10-Q 1 gti-20230930.htm 10-Q gti-20230930
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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
 
(Mark One)
☒QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2023
OR
☐TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from______ to ______
Commission file number: 1-13888
graftecimagea16.jpg
GRAFTECH INTERNATIONAL LTD.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware27-2496053
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer
Identification Number)
 
982 Keynote Circle44131
Brooklyn Heights,OH(Zip code)
(Address of principal executive offices)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (216) 676-2000
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each classTrading
Symbol(s)		Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, $0.01 par value per shareEAFNew York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ý    No   ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  ý    No   ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large Accelerated Filer☒Accelerated Filer☐Emerging Growth Company☐
Non-Accelerated Filer☐Smaller Reporting Company☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ☐    No  ☒
As of October 27, 2023, 256,807,900 shares of common stock were outstanding.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
 

Presentation of Financial, Market and Industry Data
We present our financial information on a consolidated basis. Unless otherwise noted, when we refer to dollars, we mean U.S. dollars.
Certain market and industry data included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2023 (the “Report”) has been obtained or derived from third-party sources that we believe to be reliable. Market estimates are calculated by using independent industry publications, government publications and third-party forecasts in conjunction with our assumptions about our markets. We cannot guarantee the accuracy or completeness of this market and market share data and have not independently verified it. None of the sources consented to the disclosure or use of data in this Report. While we are not aware of any misstatements regarding any market, industry or similar data presented herein, such data involves risks and uncertainties and is subject to change based on various factors, including those discussed under the headings “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” in this Report and “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 ("Annual Report on Form 10-K") filed on February 14, 2023.
Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
This Report may contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of the safe harbor provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements reflect our current views with respect to, among other things, financial projections, plans and objectives of management for future operations, and future economic performance. Examples of forward-looking statements include, among others, statements we make regarding future estimated volume, pricing and revenue, anticipated levels of capital expenditures, the suspension of our dividend, including the frequency and amount of any dividend we may pay, and guidance relating to earnings per share and adjusted EBITDA. You can identify these forward-looking statements by the use of forward-looking words such as “will,” “may,” “plan,” “estimate,” “project,” “believe,” “anticipate,” “expect,” “foresee,” “intend,” “should,” “would,” “could,” “target,” “goal,” “continue to,” “positioned to,” “are confident,” or the negative versions of those words or other comparable words. Any forward-looking statements contained in this Report are based upon our historical performance and on our current plans, estimates and expectations considering information currently available to us. The inclusion of this forward-looking information should not be regarded as a representation by us that the future plans, estimates, or expectations contemplated by us will be achieved. Our expectations and targets are not predictions of actual performance and historically our performance has deviated, often significantly, from our expectations and targets. These forward-looking statements are subject to various risks and uncertainties and assumptions
2
relating to our operations, financial results, financial condition, business, prospects, growth strategy and liquidity. Accordingly, there are or will be important factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those indicated in these statements. We believe that these factors include, but are not limited to:
•our dependence on the global steel industry generally and the electric arc furnace (“EAF”) steel industry in particular;
•the cyclical nature of our business and the selling prices of our products, which may decline in the future, may lead to periods of reduced profitability and net losses;
•the sensitivity of our business and operating results to economic conditions, including any recession, and the possibility others may not be able to fulfill their obligations to us in a timely fashion or at all;
•the possibility that we may be unable to implement our business strategies in an effective manner;
•the possibility that global graphite electrode overcapacity may adversely affect graphite electrode prices;
•the competitiveness of the graphite electrode industry;
•our dependence on the supply of raw materials, including decant oil and petroleum needle coke, and disruptions in supply chains for these materials;
•our reliance on one facility in Monterrey, Mexico for the manufacturing of connecting pins;
•the availability and cost of electric power and natural gas, particularly in Europe;
•our manufacturing operations are subject to hazards;
•the legal, compliance, economic, social and political risks associated with our substantial operations in multiple countries;
•the possibility that fluctuation of foreign currency exchange rates could materially harm our financial results;
•the possibility that our results of operations could deteriorate if our manufacturing operations were substantially disrupted for an extended period, including as a result of equipment failure, climate change, regulatory issues, natural disasters, public health crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, political crises or other catastrophic events;
•the risks and uncertainties associated with litigation, arbitration, and like disputes, including disputes related to contractual commitments;
•our dependence on third parties for certain construction, maintenance, engineering, transportation, warehousing and logistics services;
•the possibility that we are subject to information technology systems failures, cybersecurity attacks, network disruptions and breaches of data security;
•the possibility that we are unable to recruit or retain key management and plant operating personnel or successfully negotiate with the representatives of our employees, including labor unions;
•the sensitivity of goodwill on our balance sheet to changes in the market;
•our dependence on protecting our intellectual property and the possibility that third parties may claim that our products or processes infringe their intellectual property rights;
•the impact of inflation and our ability to mitigate the effect on our costs;
•the impact of macroeconomic and geopolitical events, including developments arising from the COVID-19 pandemic and the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows, and the disruptions and inefficiencies in our supply chain that may occur as a result of such events;
•the possibility that our indebtedness could limit our financial and operating activities or that our cash flows may not be sufficient to service our indebtedness;
•recent increases in benchmark interest rates and the fact that any future borrowings may subject us to interest rate risk;
•the possibility that disruptions in the capital and credit markets could adversely affect our results of operations, cash flows and financial condition, or those of our customers and suppliers;
3
•the possibility that restrictive covenants in our financing agreements could restrict or limit our operations;
•changes in, or more stringent enforcement of, health, safety and environmental regulations applicable to our manufacturing operations and facilities;
•the possibility that the market price of our common stock could be negatively affected by sales of substantial amounts of our common stock, including by Brookfield Corporation and its affiliates (together, “Brookfield”);
•the fact that our stockholders have the right to engage or invest in the same or similar businesses as us; and
•the possibility that the cash dividends on our common stock, which are currently suspended, will remain suspended and we may not pay cash dividends on our common stock in the future.
These factors should not be construed as exhaustive and should be read in conjunction with the Risk Factors and other cautionary statements that are included in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). The forward-looking statements made in this Report relate only to events as of the date on which the statements are made. Except as required by law, we do not undertake any obligation to publicly update or review any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise.
If one or more of these or other risks or uncertainties materialize, or if our underlying assumptions prove to be incorrect, our actual results may vary materially from what we may have expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. We caution that you should not place undue reliance on any of our forward-looking statements. You should specifically consider the factors identified in this Report that could cause actual results to differ before making an investment decision to purchase our common stock. Furthermore, new risks and uncertainties arise from time to time, and it is impossible for us to predict those events or how they may affect us.
4
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements

GRAFTECH INTERNATIONAL LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)
(Unaudited)
September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents$172,807 $134,641 
Accounts and notes receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of
$7,898 as of September 30, 2023 and $8,019 as of December 31, 2022
97,328 145,574 
Inventories378,970 447,741 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets64,253 87,272 
Total current assets713,358 815,228 
Property, plant and equipment894,262 869,168 
Less: accumulated depreciation383,018 350,022 
Net property, plant and equipment511,244 519,146 
Deferred income taxes23,315 11,960 
Goodwill171,117 171,117 
Other assets64,111 86,727 
Total assets$1,483,145 $1,604,178 
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable$54,935 $103,156 
Long-term debt, current maturities127 124 
Accrued income and other taxes8,441 40,592 
Other accrued liabilities100,605 89,349 
Related party payable - Tax Receivable Agreement5,137 4,631 
Total current liabilities169,245 237,852 
Long-term debt924,375 921,803 
Other long-term obligations51,309 50,822 
Deferred income taxes43,554 45,065 
Related party payable - Tax Receivable Agreement long-term5,784 10,921 
Commitments and contingencies - Note 7
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, par value $0.01, 300,000,000 shares authorized, none issued
— — 
Common stock, par value $0.01, 3,000,000,000 shares authorized, 256,807,900 and 256,597,342 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively
2,568 2,566 
Additional paid-in capital748,903 745,164 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss(17,612)(8,070)
Accumulated deficit(444,981)(401,945)
Total stockholders’ equity288,878 337,715 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity$1,483,145 $1,604,178 
See accompanying Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
5

