Coupang, Inc. [CPNG] Filings

10-Q 1 cpng-20240630.htm 10-Q cpng-20240630

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended: June 30, 2024

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _____ to _____

Commission File No. 001-40115

COUPANG, INC.

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware

27-2810505

(State or other jurisdiction of

incorporation or organization)

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification Number)

720 Olive Way, Suite 600

Seattle, Washington 98101

(206) 333-3839

(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of Registrant’s principal executive offices)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Class A Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share

CPNG

New York Stock Exchange

(Title of each class)

(Trading Symbol)

(Name of each exchange on which registered)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer

☒

Accelerated filer

☐

Non-accelerated filer

☐

Small reporting company

☐

Emerging growth company

☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by a check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of August 2, 2024, there were 1,618,901,401 shares of the registrant’s Class A common stock and 174,802,990 shares of the registrant’s Class B common stock, each with a par value of $0.0001 per share, outstanding.

COUPANG, INC.

Form 10-Q

For the Quarterly Period Ended June 30, 2024

TABLE OF CONTENTS


	PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION	Page
Item 1.	Financial Statements (Unaudited)	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income	5
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	6
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests and Equity	7
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	9
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	10
	Note 1. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	10
	Note 2. Net Revenues	10
	Note 3. Segment Reporting	11

	Note 4. Defined Severance Benefits	12
	Note 5. Income Taxes	12
	Note 6. Earnings per Share	12
	Note 7. Fair Value Measurement	13
	Note 8. Supplemental Financial Information	13
	Note 9. Short-term Borrowings and Long-term Debt	14
	Note 10. Commitments and Contingencies	15
	Note 11. Business Combinations	16


Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	18
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	28
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	29

	PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	30
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	30
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	30
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	30
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	30
Item 5.	Other Information	30
Item 6.	Exhibits	31
	Signatures	32

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SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (“Form 10-Q”) contains forward-looking statements, within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, about us and our industry that involve substantial risks and uncertainties. All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this Form 10-Q, including statements regarding our future results of operations or financial condition, business strategy and plans, and objectives of management for future operations are forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements because they contain words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “contemplate,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “should,” “target,” “toward,” “will,” or “would,” or the negative of these words or other similar terms or expressions. These forward-looking statements include, or may be impacted by, the following:

•our expectations regarding our future operating and financial performance including our ability to achieve, maintain and increase long-term future profitability;

•our ability to successfully execute our business and growth strategy;

•the continued growth of the retail market and the increased acceptance of online transactions by potential customers;

•the size of our addressable market segments, market share, and market trends;

•our ability to compete in our industry;

•our ability to maintain and improve our market position;

•our ability to manage expansion into new geographies and offerings;

•our ability to effectively manage the continued growth of our workforce and operations;

•our anticipated investments in new products and offerings, and the effect of these investments on our results of operations;

•our ability to effectively integrate acquisitions and realize the anticipated benefits of such transactions;

•the sufficiency of our cash and cash equivalents, and investments, to meet our liquidity needs;

•our ability to retain existing suppliers and merchants and to add new suppliers and merchants;

•our suppliers’ and merchants’ ability to supply high-quality and compliant merchandise to our customers;

•the impact of cybersecurity incidents with respect to our systems and those of third parties on which we rely;

•our relationship with our employees and the status of our workers;

•our ability to operate and manage the expansion of our fulfillment and logistics infrastructure;

•the effects of seasonal trends on our results of operations;

•our ability to implement, maintain, and improve our internal control over financial reporting;

•our ability to effectively manage our exposure to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates;

•the impact of world events such as natural disasters, acts of war or geopolitical conflicts, terrorism or disease outbreaks;

•the effects of global macroeconomic conditions, including, but not limited to, inflationary pressures, a general economic slowdown or recession, interest rate fluctuations and changes in monetary policy;

•our ability to attract, retain, and motivate skilled personnel, including key members of our senior management;

•our ability to stay in compliance with laws and regulations, including tax laws, that currently apply or may become applicable to our business both in Korea and internationally and our expectations regarding various laws and restrictions that relate to our business; and

•the outcomes of any claims, litigation, governmental audits, inspections, and investigations; and

•the other factors set forth in Part 1, Item 1A, under the caption “Risk Factors,” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 (the “2023 Form 10-K”)

We caution you that the foregoing list may not contain all of the forward-looking statements made in this Form 10-Q.

You should not rely on forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. We have based the forward-looking statements contained in this Form 10-Q primarily on our current expectations and projections about future events and trends that we believe may affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. The outcome of the events described in these forward-looking statements is subject to risks, uncertainties, and other factors described in Part 1, Item 1A, under the caption “Risk Factors,” of our 2023 Form 10-K and elsewhere in this Form 10-Q. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risks and uncertainties emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict all risks and uncertainties that could have an impact on the forward-looking statements contained in this Form 10-Q. The results, events, and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements may not be achieved or occur, and actual results, events, or circumstances could differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements.

In addition, statements such as “we believe” and similar statements reflect our beliefs and opinions on the relevant subject. These statements are based on information available to us as of the date of this Form 10-Q. While we believe such information provides a

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reasonable basis for these statements, such information may be limited or incomplete. Our statements should not be read to indicate that we have conducted an exhaustive inquiry into, or review of, all relevant information. These statements are inherently uncertain, and investors are cautioned not to unduly rely on these statements.

The forward-looking statements made in this Form 10-Q relate only to events as of the date on which the statements are made. We undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements made in this Form 10-Q to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this Form 10-Q or to reflect new information, actual results, revised expectations, or the occurrence of unanticipated events, except as required by law. We may not actually achieve the plans, intentions, or expectations disclosed in our forward-looking statements, and you should not place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements. Our forward-looking statements do not reflect the potential impact of any future acquisitions, mergers, dispositions, joint ventures, or investments.

Investors and others should note that we may announce material business and financial information to our investors using our investor relations website (ir.aboutcoupang.com), our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), webcasts, press releases, conference calls, and social media. We use these mediums to communicate with investors and the general public about our company, our products, and other issues. It is possible that the information that we make available on our website may be deemed to be material information. We therefore encourage investors and others interested in our company to review the information that we make available on our website. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the information contained on our website as referenced in this paragraph is not incorporated by reference into this Form 10-Q or any other report or document we file with the SEC.

