UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
| Quarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 | |||||
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2024
OR
| Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 | |||||
For the transition period from ________ to _________.
Commission file number 001-39916
___________________________________________________________
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) | ||||
| (Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip code) | ||||
(904 ) 644-7670
(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)
___________________________________________________________
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of each class | Trading symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered | ||||||
| | ||||||||
___________________________________________________________
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
| Large accelerated filer | o | x | |||||||||
| Non-accelerated filer | o | Smaller reporting company | |||||||||
| Emerging growth company | |||||||||||
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No x
As of July 25, 2024, there were 34,501,990 shares of the registrant’s Class A common stock, par value $0.01 per share, outstanding and 59,226,153 shares of the registrant’s Class B common stock, par value $0.01 per share, outstanding.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
2
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. DREAM FINDERS HOMES, INC. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DREAM FINDERS HOMES, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(Unaudited)
| June 30, 2024 | December 31, 2023 | ||||||||||
| Assets | |||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Restricted cash | |||||||||||
| Accounts receivable | |||||||||||
| Inventories | |||||||||||
| Lot deposits | |||||||||||
| Other assets | |||||||||||
| Investments in unconsolidated entities | |||||||||||
| Property and equipment, net | |||||||||||
| Right-of-use assets | |||||||||||
| Goodwill | |||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Liabilities | |||||||||||
| Accounts payable | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Accrued expenses | |||||||||||
| Customer deposits | |||||||||||
| Construction lines of credit | |||||||||||
| Senior unsecured notes, net | |||||||||||
| Lease liabilities | |||||||||||
| Contingent consideration | |||||||||||
| Total liabilities | $ | $ | |||||||||
Commitments and contingencies (Note 5) | |||||||||||
| Mezzanine Equity | |||||||||||
| Redeemable preferred stock | |||||||||||
| Redeemable noncontrolling interest | |||||||||||
| Equity | |||||||||||
Class A common stock, $ | |||||||||||
Class B common stock, $ | |||||||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | |||||||||||
| Retained earnings | |||||||||||
Treasury stock, at cost, | ( | ||||||||||
Total Dream Finders Homes, Inc. stockholders’ equity | |||||||||||
| Noncontrolling interests | |||||||||||
| Total equity | |||||||||||
| Total liabilities, mezzanine equity and equity | $ | $ | |||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
3
DREAM FINDERS HOMES, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(Unaudited)
| Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Homebuilding | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Homebuilding cost of sales | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Selling, general and administrative expense | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income from unconsolidated entities | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
| Contingent consideration revaluation | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other income, net | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
Income before taxes | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Income tax expense | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net and comprehensive income | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net and comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net and comprehensive income attributable to Dream Finders Homes, Inc. | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Earnings per share | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Diluted | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted-average number of shares | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Diluted | |||||||||||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
4
DREAM FINDERS HOMES, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY
Three and six months ended June 30, 2024
(In thousands, except share amounts) (Unaudited)
| Dream Finders Homes, Inc. Stockholders' Equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common Stock - Class A | Common Stock - Class B | Additional Paid-in Capital | Retained Earnings | Treasury Stock | Total Non-Controlling Interests | Total Equity | Redeemable Preferred Stock | Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares Outstanding | Amount | Shares Outstanding | Amount | Shares | Amount | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of March 31, 2024 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vesting of stock-based compensation | — | — | ( | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Withholding of common stock for taxes | ( | — | — | — | ( | — | — | — | ( | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Repurchases of common stock | ( | — | — | — | — | — | ( | — | ( | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Distributions | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ( | ( | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Preferred stock dividends declared | — | — | — | — | — | ( | — | — | ( | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Noncontrolling interest issued in business combination | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net and comprehensive income | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of June 30, 2024 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dream Finders Homes, Inc. Stockholders' Equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common Stock - Class A | Common Stock - Class B | Additional Paid-in Capital | Retained Earnings | Treasury Stock | Total Non-Controlling Interests | Total Equity | Redeemable Preferred Stock | Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Shares Outstanding | Amount | Shares Outstanding | Amount | Shares | Amount | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of December 31, 2023 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vesting of stock-based compensation | — | — | ( | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Withholding of common stock for taxes | ( | ( | — | — | ( | — | — | — | ( | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Class B common stock exchanged for Class A common stock | ( | ( | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Repurchases of common stock | ( | — | — | — | — | — | ( | — | ( | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Distributions | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ( | ( | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Preferred stock dividends declared | — | — | — | — | — | ( | — | — | ( | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Noncontrolling interest issued in business combination | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net and comprehensive income | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of June 30, 2024 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
5
DREAM FINDERS HOMES, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY (Continued)
Three and six months ended June 30, 2023
(In thousands, except share amounts) (Unaudited)
| Dream Finders Homes, Inc. Stockholders' Equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common Stock - Class A | Common Stock - Class B | Additional Paid-in Capital | Retained Earnings | Total Non-Controlling Interests | Total Equity | Redeemable Preferred Stock | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Shares Outstanding | Amount | Shares Outstanding | Amount | Shares | Amount | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of March 31, 2023 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vesting of stock-based compensation | — | — | ( | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Withholding of common stock for taxes | ( | — | — | — | ( | — | — | ( | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Distributions | — | — | — | — | — | — | ( | ( | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Preferred stock dividends declared | — | — | — | — | — | ( | — | ( | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net and comprehensive income | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of June 30, 2023 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dream Finders Homes, Inc. Stockholders' Equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common Stock - Class A | Common Stock - Class B | Additional Paid-in Capital | Retained Earnings | Total Non-Controlling Interests | Total Equity | Redeemable Preferred Stock | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Shares Outstanding | Amount | Shares Outstanding | Amount | Shares | Amount | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of December 31, 2022 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vesting of stock-based compensation | — | — | ( | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Withholding of common stock for taxes | ( | — | — | — | ( | — | — | ( | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Distributions | — | — | — | — | — | — | ( | ( | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Preferred stock dividends declared | — | — | — | — | — | ( | — | ( | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net and comprehensive income | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of June 30, 2023 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
6