GRAFTECH INTERNATIONAL LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)
(Unaudited)
Three Months
Ended September 30,		Nine Months
Ended September 30,
 2023202220232022
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
Net sales$158,992 $303,840 $483,355 $1,033,731 
Cost of goods sold157,603 170,171 427,464 562,881 
Gross profit1,389 133,669 55,891 470,850 
Research and development1,295 1,014 3,683 2,617 
Selling and administrative expenses18,231 18,578 58,933 57,862 
Operating (loss) income(18,137)114,077 (6,725)410,371 
Other expense (income), net153 (598)1,261 (1,358)
Interest expense15,719 6,424 42,432 25,035 
Interest income(1,144)(241)(1,758)(2,197)
(Loss) income before (benefit) provision for income taxes(32,865)108,492 (48,660)388,891 
(Benefit) provision for income taxes(10,244)15,041 (10,819)56,260 
Net (loss) income$(22,621)$93,451 $(37,841)$332,631 
Basic (loss) income per common share:
Net (loss) income per share$(0.09)$0.36 $(0.15)$1.28 
Weighted average common shares outstanding257,090,113 256,848,575 256,987,778 259,415,295 
Diluted (loss) income per common share:
Net (loss) income per share$(0.09)$0.36 $(0.15)$1.28 
Weighted average common shares outstanding257,090,113 256,853,454 256,987,778 259,424,885 
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME
Net (loss) income$(22,621)$93,451 $(37,841)$332,631 
Other comprehensive (loss) income:
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax of $0, $0, $0 and $2, respectively
(8,035)(13,311)(463)(24,911)
Commodities, interest rate and foreign currency derivatives, net of tax (expense) benefit of $1,218, $369, $3,123 and $(2,659), respectively
(2,906)(2,426)(9,079)5,980 
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax(10,941)(15,737)(9,542)(18,931)
Comprehensive (loss) income$(33,562)$77,714 $(47,383)$313,700 


See accompanying Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
6
GRAFTECH INTERNATIONAL LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Dollars in thousands)
(Unaudited)
Nine Months
Ended September 30,
 20232022
Cash flow from operating activities:
Net (loss) income$(37,841)$332,631 
Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to cash provided by operations:
Depreciation and amortization43,053 41,708 
Deferred income tax (benefit) provision(10,297)11,216 
Non-cash stock-based compensation expense3,809 1,666 
Non-cash interest expense10,249 (3,103)
Other adjustments(3,278)230 
Net change in working capital*64,833 (101,622)
Change in related party Tax Receivable Agreement(4,631)(3,828)
Change in long-term assets and liabilities1,372 (4,293)
Net cash provided by operating activities67,269 274,605 
Cash flow from investing activities:
Capital expenditures(48,287)(45,281)
Proceeds from the sale of fixed assets220 161 
Net cash used in investing activities(48,067)(45,120)
Cash flow from financing activities:
Interest rate swap settlements27,453 3,762 
Debt issuance and modification costs(8,133)(2,232)
Proceeds from the issuance of long-term debt, net of original issuance discount438,552 — 
Principal payments on long-term debt(433,708)(110,000)
Repurchase of common stock— (60,000)
Payments for taxes related to net share settlement of equity awards(129)(230)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options— 225 
Dividends paid to non-related party(3,854)(5,843)
Dividends paid to related party(1,280)(1,919)
Principal payments under finance lease obligations(20)— 
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities18,881 (176,237)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents38,083 53,248 
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents83 (1,368)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period134,641 57,514 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period$172,807 $109,394 
* Net change in working capital due to changes in the following components:
Accounts and notes receivable, net$48,007 $22,229 
Inventories69,258 (146,501)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets4,974 1,690 
Income taxes payable(31,356)(20,226)
Accounts payable and accruals(43,391)35,373 
Interest payable17,341 5,813 
Net change in working capital$64,833 $(101,622)
Net cash paid during the periods for:
Interest(1)
$1,470 $22,998 
Income taxes $36,471 $63,446 
Non-cash investing activities:
Capital expenditures in accounts payable$(19,098)$1,256 
(1) Includes cash received from the monthly settlements and the termination of our interest rate swaps in the first nine months of 2023.

See accompanying Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
7

GRAFTECH INTERNATIONAL LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)
(Unaudited)
Issued
Shares of
Common
Stock		Common
Stock		Additional
Paid-in
Capital		Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
(Loss) Income		Accumulated
Deficit		Total
Stockholders’
Equity
Balance as of December 31, 2022256,597,342 $2,566 $745,164 $(8,070)$(401,945)$337,715 
Net loss— — — — (7,369)(7,369)
Other comprehensive (loss) income:
Commodity, interest rate and foreign currency derivatives income, net of tax of $67
— — — (241)— (241)
Commodity, interest rate and foreign currency derivatives reclassification adjustments, net of tax of $886
— — — (2,336)— (2,336)
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax of $0
— — — 4,623 — 4,623 
   Total other comprehensive income— — — 2,046 — 2,046 
Stock-based compensation104,533 1 795 — — 796 
Payments for taxes related to net share settlement of equity awards(23,577)— (68)— (61)(129)
Dividends paid to related party ($0.01 per share)
— — — — (640)(640)
Dividends paid to non-related party ($0.01 per share)
— — — — (1,926)(1,926)
Balance as of March 31, 2023256,678,298 $2,567 $745,891 $(6,024)$(411,941)$330,493 
Net loss— — — — (7,851)(7,851)
Other comprehensive loss:
Commodity, interest rate and foreign currency derivatives loss, net of tax of $(146)
— — — 2,513 — 2,513 
Commodity, interest rate and foreign currency derivatives reclassification adjustments, net of tax of $1,098
— — — (6,109)— (6,109)
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax of $0
— — — 2,949 — 2,949 
   Total other comprehensive loss— — — (647)— (647)
Stock-based compensation117,170 1 1,384 — — 1,385 
Payments for taxes related to net share settlement of equity awards(48)— — — 
Dividends paid to related party stockholder ($0.01 per share)
— — — — (640)(640)
Dividends paid to non-related party stockholders ($0.01 per share)
— — — — (1,928)(1,928)
Balance as of June 30, 2023256,795,420 $2,568 $747,275 $(6,671)$(422,360)$320,812 
Net loss— — — — (22,621)(22,621)
Other comprehensive loss:
Commodity, interest rate and foreign currency derivatives income, net of tax of $80
— — — (611)— (611)
Commodity, interest rate and foreign currency derivatives reclassification adjustments, net of tax of $1,138
— — — (2,295)— (2,295)
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax of $0
— — — (8,035)— (8,035)
   Total other comprehensive loss— — — (10,941)— (10,941)
Stock-based compensation12,480 — 1,628 — — 1,628 
Balance as of September 30, 2023256,807,900 $2,568 $748,903 $(17,612)$(444,981)$288,878 
8

GRAFTECH INTERNATIONAL LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)
(Unaudited)
Issued
Shares of
Common
Stock		Common
Stock		Additional
Paid-in
Capital		Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
(Loss) Income		Accumulated
Deficit		Total
Stockholders’
Equity
Balance as of December 31, 2021263,255,708 $2,633 $761,412 $(7,444)$(733,199)$23,402 
Net income— — — — 124,183 124,183 
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Commodity, interest rate and foreign currency derivatives income, net of tax of $(4,181)
— — — 14,800 — 14,800 
Commodity, interest rate and foreign currency derivatives reclassification adjustments, net of tax of $519
— — — (1,837)— (1,837)
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax of $1
— — — 7,022 — 7,022 
   Total other comprehensive income— — — 19,985 — 19,985 
Repurchase of common stock (3,035,830)(31)(8,530)— (21,439)(30,000)
Stock-based compensation— — 465 — — 465 
Options exercised25,000 — 225 — — 225 
Payments for taxes related to net share settlement of equity awards(22,293)— (63)— (167)(230)
Dividends paid to related party ($0.01 per share)
— — — — (640)(640)
Dividends paid to non-related party ($0.01 per share)
— — — — (1,985)(1,985)
Balance as of March 31, 2022260,222,585 $2,602 $753,509 $12,541 $(633,247)$135,405 
Net income— — — — 114,997 114,997 
Other comprehensive income:
Commodity, interest rate and foreign currency derivatives income, net of tax of $347
— — — (2,498)— (2,498)
Commodity, interest rate and foreign currency derivatives reclassification adjustments, net of tax of $287
— — — (2,059)— (2,059)
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax of $1
— — — (18,622)— (18,622)
   Total other comprehensive income— — — (23,179)— (23,179)
Repurchase of common stock(3,626,591)(36)(10,191)— (19,773)(30,000)
Stock-based compensation1,348 — 573 — — 573 
Dividends paid to related party stockholder ($0.01 per share)
— — — — (639)(639)
Dividends paid to non-related party stockholders ($0.01 per share)
— — — — (1,932)(1,932)
Balance as of June 30, 2022256,597,342 $2,566 $743,891 $(10,638)$(540,594)$195,225 
Net income— — — — 93,451 93,451 
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Commodity, interest rate and foreign currency derivatives income, net of tax of $(794)
— — — 1,658 — 1,658 
Commodity, interest rate and foreign currency derivatives reclassification adjustments, net of tax of $1,163
— — — (4,084)— (4,084)
Foreign currency translation adjustments of $0
— — — (13,311)— (13,311)
   Total other comprehensive loss— — — (15,737)— (15,737)
Stock-based compensation— — 628 — — 628 
Dividends paid to related party stockholder ($0.01 per share)
— — — — (640)(640)
Dividends paid to non-related party stockholders ($0.01 per share)
— — — — (1,926)(1,926)
Balance as of September 30, 2022256,597,342 $2,566 $744,519 $(26,375)$(449,709)$271,001 


See accompanying Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
9
PART I (CONT'D)
GRAFTECH INTERNATIONAL LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)


