COSTAR GROUP, INC. [CSGP] Filings

10-Q 1 csgp-20220930.htm 10-Q csgp-20220930

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q


☒			QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2022


☐			TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ______ to ______

Commission file number 0-24531

CoStar Group, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Delaware						52-2091509
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)						(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)


1331 L Street, NW
Washington,	DC	20005

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

(202) 346-6500

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of each class	Trading Symbol	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock ($0.01 par value)	CSGP	Nasdaq Global Select Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.


Large accelerated filer	x	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No x

As of October 21, 2022, there were 406,690,060 shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding.

COSTAR GROUP, INC.

FORM 10-Q

TABLE OF CONTENTS


PART I	FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.	Financial Statements	4

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations	4

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income	5

	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	6

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity	7

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	9

	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	10

Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	31

Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	46

Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	47

PART II	OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	48

Item 1A.	Risk Factors	48

Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	61

Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	61

Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	61

Item 5.	Other Information	61

Item 6.	Exhibits	62

Signatures		63

PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.Financial Statements

COSTAR GROUP, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(in thousands, except per share data)

(unaudited)


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Revenues	$	556,921	$	499,319	$	1,609,054	$	1,437,349
Cost of revenues	108,364		92,597		304,814		270,911
Gross profit	448,557		406,722		1,304,240		1,166,438

Operating expenses:
Selling and marketing (excluding customer base amortization)	185,395		180,055		510,736		483,354
Software development	56,912		53,143		162,520		148,500
General and administrative	91,270		64,671		246,576		186,747
Customer base amortization	29,651		19,121		60,621		55,885
	363,228		316,990		980,453		874,486
Income from operations	85,329		89,732		323,787		291,952
Interest income (expense), net	10,656		(7,943)		(461)		(23,698)
Other income, net	1,389		1,546		3,596		2,343
Income before income taxes	97,374		83,335		326,922		270,597
Income tax expense	25,084		19,031		81,841		70,933
Net income	$	72,290	$	64,304	$	245,081	$	199,664



Net income per share - basic	$	0.18	$	0.16	$	0.62	$	0.51
Net income per share - diluted	$	0.18	$	0.16	$	0.62	$	0.51

Weighted-average outstanding shares - basic	394,712		392,419		393,650		392,101
Weighted-average outstanding shares - diluted	396,209		394,295		394,973		394,036

See accompanying notes.

COSTAR GROUP, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(in thousands)

(unaudited)


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Net income	$	72,290	$	64,304	$	245,081	$	199,664
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax
Foreign currency translation adjustment	(16,671)		(6,229)		(40,869)		(4,380)
Total other comprehensive loss	(16,671)		(6,229)		(40,869)		(4,380)
Total comprehensive income	$	55,619	$	58,075	$	204,212	$	195,284

See accompanying notes.

COSTAR GROUP, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands)

(unaudited)


	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	4,774,465	$	3,827,126

Accounts receivable	157,104		138,191
Less: Allowance for credit losses	(9,334)		(13,374)
Accounts receivable, net	147,770		124,817
Income tax receivable	9,278		—

Prepaid expenses and other current assets	75,074		36,182

Total current assets	5,006,587		3,988,125


Deferred income taxes, net	5,032		5,034
Property and equipment, net	306,319		271,431
Lease right-of-use assets	94,262		100,680
Goodwill	2,301,739		2,321,015
Intangible assets, net	343,232		435,662
Deferred commission costs, net	129,815		101,879
Deposits and other assets	16,872		21,762
Income tax receivable	2,005		11,283

Total assets	$	8,205,863	$	7,256,871
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:

Accounts payable	$	31,435	$	22,244
Accrued wages and commissions	83,041		81,794
Accrued expenses	77,275		81,676

Income taxes payable	39		31,236

Lease liabilities	34,063		26,268
Deferred revenue	100,053		95,471
Total current liabilities	325,906		338,689

Long-term debt, net	988,890		987,944


Deferred income taxes, net	80,611		98,656
Income taxes payable	14,603		12,496
Lease and other long-term liabilities	88,941		107,414
Total liabilities	1,498,951		1,545,199

Total stockholders' equity	6,706,912		5,711,672
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	8,205,863	$	7,256,871

See accompanying notes.