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Q2 2024 Form 10-Q


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Part I. Financial Information

Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited)

COUPANG, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(unaudited)


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions, except per share amounts)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Net retail sales	$	5,779	$	5,140	$	11,674	$	10,345
Net other revenue	1,544		698		2,763		1,293
Total net revenues	7,323		5,838		14,437		11,638

Cost of sales	5,181		4,314		10,366		8,695
Operating, general and administrative	2,167		1,376		4,056		2,689
Total operating cost and expenses	7,348		5,690		14,422		11,384

Operating (loss) income	(25)		148		15		254

Interest income	53		42		108		73
Interest expense	(37)		(13)		(64)		(21)
Other income (expense), net	12		(6)		3		(11)
Income before income taxes	3		171		62		295

Income tax expense	108		26		191		59

Net (loss) income	$	(105)	$	145	$	(129)	$	236
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests	(28)		—		(57)		—
Net (loss) income attributable to Coupang stockholders	$	(77)	$	145	$	(72)	$	236

Earnings per share
Basic	$	(0.04)	$	0.08	$	(0.04)	$	0.13
Diluted	$	(0.04)	$	0.08	$	(0.04)	$	0.13
Weighted-average shares outstanding
Basic	1,789		1,780		1,791		1,777
Diluted	1,789		1,800		1,791		1,797

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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COUPANG, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME

(unaudited)


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Net (loss) income	$	(105)	$	145	$	(129)	$	236

Other comprehensive loss:
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax	(79)		(8)		(184)		(27)
Actuarial gain (loss) on defined severance benefits, net of tax	2		(10)		3		(9)
Total other comprehensive loss	(77)		(18)		(181)		(36)

Comprehensive (loss) income	(182)		127		(310)		200
Comprehensive loss attributable to noncontrolling interests	(28)		—		(57)		—
Comprehensive (loss) income attributable to Coupang stockholders	$	(154)	$	127	$	(253)	$	200

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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COUPANG, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(unaudited)


(in millions, except par value)	June 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	5,536	$	5,243
Restricted cash	257		353
Accounts receivable, net	547		314
Inventories	1,992		1,666
Prepaids and other current assets	477		316
Total current assets	8,809		7,892

Property and equipment, net	2,563		2,465
Operating lease right-of-use assets	1,993		1,601
Deferred tax assets	757		925
Intangible assets, net	319		37
Long-term lease deposits and other	754		426
Total assets	$	15,195	$	13,346

Liabilities, redeemable noncontrolling interests, and equity
Accounts payable	$	5,621	$	5,099
Accrued expenses	516		352
Deferred revenue	139		97
Short-term borrowings	336		282
Current portion of long-term debt	165		203
Current portion of long-term operating lease obligations	427		386
Other current liabilities	654		526
Total current liabilities	7,858		6,945

Long-term debt	1,047		529
Long-term operating lease obligations	1,740		1,387
Defined severance benefits and other	603		381
Total liabilities	11,248		9,242

Commitments and contingencies (Note 10)

Redeemable noncontrolling interests	92		15

Equity
Common stock	—		—
Class A — shares authorized 10,000, outstanding 1,615 and 1,616 Class B — shares authorized 250, outstanding 175 and 175
Additional paid-in capital	8,509		8,489
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(198)		(17)
Accumulated deficit	(4,455)		(4,383)

Noncontrolling interests	(1)		—
Total equity	3,855		4,089
Total liabilities, redeemable noncontrolling interests and equity	$	15,195	$	13,346

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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COUPANG, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF REDEEMABLE NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS AND EQUITY

(unaudited)


	Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests		Class A and Class B Common Stock			Additional Paid-in Capital		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		Accumulated Deficit		Noncontrolling Interests		Total Equity
(in millions)			Shares	Amount
Balance as of December 31, 2022	$	—	1,773	$	—	$	8,154	$	3	$	(5,743)	$	—	$	2,414
Net income	—		—	—		—		—		91		—		91
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax	—		—	—		—		(19)		—		—		(19)
Actuarial gain on defined severance benefits, net of tax	—		—	—		—		1		—		—		1
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options	—		1	—		3		—		—		—		3
Issuance of common stock upon settlement of restricted stock units	—		3	—		—		—		—		—		—
Equity-based compensation	—		—	—		70		—		—		—		70
Balance as of March 31, 2023	$	—	1,777	$	—	$	8,227	$	(15)	$	(5,652)	$	—	$	2,560
Net income	—		—	—		—		—		145		—		145
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax	—		—	—		—		(8)		—		—		(8)
Actuarial loss on defined severance benefits, net of tax	—		—	—		—		(10)		—		—		(10)
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options	—		1	—		2		—		—		—		2
Issuance of common stock upon settlement of restricted stock units	—		3	—		—		—		—		—		—
Equity-based compensation	—		—	—		86		—		—		—		86
Balance as of June 30, 2023	$	—	1,781	$	—	$	8,315	$	(33)	$	(5,507)	$	—	$	2,775

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	Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests		Class A and Class B Common Stock			Additional Paid-in Capital		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		Accumulated Deficit		Noncontrolling Interests		Total Equity
(in millions)			Shares	Amount
Balance as of December 31, 2023	$	15	1,791	$	—	$	8,489	$	(17)	$	(4,383)	$	—	$	4,089
Net (loss) income	(25)		—	—		—		—		5		(4)		1
Capital contributions from noncontrolling interest holders	55		—	—		—		—		—		—		—
Recognition of noncontrolling interest upon acquisition	69		—	—		—		—		—		10		10
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax	—		—	—		—		(105)		—		—		(105)
Actuarial gain on defined severance benefits, net of tax	—		—	—		—		1		—		—		1
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options	—		—	—		1		—		—		—		1
Issuance of common stock upon settlement of restricted stock units	—		4	—		—		—		—		—		—
Equity-based compensation	—		—	—		88		—		—		—		88
Balance as of March 31, 2024	$	114	1,795	$	—	$	8,578	$	(121)	$	(4,378)	$	6	$	4,085
Net loss	(21)		—	—		—		—		(77)		(7)		(84)


Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax	(1)		—	—		—		(79)		—		—		(79)
Actuarial gain on defined severance benefits, net of tax	—		—	—		—		2		—		—		2
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options	—		1	—		—		—		—		—		—
Issuance of common stock upon settlement of restricted stock units	—		4	—		—		—		—		—		—
Repurchase of Class A common stock	—		(10)	—		(178)		—		—		—		(178)
Equity-based compensation	—		—	—		109		—		—		—		109
Balance as of June 30, 2024	$	92	1,790	$	—	$	8,509	$	(198)	$	(4,455)	$	(1)	$	3,855

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements

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COUPANG, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(unaudited)


	Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions)	2024		2023
Operating activities
Net (loss) income	$	(129)	$	236
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	201		130
Provision for severance benefits	90		76
Equity-based compensation	197		156
Non-cash operating lease expense	211		163
Deferred income taxes	103		—
Other	118		85
Change in operating assets and liabilities, net of acquisition:
Accounts receivable, net	23		41
Inventories	(163)		18
Other assets	(132)		8
Accounts payable	351		579
Accrued expenses	111		(28)
Other liabilities	(105)		(143)
Net cash provided by operating activities	876		1,321

Investing activities
Purchases of property and equipment	(285)		(472)
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment	4		7
Net cash acquired in acquisition	68		—
Other investing activities	(82)		(47)
Net cash used in investing activities	(295)		(512)

Financing activities
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, equity-based compensation plan	1		5
Repurchase of Class A common stock	(178)		—
Proceeds from short-term borrowings and long-term debt	104		319
Repayment of short-term borrowings and long-term debt	(62)		(37)
Other financing activities	55		42
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	(80)		329
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash	(304)		(81)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash	197		1,057
Cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash, as of beginning of period	5,597		3,687
Cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash, as of end of period	$	5,794	$	4,744

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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COUPANG, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited)

1. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of Coupang, Inc. (“Coupang”) together with its consolidated subsidiaries (collectively, “we,” “us,” or “our”) have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) regarding interim financial reporting. The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. We based our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates.