(1)Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
A. Organization
GrafTech International Ltd. (the “Company” or “GrafTech”) is a leading manufacturer of high-quality graphite electrode products essential to the production of electric arc furnace (“EAF”) steel and other ferrous and non-ferrous metals. References herein to “GTI,” “we,” “our,” or “us” refer collectively to the Company and its subsidiaries. On August 15, 2015, GTI became an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Brookfield. In April 2018, the Company completed its initial public offering (“IPO”) of 38,097,525 shares of its common stock held by Brookfield at a price of $15.00 per share. The Company did not receive any proceeds related to the IPO. The Company’s common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “EAF.” Brookfield has since distributed a portion of its GrafTech common stock to the owners in the Brookfield consortium and sold shares of GrafTech common stock in public and private transactions, resulting in a reduction of Brookfield's ownership of outstanding shares of GrafTech common stock to 24.9% as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
The Company’s only reportable segment, Industrial Materials, is comprised of its two major product categories: graphite electrodes and petroleum needle coke products. Petroleum needle coke is our key raw material used in the production of graphite electrodes. The Company's vision is to provide highly engineered graphite electrode products, services and solutions to EAF operators.
B. Basis of Presentation
The interim condensed consolidated financial statements are unaudited; however, in the opinion of management, they have been prepared in accordance with Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X and in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). The December 31, 2022 Consolidated Balance Sheet data included herein was derived from the audited consolidated financial statements included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed on February 14, 2023, but does not include all disclosures required by GAAP in audited financial statements. These interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements, including the accompanying notes, contained in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments (all of which are of a normal, recurring nature) which management considers necessary for a fair presentation of our financial statements for the interim periods presented. The results for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results which may be expected for any other interim period or for the full year.
C. New Accounting Standards
Recently Adopted Accounting Standards
In September 2022, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2022-04, Liabilities - Supplier Finance Programs (Subtopic 405-50): Disclosure of Supplier Finance Program Obligations, which requires disclosures intended to enhance the transparency of supplier finance programs. The amendments in this ASU require buyers in a supplier finance program to disclose sufficient information about the program to allow a user of financial statements to understand the program’s nature, activity during the period, changes from period to period, and potential magnitude. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years, except for the disclosure of rollforward information, which is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023. Early adoption is permitted. The amendments should be applied retrospectively to each period in which a balance sheet is presented, except for disclosure of rollforward information, which should be applied prospectively. The Company adopted this guidance on January 1, 2023 and the adoption did not have a material impact on its financial position, results of operations, cash flows or disclosures.
10
PART I (CONT'D)
GRAFTECH INTERNATIONAL LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)

(2)Revenue from Contracts with Customers
Disaggregation of Revenue
The following table provides information about disaggregated revenue by type of product and contract, including our take or pay contracts with initial terms of three to five years (“LTA”) and short-term agreements and spot sales (“non-LTA”):
Three Months
Ended September 30,		Nine Months
Ended September 30,
2023202220232022
(Dollars in thousands)
Graphite Electrodes - LTAs$66,344 $212,087 $212,579 $683,858 
Graphite Electrodes - Non-LTAs88,629 79,710 246,726 296,954 
By-products and other4,019 12,043 24,050 52,919 
Total Revenues$158,992 $303,840 $483,355 $1,033,731 
Contract Balances
Substantially all of the Company’s receivables relate to contracts with customers. Accounts receivables are recorded when the right to consideration becomes unconditional. Payment terms on invoices range from 30 to 120 days depending on the customary business practices of the jurisdictions in which we do business.
Certain short-term and longer-term sales contracts require up-front payments prior to the Company’s fulfillment of any performance obligation. These contract liabilities are recorded as current or long-term deferred revenue, depending on the lag between the pre-payment and the expected delivery of the related products. Additionally, deferred revenue or contract assets originate from contracts where the allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations based on their relative stand-alone selling prices results in the timing of revenue recognition being different from the timing of the invoicing. In this case, deferred revenue is amortized into revenue based on the transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations and contract assets are realized through the contract invoicing.
Contract assets are included in “Prepaid expenses and other current assets,” on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. We did not have any contract asset balances as of September 30, 2023 or December 31, 2022.
Current deferred revenue is included in “Other accrued liabilities” on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The following table provides our contract liability balances as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:
September 30,
2023		December 31, 2022
(Dollars in thousands)
Current deferred revenue$25,122 $27,878 
The amount of revenue recognized in 2023 that was included in the December 31, 2022 current deferred revenue balance was $10.0 million. The decrease in the current deferred revenue balance since December 31, 2022 is due to revenue recognized in the current year, partially offset by customer prepayments. The current deferred revenue balance includes cashed
11
PART I (CONT'D)
GRAFTECH INTERNATIONAL LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)

bank guarantees related to outstanding arbitration proceedings the outcome of which will determine the timing of revenue recognition.
Transaction Price Allocated to the Remaining Performance Obligations
The following table presents estimated revenues expected to be recognized in the corresponding period below related to performance obligations that are unsatisfied (or partially unsatisfied) at the end of reporting period. The revenue associated with our LTAs is expected to be approximately as follows for the full years of 2023 and 2024:
20232024
(Dollars in millions)
Estimated LTA revenue
$245-$255
$100-$135(1)
(1) Includes expected termination fees from a few customers that have failed to meet certain obligations under their LTAs.
We recorded $212.6 million of LTA revenue in the nine months ended September 30, 2023, and we expect to record approximately $32.0 million to $42.0 million of LTA revenue for the remainder of 2023.
The majority of the LTAs are defined as pre-determined fixed annual volume contracts while a small portion are defined with a specified volume range. For the years 2023 and 2024, the contractual revenue amounts above are based upon the minimum volume for those contracts with specified ranges. The actual revenue realized from these contracted volumes may vary in timing and total due to contract non-performance, force majeure notices, arbitrations, credit risk associated with certain customers facing financial challenges and customer demand related to contracted volume ranges.
(3)Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
The goodwill balance was $171.1 million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
The following table summarizes intangible assets with determinable useful lives by major category, which are included in "Other assets" on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets:
 September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Gross
Carrying
Amount		Accumulated
Amortization		Net
Carrying
Amount		Gross
Carrying
Amount		Accumulated
Amortization		Net
Carrying
Amount
(Dollars in thousands)
Trade names$22,500 $(17,161)$5,339 $22,500 $(15,869)$6,631 
Technology and know-how55,300 (44,982)10,318 55,300 (42,371)12,929 
Customer-related intangibles64,500 (35,734)28,766 64,500 (32,513)31,987 
Total finite-lived intangible assets$142,300 $(97,877)$44,423 $142,300 $(90,753)$51,547 
Amortization expense for intangible assets was $2.2 million and $2.5 million in the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $7.1 million and $7.7 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Amortization expense is expected to be approximately $2.1 million for the remainder of 2023, $8.0 million in 2024, $7.3 million in 2025, $6.7 million in 2026, $6.1 million in 2027 and $5.5 million in 2028. Amortization expense is included in "Cost of goods sold" on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations.
12
PART I (CONT'D)
GRAFTECH INTERNATIONAL LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)

(4)Debt and Liquidity
The following table presents our long-term debt: 
September 30, 2023
December 31, 2022
 (Dollars in thousands)
2018 Term Loan Facility$— $433,708 
2020 Senior Secured Notes500,000 500,000 
2023 Senior Secured Notes450,000 — 
Other debt266 268 
Unamortized debt discount and issuance costs(25,764)(12,049)
Total debt924,502 921,927 
Less: Long-term debt, current portion(127)(124)
Long-term debt$924,375 $921,803 