DREAM FINDERS HOMES, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)
| Six Months Ended June 30, | |||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||
| Cash flows from operating activities | |||||||||||
| Net and comprehensive income | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash (used in)/provided by operating activities | |||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | |||||||||||
| Gain on sale of property and equipment | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Amortization of lease right-of-use assets | |||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | |||||||||||
| Deferred tax expense/(benefit) | ( | ||||||||||
| Return on investments, net of income from unconsolidated entities | ( | ||||||||||
| Contingent consideration revaluation | |||||||||||
| Payments of contingent consideration | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of effects of acquisition | |||||||||||
| Accounts receivable | ( | ||||||||||
| Inventories | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Lot deposits | ( | ||||||||||
| Other assets | ( | ||||||||||
| Accounts payable and accrued expenses | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Customer deposits | ( | ||||||||||
| Lease liabilities | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Net cash (used in)/provided by operating activities | ( | ||||||||||
| Cash flows from investing activities | |||||||||||
| Purchase of property and equipment | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Proceeds from disposal of property and equipment | |||||||||||
| Investments in unconsolidated entities | ( | ||||||||||
| Payments for business combination | ( | ||||||||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Cash flows from financing activities | |||||||||||
| Proceeds from construction lines of credit | |||||||||||
| Repayments on construction lines of credit | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Payments of debt issuance costs | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Payments of preferred stock dividends | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Payments for common stock withheld for taxes | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Repurchases of common stock | ( | ||||||||||
| Distributions to noncontrolling interests | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Payments of contingent consideration | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Net cash provided by/(used in) financing activities | ( | ||||||||||
| Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | ( | ( | |||||||||
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period | |||||||||||
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | |||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Restricted cash | |||||||||||
| Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | $ | $ | |||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements
7
DREAM FINDERS HOMES, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Continued)
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)
| Six Months Ended June 30, | |||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||
| Supplemental disclosures of cash payments: | |||||||||||
| Cash paid for income taxes, net of refunds | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Supplemental disclosures of noncash activities: | |||||||||||
| Noncash investing activities | |||||||||||
| Noncontrolling interest issued in business combination | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Accrued cash consideration for business combination | |||||||||||
| Total noncash investing activities | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Noncash financing activities | |||||||||||
| Dividends accrued on preferred stock | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Total noncash financing activities | $ | $ | |||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
8
DREAM FINDERS HOMES, INC.
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
1. Nature of Business and Significant Accounting Policies
Nature of Business
Basis of Presentation and Consolidation
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.
Reclassifications
Certain reclassifications have been made in the condensed consolidated financial statements for 2023 to conform to the classifications used in 2024.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In March 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) issued its final rules aimed at standardizing climate-related disclosures. These rules require the disclosure of material climate-related risks, strategies to mitigate or adapt to these risks, governance practices overseeing such risks and the disclosure of substantial greenhouse gas emissions stemming from operations owned and controlled and/or indirectly influenced through purchased energy consumed in operations. Furthermore, the final rules require disclosures within financial statement notes concerning the impacts of severe weather events and other natural circumstances, contingent upon specified thresholds of materiality. Subsequent to the issuance of the final rules, on March 15, 2024, a federal appellate court imposed a temporary stay pending judicial review of these regulations, followed by a voluntary stay by the SEC on April 4, 2024, pending the conclusion of this review process. Assuming adoption, the initial annual disclosure requirements for accelerated filers are partially set to commence for the year ending December 31, 2026, with specific aspects of the regulations subject to subsequent compliance deadlines. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of these final rules on the condensed consolidated financial statements.
9
In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) Number 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures” (“ASU 2023-09”). ASU 2023-09 requires more disaggregated income tax disclosures, including additional information in the rate reconciliation and additional disclosures about income taxes paid. ASU 2023-09 will become effective for us for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2025. Early adoption is permitted, and guidance should be applied prospectively, with an option to apply guidance retrospectively. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of ASU 2023-09 and does not expect it to have a material effect on the condensed consolidated financial statements.
In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU Number 2023-07, “Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures” (“ASU 2023-07”). ASU 2023-07 requires disclosure of significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker(s) that are included within each reported measure of segment profit or loss. The guidance also expands disclosure requirements for interim periods, as well as requires disclosure of other segment items, including the title and position of the entity’s chief operations decision maker(s). ASU 2023-07 will become effective for us for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2024, and for interim periods starting in our first quarter of 2025. Early adoption is permitted, and guidance is required to be applied retrospectively. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of ASU 2023-07 on the condensed consolidated financial statements.
2. Business Combinations
Crescent Business Combination
On February 1, 2024, the Company acquired certain assets and assumed certain liabilities, comprising the majority of the homebuilding business of Crescent Ventures, LLC (“Crescent Homes” or “Crescent”) through wholly-owned DFH subsidiaries, Dream Finders Holdings, LLC, and DFH Crescent, LLC (“DFH Crescent”). This acquisition allowed the Company to expand into the markets of Charleston and Greenville, South Carolina, and Nashville, Tennessee. The cash consideration for the Crescent acquisition was $210.4 million. Payments through June 30, 2024 were made with cash on hand and proceeds from borrowings under the Company’s revolving credit facility. Additionally, as part of the consideration, the former owner of Crescent Homes received a noncontrolling ownership in DFH Crescent and contractual rights to a portion of its future earnings upon exceeding a minimum earnings threshold.
The purchase agreement includes certain put and call options available to the former owner and the Company upon the occurrence of certain events that are not solely in the control of the Company. As a result, the noncontrolling interest is redeemable and reported within mezzanine equity on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet at the greater of the initial carrying amount adjusted for the noncontrolling interest’s share of net income (loss) or its redemption value. After achieving the minimum earnings threshold, the amount of net and comprehensive income that is attributable to the redeemable noncontrolling interest will be presented within net and comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.
The acquisition was accounted for as a business combination under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 805. In determining the purchase price allocation, we evaluated Crescent Homes’ assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values as of February 1, 2024. Goodwill was recorded as the residual amount by which the purchase price plus the fair value of the noncontrolling interest exceeded the provisional fair value of the net assets acquired and is expected to be fully deductible for tax purposes. Goodwill consists primarily of expected synergies of combining operations, the acquired workforce, and growth opportunities, none of which qualify as separately identifiable intangible assets. The fair value of the redeemable noncontrolling interest, inclusive of the put and call options described above, was determined using an income-based approach, coupled with Monte Carlo simulations which were impacted by various inputs including projected future cash flows, discount rates and market volatility.
