffee, cream cheese, muffin mix and frozen bagels from a third-party commercial bakery, to the franchised and licensed units.

 

As of May 31, 2024, the Company employed 11 full-time employees and one part-time employee at the Corporate office. The employees are responsible for corporate management and oversight, accounting, advertising and franchising.  None of the Company's employees are subject to any collective bargaining agreements and management considers its relations with its employees to be good.

 

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Results of Operations

 

Three Months Ended May 31, 2024 versus Three Months Ended May 31, 2023

 

For the three months ended May 31, 2024 and May 31, 2023, the Company reported net income of $146,000 and $127,000, respectively. Total revenue of $883,000 increased $19,000, or 2.2%, for the three months ended May 31, 2024, as compared to total revenue of $864,000 for the three months ended May 31, 2023.

 

Royalty fee revenue of $513,000, for the quarter ended May 31, 2024, increased $18,000, or 3.6%, from the $495,000 for quarter ended May 31, 2023. Some factors contributing to the increased sales, was the usage of online ordering and delivery services in their areas and price increases for products sold

 

Franchise fee revenue was $9,000, for the quarter ended May 31, 2024, an increase of $2,000, or 28.6%, from $7,000 for May 31, 2023. In the second quarters of 2024 and 2023 there was one store transferred and both years had normal annual amortization. Licensing fee and other income of $54,000, for the quarter ended May 31, 2024, decreased $22,000 or 28.9% from $76,000 for same quarter 2023. Settlement revenue decreased in the second quarter 2024 by $5,000 and license fee and other revenue decreased by $17,000 compared to same period 2023.

 

Marketing Fund revenues of $307,000, for the quarter ended May 31, 2024, increased $20,000, or 7.0% from $287,000 for the quarter ended May 31, 2023.

 

Total operating expenses of $696,000, for the quarter ended May 31, 2024, increased $3,000, or 0.4% from $693,000 for the quarter ended May 31, 2023. Legal fees increased $12,000 and franchisee marketing expenses increased $20,000, offset by a decrease of $5,000 in each of occupancy expense, employee benefit expense and advertising expense. It was also offset by a decrease in business insurance of $5,000 a decrease in travel of $2,000, and a decrease in general expenses of $12,000 compared to the quarter ended May 31, 2023.

 

For the three months ended May 31, 2024 the provision for income tax was $57,500, compared to $50,000 for the three months ending May 31, 2023.

 

Earnings per share, as reported for basic and diluted outstanding shares, was $0.02 for the quarter ended May 31, 2024 and 2023.

 

Six Months Ended May 31, 2024 versus Six Months Ended May 31, 2023

 

For the six months ended May 31, 2024 and May 31, 2023, the Company reported net income of $244,000 and $162,000, respectively. Total revenue of $1,719,000 increased $109,000, or 6.8%, for the six months ended May 31, 2024, as compared to total revenue of $1,610,000 for the six months ended May 31, 2023.

 

Royalty fee revenue of $973,000, for the six months ended May 31, 2024, increased $35,000, or 3.7%, from the $938,000 for six months ended May 31, 2023. Some factors contributing to the increased sales, was the usage of online ordering and delivery services in their areas and price increases for products sold.

 

Franchise fee revenues of $19,000, for the six months ended May 31, 2024, increased $8,000, or 72.7%, from the $11,000 for the six months ended May 31, 2023. For the six months ended May 31, 2024, in addition to the normal franchise fee amortization, the Company recorded revenue for one store opening and one store transfer compared to one transfer in the same period 2023.

 

Licensing fee and other income of $160,000 for the six months ended May 31, 2024, increased $24,000 or 17.6% from $136,000 for same period 2023. For the six months ended May 31, 2024 there was a $14,000 increase in settlement income, a $1,000 increase in Sign Shop revenue and a $9,000 increase in licensing fee and other revenue in 2024 compared to same period 2023.

 

20

 

Results of Operations (continued)

 

Marketing Fund revenues of $566,000, for the six months ended May 31, 2024, increased $41,000 or 7.8% from $525,000 for same period 2023.

 

Total operating expenses of $1,410,000, for the six months ended May 31, 2024, increased $20,000, or 1.4% from $1,390,000 for the same period 2023. The increase was primarily related to a $21,000 increase in provision for bad debt, an $11,000 increase in legal and accounting fees, a $4,000 increase in franchise development and a $41,000 increase in marketing fund expenses, offset by a $16,000 decrease in salaries, a $6,000 decrease in occupancy an $7,000 decrease in advertising and a $7,000 decrease in employee benefit expense, a $10,000 decrease in insurance expense and a decrease in general expenses of $11,000 in the six months ended May 31, 2024 compared to the same period 2023.

 

For the six months ended May 31, 2024 and 2023 the provision for income tax was $96,500 and $64,200, respectively.

 

Earnings per share, as reported for basic and diluted outstanding shares for the six months ended May 31, 2024 and 2023 were $0.03 and $0.02, respectively.

 

Liquidity and Capital Resources

 

At May 31, 2024, the Company had working capital of $1,618,000 and unrestricted cash of $1,938,000. At May 31, 2023 the Company had working capital of $1,343,000 and unrestricted cash of $1,682,000.

 

During the six months ended May 31, 2024, the Company had net income of $244,000 and operating activities provided cash of $313,000. The principal adjustments to reconcile the net income to cash provided by operating activities for the six months ending May 31, 2024 was depreciation and amortization of $2,000, provision for uncollectible accounts of $21,000 and noncash lease expense of 48,000, less deferred tax reduction of $26,000. In addition, changes in operating assets and liabilities increased cash by $24,000. During the six months ended May 31, 2023 the Company had net income of $162,000 and operating activities provided cash of $335,000. The principal adjustments to reconcile the net income to cash provided by operating activities for the six months ending May 31, 2023 was depreciation and amortization of $2,000, and noncash lease expense of 50,000, less deferred tax reduction of $26,000. In addition, changes in operating assets and liabilities increased cash by $147,000.