The fair value of our debt was approximately $811.5 million and $843.2 million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The fair values were determined using Level 2 quoted market prices for the same or similar debt instruments.
2018 Term Loan and 2018 Revolving Credit Facility
In February 2018, the Company entered into a credit agreement (as amended, the “2018 Credit Agreement”), which provided for (i) a $2,250 million senior secured term facility (the “2018 Term Loan Facility”) after giving effect to the June 2018 amendment (the “First Amendment”) that increased the aggregate principal amount of the 2018 Term Loan Facility from $1,500 million to $2,250 million and (ii) a $330 million senior secured revolving credit facility after giving effect to the May 2022 amendment that increased the revolving commitments under the 2018 Credit Agreement by $80 million from $250 million (the “2018 Revolving Credit Facility”). GrafTech Finance Inc. (“GrafTech Finance”) was the sole borrower under the 2018 Term Loan Facility while GrafTech Finance, GrafTech Switzerland SA (“Swissco”) and GrafTech Luxembourg II S.à r.l. (“Luxembourg Holdco” and, together with GrafTech Finance and Swissco, the “Co-Borrowers”) are co-borrowers under the 2018 Revolving Credit Facility. The 2018 Revolving Credit Facility matures on May 31, 2027. The net proceeds from the 2023 Senior Secured Notes (as defined below) were used to repay outstanding borrowings under our 2018 Term Loan Facility. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the availability under our 2018 Revolving Credit Facility was $112.3 million and $327.0 million, respectively. As any borrowings under the 2018 Revolving Credit Facility remain subject to compliance with the financial covenant thereunder, our operating performance as of September 30, 2023 resulted in a reduction of the availability under the facility. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there were no borrowings outstanding on the 2018 Revolving Credit Facility and there was $3.2 million and $3.0 million of letters of credit drawn against the 2018 Revolving Credit Facility as of each date, respectively.
The 2018 Revolving Credit Facility bears interest, at our option, at a rate equal to either (i) the Adjusted Term SOFR Rate and Adjusted EURIBOR Rate (each, as defined in the 2018 Credit Agreement), plus an applicable margin initially equal to 3.00% per annum or (ii) the ABR Rate, plus an applicable margin initially equal to 2.00% per annum, in each case with two 25 basis point step downs based on achievement of certain senior secured first lien net leverage ratios. In addition, we are required to pay a quarterly commitment fee on the unused commitments under the 2018 Revolving Credit Facility in an amount equal to 0.25% per annum.
The 2018 Revolving Credit Facility is guaranteed by each of our domestic subsidiaries, subject to certain customary exceptions, and by GrafTech Luxembourg I S.à r.l., a Luxembourg société à responsabilité limitée and an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of GrafTech, Luxembourg HoldCo, and Swissco (collectively, the “Guarantors”) with respect to all obligations under the 2018 Revolving Credit Facility of each of our foreign subsidiaries that is a Controlled Foreign Corporation (within the meaning of Section 956 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended from time to time (the “Code”)).
Any obligations under the 2018 Revolving Credit Facility are secured, subject to certain exceptions, by: (i) a pledge of no more than 65% of the equity securities of each domestic Guarantor and of each other direct, wholly owned domestic subsidiary of GrafTech and any Guarantor, (ii) a pledge on no more than 65% of the equity interests of each subsidiary that is a Controlled Foreign Corporation (within the meaning of Section 956 of the Code), and (iii) security interests in, and mortgages
13
PART I (CONT'D)
GRAFTECH INTERNATIONAL LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)

on, personal property and material real property of each domestic Guarantor, subject to permitted liens and certain exceptions specified in the 2018 Revolving Credit Facility. The obligations of each foreign subsidiary of GrafTech that is a Controlled Foreign Corporation under the 2018 Revolving Credit Facility are secured by (i) a pledge of all of the equity securities of each Guarantor that is a Controlled Foreign Corporation and of each direct, wholly owned subsidiary of any Guarantor that is a Controlled Foreign Corporation, and (ii) security interests in certain receivables and personal property of each Guarantor that is a Controlled Foreign Corporation, subject to permitted liens and certain exceptions specified in the 2018 Revolving Credit Facility.
The 2018 Revolving Credit Facility contains customary representations and warranties and customary affirmative and negative covenants applicable to GrafTech and restricted subsidiaries, including, among other things, restrictions on indebtedness, liens, investments, fundamental changes, dispositions, and dividends and other distributions. The 2018 Revolving Credit Facility contains a financial covenant that requires GrafTech to maintain a senior secured first lien net leverage ratio not greater than 4.00 to 1.00 when the aggregate principal amount of borrowings under the 2018 Revolving Credit Facility and outstanding letters of credit issued under the 2018 Revolving Credit Facility (except for undrawn letters of credit in an aggregate amount equal to or less than $35.0 million), taken together, exceed 35% of the total amount of commitments under the 2018 Revolving Credit Facility. The 2018 Revolving Credit Facility also contains customary events of default. We were in compliance with all of our debt covenants as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
2020 Senior Secured Notes
In December 2020, GrafTech Finance issued $500 million aggregate principal amount of 4.625% senior secured notes due 2028 (the “2020 Senior Secured Notes”) in a private offering. The 2020 Senior Secured Notes and related guarantees are secured on a pari passu basis by the collateral securing the 2018 Revolving Credit Facility and the 2023 Senior Secured Notes. All of the net proceeds from the 2020 Senior Secured Notes were used to partially repay borrowings under our 2018 Term Loan Facility.
The 2020 Senior Secured Notes pay interest in arrears on June 15 and December 15 of each year, with the principal due in full on December 15, 2028. Prior to December 15, 2023, up to 40% of the 2020 Senior Secured Notes may be redeemed with the net cash proceeds of certain equity offerings at a price equal to 104.625% of the principal amount thereof, together with accrued and unpaid interest, if any. The 2020 Senior Secured Notes may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at any time prior to December 15, 2023 at a price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the notes redeemed plus a premium together with accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but not including, the redemption date. Thereafter, the 2020 Senior Secured Notes may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at various prices depending on the date redeemed.
The indenture governing the 2020 Senior Secured Notes (the “Indenture”) contains certain covenants that, among other things, limit the Company’s ability, and the ability of certain of its subsidiaries, to incur or guarantee additional indebtedness or issue preferred stock, pay distributions on, redeem or repurchase capital stock or redeem or repurchase subordinated debt, incur or suffer to exist liens securing indebtedness, make certain investments, engage in certain transactions with affiliates, consummate certain asset sales and effect a consolidation or merger, or sell, transfer, lease or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all assets. Pursuant to the Indenture, if our pro forma consolidated first lien net leverage ratio is no greater than 2.00 to 1.00, we can make restricted payments so long as no default or event of default has occurred and is continuing. If our pro forma consolidated first lien net leverage ratio is greater than 2.00 to 1.00, we can make restricted payments pursuant to certain baskets.
The Indenture contains events of default customary for agreements of its type (with customary grace periods, as applicable) and provides that, upon the occurrence of an event of default arising from certain events of bankruptcy or insolvency with respect to the Company or GrafTech Finance, all outstanding 2020 Senior Secured Notes will become due and payable immediately without further action or notice. If any other type of event of default occurs and is continuing, then the trustee or the holders of at least 30% in principal amount of the then outstanding 2020 Senior Secured Notes may declare all of the 2020 Senior Secured Notes to be due and payable immediately. We were in compliance with all of our debt covenants as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
2023 Senior Secured Notes
In June 2023, GrafTech Global Enterprises Inc. issued $450 million aggregate principal amount of 9.875% senior secured notes due 2028 (the “2023 Senior Secured Notes”), including $11.4 million of original issue discount. The 2023 Senior Secured Notes were issued at an issue price of 97.456% of the principal amount thereof in a private offering. The 2023 Senior Secured Notes and related guarantees are secured on a pari passu basis by the collateral securing the 2018 Revolving Credit Facility and the 2020 Senior Secured Notes. The net proceeds from the 2023 Senior Secured Notes were used to repay borrowings under our 2018 Term Loan Facility.
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PART I (CONT'D)
GRAFTECH INTERNATIONAL LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)

The 2023 Senior Secured Notes pay interest in arrears on June 15 and December 15 of each year, with the principal due in full on December 15, 2028. Prior to December 15, 2025, up to 40% of the 2023 Senior Secured Notes may be redeemed with the net cash proceeds of certain equity offerings at a price equal to 109.875% of the principal amount thereof, together with accrued and unpaid interest, if any. The 2023 Senior Secured Notes may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at any time prior to December 15, 2025 at a price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the notes redeemed plus a premium together with accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but not including, the redemption date. Thereafter, the 2023 Senior Secured Notes may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at various prices depending on the date redeemed.
The indenture governing the 2023 Senior Secured Notes (the “2023 Indenture”) contains certain covenants that, among other things, limit the Company’s ability, and the ability of certain of its subsidiaries, to incur or guarantee additional indebtedness or issue preferred stock, pay distributions on, redeem or repurchase capital stock or redeem or repurchase subordinated debt, incur or suffer to exist liens securing indebtedness, make certain investments, engage in certain transactions with affiliates, consummate certain asset sales and effect a consolidation or merger, or sell, transfer, lease or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all assets. Pursuant to the 2023 Indenture, if our pro forma consolidated first lien net leverage ratio is no greater than 2.00 to 1.00, we can make restricted payments so long as no default or event of default has occurred and is continuing. If our pro forma consolidated first lien net leverage ratio is greater than 2.00 to 1.00, we can make restricted payments pursuant to certain baskets.
The 2023 Indenture contains events of default customary for agreements of its type (with customary grace periods, as applicable) and provides that, upon the occurrence of an event of default arising from certain events of bankruptcy or insolvency with respect to the Company or GrafTech Global Enterprises Inc., all outstanding 2023 Senior Secured Notes will become due and payable immediately without further action or notice. If any other type of event of default occurs and is continuing, then the trustee or the holders of at least 30% in principal amount of the then outstanding 2023 Senior Secured Notes may declare all of the 2023 Senior Secured Notes to be due and payable immediately. We were in compliance with all of our debt covenants as of September 30, 2023.
(5)Inventories
Inventories are comprised of the following: 
September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
 (Dollars in thousands)
Inventories:
Raw materials and supplies$147,530 $216,761 
Work in process188,620 192,821 
Finished goods42,820 38,159 
         Total$378,970 $447,741 
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PART I (CONT'D)
GRAFTECH INTERNATIONAL LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)