COSTAR GROUP, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(in thousands)

(unaudited)


	Common Stock			Additional Paid-In Capital		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		Retained Earnings		Total Stockholders’ Equity
	Shares	Amount
Balance at December 31, 2021	394,936	$	3,946	$	4,253,318	$	(5,758)	$	1,460,166	$	5,711,672
Net income	—	—		—		—		89,318		89,318
Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—		(6,356)		—		(6,356)

Restricted stock grants	1,277	13		(13)		—		—		—
Restricted stock grants surrendered	(403)	(4)		(19,455)		—		—		(19,459)
Stock-based compensation expense	—	—		18,005		—		—		18,005
Employee stock purchase plan	64	1		4,117		—		—		4,118
Balance at March 31, 2022	395,874	$	3,956	$	4,255,972	$	(12,114)	$	1,549,484	$	5,797,298
Net income	—	—		—		—		83,473		83,473
Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—		(17,842)		—		(17,842)

Restricted stock grants	65	1		(1)		—		—		—
Restricted stock grants surrendered	(108)	(1)		(295)		—		—		(296)
Stock-based compensation expense	—	—		17,680		—		—		17,680
Employee stock purchase plan	65	1		4,039		—		—		4,040
Balance at June 30, 2022	395,896	$	3,957	$	4,277,395	$	(29,956)	$	1,632,957	$	5,884,353
Net income	—	—		—		—		72,290		72,290


Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—		(16,671)		—		(16,671)

Restricted stock grants	80	1		(1)		—		—		—
Restricted stock grants surrendered	(69)	(1)		(503)		—		—		(504)
Stock-based compensation expense	—	—		17,928		—		—		17,928
Employee stock purchase plan	56	1		3,815		—		—		3,816
Stock issued for equity offering, net of transaction costs	10,656	107		745,593		—		—		745,700
Balance at September 30, 2022	406,619	$	4,065	$	5,044,227	$	(46,627)	$	1,705,247	$	6,706,912

See accompanying notes.

COSTAR GROUP, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(in thousands)

(unaudited)


	Common Stock			Additional Paid-In Capital(1)		Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income		Retained Earnings		Total Stockholders’ Equity
	Shares(1)	Amount(1)
Balance at December 31, 2020	394,285	$	3,943	$	4,204,703	$	(889)	$	1,167,602	$	5,375,359


Net income	—	—		—		—		74,212		74,212
Other comprehensive income	—	—		—		323		—		323
Exercise of stock options	206	2		6,339		—		—		6,341
Restricted stock grants	766	8		(7)		—		—		1
Restricted stock grants surrendered	(358)	(4)		(27,663)		—		—		(27,667)
Stock-based compensation expense	—	—		15,264		—		—		15,264
Employee stock purchase plan	36	—		3,092		—		—		3,092
Balance at March 31, 2021	394,935	$	3,949	$	4,201,728	$	(566)	$	1,241,814	$	5,446,925

Net income	—	—		—		—		61,148		61,148
Other comprehensive income	—	—		—		1,526		—		1,526

Restricted stock grants	50	—		—		—		—		—
Restricted stock grants surrendered	(75)	(1)		(737)		—		—		(738)
Stock-based compensation expense	—	—		14,811		—		—		14,811
Employee stock purchase plan	41	—		3,555		—		—		3,555
Balance at June 30, 2021	394,951	$	3,948	$	4,219,357	$	960	$	1,302,962	$	5,527,227
Net income	—	—		—		—		64,304		64,304
Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—		(6,229)		—		(6,229)
Restricted stock grants	35	—		—		—		—		—
Restricted stock grants surrendered	(61)	(1)		(900)		—		—		(901)
Stock-based compensation expense	—	—		16,021		—		—		16,021
Employee stock purchase plan	35	—		3,001		—		—		3,001
Balance at September 30, 2021	394,960	$	3,947	$	4,237,479	$	(5,269)	$	1,367,266	$	5,603,423
__________________________

(1) Prior period amounts have been adjusted to reflect the ten-for-one stock split, effected in the form of a stock dividend, in June 2021. See Note 2 for details.

