CIRRUS LOGIC, INC. [CRUS] Filings

10-Q 1 crus-20220924.htm 10-Q crus-20220924

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q


☑			QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 24, 2022


☐			TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Transition Period from ____ to ____

Commission File Number 0-17795

CIRRUS LOGIC, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware

77-0024818

(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

800 W. 6th Street

Austin,

Texas

78701

(Address of principal executive offices)

(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code:

(512)

851-4000

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

Trading Symbol

Name of each exchange on which registered

Common stock, $0.001 par value

CRUS

The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.


Large Accelerated Filer	☑	Accelerated Filer	☐
Non-accelerated Filer	☐	Smaller Reporting Company	☐
		Emerging Growth Company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes ☐ No ☑

The number of shares of the registrant's common stock, $0.001 par value, outstanding as of October 28, 2022 was 55,060,601.

CIRRUS LOGIC, INC.

FORM 10-Q QUARTERLY REPORT

QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED SEPTEMBER 24, 2022

TABLE OF CONTENTS


PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION








Item 1.	Financial Statements

	Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets - September 24, 2022 (unaudited) and March 26, 2022	3

	Consolidated Condensed Statements of Income (unaudited) - Three and Six Months Ended September 24, 2022 and September 25, 2021	4

	Consolidated Condensed Statements of Comprehensive Income (unaudited) - Three and Six Months Ended September 24, 2022 and September 25, 2021	5

	Consolidated Condensed Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited) - Six Months Ended September 24, 2022 and September 25, 2021	6

	Consolidated Condensed Statements of Stockholders' Equity (unaudited) - Three and Six Months Ended September 24, 2022 and September 25, 2021	7

	Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements (unaudited)	8

Item 2.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	16

Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	21

Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	22

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	22

Item 1A.	Risk Factors	22

Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	25

Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	25

Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	25

Item 5.	Other Information	25

Item 6.	Exhibits	26

	Signatures	26

Part I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

CIRRUS LOGIC, INC.

CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands)


	September 24,		March 26,
	2022		2022
	(unaudited)
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	355,043	$	369,814
Marketable securities	23,869		10,601
Accounts receivable, net	304,546		240,264
Inventories	164,571		138,436
Prepaid assets	42,357		40,822
Other current assets	66,181		40,078
Total current assets	956,567		840,015

Long-term marketable securities	49,013		63,749
Right-of-use lease assets	162,859		171,003
Property and equipment, net	158,722		157,077
Intangibles, net	141,909		158,145
Goodwill	435,936		435,791
Deferred tax assets	13,094		11,068
Long-term prepaid wafers	174,787		195,000
Other assets	71,180		91,552
Total assets	$	2,164,067	$	2,123,400

Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	118,000	$	115,417
Accrued salaries and benefits	59,140		65,261
Software license agreements	22,925		21,736
Current lease liabilities	13,583		14,680
Acquisition-related liabilities	45,984		30,964
Other accrued liabilities	22,733		16,725
Total current liabilities	282,365		264,783

Long-term liabilities:

Non-current lease liabilities	152,294		163,162
Non-current income taxes	65,255		73,383
Long-term acquisition-related liabilities	—		8,692
Software license agreements	9,539		13,563

Total long-term liabilities	227,088		258,800

Stockholders' equity:
Capital stock	1,618,177		1,578,427
Accumulated earnings	40,927		23,435
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(4,490)		(2,045)
Total stockholders' equity	1,654,614		1,599,817
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	2,164,067	$	2,123,400

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated condensed financial statements.

CIRRUS LOGIC, INC.

CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

(in thousands, except per share amounts; unaudited)


	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	September 24,		September 25,		September 24,		September 25,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Net sales	$	540,574	$	465,886	$	934,213	$	743,139
Cost of sales	269,288		230,442		460,293		367,749
Gross profit	271,286		235,444		473,920		375,390
Operating expenses
Research and development	115,471		102,116		225,187		187,812
Selling, general and administrative	39,598		38,132		78,240		73,279

Total operating expenses	155,069		140,248		303,427		261,091
Income from operations	116,217		95,196		170,493		114,299
Interest income	1,528		288		2,051		1,308
Interest expense	(243)		(253)		(461)		(512)
Other income	295		1,859		801		1,617
Income before income taxes	117,797		97,090		172,884		116,712
Provision for income taxes	30,609		11,994		45,989		14,407
Net income	$	87,188	$	85,096	$	126,895	$	102,305

Basic earnings per share	$	1.56	$	1.48	$	2.27	$	1.78
Diluted earnings per share	$	1.52	$	1.43	$	2.20	$	1.72
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding	55,726		57,364		56,002		57,473
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding	57,418		59,451		57,620		59,485

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated condensed financial statements.

CIRRUS LOGIC, INC.

CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(in thousands; unaudited)


	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	September 24,		September 25,		September 24,		September 25,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Net income	$	87,188	$	85,096	$	126,895	$	102,305
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax
Foreign currency translation loss	(736)		(165)		(1,703)		(217)
Unrealized loss on marketable securities	(460)		(1,983)		(940)		(3,106)

Benefit for income taxes	97		417		198		653
Comprehensive income	$	86,089	$	83,365	$	124,450	$	99,635

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated condensed financial statements.

CIRRUS LOGIC, INC.

CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(in thousands; unaudited)


	Six Months Ended
	September 24,		September 25,
	2022		2021
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	126,895	$	102,305
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	33,734		27,710
Stock-based compensation expense	38,621		31,536
Deferred income taxes	(4,456)		(8,976)
Loss on retirement or write-off of long-lived assets	303		331

Other non-cash adjustments	185		200
Net change in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable, net	(64,282)		(165,529)
Inventories	(26,135)		(7,422)
Prepaid wafers	—		(195,000)
Other assets	(1,942)		(101,368)
Accounts payable and other accrued liabilities	(6,098)		280,941
Income taxes payable	7,201		4,320
Acquisition-related liabilities	6,328		33,329
Net cash provided by operating activities	110,354		2,377

Cash flows from investing activities:
Maturities and sales of available-for-sale marketable securities	6,655		357,636
Purchases of available-for-sale marketable securities	(6,036)		(68,163)
Purchases of property, equipment and software	(16,987)		(14,728)
Investments in technology	(484)		(3,102)
Acquisition of business, net of cash obtained	—		(275,642)


Net cash used in investing activities	(16,852)		(3,999)

Cash flows from financing activities:

Debt issuance costs	—		(1,716)
Issuance of common stock, net of shares withheld for taxes	1,131		3,203
Repurchase of stock to satisfy employee tax withholding obligations	(3,022)		(2,785)
Repurchase and retirement of common stock	(106,382)		(52,503)
Net cash used in financing activities	(108,273)		(53,801)

Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents	(14,771)		(55,423)

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	369,814		442,164
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	355,043	$	386,741

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated condensed financial statements.

CIRRUS LOGIC, INC.

CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

(in thousands; unaudited)


	Common Stock			Additional Paid-In Capital		Accumulated Earnings (Deficit)		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Total
Three Months Ended	Shares	Amount
Balance, June 26, 2021	57,547	$	58	$	1,514,491	$	(109,754)	$	1,936	$	1,406,731
Net income	—	—		—		85,096		—		85,096
Change in unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities, net of tax	—	—		—		—		(1,566)		(1,566)
Change in foreign currency translation adjustments	—	—		—		—		(165)		(165)
Issuance of stock under stock option plans and other, net of shares withheld for employee taxes	86	—		2,458		(1,012)		—		1,446
Repurchase and retirement of common stock	(505)	(1)		—		(40,002)		—		(40,003)
Stock-based compensation	—	—		16,551		—		—		16,551
Balance, September 25, 2021	57,128	$	57	$	1,533,500	$	(65,672)	$	205	$	1,468,090

Balance, June 25, 2022	55,899	$	56	$	1,596,628	$	5,894	$	(3,391)	$	1,599,187
Net income	—	—		—		87,188		—		87,188
Change in unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities, net of tax	—	—		—		—		(363)		(363)
Change in foreign currency translation adjustments	—	—		—		—		(736)		(736)
Issuance of stock under stock option plans and other, net of shares withheld for employee taxes	110	—		1,011		(2,156)		—		(1,145)
Repurchase and retirement of common stock	(583)	(1)		—		(49,999)		—		(50,000)
Stock-based compensation	—	—		20,483		—		—		20,483
Balance, September 24, 2022	55,426	$	55	$	1,618,122	$	40,927	$	(4,490)	$	1,654,614
Six Months Ended
Balance, March 27, 2021	57,652	$	58	$	1,498,761	$	(112,689)	$	2,875	$	1,389,005
Net income	—	—		—		102,305		—		102,305
Change in unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities, net of tax	—	—		—		—		(2,453)		(2,453)
Change in foreign currency translation adjustments	—	—		—		—		(217)		(217)
Issuance of stock under stock option plans and other, net of shares withheld for employee taxes	147	—		3,203		(2,785)		—		418
Repurchase and retirement of common stock	(671)	(1)		—		(52,503)		—		(52,504)
Stock-based compensation	—	—		31,536		—		—		31,536
Balance, September 25, 2021	57,128	$	57	$	1,533,500	$	(65,672)	$	205	$	1,468,090

Balance, March 26, 2022	56,596	$	57	$	1,578,370	$	23,435	$	(2,045)	$	1,599,817
Net income	—	—		—		126,895		—		126,895
Change in unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities, net of tax	—	—		—		—		(742)		(742)
Change in foreign currency translation adjustments	—	—		—		—		(1,703)		(1,703)
Issuance of stock under stock option plans and other, net of shares withheld for employee taxes	138	—		1,131		(3,022)		—		(1,891)
Repurchase and retirement of common stock	(1,308)	(2)		—		(106,381)		—		(106,383)
Stock-based compensation	—	—		38,621		—		—		38,621
Balance, September 24, 2022	55,426	$	55	$	1,618,122	$	40,927	$	(4,490)	$	1,654,614

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated condensed financial statements.

CIRRUS LOGIC, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited)

1. Basis of Presentation

The unaudited consolidated condensed financial statements have been prepared by Cirrus Logic, Inc. (“Cirrus Logic,” “we,” “us,” “our,” or the “Company”) pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”). The accompanying unaudited consolidated condensed financial statements do not include complete footnotes and financial presentations. As a result, these financial statements should be read along with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended March 26, 2022, included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Commission on May 20, 2022. In our opinion, the financial statements reflect all material adjustments, including normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position, operating results and cash flows for those periods presented. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with United States (“U.S.”) generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect reported assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. Actual results could differ from those estimates and assumptions. Moreover, the results of operations for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the entire year.

2. Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805) – Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers, which requires contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination to be recognized and measured at the acquisition date in accordance with Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) as if the acquirer had originated the contracts. Prior to the issuance of this ASU, contract assets and liabilities were recognized at fair value on the acquisition date. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within that fiscal year, with early adoption permitted, and should be applied on a prospective basis. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this guidance, but does not expect a material impact to the financial statements upon adoption.

In November 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-10, Government Assistance (Topic 832) – Disclosures by Business Entities about Government Assistance, which requires annual disclosures about transactions with a government that are accounted for by applying a grant or contribution type accounting model. The disclosures would require information about the nature and related policy used for the transactions, the line items on the balance sheet and income statement that are affected and the amounts applicable to each financial statement line item, and significant terms and conditions of the transactions. This ASU is effective for financial statements issued for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2021, with early adoption permitted, and can be applied on a prospective or retrospective basis. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this guidance, but does not expect a material impact to the financial statements upon adoption.

3. Marketable Securities

The Company’s investments have been classified as available-for-sale securities in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Marketable securities are categorized on the consolidated condensed balance sheet as "Marketable securities", within the short-term or long-term classification, as appropriate.

The following table is a summary of available-for-sale securities at September 24, 2022 (in thousands):


As of September 24, 2022	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value (Net Carrying Amount)
Corporate debt securities	$	69,730	$	—	$	(2,962)	$	66,768
Non-U.S. government securities	511		—		(12)		499
U.S. Treasury securities	5,520		—		(264)		5,256

Agency discount notes	384		—		(25)		359
Total securities	$	76,145	$	—	$	(3,263)	$	72,882

The Company typically invests in highly-rated securities with original maturities generally ranging from one to three years. The Company's specifically identified gross unrealized losses of $3.3 million related to securities with total amortized costs of approximately $75.9 million at September 24, 2022. Securities in a continuous unrealized loss position for more than

12 months as of September 24, 2022 had an aggregate amortized cost of $21.5 million and an aggregate unrealized loss of $1.2 million. The Company may sell certain of its marketable securities prior to their stated maturities for strategic reasons including, but not limited to, anticipated or actual changes in credit rating and duration management. The Company records an allowance for credit loss when a decline in investment market value is due to credit-related factors. When evaluating an investment for impairment, the Company reviews factors including the length of time and extent to which fair value has been below cost basis, the financial condition of the issuer, changes in market interest rates and whether it is more likely than not the Company will be required to sell the investment before recovery of the investment’s cost basis. As of September 24, 2022, the Company does not consider any of its investments to be impaired.

The following table is a summary of available-for-sale securities at March 26, 2022 (in thousands):


As of March 26, 2022	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value (Net Carrying Amount)
Corporate debt securities	$	70,296	$	2	$	(2,133)	$	68,165
Non-U.S. government securities	509		—		(9)		500
U.S. Treasury securities	5,483		—		(169)		5,314

Agency discount notes	385		—		(14)		371
Total securities	$	76,673	$	2	$	(2,325)	$	74,350

The Company's specifically identified gross unrealized losses of $2.3 million related to securities with total amortized costs of approximately $75.5 million at March 26, 2022. Securities in a continuous unrealized loss position for more than 12 months as of March 26, 2022 had an aggregate amortized cost of $3.5 million and an aggregate unrealized loss of $0.1 million. As of March 26, 2022, the Company did not consider any of its investments to be impaired.

The cost and estimated fair value of available-for-sale securities by contractual maturities were as follows (in thousands):


	September 24, 2022				March 26, 2022
	Amortized		Estimated		Amortized		Estimated
	Cost		Fair Value		Cost		Fair Value
Within 1 year	$	24,416	$	23,869	$	10,697	$	10,601
After 1 year	51,729		49,013		65,976		63,749
Total	$	76,145	$	72,882	$	76,673	$	74,350

4. Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company has determined that the only material assets and liabilities in the Company’s financial statements that are required to be measured at fair value on a recurring basis are the Company’s cash equivalents and marketable securities portfolio. The Company defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The Company applies the following fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value into three levels and bases the categorization within the hierarchy upon the lowest level of input that is available and significant to the fair value measurement. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements).

•Level 1 - Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

•Level 2 - Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

•Level 3 - Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

The Company’s cash equivalents and marketable securities portfolio consist of money market funds, commercial paper, debt securities, non-U.S. government securities, U.S Treasury securities and securities of U.S. government-sponsored enterprises and are reflected on our consolidated condensed balance sheets under the headings cash and cash equivalents,

marketable securities, and long-term marketable securities. The Company determines the fair value of its marketable securities portfolio by obtaining non-binding market prices from third-party pricing providers on the last day of the quarter, whose sources may use quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1 inputs) or inputs other than quoted prices that are observable either directly or indirectly (Level 2 inputs) in determining fair value.

The Company's long-term revolving credit facility, described in Note 8, bears interest at a base rate plus applicable margin or LIBOR plus applicable margin. As of September 24, 2022, there are no amounts drawn under the credit facility and the fair value is zero.

As of September 24, 2022 and March 26, 2022, the Company has no material Level 3 assets or liabilities. There were no transfers between Level 1, Level 2, or Level 3 measurements for the three or six months ended September 24, 2022.