(6)Interest Expense
The following table presents the components of interest expense: 
Three Months
Ended September 30,		Nine Months
Ended September 30,
2023202220232022
 (Dollars in thousands)
Interest incurred on debt$17,154 $10,458 $39,101 $32,743 
Accretion of original issue discount526 178 2,002 1,043 
Amortization of debt issuance costs740 642 3,883 2,818 
Amortization of interest rate swap deferred gains(2,701)— (2,746)— 
Realized gain on termination of de-designated interest rate swap— (4,605)(6,918)(4,605)
Unrealized (gain) loss on de-designated interest rate swap— (249)7,110 (6,964)
Total interest expense$15,719 $6,424 $42,432 $25,035 
In June 2023, the net proceeds from the issuance of the 2023 Senior Secured Notes were used to repay the $433.7 million of principal outstanding on the 2018 Term Loan Facility. The repayment of the 2018 Term Loan Facility was accounted for as a debt extinguishment and triggered $1.2 million of accelerated accretion of the original issue discount and $1.9 million of accelerated amortization of debt issuance costs. The 2023 Senior Secured Notes were accounted for as new debt and the related discount and debt issuance costs were deferred.
In connection with the repayment of the 2018 Term Loan Facility in June 2023, we terminated the outstanding interest rate swap contracts that were in place to fix the cash flows associated with the risk in variability in the one-month USD London Interbank Offered Rate (“USD LIBOR”) for the 2018 Term Loan Facility. As a result of the swaps termination, we recorded in interest expense realized gains of $6.9 million relative to our de-designated swap and we deferred realized gains of $13.5 million in accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) in connection with our designated swap. The gains deferred into AOCI for the designated swap will amortize into interest expense until August 2024, consistent with the term of the discontinued cash-flow hedging relationship.
The 2023 Senior Secured Notes and the 2020 Senior Secured Notes carry fixed interest rates of 9.875% and 4.625%, respectively. The 2018 Term Loan Facility, which was paid off in its entirety in June 2023, had an effective interest rate of 7.38% as of December 31, 2022.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, we made voluntary prepayments of $110.0 million under our 2018 Term Loan Facility. In connection with this, we recorded $0.5 million of accelerated accretion of the original issue discount and $0.8 million of accelerated amortization of the debt issuance cost. We did not make any voluntary prepayments under our 2018 Term Loan Facility in the third quarter of 2022.
See Note 4, “Debt and Liquidity” for details of our debt and Note 9, “Fair Value Measurements and Derivative Instruments” for additional details on our interest rate swaps and embedded derivative.

(7) Commitments and Contingencies
Legal Proceedings
We are involved in various investigations, lawsuits, claims, demands, labor disputes and other legal proceedings, including with respect to environmental and human exposure or other personal injury matters, arising out of or incidental to the conduct of our business. While it is not possible to determine the ultimate disposition of each of these matters and proceedings, we do not believe that their ultimate disposition will have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows. Additionally, we are involved in the following legal proceedings.
We are involved in certain arbitrations as respondents/counterclaimants, pending before the International Chamber of Commerce with a few customers who, among other things, have failed to perform under their LTAs and in certain instances are seeking to modify or frustrate their contractual commitments to us. In particular, Aperam South America LTDA, Aperam Sourcing S.C.A., ArcelorMittal Sourcing S.C.A., and ArcelorMittal Brasil S.A. (collectively, the “Claimants”) initiated a single
16
PART I (CONT'D)
GRAFTECH INTERNATIONAL LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)

arbitration proceeding against two of the Company’s subsidiaries in the International Chamber of Commerce in June 2020. The Claimants argue, among other things, that they should no longer be required to comply with the terms of the LTAs that they signed due to an alleged drop in market prices for graphite electrodes in January 2020. Alternatively, the Claimants argue that they should not be required to comply with the LTAs that they signed due to alleged market circumstances at the time of execution. In June 2021, the Claimants filed their statement of claim, seeking approximately $61.0 million plus interest in monetary relief and/or reimbursement in respect of several fixed price LTAs that were executed between such subsidiaries and the Claimants in 2017 and 2018. On December 16, 2022, the Claimants revised their calculation of alleged damages to approximately $178.9 million including interest, with damages covering the period from the first quarter of 2020 through the end of the third quarter of 2022 and interest covering the period from June 2020 through December 16, 2022. In March 2023, an International Chamber of Commerce hearing was held before the party-appointed sole arbitrator with the Claimants, the Company, and witnesses in attendance. On March 31, 2023, the Claimants further revised their calculation of alleged damages to approximately $171.7 million including interest, for the period covering the first quarter of 2020 through 2022. In June 2023, the Claimants again revised their calculation of alleged damages to approximately $188.2 million, including interest, for the period covering the first quarter of 2020 through the first quarter of 2023. We believe we have valid defenses to these claims. We intend to vigorously defend them and enforce our rights under the LTAs.
Pending litigation in Brazil has been brought by employees seeking to recover additional amounts and interest thereon under certain wage increase provisions applicable in 1989 and 1990 under collective bargaining agreements to which employers in the Bahia region of Brazil were a party (including our subsidiary in Brazil). Companies in Brazil have settled claims arising out of these provisions and, in May 2015, the litigation was remanded by the Brazilian Supreme Court in favor of the employees union. After denying an interim appeal by the Bahia region employers on June 26, 2019, the Brazilian Supreme Court finally ruled in favor of the employees union on September 26, 2019. The employers union has determined not to seek annulment of such decision. Separately, on October 1, 2015, a related action was filed by current and former employees against our subsidiary in Brazil to recover amounts under such provisions, plus interest thereon, which amounts together with interest could be material to us. If the Brazilian Supreme Court proceeding above had been determined in favor of the employers union, it would also have resolved this proceeding in our favor. In the first quarter of 2017, the state court initially ruled in favor of the employees. We appealed this state court ruling, and the appellate court issued a decision in our favor on May 19, 2020. The employees have further appealed and, on December 16, 2020, the court upheld the decision in favor of GrafTech Brazil. On February 22, 2021, the employees filed a further appeal and, on April 28, 2021, the court rejected the employees' appeal in favor of GrafTech Brazil. The employees filed a further appeal and on September 12, 2022, we filed our response in opposition. We intend to vigorously defend our position. As of September 30, 2023, we are unable to assess the potential loss associated with these proceedings as the claims do not currently specify the number of employees seeking damages or the amount of damages being sought.
Product Warranties
We generally sell products with a limited warranty. We accrue for known warranty claims if a loss is probable and can be reasonably estimated. We also accrue for estimated warranty claims incurred based on a historical claims charge analysis. Claims accrued but not yet paid and the related activity within the accrual for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, are presented below: 
(Dollars in thousands)
Balance as of December 31, 2022$820 
Product warranty charges/adjustments81 
Payments and settlements(497)
Balance as of September 30, 2023$404 
Related Party Tax Receivable Agreement
On April 23, 2018, the Company entered into the tax receivable agreement ("Tax Receivable Agreement") that provides Brookfield, as the sole pre-IPO stockholder, the right to receive future payments from us for 85% of the amount of cash savings, if any, in U.S. federal income tax and Swiss tax that we and our subsidiaries realize as a result of the utilization of the pre-IPO tax assets. In addition, we will pay interest on the payments we will make to Brookfield with respect to the amount of these cash savings from the due date (without extensions) of our tax return where we realize these savings to the payment date. On April 10, 2023, the Tax Receivable Agreement was amended and restated to change the applicable interest rate from LIBOR plus 1.00% per year to the one-month period secured overnight financing rate administered by the Federal Reserve
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PART I (CONT'D)
GRAFTECH INTERNATIONAL LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)