See accompanying notes.

COSTAR GROUP, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(in thousands)

(unaudited)


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021
Operating activities:
Net income	$	245,081	$	199,664
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	109,983		102,390

Amortization of deferred commissions costs	55,373		46,728
Amortization of Senior Notes discount and issuance costs	1,771		1,742



Non-cash lease expense	23,108		21,118

Stock-based compensation expense	54,097		46,988
Deferred income taxes, net	(21,676)		16,255
Credit loss expense	13,468		7,797
Other operating activities, net	(1,774)		10


Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions:
Accounts receivable	(36,177)		(17,715)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	(17,235)		(18,820)
Deferred commissions	(83,875)		(49,798)
Accounts payable and other liabilities	2,131		(27,912)
Lease liabilities	(27,615)		(23,596)
Income taxes payable	(29,051)		(3,583)
Deferred revenue	4,488		15,800
Other assets	1,492		2,150
Net cash provided by operating activities	293,589		319,218

Investing activities:

Proceeds from sale of property and equipment and other assets	5,034		245
Purchase of Richmond assets and other intangibles	(31,530)		(123,623)
Purchases of property and equipment and other assets	(43,659)		(21,533)

Cash paid for acquisitions, net of cash acquired	(6,331)		(152,594)
Net cash used in investing activities	(76,486)		(297,505)

Financing activities:


Repayments of long-term debt assumed in acquisition	(2,155)		—
Repurchase of restricted stock to satisfy tax withholding obligations	(20,259)		(29,306)
Proceeds from equity offering, net of transaction costs	746,170		—
Proceeds from exercise of stock options and employee stock purchase plan	10,777		15,025
Other financing activities	—		(57)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	734,533		(14,338)

Effect of foreign currency exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents	(4,297)		(1,700)
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	947,339		5,675
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at the beginning of period	3,827,126		3,755,912
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at the end of period	$	4,774,465	$	3,761,587

Supplemental cash flow disclosures:
Interest paid	$	29,473	$	31,030
Income taxes paid	$	141,869	$	58,234

Supplemental non-cash investing and financing activities:
Consideration owed for acquisitions	$	52	$	376
Accrued capital expenditures and non-cash landlord incentives	$	5,808	$	660
Accrued transaction costs from equity offering	$	470	$	—

See accompanying notes.

COSTAR GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)

1.ORGANIZATION

CoStar Group, Inc. (the “Company”) provides information, analytics, online marketplace and auction services to the commercial real estate and related business community through its comprehensive, proprietary database of commercial real estate information and related tools. The Company provides online marketplaces for commercial real estate, apartment rentals, residential real estate, land for sale and businesses for sale, and its services are typically distributed to its clients under subscription-based agreements that renew automatically, a majority of which have a term of at least one year. The Company operates within two operating segments, North America, which includes the United States ("U.S.") and Canada, and International, which primarily includes Europe, Asia-Pacific and Latin America.

On May 24, 2021, the Company acquired Homes Group, LLC ("Homes.com"), a residential real estate advertising and marketing services company primarily operating through its property listing and marketing portal, Homes.com. On October 1, 2021, the Company acquired Comreal Info, a French société par actions simplifiée ("BureauxLocaux"), the owner and operator of BureauxLocaux, a commercial real estate digital marketplace in France. On April 5, 2022, the Company acquired all of the issued share capital of BIH, a French société par actions simplifiée ("Business Immo"), the owner and operator of Business Immo, a leading commercial real estate news service provider in France.

See Note 5 for further discussion of these acquisitions.

2.SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Presentation

The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Accounting policies are consistent for each operating segment.