The following summarizes the fair value of our financial instruments at September 24, 2022 (in thousands):


	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets Level 1		Significant Other Observable Inputs Level 2		Significant Unobservable Inputs Level 3		Total
Assets:
Cash equivalents
Money market funds	$	303,181	$	—	$	—	$	303,181



Available-for-sale securities
Corporate debt securities	$	—	$	66,768	$	—	$	66,768
Non-U.S. government securities	—		499		—		499
U.S. Treasury securities	5,256		—		—		5,256

Agency discount notes	—		359		—		359

	$	5,256	$	67,626	$	—	$	72,882

The following summarizes the fair value of our financial instruments at March 26, 2022 (in thousands):


	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets Level 1		Significant Other Observable Inputs Level 2		Significant Unobservable Inputs Level 3		Total
Assets:
Cash equivalents
Money market funds	$	217,151	$	—	$	—	$	217,151
Commercial paper	—		249		—		249
	$	217,151	$	249	$	—	$	217,400

Available-for-sale securities
Corporate debt securities	$	—	$	68,165	$	—	$	68,165
Non-U.S. government securities	—		500		—		500
U.S. Treasury securities	5,314		—		—		5,314

Agency discount notes	—		371		—		371
	$	5,314	$	69,036	$	—	$	74,350

5. Derivative Financial Instruments

Foreign Currency Forward Contracts

The Company uses foreign currency forward contracts to reduce the earnings impact that exchange rate fluctuations have on non-functional currency balance sheet exposures. The Company recognizes both the gains and losses on foreign currency forward contracts and the gains and losses on the remeasurement of non-functional currency assets and liabilities within "Other income" in the consolidated condensed statements of income. The Company does not apply hedge accounting to these foreign currency derivative instruments.

As of September 24, 2022, the Company held one foreign currency forward contract denominated in British Pound Sterling with a notional value of $8.4 million. The fair value of this contract was not material as of September 24, 2022.

The before-tax effect of derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments was as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	September 24,		September 25,		September 24,		September 25,
	2022		2021		2022		2021		Location
Loss recognized in income:
Foreign currency forward contracts	$	(576)	$	(397)	$	(795)	$	(65)	Other income

6. Accounts Receivable, net

The following are the components of accounts receivable, net (in thousands):


	September 24,		March 26,
	2022		2022
Gross accounts receivable	$	304,546	$	240,264
Allowance for doubtful accounts	—		—
Accounts receivable, net	$	304,546	$	240,264

The increase in accounts receivable is due primarily to the volume and timing of shipments in the current fiscal quarter versus the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2022.

7. Inventories

Inventories are comprised of the following (in thousands):


	September 24,		March 26,
	2022		2022
Work in process	$	122,107	$	95,188
Finished goods	42,464		43,248
	$	164,571	$	138,436

8. Revolving Credit Facility

On July 8, 2021, the Company entered into a second amended and restated credit agreement (the “Second Amended Credit Agreement”) with Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as administrative agent, and the lenders party thereto. The Second Amended Credit Agreement provides for a $300 million senior secured revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Credit Facility”). The Revolving Credit Facility matures on July 8, 2026 (the “Maturity Date”). The Revolving Credit Facility is required to be guaranteed by all of Cirrus Logic’s material domestic subsidiaries (the "Subsidiary Guarantors"). The Revolving Credit Facility is secured by substantially all the assets of Cirrus Logic and any Subsidiary Guarantors, except for certain excluded assets.

Borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility may, at Cirrus Logic’s election, bear interest at either (a) a base rate plus the applicable margin ("Base Rate Loans") or (b) a LIBOR rate plus the applicable margin ("LIBOR Rate Loans"). The applicable margin ranges from 0% to 0.75% per annum for Base Rate Loans and 1.00% to 1.75% per annum for LIBOR Rate Loans based on the ratio of consolidated funded indebtedness to consolidated EBITDA for the most recently ended period of four consecutive fiscal quarters (the “Consolidated Leverage Ratio”). The Second Amended Credit Agreement further provides a method for determining an alternative rate of interest if the LIBOR Rate is no longer available or upon the occurrence of certain other events. A Commitment Fee accrues at a rate per annum ranging from 0.175% to 0.275% (based on the Consolidated Leverage Ratio) on the average daily unused portion of the commitment of the lenders.

The Second Amended Credit Agreement contains customary affirmative covenants, including, among others, covenants regarding the payment of taxes and other obligations, maintenance of insurance, reporting requirements, and compliance with applicable laws and regulations. Further, the Second Amended Credit Agreement contains customary negative covenants limiting the ability of Cirrus Logic or any Subsidiary to, among other things, incur debt, grant liens, make investments, effect certain fundamental changes, make certain asset dispositions, and make certain restricted payments. The Revolving Credit Facility also contains certain financial covenants providing that (a) the ratio of consolidated funded indebtedness (minus up to $200 million of unrestricted cash and cash equivalents available on such date) to consolidated EBITDA for the prior four consecutive quarters must not be greater than 3.00 to 1.00 (the “Consolidated Net Leverage Ratio”) and (b) the ratio of consolidated EBITDA for the prior four consecutive quarters to consolidated interest expense paid or payable in cash for the prior four consecutive quarters must not be less than 3.00 to 1.00 (the “Consolidated Interest Coverage Ratio”).

As of September 24, 2022, the Company had no amounts outstanding under the Revolving Credit Facility and was in compliance with all covenants under the Second Amended Credit Agreement.