Bank of New York plus 1.10%. The term of the Tax Receivable Agreement commenced on April 23, 2018 and will continue until there is no potential for any future tax benefit payments.
As of September 30, 2023, the total Tax Receivable Agreement liability was $10.9 million, of which $5.1 million was classified as current liability "Related party payable - Tax Receivable Agreement" on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and $5.8 million was classified as a long-term liability in "Related party payable - Tax Receivable Agreement long-term" on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of December 31, 2022, the total Tax Receivable Agreement liability was $15.5 million, of which $4.6 million was classified as a current liability and $10.9 million was classified as a long-term liability.
Mexico Value-Added Tax (“VAT”)
In July 2019, the Mexican Tax Authority (“MTA”) opened an audit of the VAT filings of GrafTech Comercial de Mexico S. de R.L. de C.V. (“GrafTech Commercial Mexico”) for the period of January 1 to April 30, 2019. In September 2021, the MTA issued a tax assessment, claiming improper use of a certain VAT exemption rule for purchases from a foreign affiliate. GrafTech Commercial Mexico filed an administrative appeal against the tax assessment with the MTA’s appeals office. In November 2022, the MTA’s appeals office concluded its review and confirmed the tax assessment. GrafTech Commercial Mexico believes that the purchases from a foreign affiliate are exempt from VAT back-up withholding and in December 2022, GrafTech Commercial Mexico filed a Claim for Nullity with the Chamber Specialized in exclusive resolution of substance of the Federal Court of Administrative Justice. On February 17, 2023, the MTA filed the response to the nullity petition. On May 31, 2023, the court held a hearing to determine the scope of the issues to be decided in the proceedings. At the court’s request GrafTech Commercial Mexico submitted formal pleadings on August 1, 2023. As of September 30, 2023, the tax assessment for the four month period under audit amounted to approximately $26.5 million, including penalties, inflation and interest. Interest will continue to accrue up to five years from the date the corresponding VAT returns were filed and inflation will continue to accrue with the passage of time.
In March 2022, the MTA opened another audit of the VAT filings of GrafTech Commercial Mexico for the period January 1 to December 31, 2018. In the proposed assessment received in January 2023, the MTA is alleging the same improper use of certain VAT exemption rules on purchases from a foreign affiliate and has provided notice of its intent to assess approximately $51.0 million, including penalties, inflation and interest. In Mexico, each tax assessment requires a separate claim. In the first quarter of 2023, GrafTech Commercial Mexico requested a conclusive agreement with the Mexican ombudsman (“PRODECON”) to reach a settlement with the MTA. The MTA responded to GrafTech Commercial Mexico’s request on May 30, 2023. On August 2, 2023, GrafTech Commercial Mexico filed a motion exhibiting additional information and reaffirming its position. On September 22, 2023, the MTA responded to GrafTech Commercial Mexico’s motion. On October 2, 2023, GrafTech Commercial Mexico filed a motion before PRODECON requesting a formal meeting with the MTA. If the mediation process does not result in a satisfactory outcome, GrafTech Commercial Mexico intends to pursue administrative appeal procedures with the MTA to attempt to satisfactorily resolve this matter. The $51.0 million includes interest and inflation. Interest will continue to accrue up to five years from the date the corresponding VAT returns were filed and inflation will continue to accrue with the passage of time.
GrafTech Commercial Mexico believes that its application of the VAT exemption rules is appropriate and, accordingly, does not believe that it is probable that it will incur a loss related to this matter for either of the two periods under the MTA’s audit. GrafTech Commercial Mexico intends to vigorously defend its position in these proceedings.
(8) Income Taxes
We compute and apply to ordinary income an estimated annual effective tax rate on a quarterly basis based on current and forecasted business levels and activities, including the mix of domestic and foreign results and enacted tax laws. The estimated annual effective tax rate is updated quarterly based on actual results and updated operating forecasts. Ordinary income refers to income before the provision for income taxes excluding significant, unusual or infrequently occurring items. The tax effect of an unusual or infrequently occurring item is recorded in the interim period in which it occurs as a discrete item of tax.

18
PART I (CONT'D)
GRAFTECH INTERNATIONAL LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)

The following table summarizes the provision (benefit) for income taxes:
Three Months
Ended September 30,		Nine Months
Ended September 30,
2023202220232022
(Dollars in thousands)
(Benefit) provision for income taxes$(10,244)$15,041 $(10,819)$56,260 
Pre-tax (loss) income(32,865)108,492 (48,660)388,891 
Effective tax rate31.2 %13.9 %22.2 %14.5 %
The effective tax rate for the third quarter and first nine months of 2023 was higher than the U.S. statutory tax rate of 21% primarily due to worldwide earnings from various countries taxed at different rates and a tax benefit from the postponement of the U.S. foreign tax credit regulations effective date from 2022 to 2024. The effective tax rate for the third quarter and first nine months of 2022 was lower than the U.S. statutory tax rate of 21% primarily due to worldwide earnings from various countries taxed at different rates, which was partially offset by the net combined impact related to the U.S. taxation of global intangible low taxed income (“GILTI”) and Foreign Tax Credits (“FTCs”).
We file income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction, and various state and foreign jurisdictions. All U.S. federal tax years prior to 2019 are generally closed by statute or have been audited and settled with the applicable domestic tax authorities. Other jurisdictions are generally closed for years prior to 2018.
We continue to assess the realization of our deferred tax assets based on determinations of whether it is more likely than not that deferred tax benefits will be realized through the generation of future taxable income. Appropriate consideration is given to all available evidence, both positive and negative, in assessing the need for a valuation allowance. Examples of positive evidence would include a strong earnings history, an event or events that would increase our taxable income through a continued reduction of expenses, and tax planning strategies that would indicate an ability to realize deferred tax assets. In circumstances where the significant positive evidence does not outweigh the negative evidence in regards to whether or not a valuation allowance is required, we have established and maintained valuation allowances on those net deferred tax assets. There were no material changes to our valuation allowances in the third quarter of 2023.
(9) Fair Value Measurements and Derivative Instruments
In the normal course of business, we are exposed to certain risks related to fluctuations in currency exchange rates, commodity prices and interest rates. We use various derivative financial instruments, primarily foreign currency derivatives, commodity derivative contracts, and interest rate swaps as part of our overall strategy to manage risks from these market fluctuations.
Certain of our derivative contracts contain provisions that require us to provide collateral. Since the counterparties to these financial instruments are large commercial banks and similar financial institutions, we do not believe that we are exposed to material counterparty credit risk. We do not anticipate nonperformance by any of the counterparties to our instruments.
Foreign currency derivatives
We enter into foreign currency derivatives from time to time to attempt to manage exposure to changes in currency exchange rates. These foreign currency instruments, which include, but are not limited to, forward exchange contracts and purchased currency options, are used to hedge global currency exposures such as foreign currency denominated debt, receivables, payables, sales and purchases.
Foreign currency forward and swap contracts are used to mitigate the foreign exchange risk of balance sheet items. These derivatives are fair value hedges. Gains and losses from these derivatives are recorded in cost of goods sold and they are largely offset by the financial impact of translating foreign currency-denominated payables and receivables.
In the first quarter of 2022 and in the second and third quarters of 2023, we entered into foreign currency derivatives with maturities of one month to 12 months in order to protect against the risk that cash flows associated with certain sales and purchases denominated in a currency other than the U.S. dollar will be adversely affected by future changes in foreign exchange rates. These derivatives are designated as cash flow hedges. The resulting unrealized gains or losses from these derivatives are recorded in AOCI and subsequently, when realized, are reclassified to net sales or cost of goods sold in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations when the hedged exposures affect earnings.
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PART I (CONT'D)
GRAFTECH INTERNATIONAL LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)

Commodity derivative contracts
From time to time, we enter into commodity derivative contracts for refined oil products. These contracts are entered into to protect against the risk that eventual cash flows related to these products will be adversely affected by future changes in prices. The unrealized gains or losses related to commodity derivative contracts designated as cash flow hedges are recorded in AOCI and subsequently, when realized, are reclassified to the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations when the hedged item impacts earnings, which is when the finished product is sold. The last of our commodity derivative contracts matured as of June 30, 2022 and we have not entered into any new contracts as of September 30, 2023.
Interest rate swap contracts
We have utilized interest rate swaps in the past to limit exposure to market fluctuations on our variable-rate debt. For each derivative agreement that is designated as a cash-flow hedge, the unrealized gain or loss is recorded in AOCI and, when realized, is recorded to interest expense. Upon discontinuance of a designated cash-flow hedging relationship, when interest payments are still probable of occurring, the fair value at the date of discontinuance is deferred into AOCI and amortized into interest expense based upon the term of the cash-flow hedging relationship.
We entered into interest rate swap contracts that were "pay fixed, receive variable." Our risk management objective was to fix our cash flows associated with the risk of variability in the one-month USD LIBOR for a portion of our outstanding debt. It was expected that the swaps would fix the cash flows associated with the forecasted interest payments on our debt to an effective fixed interest rate of 4.2%, which could be lowered to 3.95% depending on credit ratings. Since their modification concurrent with the 2018 Term Loan Facility modification in the first quarter of 2021, the swaps contained an other-than-insignificant financing element. As such, they were considered hybrid instruments composed of a debt host and an embedded derivative and the associated cash (outflows)/inflows are classified as financing (use)/source of cash. The embedded derivative is treated as a cash-flow hedge.
In the first quarter of 2022, in connection with the partial repayment of principal on our 2018 Term Loan Facility and our probability assessment of the variable-rate debt remaining outstanding through the term of the swaps, we de-designated one interest rate swap contract with a $250.0 million notional amount, maturing in the third quarter of 2024. The fair value of the embedded derivative at the de-designation date was a gain of $6.6 million and was recorded in AOCI and is being amortized into interest expense over the remaining life of the swap.
In the third quarter of 2022, we redeemed $67.0 million of our $250.0 million notional amount de-designated interest rate swap. The change in fair value of the de-designated embedded derivative in the first nine months of 2023 resulted in a loss of $7.1 million, compared to a gain of $7.0 million in the first nine months of 2022, recorded in interest expense in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
In the second quarter of 2023, in connection with the repayment of the $433.7 million outstanding balance on our 2018 Term Loan Facility, we terminated our $183.0 million notional de-designated interest rate swap and our $250.0 million notional designated interest rate swap and received net cash of $20.4 million. The net cash received included a $23.1 million gain on the embedded derivatives, partially offset by a $2.8 million loss on the settlement of our debt host liability as of the termination date. As of December 31, 2022, the debt host liability was $3.8 million, with $2.3 million included in "Other accrued liabilities" and $1.5 million included in "Other long-term obligations" on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of September 30, 2023, a cumulative loss of $2.5 million related to the debt host liability was recorded in AOCI and will be amortized into interest expense using the effective interest method through August 2024.
Out of the $23.1 million gain on the embedded derivatives, $6.9 million for the de-designated swap was recorded in interest expense and $16.2 million for the designated swap was recorded in AOCI and will be amortized into interest expense using the effective interest method through August 2024.
All derivatives are recorded on the balance sheet at fair value. If the derivative is designated and effective as a cash flow hedge, changes in the fair value of the derivative are recognized in AOCI until the hedged item is recognized in earnings. The ineffective portion of a derivative's fair value, if any, is recognized in earnings immediately. If a derivative is not a hedge, changes in the fair value are adjusted through earnings. The fair values of the outstanding derivatives are recorded on the balance sheet as assets (if the derivatives are in a gain position) or liabilities (if the derivatives are in a loss position). The fair values will also be classified as short-term or long-term depending upon their maturity dates. The fair value of all of our derivatives was determined using Level 2 inputs.
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PART I (CONT'D)
GRAFTECH INTERNATIONAL LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)