Interim Financial Statements

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information. In the opinion of the Company’s management, the financial statements reflect all adjustments, consisting only of a normal recurring nature, necessary to present fairly the Company’s financial position at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the results of its operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, its comprehensive income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, its changes in stockholders' equity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, and its cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021.

Certain notes and other information have been condensed or omitted from the interim financial statements presented in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Therefore, these financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.

Common Stock Split

At the Company's 2021 Annual Meeting of Stockholders in June 2021, upon the recommendation of the Company's Board of Directors, the Company's stockholders approved the adoption of the Company's Fourth Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, which increased the total number of shares of common stock that the Company is authorized to issue from 60 million to 1.2 billion. The Fourth Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation became effective on June 7, 2021. On June 7, 2021, the Board of Directors approved a ten-for-one stock split of the Company's outstanding shares of common stock to be effected in the form of a stock dividend. Each stockholder of record on June 17, 2021 received a dividend of nine additional shares of common stock for each then-held share, distributed after close of trading on June 25, 2021. The par value of the Company's common stock remained $0.01 per share. All applicable share and per-share amounts in the unaudited

COSTAR GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)

condensed consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes have been retroactively adjusted to reflect the impact of the stock split.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. On an ongoing basis, the Company evaluates its estimates and assumptions, including those related to revenue recognition, allowance for credit losses, the useful lives and recoverability of long-lived and intangible assets, goodwill, income taxes, accounting for business combinations, stock-based compensation and estimating the Company's incremental borrowing rate for its leases and contingencies, among others. The Company bases these estimates on historical and anticipated results, trends and various other assumptions that it believes are reasonable, including assumptions as to future events. These estimates form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities and recorded revenues and expenses. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

Revenue Recognition

The Company derives revenues primarily by (i) providing access to its proprietary database of commercial real estate information and (ii) providing online marketplaces for professional property management companies, property owners, real estate agents and brokers and landlords, in each case, typically through a fixed monthly fee for its subscription-based services. Other subscription based-services include (i) real estate and lease management solutions to commercial customers, real estate investors and lenders, (ii) access to applications to manage workflow and advertising and marketing services for residential real estate agents, (iii) benchmarking and analytics for the hospitality industry and (iv) market research, portfolio and debt analysis, management and reporting capabilities.

Subscription contract rates are generally based on the number of sites, number of users, organization size, the client’s business focus, geography, the number of properties reported on or analyzed, the number and types of services to which a client subscribes, the number of properties a client advertises and the prominence and placement of a client's advertised properties in the search results. The Company’s subscription-based license agreements typically renew automatically and a majority have a term of at least one year.

The Company also derives revenues from transaction-based services including: (i) an online auction platform for commercial real estate through Ten-X, LLC and its subsidiaries, (ii) providing online tenant applications, including background and credit checks, and rental payment processing and (iii) ancillary products and services that sold on an ad hoc basis.

The Company analyzes contracts to determine the appropriate revenue recognition using the following steps: (i) identification of contracts with customers, (ii) identification of distinct performance obligations in the contract, (iii) determination of contract transaction price, (iv) allocation of contract transaction price to the performance obligations, and (v) determination of revenue recognition based on timing of satisfaction of the performance obligations.

The Company recognizes revenues upon the satisfaction of its performance obligation(s) (upon transfer of control of promised services to its customers) in an amount that reflects the consideration to which it expects to be entitled to in exchange for those services. Revenues from subscription-based services are recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the agreement. Revenues from transaction-based services are recognized when the promised product or services are delivered, which, in the case of Ten-X auctions, is at the time of a successful closing of the sale of the property.

In limited circumstances, the Company's contracts with customers include promises to transfer multiple services, such as contracts for its subscription-based services and professional services. For these contracts, the Company accounts for individual performance obligations separately if they are distinct, which involves the determination of the standalone selling price for each distinct performance obligation.

Deferred revenue results from amounts billed in advance to customers or cash received from customers in advance of the Company's fulfillment of its performance obligation(s) and is recognized as those obligations are satisfied.