9. Revenues

Disaggregation of revenue

We disaggregate revenue from contracts with customers by product line and ship to location of the customer. Sales are designated in the respective product line categories of Audio and High-Performance Mixed-Signal.

Total net sales based on the product line disaggregation criteria described above are shown in the table below (in thousands).


	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	September 24,		September 25,		September 24,		September 25,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Audio Products	$	337,811	$	300,775	$	592,307	$	518,130
High-Performance Mixed-Signal Products	202,763		165,111		341,906		225,009
	$	540,574	$	465,886	$	934,213	$	743,139

The geographic regions that are reviewed are China, the United States, and the rest of the world. Total net sales based on the geographic disaggregation criteria described are as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	September 24,		September 25,		September 24,		September 25,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
China	$	350,254	$	303,193	$	611,745	$	471,518
United States	13,102		5,337		20,299		11,356
Rest of World	177,218		157,356		302,169		260,265
	$	540,574	$	465,886	$	934,213	$	743,139

Performance obligations

The Company's single performance obligation is the delivery of promised goods to the customer. The promised goods are explicitly stated in the customer contract and are comprised of either a single type of good or a series of goods that are substantially the same, have the same pattern of transfer to the customer, and are neither capable of being distinct nor separable

from the other promised goods in the contract. This performance obligation is satisfied upon transfer of control of the promised goods to the customer, as defined per the shipping terms within the customer's contract. The vast majority of the Company's contracts with customers have an original expected term length of one year or less. As allowed by Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, the Company has not disclosed the value of any unsatisfied performance obligations related to these contracts.

The Company’s products typically include a warranty period of one to three years. These warranties qualify as assurance-type warranties, as goods can be returned for product non-conformance and defect only. As such, these warranties are accounted for under ASC 460, Guarantees, and are not considered a separate performance obligation.

Contract balances

Payments are typically due within 30 to 60 days of invoicing and terms do not include significant financing components or noncash consideration. There have been no material impairment losses on accounts receivable. There are no material contract assets or contract liabilities recorded on the consolidated condensed balance sheets.

Transaction price

The transaction price is the amount of consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring the promised goods to the customer. Fixed pricing is the consideration that is agreed upon in the customer contract. Variable pricing includes rights of return, warranties, price protection and stock rotation. Rights of return and warranty costs are estimated using the "most likely amount" method by reviewing historical returns to determine the most likely customer return rate and applying materiality thresholds. Price protection includes price adjustments available to certain distributors based upon established book price and a stated adjustment period. Stock rotation is also available to certain distributors based on a stated maximum of prior billings.

The Company estimates all variable consideration at the most likely amount that it expects to be entitled to receive. The estimate is based on current and historical information, including recent sales activity and pricing, available to the Company. Variable consideration is only included in the transaction price to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is resolved. The Company defers all variable consideration that does not meet the revenue recognition criteria.

10. Income Taxes

Our provision for income taxes is based on estimated effective tax rates derived from an estimate of annual consolidated earnings before taxes, adjusted for nondeductible expenses, other permanent items, and any applicable income tax credits.

The following table presents the provision for income taxes (in thousands) and the effective tax rates:


	Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended
	September 24,			September 25,			September 24,			September 25,
	2022			2021			2022			2021
Income before income taxes	$	117,797		$	97,090		$	172,884		$	116,712
Provision for income taxes	$	30,609		$	11,994		$	45,989		$	14,407
Effective tax rate	26.0		%	12.4		%	26.6		%	12.3		%

Our income tax expense was $30.6 million and $12.0 million for the second quarters of fiscal years 2023 and 2022, respectively, resulting in effective tax rates of 26.0% and 12.4%, respectively. Our income tax expense was $46.0 million and $14.4 million for the first six months of fiscal years 2023 and 2022, respectively, resulting in effective tax rates of 26.6% and 12.3%, respectively. Our effective tax rates for the second quarter and first six months of fiscal year 2023 increased significantly year over year and were higher than the federal statutory rate primarily due to a provision in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 whereby research and development expenditures incurred in tax years beginning after December 31, 2021 must be capitalized and amortized ratably over five or fifteen years for tax purposes, depending on the location in which the research activities are conducted. The resulting capitalization of research and experimental costs impacts the calculation of the Company's global intangible low-taxed income, which is treated as a period cost, beginning in the first quarter of fiscal year 2023. Our effective tax rates for the second quarter and first six months of fiscal year 2022 were lower than the federal statutory rate primarily due to the effect of income earned in certain foreign jurisdictions that is taxed below the federal statutory rate.

The Company records unrecognized tax benefits for the estimated risk associated with tax positions taken on tax returns. At September 24, 2022, the Company had unrecognized tax benefits of $32.9 million, all of which would impact the effective tax rate if recognized. The Company’s total unrecognized tax benefits are classified as “Non-current income taxes" in the consolidated condensed balance sheets. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in the provision for income taxes. As of September 24, 2022, the balance of accrued interest and penalties, net of tax, was $5.8 million.

