10-Q 1 cban-20230630.htm 10-Q cban-20230630
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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, DC 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
    QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT
    OF 1934
        
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2023
OR
    TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from _____ to _____
Commission File Number: 000-12436
COLONY BANKCORP, INC.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
Georgia58-1492391
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

115 South Grant Street, Fitzgerald, Georgia 31750
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
(229) 426-6000
(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)
Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each classTrading Symbol(s)Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, Par Value $1.00 per shareCBANThe NASDAQ Stock Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Sections 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.     Yes              No 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).     Yes              No 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large Accelerate Filer      Accelerated Filer        Non-accelerated Filer
Smaller Reporting Company      Emerging Growth Company 
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with the new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes  No 
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date: As of August 8, 2023, the registrant had 17,566,776 shares of common stock, $1.00 par value per share, issued and outstanding.



TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
PART I – Financial Information
Item 1.
Financial Statements 





PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
COLONY BANKCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Balance Sheets
 June 30, 2023December 31, 2022
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)(Unaudited)(Audited)
ASSETS
  
Cash and due from banks$26,823 $20,584 
Federal funds sold and interest-bearing deposits in banks128,025 60,094 
Cash and cash equivalents154,848 80,678 
Investment securities available for sale, at fair value421,248 432,553 
Investment securities held to maturity, at amortized cost453,912 465,858 
Other investments, at cost14,483 13,793 
Loans held for sale28,268 17,743 
Loans1,838,842 1,737,106 
Allowance for credit losses on loans(17,066)(16,128)
      Loans, net1,821,776 1,720,978 
Premises and equipment42,448 41,606 
Other real estate owned792 651 
Goodwill48,923 48,923 
Other intangible assets4,880 5,664 
Bank-owned life insurance56,206 55,504 
Deferred income taxes, net27,948 28,199 
Other assets25,339 24,420 
Total assets$3,101,071 $2,936,570 
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Liabilities:
Deposits
Noninterest-bearing
$541,119 $569,170 
Interest-bearing
2,086,092 1,921,827 
Total deposits
2,627,211 2,490,997 
Federal Home Loan Bank advances
155,000 125,000 
Other borrowings
63,399 78,352 
Other liabilities
16,006 11,953 
Total liabilities
$2,861,616 $2,706,302 
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock, no par value; 10,000,000 shares authorized, none issued or outstanding as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively
  
Common stock, par value $1.00 per share; 50,000,000 shares authorized, 17,541,661 and 17,598,123 shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively
17,542 17,598 
Paid in capital167,971 167,537 
Retained earnings
116,857 111,573 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax(62,915)(66,440)
Total stockholders' equity
239,455 230,268 
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity
$3,101,071 $2,936,570 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements (unaudited).



COLONY BANKCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Income (unaudited)
 Three Months EndedSix Months Ended
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)June 30, 2023June 30, 2022June 30, 2023June 30, 2022
Interest income  
Loans, including fees$24,067 $16,279 $46,222 $32,295 
Investment securities5,989 4,803 11,849 8,974 
Federal funds sold, interest bearing deposits in banks and short term investments708 103 1,066 159 
Total interest income30,764 21,185 59,137 41,428 
Interest expense
Deposits8,556 626 13,555 1,225 
Federal funds purchased47 19 135 19 
Federal Home Loan Bank Advances1,947 943 3,572 1,192 
Other borrowings1,033 417 2,123 619 
Total interest expense11,583 2,005 19,385 3,055 
Net interest income19,181 19,180 39,752 38,373 
Provision for credit losses (1)
200 1,100 1,100 1,150 
Net interest income after provision for credit losses18,981 18,080 38,652 37,223 
Noninterest income
Service charges on deposits2,027 1,895 3,941 3,720 
Mortgage fee income2,014 2,736 3,198 5,648 
Gain on sales of SBA loans1,105 1,863 2,162 3,589 
Gain on sales of securities   24 
Interchange fees2,131 2,159 4,198 4,159 
BOLI Income358 353 689 665 
Other1,317 1,039 2,420 1,386 
Total noninterest income8,952 10,045 16,608 19,191 
Noninterest expense
Salaries and employee benefits13,348 15,072 25,956 28,344 
Occupancy and equipment1,499 1,608 3,121 3,227 
Information technology expenses2,001 2,549 4,342 4,903 
Professional fees881 1,073 1,596 1,946 
Advertising and public relations673 695 1,666 1,464 
Communications192 417 486 854 
Other2,838 3,062 5,430 5,544 
Total noninterest expense21,432 24,476 42,597 46,282 
Income before income taxes6,501 3,649 12,663 10,132 
Income taxes1,199 234 2,318 1,395 
Net income$5,302 $3,415 $10,345 $8,737 
Earnings per common share:
Basic$0.30 $0.19 $0.59 $0.52 
Diluted0.30 0.19 0.59 0.52 
Dividends declared per share0.11 0.1075 0.22 0.2150 
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic17,580,557 17,586,276 17,588,081 16,731,986 
Diluted17,580,557 17,586,276 17,588,081 16,731,986 
(1) Beginning January 1, 2023, provision calculation is based on current expected loss methodology. Prior to January 1, 2023, calculation was based on incurred loss methodology.