COSTAR GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)

Contract assets represent a conditional right to consideration for satisfied performance obligations that become a receivable when the conditions are satisfied. Contract assets are generated when contractual billing schedules differ from revenue recognition timing.

Certain sales commissions are considered incremental and recoverable costs of obtaining a contract with a customer. Sales commissions incurred for obtaining new contracts are deferred and then amortized as selling and marketing expenses on a straight-line basis over a period of benefit that the Company has determined to be three years. The three-year amortization period was determined based on several factors, including the nature of the technology and proprietary data underlying the services being purchased, customer contract renewal rates and industry competition. Certain commission costs are not capitalized as they do not represent incremental costs of obtaining a contract.

See Note 3 for further discussion of the Company's revenue recognition.

Cost of Revenues

Cost of revenues principally consists of salaries, benefits, bonuses, stock-based compensation expenses and other indirect costs for the Company's researchers who collect and analyze the real estate data that is the basis for the Company's information, analytics and online marketplaces and for employees that support these products. Additionally, cost of revenues includes the cost of data from third-party data sources and costs related to advertising purchased on behalf of customers, credit card and other transaction fees relating to processing customer transactions, which are expensed as incurred, and the amortization of acquired trade names, technology and certain other intangible assets.

Foreign Currency Translation

The Company’s reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. The functional currency for the majority of its operations is the local currency, with the exception of certain international locations for which the functional currency is the British pound. Assets and liabilities denominated in a foreign currency are translated into U.S. dollars using the exchange rates in effect as of the balance sheet date. Gains and losses resulting from translation are included in accumulated other comprehensive loss. Currency gains and losses on the translation of intercompany loans made to foreign subsidiaries that are of a long-term investment nature are also included in accumulated other comprehensive loss. Gains and losses resulting from transactions denominated in a currency other than the functional currency of the entity are included in other income, net in the condensed consolidated statements of operations using the average exchange rates in effect during the period. The Company recognized net foreign currency gains of $0.8 million and $0.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and net foreign currency gains of $2.2 million and $0.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, which are included in other income, net on the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

The components of accumulated other comprehensive loss were as follows (in thousands):


	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Foreign currency translation adjustment	$	(46,627)	$	(5,758)



Total accumulated other comprehensive loss	$	(46,627)	$	(5,758)

There were no amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive loss to the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021.

Advertising Costs

The Company expenses advertising costs as incurred. Advertising costs include digital marketing, television, radio, print and other media advertising. Advertising costs were approximately $91 million and $97 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and $238 million and $252 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

COSTAR GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)

Income Taxes

Deferred income taxes result from temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and the basis reported in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the financial statement and the tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted rates in effect during the year in which the Company expects differences to reverse. Valuation allowances are provided against assets, including net operating losses, if the Company determines it is more likely than not that some portion or all of an asset may not be realized. Interest and penalties related to income tax matters are recognized in income tax expense.

See Note 11 for additional information regarding income taxes.

Net Income Per Share

Net income per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period on a basic and diluted basis.

The following table sets forth the calculation of basic and diluted net income per share (in thousands, except per share data):


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
Numerator:	2022		2021		2022		2021

Net income	$	72,290	$	64,304	$	245,081	$	199,664
Denominator:
Denominator for basic net income per share — weighted-average outstanding shares	394,712		392,419		393,650		392,101
Effect of dilutive securities:
Stock options, restricted stock awards and restricted stock units	1,497		1,876		1,323		1,935
Denominator for diluted net income per share — weighted-average outstanding shares	396,209		394,295		394,973		394,036

Net income per share — basic	$	0.18	$	0.16	$	0.62	$	0.51
Net income per share — diluted	$	0.18	$	0.16	$	0.62	$	0.51

The Company’s potentially dilutive securities include outstanding stock options, unvested stock-based awards, which include restricted stock awards that vest over a specific service period, restricted stock awards with a performance and a market condition, restricted stock units, and awards of matching restricted stock units ("Matching RSUs") awarded under the Company's Management Stock Purchase Plan (the "MSPP"). Shares underlying unvested restricted stock awards that vest based on a performance and a market condition that have not been achieved as of the end of the period are not included in the computation of basic or diluted earnings per share. Diluted net income per share considers the impact of potentially dilutive securities except when the inclusion of the potentially dilutive securities would have an anti-dilutive effect.