On July 27, 2015, the U.S. Tax Court issued an opinion in Altera Corp. et al. v. Commissioner which concluded that the regulations relating to the treatment of stock-based compensation expense in intercompany cost-sharing arrangements were invalid. In 2016 the U.S. Internal Revenue Service appealed the decision to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit (the “Ninth Circuit”). On July 24, 2018, the Ninth Circuit issued a decision that was subsequently withdrawn and a reconstituted panel conferred on the appeal. On June 7, 2019, the Ninth Circuit reversed the decision of the U.S. Tax Court and upheld the cost-sharing regulations. On February 10, 2020, Altera Corp. filed a Petition for a Writ of Certiorari with the Supreme Court of the United States, which was denied by the Supreme Court on June 22, 2020. Although the issue is now resolved in the Ninth Circuit, the Ninth Circuit's opinion is not binding in other circuits. The potential impact of this issue on the Company, which is not located within the jurisdiction of the Ninth Circuit, is unclear at this time. We will continue to monitor developments related to this issue and the potential impact of those developments on the Company's current and prior fiscal years.

The Company and its subsidiaries are subject to U.S. federal income tax as well as income tax in multiple state and foreign jurisdictions. Fiscal years 2017 through 2022 remain open to examination by the major taxing jurisdictions to which the Company is subject, although carry forward attributes that were generated in tax years prior to fiscal year 2017 may be adjusted upon examination by the tax authorities if they have been, or will be, used in a future period.

The Company's fiscal year 2017, 2018, and 2019 federal income tax returns are under examination by the U.S. Internal Revenue Service ("IRS"). The IRS has proposed adjustments that would increase U.S. taxable income related to transfer pricing matters with respect to our U.S. and U.K. affiliated companies, and in the first quarter of fiscal year 2023 issued a Revenue Agent’s Report asserting additional tax of approximately $170.5 million, excluding interest, and imposing penalties of approximately $63.7 million. We do not agree with the IRS's positions and we intend to vigorously dispute the proposed adjustments. We intend to pursue resolution through the administrative process with the IRS Independent Office of Appeals and, if necessary, through judicial remedies. We expect it could take a number of years to reach resolution on these matters. Although the final resolution of these matters is uncertain, the Company believes adequate amounts have been reserved for any adjustments to the provision for income taxes that may ultimately result. However, if the IRS prevails in these matters, the amount of assessed tax, interest, and penalties, if any, could be material and may have an adverse impact on our financial position, results of operations, and cash flows in future periods. The Company is not under an income tax audit in any other major taxing jurisdiction.

11. Net Income Per Share

Basic net income per share is based on the weighted effect of common shares issued and outstanding and is calculated by dividing net income by the basic weighted average shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net income per share is calculated by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares used in the basic net income per share calculation, plus the equivalent number of common shares that would be issued assuming exercise or conversion of all potentially dilutive common shares outstanding. These potentially dilutive items consist primarily of outstanding stock options and restricted stock grants.

The following table details the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share for the three and six months ended September 24, 2022 and September 25, 2021 (in thousands, except per share amounts):


	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	September 24,		September 25,		September 24,		September 25,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Numerator:
Net income	$	87,188	$	85,096	$	126,895	$	102,305
Denominator:
Weighted average shares outstanding	55,726		57,364		56,002		57,473
Effect of dilutive securities	1,692		2,087		1,618		2,012
Weighted average diluted shares	57,418		59,451		57,620		59,485
Basic earnings per share	$	1.56	$	1.48	$	2.27	$	1.78
Diluted earnings per share	$	1.52	$	1.43	$	2.20	$	1.72

The weighted outstanding shares excluded from our diluted calculation for the three and six months ended September 24, 2022 were 265 thousand and 288 thousand, respectively, as the shares were anti-dilutive. The weighted outstanding shares excluded from our diluted calculation for the three and six months ended September 25, 2021 were 95 thousand and 99 thousand, respectively, as the shares were anti-dilutive.

12. Commitments and Contingencies

Capacity Reservation Agreement

On July 28, 2021, the Company entered into a Capacity Reservation and Wafer Supply Commitment Agreement (the “Capacity Reservation Agreement”) with GLOBALFOUNDRIES Singapore Pte. Ltd. (“GlobalFoundries”) to provide the Company a wafer capacity commitment and wafer pricing for Company products for calendar years 2022-2026 (the “Commitment Period”).

The Capacity Reservation Agreement requires GlobalFoundries to provide, and the Company to purchase, a defined number of wafers on a quarterly basis for the Commitment Period, subject to shortfall payments. In exchange for GlobalFoundries’ capacity commitment, the Company paid a $60 million non-refundable capacity reservation fee. This reservation fee is recorded in "Other current assets" and "Other assets" on the consolidated condensed balance sheets within the short-term or long-term classification, as appropriate, and amortized over the Commitment Period. In addition, the Company pre-paid GlobalFoundries $195 million for future wafer purchases, which will be credited back to the Company as a portion of the price of wafers purchased beginning in the third quarter of calendar year 2023. This prepayment is currently recorded in "Long-term prepaid wafers" and "Other current assets" on the consolidated condensed balance sheets.

13. Legal Matters

From time to time, we are involved in legal proceedings concerning matters arising in connection with the conduct of our business activities. We regularly evaluate the status of legal proceedings in which we are involved in order to assess whether a loss is probable or there is a reasonable possibility that a loss or additional loss may have been incurred, and to determine if accruals are appropriate. We further evaluate each legal proceeding to assess whether an estimate of possible loss or range of loss can be made.