The consideration for the total purchase price is as follows (in thousands):
| Cash consideration | $ | |||||||
Fair value of the redeemable noncontrolling interest as of the acquisition date | ||||||||
| Total consideration | $ | |||||||
10
The purchase price allocation as of June 30, 2024 is as follows (in thousands):
| As Originally Reported | Measurement Period Adjustments(1) | Acquired Value | ||||||||||||||||||
| Inventories | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||
| Other assets | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Property and equipment | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Accounts payable | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||
| Customer deposits | ( | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||
| Accrued expenses | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||
| Net assets acquired | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||
| Goodwill | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total purchase price | $ | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||
(1)The above measurement period adjustments were recorded during the three and six months ended June 30, 2024. These adjustments were related to and reflect the most current provisional valuation of the post-closing balances of the acquired net assets. The measurement period adjustments did not have a material effect on our results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The Company expects to finalize the purchase price allocation no later than one year from the acquisition date.
The following unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated results of operations are provided for illustrative purposes only and have been presented as if the Crescent Homes acquisition had occurred on January 1, 2023 (in thousands):
| Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | |||||||||||||||||||
Unaudited Pro Forma(1) | 2023 | 2024 | 2023 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total revenue | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||
| Net and comprehensive income attributable to Dream Finders Homes, Inc. | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||
(1)This unaudited pro forma information should not be relied upon as being indicative of the historical results that would have been obtained if the acquisition had occurred on that date, nor of the results that may be obtained in the future.
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, Crescent Homes contributed $79.4 million and $127.7 million in homebuilding revenues, respectively, and $4.4 million and $6.7 million in net and comprehensive income, respectively, all of which is attributable to the Company. Crescent Homes operations are included in the Mid-Atlantic segment from the date of acquisition. Refer to Note 8, Segment Reporting for information.
Contingent Consideration from Previous Business Combinations
In connection with applicable business combinations, the Company records the fair value of contingent consideration as a liability as of the acquisition date as prescribed by the underlying agreement. The initial measurement of contingent consideration is based on projected cash flows such as revenues, gross margin, overhead expenses and pre-tax income of the acquired business and is discounted to present value using the discounted cash flow method. The remaining estimated contingent consideration payments are subsequently remeasured to fair value as of each reporting date based on the estimated future earnings of the acquired entities and the re-assessment of risk-adjusted discount rates that reflect current market conditions.
Maximum potential exposure for contingent consideration is not estimable based on the contractual terms of the contingent consideration agreements, which allow for a percentage payout based on a potentially unlimited range of pre-tax income amounts.
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As of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company remeasured the fair value of contingent consideration related to the 2020 acquisition of H&H Constructors of Fayetteville, LLC and adjusted the liability to $5.7 million and $11.7 million, respectively, based on actual results achieved, revised pre-tax income forecasts and revised discount rates as of the balance sheet date and from accretion of the liability. The Company recorded contingent consideration adjustments resulting in $0.1 million of expense and $1.0 million of expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively, and $1.7 million of expense and $3.2 million of expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively. As of June 30, 2024, there were 3 months remaining under the contingent consideration agreement.
As of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company remeasured the fair value of contingent consideration related to the 2021 acquisition of McGuyer Homebuilders, Inc. (“MHI”) and adjusted the liability to $61.8 million and $105.1 million, respectively, based on actual results achieved, revised pre-tax income forecasts and revised discount rates as of the balance sheet date and from accretion of the liability. The Company recorded contingent consideration adjustments resulting in $4.5 million of expense and $6.8 million of expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and $16.6 million of expense and $20.0 million of expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively. As of June 30, 2024, there were 15 months remaining under the contingent consideration agreement.
See Note 9, Fair Value Disclosures for the fair value measurement of contingent consideration.
3. Debt
Senior Unsecured Notes
On August 22, 2023, the Company issued $300.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 8.25 % senior unsecured notes due August 15, 2028 (the “2028 Notes”), which were issued pursuant to an indenture (the “Indenture”). Interest on the 2028 Notes is payable in arrears semiannually on each February 15 and August 15. The 2028 Notes are fully and unconditionally guaranteed on a joint and several senior unsecured basis by certain of the Company’s subsidiaries.
The Company received net proceeds from the issuance and sale of the 2028 Notes of $293.5 million after unamortized debt issuance costs of $6.5 million, which reduced the carrying value of the 2028 Notes reported on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The net proceeds from the 2028 Notes were used to repay a portion of the then outstanding balance under the Company’s revolving credit facility. See Note 9, Fair Value Disclosures for more information.
The 2028 Notes are redeemable by the Company prior to August 15, 2025 through the payment of the principal amount due, which can be accomplished through the issuance of certain restricted equity offerings for specified portions of principal notes outstanding, plus specified rates and accrued and unpaid interest, and a make-whole premium in the event 100.0 % of the principal amount is redeemed. On or after August 15, 2025, the 2028 Notes are redeemable at specified rates equal to 104.1 % of the principal balance, plus accrued and unpaid interest, and periodically decrease to 100.0 % on August 15, 2027. Upon the occurrence of a Change of Control (as defined in the Indenture), the holders of the 2028 Notes will have the right to require the Company to repurchase all or a portion of the 2028 Notes at a price equal to 101.0 % of the aggregate principal amount of the 2028 Notes, plus any accrued and unpaid interest. As of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, unamortized debt issuance costs were $5.4 million and $6.1 million, respectively.
The Indenture includes customary events of default. Subject to specified exceptions, the Indenture contains certain restrictive covenants that, among other things, limit our ability to incur or guarantee certain indebtedness, issue certain equity interests or engage in certain capital stock transactions. In addition, the Indenture contains certain limitations related to mergers, consolidations, and transfers of assets.
Credit Agreement
On June 6, 2024, the Company entered into an amendment to its existing revolving credit facility (as amended, the “Credit Agreement”). The amendment, among other things, (i) provides for an increase in the aggregate commitments under the revolving credit facility to $1.4 billion, subject to a borrowing base; (ii) extends the maturity date from July 17, 2026 to June 4, 2027 for certain new and existing lenders comprising $1.3 billion of the $1.4 billion of aggregate commitments under the Credit Agreement; and (iii) provides the Company with the ability to incur certain additional unsecured debt. Certain of our subsidiaries guaranteed the Company’s obligations under the Credit Agreement. The amendments also updated the Company’s minimum tangible net worth covenant, which resulted in an increase to the base component of such covenant from $607.0 million to $739.0 million. The Credit Agreement includes an accordion feature that allows the aggregate commitments to increase to up to $2.0 billion, subject to a borrowing base.