The unaudited interim financial information reflects all normal recurring adjustments that are, in the opinion of management, necessary for fair presentation of the results of the interim period. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in the annual consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes included in our 2023 Form 10-K.

Farfetch Acquisition

In January 2024, we acquired the business and assets of Farfetch Holdings plc (“Farfetch”), a leading global marketplace for the luxury fashion industry (the “Farfetch Acquisition”). Refer to “Note 11 - Business Combinations – Farfetch” for additional information.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Adopted

In September 2022, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2022-04, “Supplier Finance Programs (Subtopic 405-50) - Disclosure of Supplier Finance Program Obligations.” The standard requires entities that use supplier finance programs to make disclosures about the key terms of the program, the balance sheet presentation of the related amounts and disclose the amounts outstanding, including providing a rollforward of such amounts. The adoption of the ASU resulted in incremental disclosures in our condensed consolidated financial statements, with the exception of the rollforward disclosure which will be effective prospectively for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Yet To Be Adopted

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, “Segment Reporting (Topic 280) - Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures.” The standard requires additional disclosures about an entities segments, primarily about significant segment expenses that are reported to the Chief Operating Decision Maker. Early adoption is allowed under the standard. We are evaluating the effect of adopting the ASU on our disclosures, which is effective beginning with the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, and interim reporting beginning with the period ended March 31, 2025.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740) - Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures.” The standard requires disclosure of specific categories of an entities income tax expenses and income taxes paid among other disclosures. Early adoption is allowed under the standard. We are evaluating the effect of adopting the ASU on our disclosures, which is effective beginning with the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025.

2. Net Revenues

Details of total net revenues were as follows:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Net retail sales	$	5,779	$	5,140	$	11,674	$	10,345
Third-party merchant services	1,374		563		2,421		1,024
Other revenue	170		135		342		269
Total net revenues	$	7,323	$	5,838	$	14,437	$	11,638

This level of revenue disaggregation takes into consideration how the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors. Net retail sales are recognized from owned inventory product sales to consumers. Third-

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party merchant services represent commissions, advertising, and delivery fees earned from merchants and restaurants that sell their products through our online businesses. Other revenue includes revenue earned from our Rocket WOW membership program and various other offerings.

Contract liabilities consist of payments in advance of delivery and customer loyalty credits, which are included in deferred revenue on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. We recognized revenue of $92 million and $90 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, primarily related to payments in advance of products and services delivered which were included in deferred revenue on the consolidated balance sheets as of the beginning of the respective years.

3. Segment Reporting

We own and operate a retail business that primarily serves the Korean retail market along with other international markets. The Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) is our Chief Executive Officer. We have two operating and reportable segments: Product Commerce and Developing Offerings. These segments are based on how the CODM manages the business, allocates resources, makes operating decisions and evaluates operating performance.

Product Commerce primarily includes core Korean retail (owned inventory) and marketplace offerings (third-party merchants) and Rocket Fresh, our fresh grocery category offering, as well as advertising products associated with these offerings. Revenues from Product Commerce are derived primarily from online product sales of owned inventory to customers in Korea, commissions, and logistics and fulfillment fees earned from merchants that sell products through our mobile application and website, and from Rocket WOW membership.

Developing Offerings includes our more nascent offerings and services, including Coupang Eats, our restaurant ordering and delivery service in Korea, Coupang Play, our online content streaming service in Korea, fintech, our retail operations in Taiwan, as well as advertising products associated with these offerings and also includes Farfetch, our newly acquired global luxury fashion marketplace. Revenues from Developing Offerings are primarily generated from our luxury fashion marketplace through Farfetch, our online restaurant ordering and delivery services in Korea and retail operations in Taiwan.

Our segment operating performance measure is segment adjusted EBITDA. Segment adjusted EBITDA is defined as income (loss) before income taxes for a period before depreciation and amortization, equity-based compensation expense, interest expense, interest income, and other income (expense), net. Segment adjusted EBITDA also excludes impairments and other items that we do not believe are reflective of our ongoing operations.

We generally allocate operating expenses to the respective segments based on usage. The CODM does not evaluate segments using asset information and, accordingly, we do not report asset information by segment.

Results of operations for the reportable segments and reconciliation to income before income taxes is as follows:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Net revenues
Product Commerce	$	6,431	$	5,682	$	12,925	$	11,340
Developing Offerings	892		156		1,512		298
Total net revenues	$	7,323	$	5,838	$	14,437	$	11,638
Segment adjusted EBITDA
Product Commerce	$	530	$	408	$	997	$	696
Developing Offerings	(200)		(107)		(386)		(155)
Total segment adjusted EBITDA	$	330	$	300	$	611	$	541
Reconciling items:
Depreciation and amortization	$	(106)	$	(66)	$	(201)	$	(130)
Equity-based compensation	(109)		(86)		(197)		(156)
Acquisition and restructuring related costs	(19)		—		(77)		—
Estimated KFTC administrative fine (see Note 10)	(121)		—		(121)		—
Interest expense	(37)		(13)		(64)		(21)
Interest income	53		42		108		73
Other income (expense), net	12		(6)		3		(11)
Income before income taxes	$	3	$	171	$	62	$	295

Note: Amounts may not foot due to rounding.

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4. Defined Severance Benefits

The following table provides the components of net periodic benefit costs and the portion of these costs charged to expense:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Current service costs	$	39	$	34	$	79	$	68
Interest cost	4		3		8		7
Amortization of:
Prior service credit	1		—		1		1
Net actuarial loss	1		—		2		—
Net periodic benefit cost	$	45	$	37	$	90	$	76

5. Income Taxes

Our tax provision from income taxes for interim periods is determined using an estimate of our annual effective tax rate, adjusted for discrete items, if any, that are taken into account in the relevant period. Each quarter we update our estimate of the annual effective tax rate, and if our estimated tax rate changes, we make a cumulative adjustment. No income tax benefit was accrued for jurisdictions where we anticipate incurring a loss during the full fiscal year as the related deferred tax assets were fully offset by a valuation allowance. Our resulting effective tax rate differs from the applicable statutory rate, primarily due to tax credits, the inclusion of the global intangible low-taxed income (GILTI) provisions, the valuation allowance against deferred tax assets in loss making jurisdictions, and other permanent differences.