 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements (unaudited).


4


COLONY BANKCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income (unaudited)
 Three Months EndedSix Months Ended
(dollars in thousands)June 30, 2023June 30, 2022June 30, 2023June 30, 2022
Net income$5,302 $3,415 $10,345 $8,737 
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Net unrealized (losses) gains on securities arising during the period(5,257)(24,333)1,821 (55,817)
Tax effect1,339 6,327 (464)14,512 
Reclassification adjustment for amortization of unrealized holding losses included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) from the transfer of securities from available for sale to held to maturity1,379 388 2,642 (10,019)
   Tax effect(351)(101)(673)2,605 
Realized gains on sales of available for sale securities   (24)
Tax effect   (3)
Unrealized gains on derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges267  267  
  Tax effect(68) (68) 
Total other comprehensive income(loss)(2,691)(17,719)3,525 (48,746)
Comprehensive income (loss) $2,611 $(14,304)$13,870 $(40,009)

 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements (unaudited).

5


COLONY BANKCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity (unaudited)
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)Common Stock
Three Months Ended
SharesAmountPaid-In
Capital
Retained
Earnings
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
Total
Balance, March 31, 202317,593,879 $17,594 $167,922 $113,485 $(60,224)$238,777 
 Other comprehensive income — — — — (2,691)(2,691)
Dividends on common shares ($0.1100 per share)
— — — (1,930)— (1,930)
    Issuance of restricted stock, net of forfeitures(10,217)(10)10 — —  
   Tax withholding related to vesting of restricted stock(520)(1)(4)— — (5)
Repurchase of shares(41,481)(41)(365)— — (406)
Stock-based compensation expense
— — 408 — — 408 
Net income
— — — 5,302 — 5,302 
Balance, June 30, 202317,541,661 17,542 167,971 116,857 (62,915)239,455 
Balance, March 31, 202217,586,333 $17,586 $166,859 $103,036 $(37,204)$250,277 
Other comprehensive loss— — — — (17,719)(17,719)
Dividends on common shares ($0.1075 per share)
— — — (1,890)— (1,890)
Issuance of restricted stock, net of forfeitures(2,000)(2)2 — —  
Tax withholding related to vesting of restricted stock(3,121)(3)(48)— — (51)
Stock-based compensation expense— — 563 — — 563 
Net income— — — 3,415 — 3,415 
Balance, June 30, 202217,581,212 $17,581 $167,376 $104,561 $(54,923)$234,595 



See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements (unaudited).


6


(dollars in thousands, except per share data)Common Stock
Six Months EndedSharesAmountPaid-In
Capital
Retained
Earnings
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
Total
Balance, December 31, 202217,598,123 $17,598 $167,537 $111,573 $(66,440)$230,268 
Cumulative change in accounting principle for ASU 2016-13, net of tax (1)
— — — (1,198)— (1,198)
 Other comprehensive income — — — — 3,525 3,525 
Dividends on common shares ($0.22 per share)
— — — (3,863)— (3,863)
    Issuance of restricted stock, net of forfeitures(8,671)(9)9 — —  
   Tax withholding related to vesting of restricted stock(6,310)(6)(72)— — (78)
Repurchase of shares(41,481)(41)(365)— — (406)
Stock-based compensation expense
— — 862 — — 862 
Net income
— — — 10,345 — 10,345 
Balance, June 30, 202317,541,661 17,542 167,971 116,857 (62,915)239,455 
Balance, December 31, 202113,673,898 $13,674 $111,021 $99,189 $(6,177)$217,707 
Other comprehensive loss— — — — (48,746)(48,746)
Dividends on common shares ($0.215 per share)
— — — (3,365)— (3,365)
Issuance of common stock3,848,485 3,848 55,620 — — 59,468 
Issuance of restricted stock, net of forfeitures61,950 62 (62)— —  
Tax withholding related to vesting of restricted stock(3,121)(3)(48)— — (51)
Stock-based compensation expense— — 845 — — 845 
Net income— — — 8,737 — 8,737 
Balance, June 30, 202217,581,212 $17,581 $167,376 $104,561 $(54,923)$234,595 
 (1) Represents the impact of the adoption of Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2016-13: CECL

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements (unaudited).