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Under the Credit Agreement, the Company has the ability to draw “Term SOFR Rate Loans” or “Daily Simple SOFR Rate Loans”. Term SOFR Rate Loans bear interest based on Term SOFR rates for one or three-month interest periods and include a SOFR adjustment of 10 basis points for each interest period. Daily Simple SOFR Rate Loans bear interest based on Daily Simple SOFR rates and include a SOFR adjustment of 10 basis points. Interest under Term SOFR Rate Loans and Daily Simple SOFR Rate Loans also include an “applicable rate margin” determined based on the Company’s net debt to capitalization ratio, equivalent to credit spreads of 2.00 % to 2.95 %.
As of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the outstanding balance under the Credit Agreement was $890.0 million and $530.0 million, respectively. Under the Credit Agreement, the funds available are unsecured and availability under the borrowing base is calculated based on specific advance rates for finished lots, construction in process homes, and finished homes inventory on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, and reduced for any outstanding unsecured indebtedness permitted under the Credit Agreement, including the 2028 Notes. The Company had capitalized debt issuance costs related to construction lines of credit, net of amortization, of $12.4 million and $7.0 million as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, which were included in other assets on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
4. Inventories
Inventories consist of construction in process (“CIP”) and finished homes, including capitalized interest costs incurred under our debt obligations discussed in Note 3, owned land and lots and pre-acquisition land costs. CIP represents homes under construction or completed, including sold, speculative (“spec”) and model homes. CIP includes the cost of finished lots and all direct costs incurred to build homes. The cost of homes is expensed on a specific identification basis when the home is delivered to the customer. Finished lots are generally purchased just-in-time for construction, whether for spec or sold homes, and are included within owned land and lots until construction begins when the finished lot cost is transferred to CIP. Costs related to finished lots or land under development held by third-party land bank partners incurred prior to the Company’s purchase of the land, including lot option fees, property taxes and due diligence costs are capitalized into pre-acquisition land costs.
Inventories consisted of the following as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands):
| As of June 30, | As of December 31, | ||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||
| Construction in process and finished homes | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Owned land and lots | |||||||||||
| Pre-acquisition land costs | |||||||||||
| Inventories | $ | $ | |||||||||
Capitalized interest activity related to our construction lines of credit and senior unsecured notes, net is summarized in the table below for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands):
| Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Capitalized interest as of beginning of the period | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Interest incurred | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest charged to homebuilding cost of sales | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
| Capitalized interest as of end of the period | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
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The Company reviews the performance and outlook of its inventories for indicators of potential impairment on a quarterly basis at the community level. In addition to considering market and economic conditions, the Company assesses current sales absorption levels and recent profitability. The Company looks for instances where sales prices for a home in backlog or potential sales prices for a future sold home would be at a level at which the carrying value of the home may not be recoverable. There were no no impairment charges and $0.6 million in inventory impairment charges recorded for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023. The Company reviews lot deposits for impairment on a quarterly basis and will record an impairment charge if it believes it will forfeit its deposit on an individual or portfolio of lots. The Company recorded $0.1 million and $0.2 million of lot deposit impairments for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively, and $0.7 million and $1.6 million of lot deposit impairments for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively.
5. Commitments and Contingencies
Legal Proceedings
We are party to legal matters from time to time that typically are derived from the Company’s general business practices, primarily related to the construction of homes. The Company believes that if a claim has merit, parties other than the Company would be, at least in part, liable for the claim, and the eventual outcome of the claim would not have a material adverse effect upon our condensed consolidated financial statements. When we believe that a loss is probable and estimable, we record the estimated contingency loss in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.
6. Variable Interest Entities
The Company holds investments in certain limited partnerships and similar entities that conduct land acquisition, land development and/or other homebuilding activities in various markets where our homebuilding operations are located, which are considered variable interests. The Company’s investments create a variable interest in a variable interest entity (“VIE”), depending on the contractual terms of the arrangement. Additionally, in the ordinary course of business, the Company enters into option contracts with third-party land bank entities and certain unconsolidated entities for the ability to acquire rights to finished lots for the construction of homes.
Under the aforementioned lot option contracts, the Company typically makes a specified earnest money deposit in consideration for the right to purchase finished lots in the future, usually at a predetermined price. The Company concluded that it is not the primary beneficiary of the land bank entities with which it enters into lot option contracts and therefore the Company does not consolidate any of these entities. The Company’s risk of loss related to finished lot option and land bank option deposits and related fees was $352.2 million and $328.0 million as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
For certain other entities that the Company does not consolidate, the Company’s maximum exposure to loss is limited to its investment in the entities because the Company is not obligated to provide them with any additional capital and does not guarantee any of their debt or other liabilities.
The table below displays the carrying amounts of the Company’s investments in unconsolidated VIEs, other than the lot option contracts discussed above, as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands):
| As of June 30, | As of December 31, | |||||||||||||
| Unconsolidated | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||||
Jet HomeLoans(1) | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Other unconsolidated VIEs | ||||||||||||||
| Total investment in unconsolidated VIEs | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
(1)Subsequent to June 30, 2024, the Company acquired the remaining interest in Jet HomeLoans LP (“Jet HomeLoans”). Refer to Note 13, Subsequent Events for additional information.
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7. Income Taxes
8. Segment Reporting
The Company primarily operates in the homebuilding business and is organized and reported primarily by region. Our four reportable segments include the Southeast, Mid-Atlantic, Midwest and Financial Services. Our four reportable segments are comprised of the following:
•Southeast (Jacksonville, Orlando and Tampa, Florida and operations in the southeast coast of Florida; Savannah, Georgia; Hilton Head and Bluffton, South Carolina; Active Adult, and Custom Homes operations in northeast Florida)
•Mid-Atlantic (DC Metro; Nashville, Tennessee; Charlotte, Fayetteville, Raleigh and Wilmington, North Carolina; Charleston, Myrtle Beach, and Greenville, South Carolina)
•Midwest (Austin, Dallas, Houston and San Antonio, Texas; Denver, Colorado, and Phoenix, Arizona)
•Financial Services (primarily Jet HomeLoans and Golden Dog Title and Trust)
The corporate component, which is not considered an operating segment, is reported separately as “Corporate”.