The increase in our effective tax rate for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 is primarily due to the loss before income taxes incurred by Farfetch, with no offsetting tax benefit, the impact of the non-deductible estimated KFTC administrative fine (the “administrative fine”) discussed in “Note 10 - Commitments and Contingencies”, and the prospective impact of releasing the valuation allowance on our Korean deferred tax assets in the fourth quarter of 2023.

6. Earnings per Share

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net (loss) income attributable to Coupang stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing net (loss) income attributable to Coupang stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock and potentially dilutive common stock outstanding during the period.

We have two classes of common stock outstanding, Class A common stock and Class B common stock (collectively “common stock”), with equal rights to dividends and income. Earnings per share attributable to Coupang stockholders are therefore the same for Class A and Class B common stock, both on an individual and combined basis.

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The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share attributable to Coupang stockholders:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions, except per share amounts)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Numerator:
Net (loss) income attributable to Coupang stockholders	$	(77)	$	145	$	(72)	$	236

Denominator:
Weighted-average shares used in computing net (loss) income per share attributable to Class A and Class B common stockholders:
Basic	1,789		1,780		1,791		1,777
Dilutive effect of equity compensation awards	—		21		—		20
Diluted	1,789		1,800		1,791		1,797

Earnings per share:
Basic	$	(0.04)	$	0.08	$	(0.04)	$	0.13
Diluted	$	(0.04)	$	0.08	$	(0.04)	$	0.13

Anti-dilutive shares	34		4		28		5

Note: Amounts may not foot due to rounding.

7. Fair Value Measurement

Fair value represents the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. U.S. GAAP established a hierarchy framework to classify the fair value measurement into one of the three levels based on the observability of significant inputs to the measurement.

The following table summarizes our financial assets and financial liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis:


(in millions)	Classification	Measurement Level	June 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Financial assets
Money market trust	Cash and cash equivalents	Level 1	$	1,699	$	1,582
Money market fund	Cash and cash equivalents	Level 1	$	755	$	1,205
Money market trust	Restricted cash	Level 1	$	88	$	86

8. Supplemental Financial Information

Supplemental Disclosure of Cash flow Information


	Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions)	2024		2023
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information


Cash paid for the amount used to measure the operating lease liabilities	$	274	$	211
Operating lease assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations	$	663	$	166
Net increase to operating lease right-of-use assets resulting from remeasurements of lease obligations	$	43	$	65
Non-cash investing and financing activities
Increase in property and equipment-related accounts payable	$	47	$	5

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The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the consolidated balance sheets that sum to the total of the same such amounts shown within the consolidated statements of cash flows.


(in millions)	June 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	5,536	$	5,243
Restricted cash	257		353
Noncurrent assets
Restricted cash included in long-term leasehold deposits and other	1		1
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	5,794	$	5,597

Supplier Financing Arrangements

We have agreements with third-party financial institutions to facilitate participating vendors’ and suppliers’ ability to settle payment obligations from us to designated third-party financial institutions. Participating vendors and suppliers may, at their sole discretion, settle obligations prior to their scheduled due dates at a discounted price to the participating financial institutions. The invoices that have been confirmed as valid under the program require payment, in full, based on the original standard invoice terms. Confirmed invoices owed to financial institutions under these programs are included within accounts payable and were $443 million and $459 million as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Coupang or the financial institutions may terminate the agreement upon giving notice.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income

Accumulated other comprehensive loss includes all changes in equity during a period that have yet to be recognized in income. The major components are foreign currency translation adjustments and actuarial gains (losses) on our defined severance benefits. As of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the ending balance in accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income related to foreign currency translation adjustments was $(140) million and $44 million, respectively, and the amount related to actuarial losses on defined severance benefits was $(58) million and $(61) million, respectively.

Share Repurchase

In April 2024, we repurchased 10 million shares of our Class A common stock for $178 million in a private transaction.

9. Short-term Borrowings and Long-term Debt

Revolving Credit Facility

In January 2024, our senior unsecured credit facility (the “Revolving Credit Facility”) was amended to extend the maturity date to February 2026 and to bring the aggregate principal amount to $875 million. The Revolving Credit Facility continues to provide us the right to request incremental commitments up to $1.25 billion, subject to customary conditions.

The Revolving Credit Facility contains customary affirmative and negative covenants, including certain financial covenants. The Revolving Credit Facility is guaranteed on a senior unsecured basis by all our material restricted subsidiaries, subject to customary exceptions.

Farfetch Term Loan

As part of the Farfetch Acquisition, our subsidiary assumed the then outstanding syndicated Term Loans (“Farfetch Term Loans”) under Farfetch’s existing Credit Agreement with certain banks and financial institutions of $575 million, inclusive of fees incurred and less $58 million we repurchased upon acquisition. Repayment of the Farfetch Term Loans is due in quarterly installments, of 0.25%, payable on the last business day of each fiscal quarter. The Farfetch Term Loans mature in October 2027, and early payment is permitted. The Term Loans bear interest at a rate equal to SOFR plus 6.25% per annum. As of June 30, 2024, $572 million was outstanding.

The Farfetch Term Loans contain customary affirmative covenants as well as customary negative covenants, including, but not limited to, restrictions on certain entities within Farfetch’s ability to incur additional debt, make investments, make distributions, dispose of assets, or enter into certain types of related party transactions. The loans are secured against specified assets of the Farfetch group and guaranteed by certain subsidiaries of Farfetch.

Our debt is recorded at amortized cost. The fair value is estimated using Level 2 inputs based on our current interest rate for similar types of borrowing arrangements. The carrying amount of debt approximates its fair value as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 due primarily to the interest rates approximating market interest rates.

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We were in compliance with the covenants for each of our borrowings and debt agreements as of June 30, 2024.

10. Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments

Unconditional purchase obligations include legally binding contracts with terms in excess of one year that are not reflected on the consolidated balance sheets. These contractual commitments primarily relate to technology related service contracts, fulfillment center construction contracts and software licenses. For contracts with variable terms, we do not estimate the total obligation beyond any minimum pricing as of the reporting date.

Legal Matters

From time to time, we may become party to litigation incidents and other legal proceedings, including regulatory proceedings, in the ordinary course of business. We assess the likelihood of any adverse judgments or outcomes with respect to these matters and determines loss contingency assessments on a gross basis after assessing the probability of incurrence of a loss and whether a loss is reasonably estimable. In addition, we consider other relevant factors that could impact our ability to reasonably estimate a loss. A determination of the amount of reserves required, if any, for these contingencies is made after analyzing each matter. Our reserves may change in the future due to new developments or changes in strategy in handling these matters. Although the results of litigation and claims cannot be predicted with certainty, we currently believe that the final outcome of currently pending legal matters will not have a material adverse effect on our business, consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. Regardless of the outcome, litigation can have an adverse impact on us because of defense and settlement costs, diversion of management resources, and other factors.