7


COLONY BANKCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited)
 Six Months Ended
(dollars in thousands)June 30, 2023June 30, 2022
Operating Activities  
Net income$10,345 $8,737 
Adjustments reconciling net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Provision for credit losses1,100 1,150 
Depreciation, amortization, and accretion4,512 6,766 
Equity method investment (loss) income(95)264 
Share-based compensation expense862 845 
Net change in servicing asset(373)(347)
Gain on sales of securities, available-for-sale (24)
Gain on sales of SBA loans(2,162)(3,589)
Gain on sales of other real estate owned(13) 
Donation of other real estate owned 35 
Gain on sales of premises & equipment(107)(62)
Originations of loans held for sale(134,992)(202,031)
Proceeds from sales of loans held for sale126,629 205,244 
Change in bank-owned life insurance(702)(694)
Deferred tax benefit(544)(971)
Change in other assets(279)(4,583)
Change in other liabilities2,483 (464)
Net cash provided by operating activities6,664 10,276 
Investing Activities
Purchases of investment securities, available-for-sale(3,914)(137,038)
Proceeds from maturities, calls, and paydowns of investment securities, available-for-sale15,925 36,330 
Proceeds from sales of investment securities, available-for-sale 3,061 
Proceeds from maturities, calls and paydowns of securities, held-to-maturity13,359 5,233 
Change in loans, net(102,403)(115,354)
Purchase of premises and equipment(2,073)(872)
Proceeds from sales of premises and equipment125 71 
Proceeds from sales of other real estate owned215  
Proceeds from bank-owned life insurance 1,008 
Redemption of other investments800 1,356 
Purchase of Federal Home Loan Bank Stock(1,395)(576)
Net cash used in investing activities(79,361)(206,781)
Financing Activities
Change in noninterest-bearing customer deposits(28,051)20,402 
Change in interest-bearing customer deposits164,265 (63,499)
Issuance of common stock, net of stock issuance cost 59,468 
Dividends paid for common stock(3,863)(3,365)
Increase in federal funds purchased 23,766 
Issuance of Subordinated Debt 39,097 
Repayments on Federal Home Loan Bank Advances(575,000)(27,500)
Proceeds from Federal Home Loan Bank Advances605,000 40,000 
   Repayments on Other borrowings(15,000)(12,563)
   Repurchase of shares(406) 
   Tax withholding related to vesting of restricted stock(78)(51)
Net cash provided by financing activities146,867 75,755 
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents74,170 (120,750)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period80,678 197,232 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period$154,848 $76,482 


8





COLONY BANKCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOW (unaudited)
Six Months Ended
(dollars in thousands)June 30, 2023June 30, 2022
Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information  
Cash paid during the period for interest$17,954 $3,142 
Cash paid during the period for income taxes1,930 3,223 
Noncash Investing and Financing Activities
Goodwill adjustment 1,176 
Carrying amount of Securities AFS transferred to HTM, net of $13.1 million, respectively, unrealized loss
 320,116 
 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements (unaudited).

9

COLONY BANKCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(1) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Presentation
Colony Bankcorp, Inc. (the “Company”) is a bank holding company located in Fitzgerald, Georgia. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Colony Bank, Fitzgerald, Georgia (the “Bank”). The “Company” or “our,” as used herein, includes Colony Bank, except where the context requires otherwise.
In July 2019, a new subsidiary of the Company was incorporated under the name Colony Risk Management, Inc. Colony Risk Management, Inc. is a subsidiary of the Company and is located in Las Vegas, Nevada. It is a captive insurance subsidiary which insures various liability and property damage policies for the Company and its related subsidiaries. Colony Risk Management is regulated by the State of Nevada Division of Insurance.
All adjustments consisting of normal recurring accruals which are, in the opinion of management, necessary for fair presentation of the interim consolidated financial statements, have been included and fairly and accurately present the financial position, results of operations and cash flows of the Company. All significant intercompany accounts have been eliminated in consolidation.
The accounting and reporting policies of the Company conform to generally accepted accounting principles and practices utilized in the commercial banking industry for interim financial information and Regulation S-X. Accordingly, the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements do not include all of the information or notes required for complete financial statements.
The results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results which may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2023. These statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 (“2022 Form 10-K”).
Nature of Operations
The Bank provides a full range of retail, commercial and mortgage banking services for consumers and small- to medium-size businesses located primarily in north central, south and coastal Georgia and in Alabama through a loan production office. The Bank is headquartered in Fitzgerald, Georgia with banking and mortgage offices in Albany, Ashburn, Athens, Broxton, Centerville, Columbus, Cordele, Douglas, Eastman, Fitzgerald, LaGrange, Leesburg, Macon, Moultrie, Quitman, Rochelle, Savannah, Soperton, Statesboro, Sylvester, Tifton, Valdosta and Warner Robins and a loan production office in Birmingham, Alabama. Lending and investing activities are funded primarily by deposits gathered through its retail banking office network.
Use of Estimates
In preparing the consolidated financial statements, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the balance sheet date and revenues and expenses for the period. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change in the near term relate to the determination of the allowance for credit losses, the valuation of real estate acquired in connection with foreclosures or in satisfaction of loans and fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination, including goodwill impairment.
Reclassifications
In certain instances, amounts reported in prior years’ consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to conform to statement presentations selected for 2023. Such reclassifications have not materially affected previously reported stockholders’ equity or net income.