Based on current knowledge, management does not believe that there are any pending matters that could potentially have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. However, we are engaged in various legal actions in the normal course of business. There can be no assurances in light of the inherent uncertainties involved in any potential legal proceedings, some of which are beyond our control, and an adverse outcome in any legal proceeding could be material to our results of operations or cash flows for any particular reporting period.

14. Stockholders' Equity

Common Stock

The Company issued a net 0.1 million shares of common stock during both the three and six months ended September 24, 2022, and a net 0.1 million shares of common stock during both the three and six months ended September 25, 2021, pursuant to the Company's equity incentive plans.

Share Repurchase Program

In January 2021, the Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of $350 million of the Company’s common stock. Since inception, approximately $263.9 million of the Company’s common stock has been repurchased under the 2021 share repurchase program, leaving approximately $86.1 million available for repurchase under this plan as of September 24, 2022. During the three months ended September 24, 2022, the Company repurchased 0.6 million shares of its common stock under the 2021 plan for $50.0 million, at an average cost of $85.78 per share. During the six months ended September 24, 2022, the Company repurchased 1.3 million shares of its common stock under the 2021 plan for $106.4 million, at an average cost of $81.35 per share. Additionally, in July 2022, the Company announced that the Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program of up to $500 million of the Company's common stock. No shares have been repurchased under the 2022 plan as of September 24, 2022.

15. Segment Information

We determine our operating segments in accordance with FASB guidelines. Our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) has been identified as the chief operating decision maker under these guidelines.

The Company operates and tracks its results in one reportable segment, but reports revenue in two product lines, Audio and High-Performance Mixed-Signal. Our CEO receives and uses enterprise-wide financial information to assess financial performance and allocate resources, rather than detailed information at a product line level. Additionally, our product lines have similar characteristics and customers. They share support functions such as sales, public relations, supply chain management, various research and development and engineering support, in addition to the general and administrative functions of human resources, legal, finance and information technology. Therefore, there is no complete, discrete financial information maintained for these product lines. Revenue by product line is disclosed in Note 9 - Revenues.

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion should be read along with the unaudited consolidated condensed financial statements and notes thereto included in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, as well as the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto and Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations for the fiscal year ended March 26, 2022, contained in our fiscal year 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) on May 20, 2022. We maintain a website at investor.cirrus.com, which makes available free of charge our most recent annual report and all other filings we have made with the Commission.

Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q including Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and certain information incorporated herein by reference contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, (the "Exchange Act"). These forward-looking statements are based on expectations, estimates, forecasts and projections and the beliefs and assumptions of our management as of the filing of this Form 10-Q. In some cases, forward-looking statements are identified by words such as “expect,” “anticipate,” “target,” “project,” “believe,” “goals,” “estimates,” “intend,” and variations of these types of words and similar expressions which are intended to identify these forward-looking statements. In addition, any statements that refer to our plans, expectations, strategies or other characterizations of future events or circumstances are forward-looking statements. Readers are cautioned that these forward-looking statements are predictions and are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions that are difficult to predict. Therefore, actual results may differ materially and adversely from those expressed in any forward-looking statements

and readers should not place undue reliance on such statements. We undertake no obligation, and expressly disclaim any duty, to revise or update publicly any forward-looking statement for any reason.

For additional information regarding known material factors that could cause our actual results to differ from our projected results, please see “Item 1A - Risk Factors” in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Commission on May 20, 2022, and in "Part II, Item 1A - Risk Factors” within this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Readers should carefully review these risk factors, as well as those identified in other documents filed by us with the Commission.

Overview

Cirrus Logic, Inc. (“Cirrus Logic,” “We,” “Us,” “Our,” or the “Company”) is a leader in low-power, high-precision mixed-signal processing solutions that create innovative user experiences for the world’s top mobile and consumer applications.

We remain committed to our three-pronged strategy for growing our business: first, maintaining our leadership position in smartphone audio; second, broadening sales of audio components in key profitable applications beyond smartphones; and third, applying our mixed-signal engineering expertise to develop solutions in new, adjacent high-performance mixed-signal applications and markets.

Cirrus Logic continues to experience significant wafer supply constraints. In fiscal year 2022, we entered into a long-term Capacity Reservation and Wafer Supply Commitment Agreement with GlobalFoundries, to expand our ability to address unprecedented market demand and provide customers with much-needed supply assurance. In light of these constraints, we continue to prioritize supply towards key customers seeking to maximize total smartphone unit volumes, resulting in varied content across models and devices. We are working with our partners to secure additional capacity and seeking to expand foundry optionality where possible. See additional information in Note 12 - Commitments and Contingencies of the Notes to the Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements.

Impact of COVID-19

We continue to expect that COVID-19 will have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations and, with the pandemic ongoing, we are unable to predict the full extent and nature of these impacts at this time. The COVID-19 pandemic has and will likely continue to heighten or exacerbate many of the other risks described in the risk factors listed in our Form 10-K for the year ended March 26, 2022, and in our other filings with the Commission.

In the longer term, the COVID-19 pandemic is likely to continue to adversely affect the economies and financial markets of many countries, potentially leading to a global economic downturn, inflation or a recession. This has and may continue to adversely affect the demand environment for our products and those of our customers, particularly consumer products such as smartphones, which may, in turn negatively affect our revenue and operating results.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our discussion and analysis of the Company’s financial condition and results of operations are based upon the unaudited consolidated condensed financial statements included in this report, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts. We evaluate the estimates on an on-going basis. We base these estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions and conditions.