Litigation

On August 26, 2022, a putative class action was filed on behalf of all purchasers of Coupang Class A common stock pursuant and/or traceable to Coupang’s registration statement issued in connection with our initial public offering. Choi v. Coupang, Inc. et al was brought against Coupang, Inc., and certain of its former and current directors, current officers, and certain underwriters of the offering. The action was filed in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York alleging inaccurate and misleading or omitted statements of material fact in Coupang's Registration Statement in violation of Sections 11, 12, and 15 of the Securities Act of 1933. The action was amended on May 22, 2023, and added allegations of securities fraud under Sections 10 and 20 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. The action seeks unspecified compensatory damages, attorneys’ fees, and reasonable costs and expenses. Between August and December 2023, three separate stockholders’ derivative actions were filed in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York against certain of Coupang’s former and current directors and current officers. Coupang was named as a nominal defendant in the actions. These derivative actions purport to assert claims on behalf of Coupang and make substantially similar factual allegations to Choi v. Coupang, Inc. et al, bringing claims for, among other things, breach of fiduciary duty, unjust enrichment, and violations of securities laws. The actions seek compensatory damages, governance reforms, and other relief. We believe all the aforementioned actions are without merit and intend to vigorously defend against the aforementioned actions. A reasonable estimate of the amount of any possible loss or range of loss cannot be made at this time. Accordingly, we can provide no assurance as to the scope and outcome of this matter and no assurance as to whether our business, financial position, results of operations or cash flows will not be materially adversely affected.

Korea Fair Trade Commission Investigations

In June 2021, the Korea Fair Trade Commission (the “KFTC”) initiated an investigation into a potential violation of the Monopoly Regulation and Fair Trade Act, including alleged preferential treatments of private labelled products provided by our subsidiary, Coupang Private Label Brands. On June 12, 2024, the KFTC publicly announced that as a result of their investigation, our product search rankings violate Korean law; a regulatory finding subject to judicial review. The KFTC announced that it would impose an administrative fine on us and that it intends to direct us to take certain related corrective actions. We are waiting for the KFTC to issue its formal written decision and plan to appeal the KFTC’s decision with the Seoul High Court following the issuance of the KFTC’s formal written decision as we believe we have substantial defenses against the KFTC’s claims and we will defend against them. Payments of fines to the KFTC are not stayed during an appeal process. We accrued the estimated administrative fine in the second quarter of 2024, resulting in a charge, included within operating, general and administrative expenses, of approximately $121 million representing the administrative fine announced by the KFTC plus an estimate of additional fine amounts through June 2024.

The KFTC is also investigating us on other matters related to the alleged violations of certain KFTC regulations. We are diligently cooperating with these investigations, and actively defending our practices as appropriate.

Under Korean law, the issues addressed in the investigations can be resolved through civil, administrative, or criminal proceedings. The ultimate case resolution could include fines, orders to alter our processes or procedures, and criminal investigations or charges against individuals or us. We cannot reasonably estimate any penalties, loss or range of loss that may arise from these other KFTC Investigations, in excess of the amounts accrued. Accordingly, we can provide no assurance as to the scope and outcome of these

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other matters and no assurance as to whether our business, financial position, results of operations or cash flows will not be materially adversely affected.

11. Business Combinations – Farfetch

Farfetch Acquisition

On January 30, 2024 we completed the acquisition of Farfetch. We believe the acquisition will allow us to expand into luxury retail. We have accounted for this acquisition as a business combination. Total purchase consideration consisted of amounts previously funded to Farfetch under a loan prior to acquisition (the “Bridge Loan”) and required partial repayment of the Farfetch Term Loans at the close of the transaction.


(in millions)	Estimated Fair Value
Farfetch Term Loan repayment	$	58
Bridge Loan contribution	150
Total purchase consideration	$	208

Purchase Price Allocation

We have estimated the preliminary fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on information currently available and will continue to adjust those estimates as additional information becomes available during the measurement period. The measurement period will end no later than one year from the acquisition date.

The following table summarizes the preliminary allocation of purchase consideration and the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date:


(in millions)	Estimated Fair Value
Assets acquired
Cash and cash equivalents	$	126
Accounts receivable, net	288
Inventories	310
Prepaids and other current assets	224
Property and equipment, net	95
Intangible assets	325
Operating lease right-of-use assets	209
Other non-current assets	227
Liabilities assumed
Accounts payable	(505)
Other current liabilities	(169)
Long-term debt	(557)
Operating lease obligations	(214)
Other non-current liabilities	(177)
Net assets assumed	182
Noncontrolling interests	(78)
Goodwill on acquisition	104
Total consideration	$	208

The excess of purchase consideration over the fair value of net identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed was recorded as goodwill which is not deductible for tax purposes. Goodwill represents the future economic benefits we expect to achieve as a result of the acquisition, including the workforce of the acquired business as well as future operational and logistical cost efficiencies expected to be achieved. Goodwill was recorded in our Developing Offerings segment.

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The identifiable intangible assets acquired were as follows:


(in millions, except years)	Weighted Average Useful Life	Estimated Fair Value
Brand trademarks	5 years	$	130
Customer relationships	5 years	34
Supplier relationships	15 years	61
Developed technology	3 years	38
Brand licenses	8 years	62
Total intangible assets		$	325

The results of Farfetch included in our consolidated statement of operations since the closing of the acquisition were as follows:


	Three Months Ended June 30,		Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions)	2024
Total net revenues	$	460	$	748






Net loss	$	(108)	$	(230)

Acquisition-related costs were recorded as operating expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and were not material.

Supplemental Pro Forma Information (Unaudited)

The following financial information presents our results as if the acquisition of Farfetch had occurred on January 1, 2023:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Pro Forma Information
Total net revenues	$	7,323	$	6,409	$	14,624	$	12,767
Net (loss) income	$	(108)	$	24	$	(228)	$	55

These pro forma results are based on estimates and assumptions, which we believe are reasonable. They are illustrative only and are not the results that would have been achieved had the acquisition actually occurred on January 1, 2023, nor are they indicative of future results. The pro forma results include adjustments related to the business combination, including amortization of acquired intangibles, stock-based compensation, lease expense, and income taxes.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this Form 10-Q, as well as our audited consolidated financial statements included in our 2023 Form 10-K. This discussion, particularly information with respect to our future results of operations or financial condition, business strategy and plans, and objectives of management for future operations, includes forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties as described under the heading “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” in this Form 10-Q. As a result of many factors, including, without limitation, those factors set forth in the “Risk Factors” section of our 2023 Form 10-K and the “Risk Factors” section of subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, our actual results or timing of certain events could differ materially from the results or timing described in, or implied by, these forward-looking statements. In the following discussion and analysis, amounts may not foot due to rounding.