The following table summarizes the shares underlying the unvested performance-based restricted stock and anti-dilutive securities excluded from the basic and diluted earnings per share calculations (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022	2021	2022	2021
Performance-based restricted stock awards	621	718	621	718
Anti-dilutive securities	748	192	1,144	433

COSTAR GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)

Stock-Based Compensation

Equity instruments issued in exchange for services performed by officers, employees, and directors of the Company are accounted for using a fair-value based method and the fair value of such equity instruments is recognized as expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

For stock-based awards that vest over a specific service period, compensation expense is measured based on the fair value of the awards at the grant date and is recognized on a straight-line basis over the service period of the awards, net of an estimated forfeiture rate. For equity instruments that vest based on achievement of both a performance and market condition, stock-based compensation expense is recognized over the service period of the awards based on the expected achievement of the related performance conditions at the end of each reporting period. If the Company's initial estimates of the achievement of the performance conditions change, the related stock-based compensation expense may fluctuate from period to period based on those estimates. If the performance conditions are not met, no stock-based compensation expense will be recognized, and any previously recognized stock-based compensation expense will be reversed. For awards with both a performance and a market condition, the Company estimates the fair value of each equity instrument granted on the date of grant using a Monte-Carlo simulation model. This pricing model uses multiple simulations to evaluate the probability of achieving the market condition to calculate the fair value of the awards.

Stock-based compensation expense for stock options, restricted stock awards and restricted stock units issued under equity incentive plans, stock purchases under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan, Deferred Stock Units and Matching RSUs awarded under the Company's MSPP included in the Company’s statements of operations were as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Cost of revenues	$	3,041	$	2,835	$	9,002	$	8,283
Selling and marketing (excluding customer base amortization)	1,957		1,620		5,605		4,644
Software development	3,158		3,316		9,262		9,289
General and administrative	9,982		8,528		30,228		24,772
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	18,138	$	16,299	$	54,097	$	46,988

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. The Company had no restricted cash as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

Allowance for Credit Losses

The Company maintains an allowance for credit losses to cover its current expected credit losses ("CECL") on its trade receivables and contract assets arising from the failure of customers to make contractual payments. The Company estimates credit losses expected over the life of its trade receivables and contract assets based on historical information combined with current conditions that may affect a customer’s ability to pay and reasonable and supportable forecasts. While the Company uses various credit quality metrics, it primarily monitors collectability by reviewing the duration of collection pursuits on its delinquent trade receivables and historical write-off trends. Based on the Company’s experience, the customer's delinquency status, which is analyzed periodically, is the strongest indicator of the credit quality of the underlying trade receivables. The Company’s policy is to write-off trade receivables when they are deemed uncollectible. A majority of the Company's trade receivables are less than 365 days outstanding.

Under the CECL impairment model, the Company develops and documents its allowance for credit losses on its trade receivables based on five portfolio segments. The determination of portfolio segments is based primarily on the qualitative consideration of the nature of the Company’s business operations and the characteristics of the underlying trade receivables, as follows:

COSTAR GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)

•CoStar Portfolio Segment - The CoStar portfolio segment consists of two classes of trade receivables based on geographical location: North America and International.

•Information Services Portfolio Segment - The Information Services portfolio segment consists of four classes of trade receivables: CoStar Real Estate Manager; Information Services, North America; STR, North America; and STR, International.

•Multifamily Portfolio Segment - The Multifamily portfolio segment consists of one class of trade receivables.

•LoopNet Portfolio Segment - The LoopNet portfolio segment consists of one class of trade receivables.

•Other Marketplaces Portfolio Segment - The Other Marketplaces portfolio segment consists of two classes of trade receivables: Ten-X and other marketplaces.

The majority of Residential revenue is e-commerce based and does not result in accounts receivable. Residential accounts receivable and the related allowance for credit losses are not material.