The following tables summarize revenues and income before taxes by segment for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, as well as total assets and goodwill by segment as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands):
| Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues: | 2024 | 2023 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Southeast | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mid-Atlantic | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Midwest | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Financial Services | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total segment revenues | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reconciling items from equity method investments | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated revenues | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income before taxes: | 2024 | 2023 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Southeast | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mid-Atlantic | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Midwest | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Financial Services | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total segment income before taxes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reconciling items from equity method investments | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated income before taxes | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Assets: | Goodwill: | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| As of June 30, | As of December 31, | As of June 30, | As of December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Southeast | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
Mid-Atlantic(1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Midwest | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Financial Services | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Corporate(2) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total segments | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reconciling items from equity method investments | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
(1)As of June 30, 2024, includes $128.1 million in goodwill related to the Crescent Homes acquisition.
(2)Corporate assets are comprised of, but are not limited to, operating and restricted cash, deferred tax assets, and prepaids and other assets not directly attributable to a reportable segment.
9. Fair Value Disclosures
Fair value represents the amount that would be received for selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair values are determined using a fair value hierarchy based on the inputs used to measure fair value. Level 1 inputs are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities. Level 2 inputs are inputs other than quoted market prices that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. Level 3 inputs are unobservable and significant to the fair value.
The following table presents a summary of the change in fair value measurement of contingent consideration, which is based on Level 3 inputs and is the only asset or liability measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in thousands):
| Beginning balance, December 31, 2023 | $ | ||||
| Fair value adjustments related to prior year acquisitions | |||||
| Contingent consideration payments | ( | ||||
| Ending balance, June 30, 2024 | $ | ||||
Fair value measurements may also be utilized on a nonrecurring basis, such as for the accounting for business combinations or the impairment of long-lived assets and inventory. The fair value of financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and customer deposits, approximate their carrying amounts due to the short-term nature of these instruments. The fair value of the construction lines of credit approximates their carrying amounts since they are subject to short-term floating interest rates that reflect current market rates. The senior unsecured notes are Level 2 financial instruments. The estimated fair value of the 2028 Notes as of June 30, 2024 is $306.8 million based on recent trades or quoted market prices for debt of similar terms, including maturity, to achieve comparable yields.
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10. Related Party Transactions
The Company generally enters into related party transactions to secure finished lots for the construction of new homes.
DF Capital Management, LLC Funds
DF Capital Management, LLC (“DF Capital”) organizes real estate investment funds to acquire land and develop and sell finished lots. DF Capital is the investment manager of the funds. The Company owns a 49.0 % membership interest in DF Capital and periodically enters into land bank arrangements with DF Capital. DF Capital and its funds are controlled by unaffiliated parties and the Company is not the primary beneficiary of DF Capital and its funds. The Company holds limited partnership interests in certain of the funds as well as indirect ownership through membership interests in the general partners of the respective funds. From time to time, executive officers and directors may invest as limited partners in the funds as well. Amounts due to and from the funds are based on the timing and amount of capital calls as well as distributions of capital and earnings, all of which, as applicable, are made on a periodic basis over several years consistent with the typical lifecycle of any land bank financing project.
DF Residential II, LP (DF Capital’s “Fund II”) has an exclusive right of first offer on any land bank financing projects that meet its investment criteria and are undertaken by the Company during Fund II’s investment period. The Company, our executive officers and certain directors have investments in Fund II. As of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had $40.1 million and $48.5 million, respectively, in outstanding lot deposits related to Fund II, controlling 3,386 lots and 4,028 lots, respectively.
On July 30, 2024, DF Capital initiated its first close on DF Residential III, LP (“Fund III”), which included $54.0 million in investments from the Company’s executive officers and a director. The Company’s investment in Fund III will be determined as part of the final closing.
Jet HomeLoans
Jet HomeLoans performs mortgage origination activities for the Company, including underwriting and originating home mortgages for Company customers and non-Company customers. On September 30, 2023, the Company’s ownership in Jet HomeLoans increased from 49.9 % to 60.0 %. The change in ownership was effectuated through a distribution to the existing partners in exchange for the additional 10.1 % ownership. The Company remained a non-primary beneficiary of its investment in Jet HomeLoans, accounted for under the equity method. Jet HomeLoans is included within the Financial Services segment (see Note 8, Segment Reporting). On July 1, 2024, Company acquired the remaining interest in Jet HomeLoans. Refer to Note 13, Subsequent Events for information regarding the acquisition of Jet HomeLoans.
11. Equity
Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest
On February 1, 2024, as part of the consideration for the Crescent Homes acquisition, the former owner of Crescent Homes received all of the series B units of DFH Crescent, representing a redeemable noncontrolling interest with contractual rights to a portion of DFH Crescent’s future earnings upon exceeding a minimum earnings threshold (see Note 2, Business Combinations). With the exception of certain acceleration clauses, the holder of the DFH Crescent series B units and the Company are entitled to a series of put and call options beginning on February 1, 2032. The DFH Crescent series B units have no liquidation preference, are not entitled to any dividends and have no voting rights.
Series B Preferred Units
On August 31, 2023, the Company redeemed the 7,143 previously outstanding Series B preferred units. The Company made an aggregate cash payment to the Series B holders of $11.1 million, which included $7.1 million in principal plus cumulative undistributed earnings, less a negotiated discount on that date. Following the redemption, no Series B preferred units remain outstanding.
Share Buyback Program
In June 2023, the Company’s Board of Directors (the “Board”) approved a share buyback program under which the Company can repurchase up to $25.0 million of its Class A common stock through June 30, 2026 in open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions, or otherwise in compliance with Rule 10b-18 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
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The actual timing, number and value of shares repurchased under the share buyback program will depend on a number of factors, including constraints specified in any Rule 10b5-1 trading plans, price, general business and market conditions, and alternative investment opportunities. The share buyback program does not obligate the Company to acquire any specific number of shares in any period and may be expanded, extended, modified or discontinued at any time.
The Company accounts for share repurchases of Class A common stock as treasury stock. Treasury stock is recorded as a reduction of stockholders’ equity based on the amount paid to repurchase shares, including associated costs. Treasury stock is not considered outstanding.
During the three months ended June 30, 2024, under the share buyback program, the Company repurchased 71,833 shares of Class A common stock for an aggregate purchase price of $1.8 million. As of June 30, 2024, approximately $23.2 million in shares remain available for purchase under the share buyback program. There were no shares repurchases during the year ended December 31, 2023.