			Page
Overview			18
Key Business Metrics			19
Non-GAAP Financial Measures			20
Results of Operations			23
Liquidity and Capital Resources			25
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates			27
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements			27

Overview

Coupang provides retail, restaurant delivery, video streaming, and fintech services to customers around the world. Coupang’s mission is to revolutionize the everyday lives of its customers and create a world where people wonder, “How did I ever live without Coupang?” Headquartered in the United States, Coupang has operations and support services in geographies including South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore, China, India and Europe.

We believe that we are a preeminent retail destination because of our broad selection, low prices, and exceptional delivery and customer experience across our owned inventory selection as well as products offered by third-party merchants, in Korea. Our unique end-to-end integrated fulfillment, logistics, and technology network enables Rocket Delivery, which provides free, next-day delivery for orders placed anytime of the day, even seconds before midnight—across millions of products in Korea. Our structural advantages from complete end-to-end integration, investments in technology, and scale economies generate higher efficiencies that allow us to pass savings to customers in the form of lower prices. The capabilities we have built provide us with opportunities to expand into other offerings and geographies.

In January 2024 we acquired the business and assets of Farfetch, a leading global marketplace for the luxury fashion industry which connects customers with some of the world’s best luxury boutiques and brands.

Our segments reflect the way we evaluate our business performance and manage operations. See Note 3 — "Segment Reporting" to the condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Product Commerce primarily includes core Korean retail (owned inventory) and marketplace offerings (third-party merchants) and Rocket Fresh, our fresh grocery offering, as well as advertising products associated with these offerings. Revenues from Product Commerce are derived primarily from online product sales of owned inventory to customers in Korea, commissions, logistics and fulfillment fees earned from merchants that sell products through our mobile application and website, and from Rocket WOW membership.

Developing Offerings includes more nascent offerings and services, including Coupang Eats, our restaurant ordering and delivery service in Korea, Coupang Play, our online content streaming service in Korea, fintech, our retail operations in Taiwan, as well as advertising products associated with these offerings, and also includes Farfetch, our newly acquired global luxury fashion marketplace. Revenues from Developing Offerings are primarily generated from our global luxury fashion marketplace, online restaurant ordering and delivery services in Korea and retail operations in Taiwan.

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Key Financial and Operating Highlights:


(in millions)	Three Months Ended June 30,						% Change		Six Months Ended June 30,						% Change
	2024			2023					2024(1)			2023
Total net revenues	$	7,323		$	5,838		25	%	$	14,437		$	11,638		24	%
Total net revenues, constant currency(2)	$	7,617					30	%	$	15,013					29	%
Gross profit(3)	$	2,142		$	1,524		41	%	$	4,071		$	2,944		38	%
Net (loss) income	$	(105)		$	145		NM(4)		$	(129)		$	236		NM(4)
Net (loss) income margin	(1.4)		%	2.5		%			(0.9)		%	2.0		%
Adjusted EBITDA(2)	$	330		$	300		10	%	$	611		$	541		13	%
Adjusted EBITDA margin(2)	4.5		%	5.1		%			4.2		%	4.6		%
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	664		$	820		(19)	%	$	876		$	1,321		(34)	%
Free cash flow(2)	$	488		$	450		8	%	$	595		$	857		(31)	%
Segment adjusted EBITDA:
Product Commerce	$	530		$	408		30	%	$	997		$	696		43	%
Developing Offerings	$	(200)		$	(107)		87	%	$	(386)		$	(155)		149	%


	Trailing Twelve Months Ended June 30,				% Change
(in millions)	2024		2023
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	2,206	$	1,960	13	%
Free cash flow(2)	$	1,513	$	1,096	38	%

(1)Includes results of operations of Farfetch from acquisition date, January 30, 2024.

(2)Total net revenues, constant currency; total net revenues growth, constant currency; adjusted EBITDA; adjusted EBITDA margin; and free cash flow are non-GAAP measures. See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” and “Reconciliations of GAAP to Non-GAAP Measures” below for the reconciliation of the Non-GAAP measures with their comparable amounts prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”).

(3)Gross profit is calculated as total net revenues minus cost of sales.

(4)Non-meaningful

Key Business Metrics


	Three Months Ended
(in millions, except net revenues per Product Commerce Active Customer)	June 30, 2024		March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023		September 30, 2023		June 30, 2023
Net revenues per Product Commerce Active Customer	$	296	$	302	$	302	$	296	$	293
Product Commerce Active Customers	21.7		21.5		20.8		20.2		19.4

Net Revenues per Product Commerce Active Customer

Net revenues per Product Commerce Active Customer is the total Product Commerce net revenues generated in a period divided by the total number of Product Commerce Active Customers in that period. A key driver of growth is increasing the frequency and the level of spend of customers who are shopping on our Product Commerce apps or websites. We therefore view net revenues per Product Commerce Active Customer as a key indicator of engagement and retention of our customers and our ability to drive future revenue growth, though there may be a short-term dilutive impact when a large number of new Product Commerce active customers are added in a recent period.

Product Commerce Active Customers

As of the last date of each reported period, we determine our number of Product Commerce Active Customers by counting the total number of individual customers who have ordered at least once directly from our Product Commerce apps or websites during the relevant period. A customer is anyone who has created an account on our apps or websites, identified by a unique email address. The change in Product Commerce Active Customers in a reported period captures both the inflow of new customers as well as the outflow of existing customers who have not made a purchase in the period. We view the number of Product Commerce Active Customers as an indicator of future growth in our net revenue, the reach of our network, the awareness of our brand, and the engagement of our customers.

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Non-GAAP Financial Measures

We report our financial results in accordance with U.S. GAAP. However, management believes that certain non-GAAP financial measures provide investors with additional useful information in evaluating our performance. These non-GAAP financial measures may be different than similarly titled measures used by other companies.

Our non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered in isolation from, or as substitutes for, financial information prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Non-GAAP measures have limitations in that they do not reflect all the amounts associated with our results of operations as determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP. These measures should only be used to evaluate our results of operations in conjunction with the corresponding U.S. GAAP measures.