See Note 4 for further discussion of the Company’s accounting for allowance for credit losses.

Leases

The determination of whether an arrangement contains a lease and the classification of a lease, if applicable, is made at the commencement of the arrangement, at which time the Company also measures and recognizes a right-of-use ("ROU") asset, representing the Company’s right to use the underlying asset, and a lease liability, representing the Company’s obligation to make lease payments under the terms of the arrangement. For the purposes of recognizing ROU assets and lease liabilities associated with the Company’s leases, the Company has elected the practical expedient to not recognize a ROU asset or lease liability for short-term leases, which are leases with a term of twelve months or less. The lease term is defined as the noncancelable portion of the lease term, plus any periods covered by an option to extend the lease if it is reasonably certain that the option will be exercised.

In determining the amount of lease payments used in measuring ROU assets and lease liabilities, the Company has elected the practical expedient not to separate non-lease components from lease components for all classes of underlying assets. Consideration deemed part of the lease payments used to measure ROU assets and lease liabilities generally includes fixed payments and variable payments based on either an index or a rate, offset by lease incentives. Upon commencement, the initial ROU asset also includes any lease prepayments. ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. The rates implicit within the Company's leases are generally not determinable. Therefore, the Company's incremental borrowing rate is used to determine the present value of lease payments. The determination of the Company’s incremental borrowing rate requires judgment and is determined at lease commencement, or as of January 1, 2019 for operating leases in existence upon adoption of the new lease standard. The incremental borrowing rate is subsequently reassessed upon a modification to the lease arrangement.

Lease costs related to the Company's operating leases are generally recognized as a single ratable lease cost over the lease term.

See Note 7 for further discussion of the Company’s accounting for leases.

Long-Lived Assets, Intangible Assets and Goodwill

Long-lived assets, such as property and equipment, and purchased intangibles subject to amortization, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to the estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset or asset group. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated undiscounted future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized in the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset. In the fourth quarter of 2021, the Company began removing fully amortized intangible assets from the cost and accumulated amortization amounts disclosed.

COSTAR GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)

Goodwill is tested annually for impairment by each reporting unit on October 1 of each year or more frequently if an event or other circumstance indicates that the Company may not recover the carrying value of the asset. The Company may first assess qualitative factors to evaluate whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, or elect to bypass such assessment. If it is determined that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value, or the Company elects to bypass such assessment, the Company then determines the fair value of each reporting unit. The fair value of each reporting unit is compared to the carrying amount of the reporting unit. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds the fair value, then an impairment loss is recognized for the difference.

Debt Issuance Costs

Costs incurred in connection with the issuance of long-term debt are deferred and amortized as interest expense over the term of the related debt using the effective interest method for term debt and on a straight-line basis for revolving debt. The Company made a policy election to classify deferred issuance costs on the revolving credit facility as a long-term asset on its condensed consolidated balance sheets. Upon a refinancing or amendment, previously capitalized debt issuance costs are expensed and included in loss on extinguishment of debt if the Company determines that there has been a substantial modification of the related debt. If the Company determines that there has not been a substantial modification of the related debt, any previously capitalized debt issuance costs are amortized as interest expense over the term of the new debt instrument.

See Note 10 for additional information regarding the Company's accounting for its outstanding debt, revolving credit facility, and related issuance costs.

Business Combinations

The Company generally allocates the purchase consideration to the tangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed and intangible assets acquired, based on their estimated fair values. The purchase price is, generally, determined based on the fair value of the assets transferred, liabilities assumed and equity interests issued, after considering any transactions that are separate from the business combination. The excess of the fair value of purchase consideration over the fair values of these identifiable assets and liabilities is recorded as goodwill. The Company applies significant assumptions, estimates and judgments in determining the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed on the acquisition date, especially with respect to intangible assets and contingent liabilities. Significant estimates in valuing certain intangible assets include, but are not limited to, future expected cash flows from acquired customer bases, acquired technology and acquired trade names, useful lives, royalty rates and discount rates. Any adjustments to provisional amounts that are identified during the measurement period are recorded in the reporting period in which the adjustment amounts are determined. Upon the conclusion of the measurement period, any subsequent adjustments are recorded to earnings.