The notional amounts of our outstanding derivative instruments as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were as follows:
September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
 Notional AmountNotional Amount
(Dollars in thousands)
Derivative instruments designated as hedges:
Foreign currency derivatives$21,264 $— 
Interest rate swap contracts— 250,000 
Derivative instruments not designated as hedges:
Foreign currency derivatives$40,049 $70,420 
Interest rate swap contracts— 183,000 
The following table summarizes the fair value of our outstanding derivatives designated as hedges (on a gross basis) and balance sheet classification as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:
September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
    Fair Value   Fair Value
(Dollars in thousands)
Prepaid and other current assets
Interest rate swap contracts$— $10,246 
Total$— $10,246 
Other assets
Interest rate swap contracts$— $5,575 
Total$— $5,575 
Other accrued liabilities
Foreign currency derivatives$(565)$— 
Net (liability) asset $(565)$15,821 
As a result of the settlement of commodity derivative contracts and interest rate swaps, as of September 30, 2023, net realized pre-tax gains of $6.0 million and $12.6 million, respectively, were reported in AOCI and will be released to earnings within the next 12 months. As of September 30, 2023, net realized pre-tax gains of $0.1 million related to our foreign currency derivatives were reported in AOCI and will be released to earnings within the next 12 months. No ineffectiveness expense was recorded in the third quarter of 2023 or 2022 or in first nine months of 2023. In the first nine months of 2022, we recorded $0.8 million of ineffectiveness income to cost of goods sold in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations related to the settlement of commodity derivative contracts. See the table below for amounts recognized on the effective portion of our commodity derivative contracts in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations.
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PART I (CONT'D)
GRAFTECH INTERNATIONAL LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)

The pre-tax realized (gains) losses on designated cash flow hedges are recognized in the Statements of Operations when the hedged item impacts earnings and were as follows for the periods ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:
  Amount of (Gain)/Loss
Recognized
Location of Realized (Gain)/Loss Recognized in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of OperationsThree Months
Ended September 30,
20232022
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges:(Dollars in thousands)
Foreign currency derivativesCost of goods sold$3,501 $762 
Commodity derivative contractsCost of goods sold(4,234)(5,018)
Interest rate swap contractsInterest expense(2,700)(991)
Amount of (Gain)/Loss
Recognized
Location of Realized (Gain)/Loss Recognized in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of OperationsNine Months
Ended September 30,
20232022
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges:(Dollars in thousands)
Foreign currency derivativesCost of goods sold$5,541 $762 
Commodity derivative contractsCost of goods sold(11,521)(10,973)
Interest rate swap contractsInterest expense(7,882)(532)

Pretax gains and losses on non-designated derivatives recognized in earnings were as follows:
  Amount of (Gain)/Loss
Recognized
Location of (Gain)/Loss Recognized in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of OperationsThree Months Ended September 30,
20232022
Derivatives not designated as hedges:(Dollars in thousands)
Foreign currency derivativesCost of goods sold, other expense (income), net$180 $(144)
Interest rate swap contractsInterest expense— (249)
Amount of (Gain)/Loss
Recognized
Location of (Gain)/Loss Recognized in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of OperationsNine Months Ended
September 30,
20232022
Derivatives not designated as hedges:(Dollars in thousands)
Foreign currency derivativesCost of goods sold, other expense (income), net$500 $299 
Interest rate swap contractsInterest expense(2,957)(6,964)
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PART I (CONT'D)
GRAFTECH INTERNATIONAL LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)

The following table summarizes the fair value of our outstanding derivatives not designated as hedges (on a gross basis) and balance sheet classification as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:
September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
    Fair Value   Fair Value
(Dollars in thousands)
Prepaid and other current assets
Interest rate swap contracts$— $7,492 
Foreign currency derivatives516 92 
Other assets
Interest rate swap contracts— 4,071 
Other accrued liabilities
Foreign currency derivatives(84)(282)
Net asset $432 $11,373 

(10) Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
The balance in our Accumulated other comprehensive loss is set forth in the following table:
 September 30, 2023
December 31, 2022
 (Dollars in thousands)
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax$(29,817)$(29,354)
Commodity, interest rate, and foreign currency derivatives, net of tax12,205 21,284 
Total accumulated other comprehensive loss$(17,612)$(8,070)
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PART I (CONT'D)
GRAFTECH INTERNATIONAL LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)

(11) (Loss) Earnings per Share
During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we did not repurchase any shares of our common stock. In the nine months ended September 30, 2022, we repurchased and subsequently retired 6,662,421 shares of our common stock for $60.0 million under our common stock repurchase program.
The following table presents a reconciliation of the numerator and denominator of basic and diluted (loss) earnings per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:
Three Months
Ended September 30,		Nine Months
Ended September 30,
2023202220232022
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
Numerator for basic and diluted (loss) earnings per share:
Net (loss) income$(22,621)$93,451 $(37,841)$332,631 
Denominator:
Weighted average common shares outstanding for basic calculation257,090,113 256,848,575 256,987,778 259,415,295 
Add: Effect of equity awards— 4,879 — 9,590 
Weighted average common shares outstanding for diluted calculation257,090,113 256,853,454 256,987,778 259,424,885 
Basic (loss) earnings per share$(0.09)$0.36 $(0.15)$1.28 
Diluted (loss) earnings per share$(0.09)$0.36 $(0.15)$1.28 
Basic (loss) earnings per share is calculated by dividing net (loss) income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding, which included 282,891 and 257,953 shares of participating securities in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, and 251,233 and 222,181 shares of participating securities in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. Diluted (loss) earnings per share is calculated by dividing net (loss) income by the sum of the weighted average number of common shares outstanding plus the additional common shares that would have been outstanding if potentially dilutive securities had been issued.
The weighted average common shares outstanding for the diluted (loss) earnings per share calculation for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 excludes the dilutive effect of approximately 68,991 and 36,148 shares, respectively, primarily related to restricted stock units, as their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive due to the Company's net loss.
Additionally, the weighted average common shares outstanding for the diluted (loss) earnings per share calculation excludes consideration of 3,306,665 and 3,135,380 equivalent shares for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, and 2,436,019 and 2,227,682 equivalent shares for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, as their effect would have been anti-dilutive.
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PART I (CONT'D)
GRAFTECH INTERNATIONAL LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)

(12) Stock-Based Compensation
The Human Resources and Compensation Committee of our Board of Directors granted 519,482 stock options, 665,417 restricted stock units (“RSUs”) and 542,743 performance stock units (“PSUs”) to our employees during the first nine months of 2023 under our Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan. Our electing non-employee directors received 91,082 deferred share units (“DSUs”) and 154,609 RSUs and deferred RSUs during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 under our Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan. The weighted average exercise price per share and weighted average fair value per share of the stock options granted in the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $5.51 and $3.01, respectively. We estimated the fair value of the stock options using the following assumptions in our Black-Scholes model:
Dividend yield
0.73%
Expected volatility
58.16%
Risk-free interest rate
4.04%
Expected term (in years)
6.0 years

We measure the fair value of grants of RSUs and DSUs based on the closing market price of a share of our common stock on the date of the grant. The weighted average fair value per share was $5.58 for RSUs granted to employees, $4.24 for RSUs and deferred RSUs granted to non-employee directors and $4.52 for DSUs granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2023.
We measure the fair value of grants of PSUs using a monte carlo valuation. The weighted average fair value of the PSUs granted in the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $7.30 per share and will be expensed over a vesting period of three years. The final payout to holders of PSUs will be based upon the Company's total shareholder return relative to a peer group's performance measured at the end of each performance period.
In the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, we recognized $1.6 million and $0.6 million, respectively, of stock-based compensation expense. The majority of the expense, $1.5 million and $0.5 million, respectively, was recorded in selling and administrative expense in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, with the remaining expense recorded in cost of goods sold.
In the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, we recognized $3.8 million and $1.7 million, respectively, of stock-based compensation expense. The majority of the expense, $3.5 million and $1.6 million, respectively, was recorded in selling and administrative expense in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, with the remaining expense recorded in cost of goods sold.
As of September 30, 2023, the unrecognized compensation cost related to the unvested portion of all stock-based awards was approximately $11.9 million and is expected to be recognized over the remaining vesting period of the respective grants.
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PART I (CONT'D)
GRAFTECH INTERNATIONAL LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)