10

COLONY BANKCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
Concentrations of Credit Risk
Concentrations of credit risk can exist in relation to individual borrowers or groups of borrowers, certain types of collateral, certain types of industries, or certain geographic regions. The Company has a concentration in real estate loans as well as a geographic concentration that could pose an adverse credit risk. At June 30, 2023, approximately 85% of the Company’s loan portfolio was concentrated in loans secured by real estate. A substantial portion of borrowers’ ability to honor their contractual obligations is dependent upon the viability of the real estate economic sector. Management continues to monitor these concentrations and has considered these concentrations in its allowance for credit loss analysis.
The success of the Company is dependent, to a certain extent, upon the economic conditions in the geographic markets it serves. Adverse changes in the economic conditions in these geographic markets would likely have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations and financial condition. The operating results of the Company depend primarily on its net interest income. Accordingly, operations are subject to risks and uncertainties surrounding the exposure to changes in the interest rate environment.
At times, the Company may have cash and cash equivalents at financial institutions in excess of federal deposit insurance limits. The Company places its cash and cash equivalents with high credit quality financial institutions whose credit ratings are monitored by management to minimize credit risk.
Allowance for Credit Losses ("ACL") – Loans
The current expected credit loss (“CECL”) approach requires an estimate of the credit losses expected over the life of an exposure (or pool of exposures). It replaces the incurred loss approach’s threshold that delayed the recognition of a credit loss until it was probable a loss event was incurred. The estimate of expected credit losses is based on relevant information about past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectability of the reported amounts. Historical loss experience is generally the starting point for estimating expected credit losses. The Company then considers whether the historical loss experience should be adjusted for asset-specific risk characteristics or current conditions at the reporting date that did not exist over the historical period used. The Company also considers future economic conditions and portfolio performance as part of a reasonable and supportable forecast period.
The ACL is a valuation account that is deducted from the loans' amortized cost basis to present the net amount expected to be collected on the loans. Loans are charged off against the ACL when management believes the uncollectibility of a loan balance is confirmed. Accrued interest receivable is excluded from the estimate of credit losses.
Management determines the ACL balance using relevant available information from internal and external sources, relating to past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Historical credit behaviors along with model judgments provide the basis for the estimation of expected credit losses. Adjustments to modeled loss estimates may be made for differences in current loan-specific risk characteristics such as differences in underwriting standards, portfolio mix, delinquency level, or term as well as for changes in environmental conditions, such as changes in economic conditions, property values, or other relevant factors. For the majority of loans and leases the ACL is calculated using a discounted cash flow methodology applied at a loan level with a one-year reasonable and supportable forecast period and a two-year straight-line reversion period.
The ACL-loans is measured on a collective basis when similar risk characteristics exist. The Company has identified the following portfolio segments and calculates the ACL for each using a discounted cash flow methodology at the loan level, with loss rates, prepayment assumptions and curtailment assumptions driven by each loan’s collateral type:
Construction, land & land development - Risks common to construction, land & development loans are cost overruns, changes in market demand for property, inadequate long-term financing arrangements and declines in real estate values.
Other commercial real estate - Loans in this category are susceptible to business failure and general economic conditions declines in real estate value, declines in occupancy rates, and lack of suitable alternative use for the property.
Commercial, financial & agricultural - Risks to this loan category include the inability to monitor the condition of the collateral, which often consists of inventory, accounts receivable and other non-real estate assets. Equipment and