12. Earnings Per Share
The following weighted-average shares and share equivalents were used to calculate basic and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands, except share amounts):
| Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Numerator | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net and comprehensive income attributable to Dream Finders Homes, Inc. | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Less: Preferred dividends | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Net and comprehensive income available to common stockholders(1) | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Denominator | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding - basic | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Add: Common stock equivalent shares(2) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted-average number of shares outstanding - diluted | |||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)For the diluted earnings per share calculation, $3.4 million and $6.8 million in preferred dividends associated with redeemable preferred stock that are assumed to be converted have been added back to the numerator for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively, and $3.4 million and $6.8 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively.
(2)Since the conversion price of the Company’s redeemable preferred stock is based on an average of the closing price of Class A common stock for the 90 trading days immediately preceding the end of the current period, changes in the price of the Class A common stock may significantly affect the number of additional assumed common shares outstanding under the if-converted method for diluted EPS, while the number of redeemable preferred stock shares outstanding is unchanged. Stock-based compensation awards are excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS in the event they are antidilutive. There were 0.8 million and 0.4 million common stock equivalent shares excluded from the diluted earnings per share calculation for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, there were no common stock equivalent shares and 1.2 million of common stock equivalent shares excluded from the diluted earnings per share calculation, respectively.
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13. Subsequent Events
Jet HomeLoans Acquisition
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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the accompanying financial statements and related notes thereto. Unless the context otherwise requires, “Dream Finders,” ”DFH,” the “Company,” “we,” “our” and “us” refer collectively to Dream Finders Homes, Inc. and its subsidiaries.
Business Overview and Outlook
We design, build and sell homes in high-growth markets using our asset-light lot acquisition strategy. Our primary focus is on constructing and selling single-family homes across entry-level, first-time move-up, second-time move-up, and active adult markets. To fully serve our homebuyers and capture ancillary business opportunities, we have financial services operations that offer title insurance and mortgage banking solutions.
We acknowledge the persistent inflationary conditions; there have been no interest rate cuts in 2024 thus far, and the timing of a substantial decrease in mortgage interest rates is uncertain. Our asset-light strategy allows us to remain nimble in this environment, as we can strategically renegotiate lot option takedowns to match our sales pace.
The results delivered in the first half of 2024 continued to meet our expectations, reflecting the successful execution of our operating plan to date and we remain optimistic about the second half of the year. We are focused on driving volume and achieving consistent growth. Through increased investments in inventories and construction starts, we believe we are well positioned to achieve our goals for the year. Our positive outlook is bolstered by the ongoing shift towards spec sales compared to pre-order sales. This trend reflects positively on the current housing demand dynamics, which remain favorable for new homebuilders due to limited supplies of both new and resale homes. We anticipate that this environment will continue to support faster inventory turnover and reinforce our shift towards spec sales in the foreseeable future.
Our current strategy for selling homes remains the same: delivering affordable, quick move-in homes and providing flexible sales incentives aimed at reducing monthly mortgage payments and closing costs for homebuyers. This strategy continues to prove successful in generating sales and improving our backlog conversion rate. With the acquisition of our preferred mortgage lender, Jet HomeLoans, discussed below, we are excited about the ability to directly manage our mortgage initiatives. We are committed to ongoing improvements in inventory turnover and effective cost management. Furthermore, our close monitoring of net new orders and community-level traffic enables us to promptly adapt to changes in local market conditions as necessary.
Our focused efforts in remaining asset-light, delivering affordable homes and expanding our footprint not only drove our strong performance this quarter, but also showcased our ability to navigate a challenging macroeconomic environment.
Key Results
Key financial results as of and for the three months ended June 30, 2024, as compared to as of and for the three months ended June 30, 2023 (unless otherwise noted) were as follows:
•Revenues increased 12% to $1,056 million from $945 million
•Home closings increased 10% to 2,031 from 1,846
•Average sales price (“ASP”) of homes closed increased to $514,833 from $504,683
•Net new orders increased 3% to 1,712 from 1,655
•Gross margin as a percentage of homebuilding revenues remained consistent at 19.0% compared to 19.1%
•Adjusted gross margin (non-GAAP) as a percentage of homebuilding revenues remained consistent at 27.0% compared to 27.1%
•Income before taxes increased 11% to $106 million from $96 million
•Net and comprehensive income attributable to DFH increased 18% to $81 million from $69 million
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•Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) increased to $0.83 and diluted EPS increased to $0.81, compared to $0.70 and $0.65, respectively
•EBITDA (non-GAAP) as a percentage of total revenues increased 70 basis points to 14.2% from 13.5%
•Active community count of 222 compared to 220
•Backlog of sold homes decreased 20% to 4,205 from 5,288, and the value of backlog decreased 15% to $2.1 billion from $2.5 billion
•Return on participating equity was 33.5% for the trailing twelve months ended June 30, 2024, compared to 42.2% for the trailing twelve months ended June 30, 2023
•Net debt to net capitalization of 42.7% as of June 30, 2024, compared to 38.8% as of June 30, 2023
•Total liquidity, comprised of cash and cash equivalents, and availability under the revolving credit facility, of $475 million as of June 30, 2024, compared to $828 million as of December 31, 2023
For reconciliations of the non-GAAP financial measures, including adjusted gross margin and EBITDA, to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures, see “—Non-GAAP Financial Measures”.
Key financial results as of and for the six months ended June 30, 2024, as compared to as of and for the six months ended June 30, 2023 (unless otherwise noted), were as follows:
•Revenues increased 10% to $1,884 million from $1,715 million
•Homes closed increased 10% to 3,686 from 3,363
•Net new orders increased 11% to 3,436 from 3,103
•Average sales price of homes closed increased 2% to $505,926 from $498,309
•Gross margin as a percentage of homebuilding revenues increased 30 basis points to 18.4% from 18.1%
•Adjusted gross margin (non-GAAP) as a percentage of homebuilding revenues increased 90 basis points to 26.7% from 25.8%
•Net and comprehensive income attributable to DFH increased 15% to $135 million from $118 million
•Basic earnings per share increased to $1.38 and diluted earnings per share increased to $1.35 compared to $1.19 and $1.09, respectively
•EBITDA (non-GAAP) as a percentage of total revenues increased 70 basis points to 13.5% from 12.8%
For reconciliations of the non-GAAP financial measures, including adjusted gross margin and EBITDA, to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures, see “—Non-GAAP Financial Measures”.