 

The Company had no investing activities for the six months ended May 31, 2024 or 2023.

 

Cash distributions/dividends used $218,000 in financing activities for the six months ending May 31, 2024 and 2023.

 

Cash Distribution and Dividend Policy

 

It is the Company’s intent that future cash distributions/dividend payments will be considered after reviewing profitability expectations and financing needs and will be declared at the discretion of the Board of Directors. The Company will continue to analyze its ability to pay cash distributions/dividends on a quarterly basis. For 2024, a $0.02 cash distribution was declared for the first quarter and a $0.01 cash distribution has been declared for the second and third quarters.

 

Determination of whether distributions are considered a cash distribution, cash dividend or combination of the two will not be made until after December 31, 2024, as the classification or combination is dependent upon the Company’s earnings and profits for tax purposes for its fiscal year ending November 30, 2024.

 

21

 

Adopted Accounting Policies

 

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. The standard’s main goal is to improve financial reporting by requiring earlier recognition of credit losses on financing receivables and other financial assets in scope, including trade receivables. The amendments in this update broaden the information that an entity must consider in developing its expected credit loss estimate for assets measured either collectively or individually. The guidance in ASU 2016-13 is effective for public companies for fiscal years and for interim periods with those fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. The Company adopted ASU 2016-13 in the first quarter of fiscal 2024 and there was no material financial change. Enhanced disclosures are found in the Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.

 

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

 

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, “Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures” which is intended to simplify various aspects related to accounting for income taxes. ASU 2023-09 removes certain exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740 and also clarifies and amends existing guidance to improve consistent application. The amendments in ASU 2023-09 are effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, including interim periods therein. Early adoption of the standard is permitted, including adoption in interim or annual periods for which financial statements have not yet been issued. The Company will adopt ASU 2023-09 for fiscal year ending November 30, 2026.

 

Management does not believe that there are any recently issued and effective or not yet effective accounting pronouncements as of May 31, 2024 that would have or are expected to have any significant effect on the Company’s financial position, cash flows or income statement.

 

Critical Accounting Policies

 

The Company has identified other significant accounting policies that, as a result of the judgments, uncertainties, uniqueness and complexities of the underlying accounting standards and operations involved could result in material changes to its financial condition or results of operations under different conditions or using different assumptions.  The Company's most critical accounting policies are related to revenue recognition, valuation of long-lived and intangible assets, deferred tax assets and the related valuation allowance.  Details regarding the Company's use of these policies and the related estimates are described in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2023, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 26, 2024. 

 

22

 

ITEM 3.

QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

 

BAB, Inc. has no interest, currency or derivative market risk.

 

ITEM 4.

CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

 

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

 

Our management, with the participation of both our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on such evaluation, both our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of May 31, 2024 our disclosure controls and procedures are effective (i) to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and (ii) to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our executive and financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

 

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

 

There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15(d)-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the three months ending May 31, 2024 to which this report relates that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

 

Compliance with Section 404 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act

The Company is in compliance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the “Act”).

 

23

 

PART II

 

ITEM 1.

LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

 

We may be subject to various legal proceedings and claims, either asserted or unasserted, which arise in the ordinary course of business. While the outcome of such proceedings or claims cannot be predicted with certainty, management does not believe that the outcome of any of such proceedings or claims will have a material effect on our financial position. We know of no pending or threatened proceeding or claim to which we are or will be a party.

 

ITEM 2.  

UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

 

None.

 

ITEM 3.

DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

 

None.

 

ITEM 4.

MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

 

Not applicable

 

 

ITEM 5.

OTHER INFORMATION

 

There was no adoption, modification or termination of any Rule 10b5-1 or non-Rule 10b5-1 plans by any Directors or Officers of the Company in the quarter ended May 31, 2024.

 

 

24

 

(a)  EXHIBITS

 

The following exhibits are filed herewith.

.

INDEX NUMBER DESCRIPTION

3.1 Articles of Incorporation (See Form 10-KSB for year ended November 30, 2006 filed February 28, 2007)

3.2 Bylaws of the Company (See Form 10-KSB for year ended November 30, 2006 filed February 28, 2007)

4.1 Preferred Shares Rights Agreement (See Form 8-K filed May 7, 2013)

4.2 Preferred Shares Rights Agreement Amendment No. 1 (See Form 8-K filed June 18, 2014)

4.3 Preferred Shares Rights Agreement Amendment No. 2 (See Form 8-K filed August 18, 2015)

4.4 Preferred Shares Rights Agreement Amendment No. 3 (See Form 8-K filed May 22, 2017)

4.5 Preferred Shares Rights Agreement Amendment No. 4 (See Form 8-K filed February 25, 2019)

4.6 Preferred Shares Rights Agreement Amendment No. 5 (See Form 8-K filed March 8, 2021)

4.7 Preferred Shares Rights Agreement Amendment No. 6 (See Form 8-K filed April 4, 2023)

21.1 List of Subsidiaries of the Company

31.1, 31.2 Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

32.1, 32.2 Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

101.INS Inline XBRL Instance Document (the Instance Document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document)

101.SCH Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema

101.CAL Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation

101.DEF Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition

101.LAB Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels

101.PRE Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation

104 Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

 

25

 

SIGNATURE

 

In accordance with the requirements of the Exchange Act, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

 

BAB, Inc.

 

Dated: July 12, 2024

/s/ Geraldine Conn

 

Geraldine Conn

 

Chief Financial Officer

 

26