11

COLONY BANKCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
inventory obsolescence can also pose a risk. Declines in general economic conditions and other events can cause cash flows to fall to levels insufficient to service debt.
Residential real estate - Residential real estate loans are susceptible to weakening general economic conditions, increases in unemployment rates and declining real estate values.
Consumer and other - Risks common to consumer direct loans include unemployment and changes in local economic conditions as well as the inability to monitor collateral consisting of personal property.
When management determines that foreclosure is probable or when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty at the reporting date and repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral, expected credit losses are based on the fair value of the collateral at the reporting date, adjusted for selling costs as appropriate.
Allowance for Credit Losses – Off-Balance Sheet Credit Exposures
Management estimates expected credit losses on commitments to extend credit over the contractual period during which the Company is exposed to credit risk on the underlying commitments. The ACL on off-balance sheet credit exposures is adjusted as a provision for credit loss expense. The estimate includes consideration of the likelihood that funding will occur and an estimate of expected credit losses on commitments expected to be funded over its estimated life. The ACL is calculated using the same aggregate reserve rates calculated for the funded portion of loans at the portfolio level applied to the amount of commitments expected to fund.
Allowance for Credit Losses – Held-to-Maturity Securities ("HTM")
Management measures current expected credit losses on HTM debt securities on a collective basis by major security type. The estimate of current expected credit losses considers historical credit loss information that is adjusted for current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Management classifies the HTM portfolio into the following major security types: U.S. Treasuries, U.S. agencies and state, county and municipal, and mortgage-backed securities. Accrued interest receivable on HTM debt is excluded from the estimate of credit losses.
All of the residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities held by the Company as HTM are issued by U.S. Government agencies and government sponsored entities. These securities are either explicitly or implicitly guaranteed by the U.S. government, are highly rated by major rating agencies and have a long history of no credit losses. The state and political subdivision securities are also highly rated by major rating agencies.
Allowance for Credit Losses – Available-for-Sale Securities ("AFS")
For AFS debt securities in an unrealized loss position, the Company first assesses whether it intends to sell, or whether it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met, the security's amortized cost basis is written down to fair value through income. For AFS debt securities that do not meet the aforementioned criteria, the Company evaluates whether the decline in fair value has resulted from credit losses or other factors. In making this assessment, management considers the extent to which fair value is less than amortized cost, any changes to the rating of the security by a rating agency, and adverse conditions specifically related to the security, among other factors. If this assessment indicates that a credit loss exists, the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from the security are compared to the amortized cost basis of the security. If the present value of cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost basis, a credit loss exists and an ACL is recorded for the credit loss, limited by the amount that the fair value is less than the amortized cost basis. Any amount of unrealized loss that has not been recorded through an ACL is recognized in other comprehensive income. Accrued interest receivable on AFS debt securities is excluded from the estimate of credit losses.
Changes in the ACL are recorded as provision for (or reversal of) credit loss expense. Losses are charged against the ACL when management believes the uncollectibility of an AFS security is confirmed or when either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met.

12

COLONY BANKCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
Derivatives
The Company records cash flow hedges at the inception of a derivative contract based on management’s intentions and belief as to the likely effectiveness of the hedge. Cash flow hedges represent a hedge of a forecasted transaction or the variability of cash flows to be received or paid related to a recognized asset or liability. For a cash flow hedge, the gain or loss on the derivative is recorded in OCI and is reclassified into earnings in the same period during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. The changes in the fair value of a derivative that is not highly effective in hedging the expected cash flows of the hedged item are recognized immediately as interest expense in the consolidated statements of income.
Net cash settlements on derivatives that qualify for hedge accounting are recorded in interest income or interest expense, based on the item being hedged. Net cash settlements on derivatives that do not qualify for hedge accounting are reported in noninterest income or noninterest expense. Cash flows from hedges are classified in the consolidated statements of cash flows in the same manner as the items being hedged.
The Company formally documents the relationship between derivatives and hedged items, as well as the risk management objective and the strategy for undertaking hedge transactions at the inception of the hedging relationship. This documentation includes linking cash flow hedges to specific assets and liabilities on the balance sheet or to specific firm commitments or forecasted transactions. The Company also formally assesses, both at the hedge’s inception and on an ongoing basis, whether the derivative instruments that are used are highly effective in offsetting changes in cash flows of the hedged item. The Company discontinues hedge accounting when it determines that the derivative is no longer effective in offsetting changes in cash flows of the hedged item, the derivative is settled or terminated, a hedged forecasted transaction is no longer probable, a hedged firm commitment is no longer firm or treatment of the derivative as a hedge is no longer appropriate or intended.
When hedge accounting is discontinued, subsequent changes in fair value of the derivative are recorded as interest expense. When a cash flow hedge is discontinued but the hedged cash flows or forecasted transactions are still expected to occur, gains or losses that were accumulated in OCI are amortized into earnings over the same periods which the hedged transactions will affect earnings.
Changes in Accounting Principles
ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, as amended, was adopted by the Company on January 1, 2023, which replaces the incurred loss methodology with an expected loss methodology that is referred to as the current expected credit loss (CECL) methodology. The measurement of expected credit losses under the CECL methodology is applicable to financial assets measured at amortized cost, including loan receivables and held-to-maturity debt securities. It also applies to off-balance sheet credit exposures not accounted for as insurance (loan commitments, standby letters of credit, financial guarantees, and other similar instruments) and net investments in leases recognized by a lessor in accordance with Topic 842 on leases. In addition, ASC 326 made changes to the accounting for available-for-sale debt securities. One such change is to require credit losses to be presented as an allowance rather than as a write-down on available-for-sale debt securities management does not intend to sell or believes that it is more likely than not they will be required to sell.
The Company adopted ASC 326 using the modified retrospective method for all financial assets measured at amortized cost, and off-balance sheet credit exposures. Results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2023 are presented under ASC 326 while prior period amounts continue to be reported in accordance with previously applicable GAAP. The Company recorded a net decrease to retained earnings of $1.2 million, net of tax, as of January 1, 2023 for the cumulative effect of adopting ASC 326, primarily related to credit losses for unfunded commitments.
ASU 2022-02, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures, was adopted by the Company on January 1, 2023. This ASU provides guidance on eliminating the requirement for classification of and disclosures around troubled debt restructurings (TDRs). The purpose of this guidance is to eliminate unnecessary and overly-complex disclosures of loans that are already incorporated into the allowance for credit losses and related disclosures while enhancing disclosure requirements for certain loan refinancing and restructurings by creditors when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. As of June 30, 2023, the Company had no loan modifications that met the requirements of this disclosure. This ASU further requires the disclosure of current-period gross charge-offs by year of origination. Current period gross charge-offs are included in the term loan vintage table in Note 3 - Loans.