Recent Developments
Expansion in the Midwest Segment
In the second quarter of 2024, we expanded organically into Phoenix, Arizona. As of June 30, 2024, we controlled 282 lots in Phoenix, Arizona.
Jet HomeLoans Acquisition
On July 1, 2024, the Company acquired the remaining 40% interest in Jet HomeLoans from unaffiliated third parties, resulting in Jet HomeLoans becoming a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company that will be consolidated in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements as of that date. Refer to Note 13, Subsequent Events to the condensed consolidated financials statements for additional information.
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Results of Operations
Three Months Ended June 30, 2024 Compared to Three Months Ended June 30, 2023
The following table sets forth our results of operations and balance sheet data (in thousands, except per share and share amounts) for the periods indicated:
| Three Months Ended June 30, (unaudited) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | Amount Change | % Change | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Homebuilding | $ | 1,052,236 | $ | 942,880 | $ | 109,356 | 12 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Other | 3,511 | 2,459 | 1,052 | 43 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | 1,055,747 | 945,339 | 110,408 | 12 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Homebuilding cost of sales | 852,837 | 762,855 | 89,982 | 12 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Selling, general and administrative expense | 98,926 | 73,709 | 25,217 | 34 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Income from unconsolidated entities | (5,299) | (4,704) | (595) | 13 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Contingent consideration revaluation | 4,638 | 18,266 | (13,628) | (75 | %) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Other income, net | (1,363) | (635) | (728) | 115 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
Income before taxes | 106,008 | 95,848 | 10,160 | 11 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
Income tax expense | (23,245) | (24,206) | 961 | (4 | %) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Net and comprehensive income | 82,763 | 71,642 | 11,121 | 16 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Net and comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests | (1,820) | (2,878) | 1,058 | (37 | %) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Net and comprehensive income attributable to Dream Finders Homes, Inc. | $ | 80,943 | $ | 68,764 | $ | 12,179 | 18 | % | |||||||||||||||
Earnings per share(1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic | $ | 0.83 | $ | 0.70 | $ | 0.13 | 19 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Diluted | $ | 0.81 | $ | 0.65 | $ | 0.16 | 25 | % | |||||||||||||||
Weighted-average number of shares(1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic | 93,722,953 | 93,108,277 | 614,676 | 1 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Diluted | 100,125,681 | 105,439,519 | (5,313,838) | (5 | %) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets Data (as of period end): | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 274,797 | $ | 292,510 | $ | (17,713) | (6 | %) | |||||||||||||||
| Total assets | 2,985,204 | 2,288,227 | 696,977 | 30 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Total debt | 1,185,440 | 875,672 | 309,768 | 35 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Total equity | 1,051,581 | 763,000 | 288,581 | 38 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Other Financial and Operating Data: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Active communities as of period end(2) | 222 | 220 | 2 | 1 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Home closings | 2,031 | 1,846 | 185 | 10 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
Average sales price of homes closed(3) | $ | 514,833 | $ | 504,683 | $ | 10,150 | 2 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Net new orders | 1,712 | 1,655 | 57 | 3 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Cancellation rate | 13.2 | % | 15.6 | % | (2.4 | %) | (15 | %) | |||||||||||||||
| Backlog - units | 4,205 | 5,288 | (1,083) | (20 | %) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Backlog - value (in thousands) | $ | 2,123,618 | $ | 2,486,375 | $ | (362,757) | (15 | %) | |||||||||||||||
Return on participating equity(4) | 33.5 | % | 42.2 | % | (8.7 | %) | (21 | %) | |||||||||||||||
Net debt to net capitalization(5) | 42.7 | % | 38.8 | % | 3.9 | % | 10 | % | |||||||||||||||
Gross margin (in thousands)(6) | $ | 199,399 | $ | 180,025 | $ | 19,374 | 11 | % | |||||||||||||||
Gross margin %(7) | 19.0 | % | 19.1 | % | (0.1 | %) | (1 | %) | |||||||||||||||
Adjusted gross margin (in thousands)(8) | $ | 284,571 | $ | 255,912 | $ | 28,659 | 11 | % | |||||||||||||||
Adjusted gross margin %(7)(8) | 27.0 | % | 27.1 | % | (0.1 | %) | — | % | |||||||||||||||
EBITDA (in thousands)(8) | $ | 149,584 | $ | 127,819 | $ | 21,765 | 17 | % | |||||||||||||||
EBITDA margin %(8)(9) | 14.2 | % | 13.5 | % | 0.7 | % | 5 | % | |||||||||||||||
22
(1)Refer to Note 12, Earnings Per Share to the condensed consolidated financial statements for disclosures related to the calculation of EPS. Diluted shares were calculated by using the treasury stock method for stock grants and the if-converted method for the redeemable preferred stock and the associated preferred dividends.
(2)A community becomes active once the model is completed or the community has its fifth net sale. A community becomes inactive when it has fewer than five homesites remaining to sell.
(3)Average sales price of homes closed is calculated based on homebuilding revenues, adjusted for the impact of percentage of completion revenues, and excluding deposit forfeitures and land sales, over homes closed.
(4)Return on participating equity is calculated as net income attributable to DFH, less redeemable preferred stock distributions, divided by average beginning and ending total Dream Finders Homes, Inc. stockholders’ equity (“participating equity”) for the trailing twelve months.
(5)Net debt to net capitalization is defined as the sum of the senior unsecured notes, net and construction lines of credit, less cash and cash equivalents (“net debt”), divided by the sum of net debt, total mezzanine equity and total equity.
(6)Gross margin is homebuilding revenues less homebuilding cost of sales.
(7)Calculated as a percentage of homebuilding revenues.
(8)Adjusted gross margin and EBITDA are non-GAAP financial measures. For definitions of these non-GAAP financial measures and a reconciliation to our most directly comparable financial measures calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP, see “—Non-GAAP Financial Measures.”
(9)Calculated as a percentage of total revenues.