For a given acquisition, the Company may identify certain pre-acquisition contingencies as of the acquisition date and may extend its review and evaluation of these pre-acquisition contingencies throughout the measurement period in order to obtain sufficient information to assess whether the Company includes these contingencies as a part of the fair value estimates of assets acquired and liabilities assumed and, if so, to determine their estimated amounts.

If the Company cannot reasonably determine the fair value of a pre-acquisition contingency (non-income tax related) by the end of the measurement period, which is generally the case given the nature of such matters, the Company will recognize an asset or a liability for such pre-acquisition contingency if: (i) it is probable that an asset existed or a liability had been assumed at the acquisition date and (ii) the amount of the asset or liability can be reasonably estimated. Subsequent to the measurement period, changes in the Company's estimates of such contingencies will affect earnings and could have a material effect on its results of operations and financial position.

In addition, uncertain tax positions and tax related valuation allowances assumed in connection with a business combination are initially estimated as of the acquisition date. The Company reevaluates these items based upon facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date with any adjustments to its preliminary estimates being recorded to goodwill, provided that the Company is within the measurement period. Subsequent to the measurement period, changes to these uncertain tax positions and tax related valuation allowances will affect the Company's provision for income taxes in its condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income and could have a material impact on its results of operations and financial position.

COSTAR GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)

Further, contract assets and liabilities acquired or assumed in an acquisition are measured in accordance with the accounting framework for revenue from contracts with customers as if the Company had originated the acquired contract.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

On March 12, 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (“ASC 848”): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting. Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 848 contains optional expedients and exceptions for applying GAAP to debt, contracts, hedging relationships and other transactions affected by reference rate reform. The provisions of ASC 848 must be applied to all contracts that are accounted for under a Topic, Subtopic or Industry Subtopic for all transactions other than derivatives, which may be applied at a hedging relationship level. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after January 1, 2021, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company's 2020 Credit Agreement (as defined in Note 10) provides for a $750 million revolving credit facility and a letter of credit sublimit of $20 million, with interest rates benchmarked to LIBOR. As of September 30, 2022, no amounts were issued or drawn under this facility. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In March 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-02, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures. This ASU eliminates prior guidance on troubled debt restructurings ("TDRs") for creditors that have adopted ASU 2016-13, Measurement of Credit Losses in Financial Statements, and adds enhanced disclosures for creditors with respect to loan refinancings and restructurings for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. In addition, the ASU amends guidance on "vintage disclosures" to require the disclosure of current period gross write offs by year of origination. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. The Company expects there to be no material impact on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures from the adoption of this ASU.

COSTAR GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)

3.REVENUE FROM CONTRACTS WITH CUSTOMERS

Disaggregated Revenue

The Company provides information, analytics and online marketplaces to the commercial real estate industry, hospitality industry, residential industry and related professionals. Revenues by operating segment and type of service consist of the following (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2022						2021
	North America		International		Total		North America		International		Total

CoStar	$	203,657	$	9,033	$	212,690	$	174,071	$	9,194	$	183,265
Information Services	32,524		8,489		41,013		29,177		6,749		35,926

Multifamily	189,536		—		189,536		171,125		—		171,125
LoopNet	57,126		1,775		58,901		52,103		424		52,527
Residential	19,351		—		19,351		24,747		—		24,747
Other Marketplaces	35,430		—		35,430		31,729		—		31,729
Total revenues	$	537,624	$	19,297	$	556,921	$	482,952	$	16,367	$	499,319


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022						2021
	North America		International		Total		North America		International		Total

CoStar	$	590,141	$	27,764	$	617,905	$	505,470	$	26,958	$	532,428
Information Services	93,306		23,424		116,730		84,959		20,820		105,779

Multifamily	547,372		—		547,372		508,629		—