13

COLONY BANKCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
In March 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-02, “Investments – Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323): Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method.” ASU 2023-02 permits reporting entities to elect to account for their tax equity investments, regardless of the tax credit program from which the income tax credits are received, using the proportional amortization method if certain conditions are met. ASU 2023-02 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2023. ASU 2023-02 is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

14

COLONY BANKCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(2) Investment Securities
The amortized cost and estimated fair value of securities available-for-sale and held-to-maturity along with gross unrealized gains and losses are summarized as follows:
(dollars in thousands)
June 30, 2023Amortized
Cost
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Fair Value
Securities Available for Sale:
U.S. treasury securities$1,494 $ $(16)$1,478 
U.S. agency4,706  (454)4,252 
Asset backed securities28,462  (678)27,784 
State, county & municipal securities125,409  (18,301)107,108 
Corporate debt securities54,701  (7,965)46,736 
Mortgage-backed securities262,298 3 (28,411)233,890 
Total$477,070 $3 $(55,825)$421,248 
June 30, 2023Amortized
Cost
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Fair Value
Securities Held to Maturity:
U.S. treasury securities$92,454 $ $(4,601)$87,853 
U.S. agency16,345  (1,766)14,579 
State, county & municipal securities136,407 79 (15,519)120,967 
Mortgage-backed securities208,706  (27,399)181,307 
Total$453,912 $79 $(49,285)$404,706 
December 31, 2022Amortized
Cost
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Fair Value
Securities Available for Sale:
U.S. treasury securities$1,644 $ $(22)$1,622 
U.S. agency5,035  (450)4,585 
Asset backed securities31,468  (1,480)29,988 
State, county & municipal securities126,119  (21,363)104,756 
Corporate debt securities54,741 164 (5,320)49,585 
Mortgage-backed securities271,199 9 (29,191)242,017 
Total$490,206 $173 $(57,826)$432,553 
December 31, 2022Amortized
Cost
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Fair Value
Securities Held to Maturity:
U.S. treasury securities$91,615 $ $(4,149)$87,466 
U.S. agency16,409  (1,838)14,571 
State, county & municipal securities136,138 32 (19,518)116,652 
Mortgage-backed securities221,696  (29,121)192,575 
Total$465,858 $32 $(54,626)$411,264 
15

COLONY BANKCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
The Company elected to exclude accrued interest receivable from the amortized cost basis of available-for-sale and held-to-maturity securities disclosed throughout this note. As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, accrued interest receivable for available-for-sale and held-to-maturity securities totaled $2.5 million and $2.6 million, and $1.9 million and $1.9 million, respectively, and is included in the "other assets" line item on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet.