Non-GAAP Measure	Definition	How We Use The Measure
Free Cash Flow	• Cash flow from operations Less: purchases of property and equipment, Plus: proceeds from sale of property and equipment.	• Provides information to management and investors about the amount of cash generated from our ongoing operations that, after purchases and sales of property and equipment, can be used for strategic initiatives, including investing in our business and strengthening our balance sheet, including paying down debt, and paying dividends to stockholders.
Adjusted EBITDA	• Net income (loss), excluding the effects of: - depreciation and amortization, - interest expense, - interest income, - other income (expense), net, - income tax expense (benefit), - equity-based compensation, - impairments, and - other items not reflective of our ongoing operations.	• Provides information to management to evaluate and assess our performance and allocate internal resources. • We believe Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin are frequently used by investors and other interested parties in evaluating companies in the retail industry for period-to-period comparisons as they remove the impact of certain items that are not representative of our ongoing business, such as material non-cash items, acquisition-related transaction and restructuring costs, significant costs related to certain non-ordinary course legal and regulatory matters, and certain variable charges.
Adjusted EBITDA Margin	• Adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of total net revenues.
Constant Currency Revenue	• Constant currency information compares results between periods as if exchange rates had remained constant. • We define constant currency revenue as total revenue excluding the effect of foreign exchange rate movements, and use it to determine the constant currency revenue growth on a comparative basis. • Constant currency revenue is calculated by translating current period revenues using the prior period exchange rate.	• The effect of currency exchange rates on our business is an important factor in understanding period-to-period comparisons. Our financial reporting currency is the U.S. dollar (“USD”) and changes in foreign exchange rates can significantly affect our reported results and consolidated trends. For example, our business generates sales predominantly in Korean Won (“KRW”), which are favorably affected as the USD weakens relative to the KRW, and unfavorably affected as the USD strengthens relative to the KRW. • We use constant currency revenue and constant currency revenue growth for financial and operational decision-making and as a means to evaluate comparisons between periods. We believe the presentation of our results on a constant currency basis in addition to U.S. GAAP results helps improve the ability to understand our performance because they exclude the effects of foreign currency volatility that are not indicative of our actual results of operations.
Constant Currency Revenue Growth	• Constant currency revenue growth (as a percentage) is calculated by determining the increase in current period revenue over prior period revenue, where current period foreign currency revenue is translated using prior period exchange rates.

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Reconciliation of GAAP to Non-GAAP Measures

Free Cash Flow


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,				Trailing Twelve Months Ended June 30,
(in millions)	2024		2023		2024		2023		2024		2023
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	664	$	820	$	876	$	1,321	$	2,206	$	1,960
Adjustments:
Purchases of land and buildings	(33)		(271)		(43)		(299)		(118)		(477)
Purchases of equipment	(145)		(105)		(242)		(173)		(591)		(400)
Total purchases of property and equipment	(178)		(376)		(285)		(472)		(709)		(876)
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment	2		6		4		7		16		13
Total adjustments	$	(176)	$	(370)	$	(281)	$	(465)	$	(693)	$	(864)
Free cash flow	$	488	$	450	$	595	$	857	$	1,513	$	1,096
Net cash used in investing activities	$	(178)	$	(429)	$	(295)	$	(512)	$	(710)	$	(931)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	$	(132)	$	251	$	(80)	$	329	$	(210)	$	495

Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin


	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions)	2024			2023			2024			2023
Total net revenues	$	7,323		$	5,838		$	14,437		$	11,638

Net (loss) income	(105)			145			(129)			236
Net (loss) income margin	(1.4)		%	2.5		%	(0.9)		%	2.0		%
Adjustments:
Depreciation and amortization	106			66			201			130
Interest expense	37			13			64			21
Interest income	(53)			(42)			(108)			(73)
Income tax expense	108			26			191			59
Other income (expense), net	(12)			6			(3)			11
Acquisition and restructuring related costs	19			—			77			—
Estimated KFTC administrative fine	121			—			121			—
Equity-based compensation	109			86			197			156
Adjusted EBITDA	$	330		$	300		$	611		$	541
Adjusted EBITDA margin	4.5		%	5.1		%	4.2		%	4.6		%

Coupang, Inc.

Q2 2024 Form 10-Q


Table of Contents

Constant Currency Revenue and Constant Currency Revenue Growth


	Three Months Ended June 30,								Year over Year Growth
	2024						2023
(in millions)	As Reported		Exchange Rate Effect		Constant Currency Basis		As Reported			As Reported		Constant Currency Basis
Consolidated
Net retail sales	$	5,779	$	239	$	6,018	$	5,140		12	%	17	%
Net other revenue	1,544		55		1,599		698			121	%	129	%
Total net revenues	$	7,323	$	294	$	7,617	$	5,838		25	%	30	%

Net Revenues by Segment
Product Commerce	$	6,431	$	275	$	6,706	$	5,682		13	%	18	%
Developing Offerings	892		18		910		156			472	%	483	%
Total net revenues	$	7,323	$	294	$	7,617	$	5,838		25	%	30	%


	Six Months Ended June 30,								Year over Year Growth
	2024						2023
(in millions)	As Reported		Exchange Rate Effect		Constant Currency Basis		As Reported			As Reported		Constant Currency Basis
Consolidated
Net retail sales	$	11,674	$	477	$	12,151	$	10,345		13	%	17	%
Net other revenue	2,763		99		2,862		1,293			114	%	121	%
Total net revenues	$	14,437	$	576	$	15,013	$	11,638		24	%	29	%

Net Revenues by Segment
Product Commerce	$	12,925	$	544	$	13,469	$	11,340		14	%	19	%
Developing Offerings	1,512		32		1,544		298			407	%	418	%
Total net revenues	$	14,437	$	576	$	15,013	$	11,638		24	%	29	%

Coupang, Inc.

Q2 2024 Form 10-Q


Table of Contents

Results of Operations


	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions)	2024		2023		% Change		2024(1)		2023		% Change
Net retail sales	$	5,779	$	5,140	12	%	$	11,674	$	10,345	13	%
Net other revenue	1,544		698		121	%	2,763		1,293		114	%
Total net revenues	7,323		5,838		25	%	14,437		11,638		24	%

Cost of sales	5,181		4,314		20	%	10,366		8,695		19	%
Operating, general and administrative	2,167		1,376		57	%	4,056		2,689		51	%
Total operating cost and expenses	7,348		5,690		29	%	14,422		11,384		27	%

Operating (loss) income	(25)		148		NM(2)		15		254		(94)	%
Interest income	53		42		26	%	108		73		48	%
Interest expense	(37)		(13)		185	%	(64)		(21)		205	%
Other income (expense), net	12		(6)		NM(2)		3		(11)		NM(2)
Income before income taxes	3		171		(98)	%	62		295		(79)	%
Income tax expense	108		26		315	%	191		59		224	%
Net (loss) income	$	(105)	$	145	NM(2)		$	(129)	$	236	NM(2)

(1)Includes results of operations of Farfetch from acquisition date, January 30, 2024.