There have been no significant changes during the three and six months ended September 24, 2022, to the information provided under the headings “Critical Accounting Estimates” and "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" included in our fiscal year 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 26, 2022.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

For a discussion of recently issued accounting pronouncements, refer to Note 2 of the Notes to the Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements.

Results of Operations

Our fiscal year is the 52- or 53-week period ending on the last Saturday in March. Fiscal years 2023 and 2022 are both 52-week fiscal years.

The following table summarizes the results of our operations for the first three and six months of fiscal years 2023 and 2022, respectively, as a percentage of net sales. All percentage amounts were calculated using the underlying data in thousands, unaudited:


	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	September 24,		September 25,		September 24,		September 25,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Net sales	100	%	100	%	100	%	100	%
Gross margin	50	%	51	%	51	%	51	%
Research and development	21	%	22	%	24	%	26	%
Selling, general and administrative	7	%	9	%	9	%	10	%


Income from operations	22	%	20	%	18	%	15	%
Interest income	—	%	—	%	1	%	—	%
Interest expense	—	%	—	%	—	%	—	%
Other income	—	%	1	%	—	%	1	%
Income before income taxes	22	%	21	%	19	%	16	%
Provision for income taxes	6	%	3	%	5	%	2	%
Net income	16	%	18	%	14	%	14	%

Net Sales

Net sales for the second quarter of fiscal year 2023 increased $74.7 million, or 16 percent, to $540.6 million from $465.9 million in the second quarter of fiscal year 2022. Net sales from high-performance mixed-signal products increased $37.7 million for the quarter versus the second quarter of fiscal year 2022, primarily due to content gains, particularly in smartphones, and higher average sales prices ("ASPs"), partially offset by lower sales of fast-charging ICs in smartphones. Net sales from our audio products increased $37.0 million, primarily driven by higher ASPs and increased smartphone unit volumes.

Net sales for the first six months of fiscal year 2023 increased $191.1 million, or 26%, to $934.2 million from $743.1 million in the first six months of fiscal year 2022. High-performance mixed-signal product sales increased 52.0% due to content gains and higher ASPs. Net sales from our audio products increased $74.2 million, primarily due to higher ASPs and increased smartphone unit volumes.

International sales, including sales to U.S.-based end customers that manufacture products through contract manufacturers or plants located overseas, were approximately 98 percent and 99 percent of net sales for the second quarters of fiscal years 2023 and 2022 and 98 percent for each of the first six month periods of fiscal year 2023 and 2022, respectively. Our sales are denominated primarily in U.S. dollars.

Since the components we produce are largely proprietary, we consider our end customer to be the entity specifying the use of our component in their design. These end customers may purchase our products directly from us, through distributors or third-party manufacturers contracted to produce their designs. For the second quarter of fiscal years 2023 and 2022, our ten largest end customers represented approximately 91 percent and 93 percent of our net sales, respectively. For the first six months of fiscal year 2023 and 2022, our ten largest end customers represented approximately 90 percent and 92 percent of our net sales, respectively.

We had one end customer, Apple Inc., that purchased through multiple contract manufacturers and represented approximately 82 percent and 80 percent, of the Company’s total net sales for the second quarter of fiscal years 2023 and 2022, respectively and 81 percent and 77 percent for the first six months of fiscal year 2023 and 2022, respectively.

No other end customer or distributor represented more than 10 percent of net sales for the three and six months ended September 24, 2022 or September 25, 2021.

For more information, please see "Part II, Item 1A - Risk Factors" — “We depend on a limited number of customers and distributors for a substantial portion of our sales, and the loss of, or a significant reduction in orders from, or pricing on products sold to, any key customer or distributor could significantly reduce our sales and our profitability.”

Gross Margin

Gross margin was 50.2 percent in the second quarter of fiscal year 2023, down from 50.5 percent in the second quarter of fiscal year 2022. The decrease reflects an increase in supply chain costs that came into effect in January 2022, and to a lesser extent, higher reserves. This was favorably offset by the absence in the current quarter of the purchase price fair value adjustment to inventory, which was a one-time event in the second quarter of fiscal year 2022, as a result of the Lion Semiconductor, Inc. ("Lion") acquisition (the "Acquisition").

Gross margin was 50.7 percent for the first six months of fiscal year 2023, up from 50.5 percent for the first six months of fiscal year and 2022. The increase was primarily due to the absence in the current quarter of the purchase price fair value adjustment to inventory, which was a one-time event in the second quarter of fiscal year 2022, resulting from the Acquisition.

Research and Development Expense

Research and development expense for the second quarter of fiscal year 2023 was $115.5 million, an increase of $13.4 million, from $102.1 million in the second quarter of fiscal year 2022, as we continued to invest in R&D. Significant drivers included higher stock-based compensation, product development, facilities-related, employee-related, and variable compensation costs.

Research and development expense for the first six months of fiscal year 2023 was $225.2 million, an increase of $37.4 million, from $187.8 million for the first six months of fiscal year 2022 primarily due to higher employee-related expenses, stock-based compensation, product development, amortization of acquisition intangibles, facilities-related, acquisition-related, and variable compensation costs.

Selling, General and Administrative Expense

Selling, general and administrative expense for the second quarter of fiscal year 2023 was $39.6 million, an increase of $1.5 million, from $38.1 million in the second quarter of fiscal year 2022, primarily due to higher e