The Company transferred certain agency-issued securities from the available-for-sale to held-to-maturity portfolio on January 1, 2022 and September 1, 2022, having a combined book value of approximately $511.0 million and a combined market value of approximately $477.0 million. As of the date of each transfer, the related pre-tax net unrecognized losses of approximately $34.0 million within the accumulated other comprehensive loss balance are being amortized over the remaining term of the securities using the effective interest method. This transfer was completed after careful consideration of the Company’s intent and ability to hold these securities to maturity. Factors used in assessing the ability to hold these securities to maturity were future liquidity needs and sources of funding. The Company has had no other transfers of securities since September 1, 2022.
The amortized cost and fair value of investment securities as of June 30, 2023, by contractual maturity, are shown hereafter. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities for certain investments because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. This is often the case with mortgage-backed securities, which are disclosed separately in the table below.
Available for SaleHeld to Maturity
(dollars in thousands)Amortized CostFair ValueAmortized CostFair Value
Due in one year or less$1,665 $1,648 $ $ 
Due after one year through five years14,196 13,020 89,427 84,806 
Due after five years through ten years96,094 81,109 71,551 64,054 
Due after ten years102,817 91,581 84,228 74,539 
$214,772 $187,358 $245,206 $223,399 
Mortgage-backed securities262,298 233,890 208,706 181,307 
$477,070 $421,248 $453,912 $404,706 
Proceeds from the sale of investment securities totaled $0 and $3.1 million for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2022, respectively. The sale of investment securities resulted in gross realized gains of $24,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2022.
Investment securities having a carrying value of approximately $418.0 million and $541.8 million were pledged to secure public deposits and for other purposes as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
Information pertaining to available-for-sale securities with gross unrealized losses at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous loss position is as

16

COLONY BANKCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
follows:
Less Than 12 Months12 Months or GreaterTotal
(dollars in thousands)Fair
Value
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Fair
Value
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Fair
Value
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
June 30, 2023
U.S. treasury securities$1,282 $(12)$196 $(4)$1,478 $(16)
U.S. agency securities147 (1)4,105 (453)4,252 (454)
Asset backed securities5,910 (19)21,874 (659)27,784 (678)
State, county & municipal securities724 (5)106,384 (18,296)107,108 (18,301)
Corporate debt securities9,021 (1,815)37,716 (6,150)46,737 (7,965)
Mortgage-backed securities19,534 (410)213,801 (28,001)233,335 (28,411)
$36,618 $(2,262)$384,076 $(53,563)$420,694 $(55,825)
December 31, 2022
U.S. treasury securities$1,377 $(17)$245 $(5)$1,622 $(22)
U.S. agency securities3,221 (257)1,364 (193)4,585 (450)
Asset backed securities10,780 (319)19,208 (1,161)29,988 (1,480)
State, county & municipal securities29,284 (3,629)75,472 (17,734)104,756 (21,363)
Corporate debt securities17,258 (1,463)30,651 (3,857)47,909 (5,320)
Mortgage-backed securities122,031 (7,890)119,409 (21,301)241,440 (29,191)
$183,951 $(13,575)$246,349 $(44,251)$430,300 $(57,826)
Information pertaining to held-to-maturity securities with gross unrealized losses at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous loss position is as follows:
Less Than 12 Months12 Months or GreaterTotal
(dollars in thousands)Fair
Value
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Fair
Value
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Fair
Value
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
June 30, 2023
U.S. treasury securities$ $ $87,853 $(4,601)$87,853 $(4,601)
U.S. agency securities  14,579 (1,766)14,579 (1,766)
State, county & municipal securities13,149 (209)101,721 (15,310)114,870 (15,519)
Mortgage-backed securities  181,307 (27,399)181,307 (27,399)
$13,149 $(209)$385,460 $(49,076)$398,609 $(49,285)
December 31, 2022
U.S. treasury securities$ $ $87,466 $(4,149)$87,466 $(4,149)
U.S. agency securities  14,571 (1,838)14,571 (1,838)
State, county & municipal securities9,858 (1,392)105,734 (18,126)115,592 (19,518)
Mortgage-backed securities13,580 (729)178,995 (28,392)192,575 (29,121)
$23,438 $(2,121)$386,766 $(52,505)$410,204 $(54,626)
Management evaluates securities for other-than-temporary impairment at least on a quarterly basis, and more frequently when economic or market concerns warrant such evaluation. Consideration is given to (1) the length of time and the extent to which the fair value has been less than cost, (2) the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer and (3) the intent

17

COLONY BANKCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
and ability of the Company to retain its investment in the issuer for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in fair value.
At June 30, 2023, there were 286 available-for-sale securities and 154 held-to-maturity securities that had unrealized losses. These securities are guaranteed by either the U.S. Government, other governments or U.S. corporations. In analyzing an issuer’s financial condition, management considers whether the securities are issued by the federal government or its agencies, whether downgrades by bond rating agencies have occurred and the results of reviews of the issuer’s financial condition. The unrealized losses are largely due to increases in market interest rates over the yields available at the time the underlying securities were purchased. As management has the ability to hold debt securities until maturity, or for the foreseeable future if classified as available-for-sale, no declines are deemed to be other than temporary.
The Company adopted ASU 2016-13 Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326), as amended on January 1, 2023 which included evaluation of expected credit losses on debt securities. As part of the Company's calculated credit losses, the allowance for credit losses on investment securities was determined to be de minimis due to the high credit quality of the portfolio, which includes securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Treasury, U.S. Government agencies and high quality municipalities. Therefore, no allowance for credit losses was recorded as of June 30, 2023. See Note 1 for additional details on the allowance for credit losses as it relates to the securities portfolio.