(2)Non-meaningful

Total Net Revenues

We categorize our total net revenues as (1) net retail sales and (2) net other revenue. Total net revenues incorporate reductions for estimated returns, promotional discounts, and earned loyalty rewards and exclude amounts collected on behalf of third parties, such as value added taxes. We periodically provide customers with promotional discounts to retail prices, such as percentage discounts and other similar offers, to incentivize increased customer spending and loyalty. These promotional discounts are discretionary and are reflected as reductions to the selling price and revenue recognized on each corresponding transaction. Loyalty rewards are offered as part of revenue transactions to all retail customers in Korea, whereby rewards are earned as a percentage of each purchase, for the customer to apply towards the purchase price of a future transaction. We defer a portion of revenue from each originating transaction, based on the estimated standalone selling price of the loyalty reward earned, and then recognize the revenue as the loyalty reward is redeemed in a future transaction, or when they expire. The amount of the deferred revenue related to these loyalty rewards is not material.


	Three Months Ended June 30,				% Change				Six Months Ended June 30,				% Change
(in millions)	2024		2023		As Reported		Constant Currency		2024		2023		As Reported		Constant Currency
Net retail sales	$	5,779	$	5,140	12	%	17	%	$	11,674	$	10,345	13	%	17	%
Net other revenue	1,544		698		121	%	129	%	2,763		1,293		114	%	121	%
Total net revenues	$	7,323	$	5,838	25	%	30	%	$	14,437	$	11,638	24	%	29	%

Net retail sales represent the majority of our total net revenues which we earn from online product sales of our owned inventory to customers. Net other revenue includes revenue from commissions earned from merchants that sell their products through our apps or websites. We are not the merchant of record in these transactions, nor do we take possession of the related inventory. Net other revenue also includes consideration from online restaurant ordering and delivery services performed by us, as well as advertising services provided on our apps or websites. We also earn subscription revenue from memberships to our Rocket WOW membership program, which is also included in net other revenue.

Fulfillment and Logistics by Coupang (“FLC”) is a Product Commerce offering that enables participating merchants to leverage our end-to-end integrated logistics and fulfillment network. Prior to the second quarter of 2023 contract terms with FLC merchants resulted in the transfer of control of the merchants’ products to us and Coupang is the seller of record in these transactions, whereby revenue is recorded on a gross basis (principal). Beginning in the second quarter of 2023, we changed the FLC program and related contracts with merchants, streamlining the overall process for merchants and us. As a result of these changes, control of these products is no longer transferred to the Company prior to sales. The change impacted how we recognize a portion of our revenue, from a gross basis (principal) to a net basis (agent). As of the end of the second quarter of 2023, the previous contract terms had expired, after which commissions and logistics and fulfillment fees earned from FLC merchants under the new contracts are recorded in net other revenue.

Coupang, Inc.

Q2 2024 Form 10-Q


Table of Contents

The following table presents our total net revenues by segment.


	Three Months Ended June 30,				% Change				Six Months Ended June 30,				% Change
(in millions)	2024		2023		As Reported		Constant Currency		2024		2023		As Reported		Constant Currency
Product Commerce	$	6,431	$	5,682	13	%	18	%	$	12,925	$	11,340	14	%	19	%
Developing Offerings	892		156		472	%	483	%	1,512		298		407	%	418	%
Total net revenues	$	7,323	$	5,838	25	%	30	%	$	14,437	$	11,638	24	%	29	%

The increase in Product Commerce for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 is due to increased customer engagement within and across more product categories, as well as year over year growth in total net revenues per Product Commerce Active Customer excluding effects of foreign exchange rate, and our Product Commerce Active Customers. The growth rate was partially reduced by the net revenue impact of our transition of FLC merchants to new contracts now recognized on a net basis.

The increase in Developing Offerings for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 is primarily due to $460 million and $748 million, respectively, of incremental revenues from our acquisition of Farfetch in the first quarter of 2024, and our growth initiatives in Taiwan and Eats.

Cost of Sales

Cost of sales primarily consists of the purchase price of products sold directly to customers where we record revenue gross, and includes logistics costs. Inbound shipping and handling costs to receive products from suppliers are included in inventory and recognized in cost of sales as products are sold. Additionally, cost of sales includes outbound shipping and logistics related expenses, delivery costs from our restaurant delivery business, and depreciation and amortization expense.

The increase for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 primarily reflects higher volume from increased sales and customer demand as well as from the acquisition of Farfetch. Cost of sales as a percentage of revenue decreased from 73.9% and 74.7% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 to 70.7% and 71.8% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, primarily due to further operational efficiencies, continued supply chain optimization, and an increased percentage of revenues earned from higher margin revenue categories and offerings. Cost of sales as a percentage of revenue also benefited from the inclusion of Farfetch, which operates with a higher gross profit margin and generated gross profit of $203 million and $325 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively. These benefits were partially offset by the impacts from our other growth initiatives in developing offerings, such as Taiwan and Eats.

Operating, General and Administrative Expenses

Operating, general and administrative expenses include all our operating costs excluding cost of sales, as described above. More specifically, these expenses include costs incurred in operating and staffing our fulfillment centers (including costs attributed to receiving, inspecting, picking, packaging, and preparing customer orders), customer service-related costs, payment processing fees, costs related to the design, execution, and maintenance of our technology infrastructure and online offerings, advertising costs, general corporate function costs, and depreciation and amortization expense.

The increase for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 primarily reflects increases in fulfillment costs due to growth in our business, the estimated administrative fine, and Farfetch operating costs, including restructuring and acquisition-related costs of $19 million and $77 million, respectively. These expenses as a percentage of revenue increased from 23.6% and 23.1% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 to 29.6% and 28.1% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 primarily due to the inclusion of Farfetch, which operates with a higher expense margin, the impact of the estimated administrative fine, and decreased revenues from the transition to the new FLC contracts beginning in the second quarter of 2023.

Interest Income

Interest income primarily consists of interest earned on our deposits held with financial institutions.

Interest income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 increased $11 million and $35 million compared to the prior year periods, primarily due to higher interest rates combined with higher average cash balances.

Income Tax Expense

We are subject to income taxes predominantly in Korea, as well as in the United States and other foreign jurisdictions in which we do business. Foreign jurisdictions have different statutory tax rates than those in the United States. Additionally, certain of our foreign earnings may also be taxable in the United States. Accordingly, our effective tax rate is subject to significant variation and can vary based on the amount of pre-tax income or loss, the relative proportion of foreign to domestic income, use of tax credits and changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets and liabilities. Beginning in 2022, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, as currently

Coupang, Inc.

Coupang, Inc. [CPNG] Filings
10-Q	[2024-08-06]
10-Q	[2024-05-08]
10-K	[2024-02-28]
10-Q	[2023-11-08]
10-Q	[2023-08-09]
10-Q	[2023-05-10]
10-K	[2023-03-01]
10-Q	[2022-11-10]
10-Q	[2022-08-11]
10-Q	[2022-05-12]
10-K	[2022-03-03]
10-Q	[2021-11-12]
10-Q	[2021-08-16]
10-Q	[2021-05-13]
S-1	[2021-02-12]