The following tables summarize home closings and ASP of homes closed by homebuilding segment for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, as well as active communities as of June 30, 2024 and 2023:
| Three Months Ended June 30, 2024 | As of June 30, 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Segment | Home Closings | ASP | Active Communities | |||||||||||||||||
| Southeast | 668 | $ | 508,511 | 46 | ||||||||||||||||
| Mid-Atlantic | 610 | 433,941 | 60 | |||||||||||||||||
| Midwest | 753 | 585,971 | 116 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total | 2,031 | $ | 514,833 | 222 | ||||||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended June 30, 2023 | As of June 30, 2023 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Segment | Home Closings | ASP | Active Communities | |||||||||||||||||
| Southeast | 799 | $ | 461,085 | 51 | ||||||||||||||||
| Mid-Atlantic | 386 | 384,865 | 58 | |||||||||||||||||
| Midwest | 661 | 627,353 | 111 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total | 1,846 | $ | 504,683 | 220 | ||||||||||||||||
The following tables present income before taxes (in thousands) and homebuilding gross margin percentage by segment for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023:
| Three Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment | Income Before Taxes | Gross Margin % | Income Before Taxes | Gross Margin % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Southeast | $ | 42,316 | 20.7 | % | $ | 45,029 | 17.2 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Mid-Atlantic | 25,432 | 18.2 | 10,289 | 16.3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Midwest | 46,028 | 18.1 | 40,781 | 20.7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 113,776 | 19.0 | % | $ | 96,099 | 19.1 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
23
Revenues. The increase in revenues was primarily attributable to 2,031 home closings for the three months ended June 30, 2024, an increase of 185 homes, or 10%, from 1,846 home closings for the three months ended June 30, 2023. Of the additional home closings, 162 homes with an ASP of $488,485 were contributed by the Crescent Homes acquisition. The consolidated ASP of homes closed increased 2% when comparing the three months ended June 30, 2024 to the three months ended June 30, 2023. Excluding Crescent Homes, 40% of our closings were in the Midwest segment with an ASP of $585,971, which is higher relative to our other homebuilding segments.
Homebuilding Cost of Sales and Gross Margin. The higher homebuilding cost of sales and homebuilding gross margin were primarily due to the increase in home closings for the three months ended June 30, 2024 as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2023. The consistent homebuilding gross margin as a percentage of homebuilding revenues when comparing the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 was primarily attributable to direct cost reductions and, to a lesser extent, improvements in cycle time, partially offset by higher land and financing costs. In addition, amortization of purchase accounting adjustments associated with home closings contributed from the Crescent Homes acquisition negatively impacted the second quarter of 2024 gross margin percentage by approximately 20 basis points (“bps”). Purchase accounting amortization is a temporary cost that will conclude in conjunction with closing the remaining homes in inventory acquired from Crescent.
Southeast. Our Southeast segment total revenues for the three months ended June 30, 2024 were $341 million, a decrease of $32 million, or 9%, from $373 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023. This decline in revenue was primarily driven by a decrease in home closings of 131, or 16%, which was partially offset by a 10% increase in the ASP of homes closed. The reduction in home closings in part stems from temporary delays in the timing of expected active communities opening for sales. Homebuilding gross margin percentage was 20.7% for the three months ended June 30, 2024, representing an increase of 350 bps, or 20%, when compared to the three months ended June 30, 2023. The increase in gross margin percentage was mostly related to direct cost reductions and, to a lesser extent, cycle time improvements, partially offset by higher land and financing costs.
Mid-Atlantic. Our Mid-Atlantic segment total revenues for the three months ended June 30, 2024 were $264 million, an increase of $110 million, or 71%, from $154 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023. This revenue growth was primarily driven by an increase in home closings of 224, or 58%, for the three months ended June 30, 2024 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2023. Crescent Homes contributed $79 million in revenue and 162 home closings with an ASP of $488,485 for the three months ended June 30, 2024.
Excluding Crescent, Mid-Atlantic total revenues increased by 20% when comparing the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, mostly due to more home closings and, to a lesser extent, a higher ASP of homes closed of $414,218, an increase of $29,353 when compared to the prior year quarter. Without Crescent, homebuilding gross margin percentage was 18.9% for the three months ended June 30, 2024, representing an increase of 260 bps, or 16%, when compared to the three months ended June 30, 2023. The improvement in this gross margin percentage was primarily a result of direct cost reductions and cycle time improvements, partially offset by higher land and financing costs. To a lesser degree, lower external commissions from a higher proportion of built-for-rent closings positively impacted the gross margin percentage for Mid-Atlantic.
Midwest. Our Midwest segment total revenues for the three months ended June 30, 2024 were $447 million, an increase of $31 million, or 8%, from $416 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023. The additional revenue was due to higher home closings of 92, or 14%, partially offset by a decrease of 7% in the ASP of homes closed from changes in the geographic mix of closings within the segment. Homebuilding gross margin percentage was 18.1% for the three months ended June 30, 2024, representing a decrease of 260 bps, or 13%, from 20.7% for the three months ended June 30, 2023. The reduction in gross margin percentage was due to an increase in land costs and, to a lesser extent, higher financing costs, partially offset by direct cost reductions.
Selling, General and Administrative Expense. The increases in selling, general and administrative expense (“SG&A”) and in SG&A as a percentage of homebuilding revenues were primarily attributable to higher compensation costs of $12 million and additional marketing spend of $6 million due to our growth from continued expansion, including the recent acquisition of Crescent Homes.
Income from Unconsolidated Entities. Income from unconsolidated entities for the three months ended June 30, 2024 was $5 million, remaining consistent compared to $5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023.
24
Contingent Consideration Revaluation. The decrease in contingent consideration expense in the second quarter of 2024 was primarily due to lower fair value adjustments of future expected earnout payments when compared to the second quarter of 2023, primarily related to the MHI acquisition.
Other (Income) Expense, Net. Other income, net for the three months ended June 30, 2024 was $1 million, remaining consistent compared to $1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023.
Net and Comprehensive Income. The increase in net and comprehensive income during the three months ended June 30, 2024 as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2023 was primarily attributable to an increase in gross margin on home closings of $19 million and a decrease in contingent consideration revaluation, partially offset by additional SG&A. The changes in net and comprehensive income attributable to Dream Finders Homes, Inc. were consistent with the changes in net and comprehensive income as there were no significant changes in income tax expense or noncontrolling interests for the period.
25
Six Months Ended June 30, 2024 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
The following table sets forth our results of operations for the periods indicated:
| Six Months Ended June 30, (unaudited) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | Change | % Change | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Homebuilding | $ | 1,877,457 | $ | 1,710,356 | $ | ||||||||||||||||||