(3) Loans
The following table presents the composition of loans segregated by class of loans, as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
(dollars in thousands)June 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Construction, land & land development$249,423 $229,435 
Other commercial real estate979,509 975,447 
Total commercial real estate1,228,932 1,204,882 
Residential real estate325,407 290,054 
Commercial, financial & agricultural 243,458 223,923 
Consumer and other41,045 18,247 
Total Loans$1,838,842 $1,737,106 
Included in the above table are government guaranteed loans totaling $69.2 million at June 30, 2023 and $58.4 million at December 31, 2022. The following table presents the composition of government guaranteed loans segregated by class of loans for each respective period.

(dollars in thousands)June 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Construction, land & land development$6,547 $5,888 
Other commercial real estate35,790 32,642 
Total commercial real estate42,337 38,530 
Residential real estate10,479 8,036 
Commercial, financial & agricultural 16,354 11,787 
Consumer and other  
Total Loans$69,170 $58,353 

The Company elected to exclude accrued interest receivable from the amortized cost basis of loans disclosed throughout this note. As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, accrued interest receivable for loans totaled $7.1 million and $6.8 million, respectively, and is included in the "other assets" line item on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet.

Commercial, financial & agricultural loans are extended to a diverse group of businesses within the Company’s market area. These loans are often underwritten based on the borrower’s ability to service the debt from income from the business. Real estate construction loans often require loan funds to be advanced prior to completion of the project. Due to uncertainties

18

COLONY BANKCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
inherent in estimating construction costs, changes in interest rates and other economic conditions, these loans often pose a higher risk than other types of loans. Consumer and other loans are originated at the Bank level.
Credit Quality Indicators. As part of the ongoing monitoring of the credit quality of the loan portfolio, management tracks certain credit quality indicators including trends related to (1) the risk grade assigned to commercial and consumer loans, (2) the level of classified commercial loans, (3) net charge-offs, (4) nonperforming loans, and (5) the general economic conditions in the Company’s geographic markets.
The Company uses a risk grading matrix to assign a risk grade to each of its loans. Loans are graded on a scale of 1 to 10. A description of the general characteristics of the grades is as follows:
Grades 1, 2 and 3 - Borrowers with these assigned risk grades range from virtual absence of risk to minimal risk. Such loans may be secured by Company-issued and controlled certificates of deposit or properly margined equity securities or bonds. Other loans comprising these grades are made to companies that have been in existence for a long period of time with many years of consecutive profits and strong equity, good liquidity, excellent debt service ability and unblemished past performance, or to exceptionally strong individuals with collateral of unquestioned value that fully secures the loans. Loans in this category fall into the “pass” classification.
Grades 4 and 5 - Loans assigned these “pass” risk grades are made to borrowers with acceptable credit quality and risk. The risk ranges from loans with no significant weaknesses in repayment capacity and collateral protection to acceptable loans with one or more risk factors considered to be more than average. These loans are also included in into the “pass” classification.
Grade 6 - This grade includes “special mention” loans on management’s watch list and is intended to be used on a temporary basis for pass grade loans where risk-modifying action is intended in the short-term.
Grades 7 and 8 - These grades includes “substandard” loans in accordance with regulatory guidelines. This category includes borrowers with well-defined weaknesses that jeopardize the payment of the debt in accordance with the agreed terms. Loans considered to be impaired are assigned grade 8, and these loans often have assigned loss allocations as part of the allowance for credit losses. Generally, loans on which interest accrual has been stopped would be included in this grade.
Grades 9 and 10 - These grades correspond to regulatory classification definitions of “doubtful” and “loss,” respectively. In practice, any loan with these grades would be for a very short period of time, and generally the Company has no loans with these assigned grades. Management manages the Company’s problem loans in such a way that uncollectible loans or uncollectible portions of loans are charged off immediately with any residual, collectible amounts assigned a risk grade of 7 or 8. 
The following table presents the loan portfolio segregated by class of loans and the risk category of term loans by vintage year, which is the year of origination or most recent renewal, as of June 30, 2023. Those loans with a risk grade of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 have been combined in the pass column for presentation purposes. There were no loans with a risk rating of "doubtful" or "loss" at June 30, 2023.
Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
(dollars in thousands)20232022202120202019PriorRevolversRevolvers converted to term loansTotal
June 30, 2023
Construction, land & land development
Risk rating
Pass$56,347 $141,352 $32,510 $8,976 $1,056 $6,009 $2,356 $ $248,606 
Special Mention