(13) Supplementary Balance Sheet Detail
Supplier Finance Program (“SFP”) Obligations
GrafTech Mexico S.A. De C.V. (“GrafTech Mexico”) participates in an electronic vendor voucher payment program supported by the Mexican Government through one of its national banks, whereby suppliers can factor their invoices through a financial intermediary. This program gives GrafTech Mexico’s suppliers the option to settle trade receivables by obtaining payment from the financial intermediary prior to the invoice due date for a discounted amount. GrafTech Mexico’s responsibility is limited to making payment on the terms originally negotiated with its supplier, regardless of whether the supplier elects to receive early payment. The range of payment terms GrafTech Mexico negotiates with its suppliers is consistent, irrespective of whether a supplier participates in the program.
As of September 30, 2023, $7.4 million of SFP obligations were included in accounts payable on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and upon settlement, are reflected as cash flow from operating activities in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. GrafTech Mexico did not have a SFP obligation as of December 31, 2022.
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PART I (CONT’D)
GRAFTECH INTERNATIONAL LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The Company
We are a leading manufacturer of high-quality graphite electrode products essential to the production of EAF steel and other ferrous and non‑ferrous metals. We believe that we have the most competitive portfolio of low cost ultra-high power graphite electrode manufacturing facilities in the industry, including three of the highest capacity facilities in the world. We are the only large scale graphite electrode producer that is substantially vertically integrated into petroleum needle coke, our key raw material for graphite electrode manufacturing.
The environmental and economic advantages of EAF steel production position both that industry and the graphite electrode industry for continued long-term growth.
We believe GrafTech's leadership position and vertical integration are sustainable competitive advantages. The services and solutions we provide will position our customers and us for a better future.
Operational and Commercial Update
Sales volume for the third quarter of 2023 was 24.2 thousand metric tons (“MT”), consisting of 7.7 thousand MT of LTA volume and 16.5 thousand MT of non-LTA volume, and decreased 32% compared to the third quarter of 2022.
For the third quarter of 2023, the weighted-average realized price for our LTA volume was $8,650 per MT. For our non-LTA volume, the weighted-average realized price for graphite electrodes delivered and recognized in revenue in the third quarter of 2023 was approximately $5,400 per MT, compared to a weighted-average realized price of approximately $6,000 per MT in the third quarter of 2022, with the decline reflecting the soft commercial environment.
Production volume was 22.7 thousand MT in the third quarter of 2023, a decrease of 40% compared to the third quarter of 2022, as we proactively reduced our graphite electrode production volume to align with our evolving demand outlook and to manage our working capital levels. We also temporarily idled needle coke production at our Seadrift facility throughout the third quarter of 2023 to align our needle coke inventory with our graphite electrode production needs.
Management Changes
As previously reported in our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 25, 2023, effective November 15, 2023, it is expected that (i) Marcel Kessler will resign as Chief Executive Officer and President due to family reasons, (ii) Timothy K. Flanagan will become Interim Chief Executive Officer and President and (iii) Catherine Hedoux-Delgado will become Interim Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer. Mr. Kessler will continue to serve on our Board of Directors.
Outlook
We expect demand for graphite electrodes in the near term will remain weak, reflecting persistent softness in the commercial environment as steel industry production remains constrained by global economic uncertainty. As a result, sales volume in the fourth quarter of 2023 is expected to decline modestly compared to sales volume in the third quarter of 2023.
We expect our cash cost of goods sold per MT in the fourth quarter of 2023 will be below the level recognized in the third quarter of 2023, but will be higher compared to the fourth quarter of 2022. As a result, for the full year of 2023, we continue to expect a significant year-over-year increase in our cash cost of goods sold per MT as (1) fixed costs are recognized over a smaller volume base, (2) excess fixed costs that would have otherwise been inventoried are recognized when incurred due to reduced production levels and (3) reflecting the full-year impact of higher raw material costs that increased throughout 2022. We continue to closely manage our operating costs and capital expenditures, as well as our working capital levels.
Looking ahead, we remain confident in our ability to overcome near-term challenges and are optimistic about the long-term outlook for our business. We anticipate the steel industry’s accelerating efforts to decarbonize will lead to increased adoption of the EAF method of steelmaking, driving long-term demand growth for graphite electrodes. We also anticipate the demand for petroleum needle coke, the key raw material we use to produce graphite electrodes, to accelerate driven by its utilization in producing synthetic graphite for use in lithium-ion batteries for the growing electric vehicle market. We believe that the actions we are taking, supported by a distinct set of capabilities, including our substantial vertical integration into petroleum needle coke via our Seadrift facility, will optimally position GrafTech to benefit from these sustainable industry tailwinds.
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PART I (CONT’D)
GRAFTECH INTERNATIONAL LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES


Steel market capacity utilization rates have been as follows:
Q3 2023Q2 2023Q3 2022
Global (ex-China) capacity utilization rate(1)
65%68%65%
U.S. steel market capacity utilization rate(2)
76%77%78%
(1) Source: World Steel Association, Metal Expert and GrafTech analysis, as of October 2023
(2) Source: American Iron and Steel Institute, as of October 2023

The table of estimated shipments of graphite electrodes under existing LTAs was updated as follows, reflecting our current expectations for the full years of 2023 and 2024:
2023 Outlook2024 Outlook
Estimated LTA volume(1)
28-2913-16
Estimated LTA revenue(2)
$245-$255
$100-$135(3)
(1) In thousands of MT
(2) In millions
(3) Includes expected termination fees from a few customers that have failed to meet certain obligations under their LTAs

We recorded 23.5 thousand MT of LTA volume and $212.6 million of LTA revenue in the nine months ended September 30, 2023, and we expect to record five thousand to six thousand MT of LTA volume and approximately $32.0 million to $42.0 million of LTA revenue for the remainder of 2023.
The majority of the LTAs are defined as pre-determined fixed annual volume contracts while a small portion are defined with a specified volume range. For the years 2023 and through 2024, the contractual revenue amounts above are based upon the minimum volume for those contracts with specified ranges. The actual revenue realized from these contracted volumes may vary in timing and total due to contract non-performance, force majeure notices, arbitrations, credit risk associated with certain customers facing financial challenges and customer demand related to contracted volume ranges.
Capital Structure and Capital Allocation
As of September 30, 2023, we had liquidity of $285.1 million, consisting of $112.3 million of availability under our 2018 Revolving Credit Facility and cash and cash equivalents of $172.8 million, and we had gross debt of $950.3 million. The Company's current capital allocation approach is focused on maintaining sufficient liquidity as we navigate the persistent softness in the commercial environment. In addition, we are making targeted investments to further improve our operational flexibility and support long-term growth. We continue to anticipate our full year capital expenditures will be in the range of $55.0 million to $60.0 million for 2023.
Key metrics used by management to measure performance
In addition to measures of financial performance presented in our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States ("GAAP"), we use certain other financial measures and operating metrics to analyze the performance of our Company. Our “non-GAAP” financial measures consist of EBITDA, adjusted EBITDA, adjusted net (loss) income and adjusted (loss) earnings per share, which help us evaluate growth trends, establish budgets, assess operational efficiencies and evaluate our overall financial performance. Our key operating metrics consist of sales volume, production volume, production capacity and capacity utilization.




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PART I (CONT’D)
GRAFTECH INTERNATIONAL LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES



Key financial measures
Three Months
Ended September 30,		Nine Months
Ended September 30,
(in thousands, except per share data)2023202220232022
Net sales$158,992 $303,840 $483,355 $1,033,731 
Net (loss) income(22,621)93,451 (37,841)332,631 
(Loss) earnings per share(1)
(0.09)0.36 (0.15)1.28 
EBITDA(2)
(1,336)127,937 35,067 453,437 
Adjusted net (loss) income(2)
(20,866)93,883 (32,183)334,905 
Adjusted (loss) earnings per share(1)(2)
(0.08)0.37 (0.13)1.29 
Adjusted EBITDA(2)
919 128,567 42,056 456,363 
(1) (Loss) earnings per share represents diluted (loss) earnings per share. Adjusted (loss) earnings per share represents adjusted diluted (loss) earnings per share.
(2) Non-GAAP financial measure; see below for information and reconciliations of EBITDA, adjusted EBITDA and adjusted net (loss) income to net (loss) income and adjusted (loss) earnings per share to (loss) earnings per share, the most directly comparable financial measures calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP.
Key operating measures
In addition to measures of financial performance presented in accordance with GAAP, we use certain operating metrics to analyze the performance of our Company. These metrics align with management's assessment of our revenue performance and profit margin, and will help investors understand the factors that drive our profitability.
Sales volume reflects the total volume of graphite electrodes sold for which revenue has been recognized during the period. For a discussion of our revenue recognition policy, see “—Critical accounting policies—Revenue recognition” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K. Sales volume helps investors understand the factors that drive our net sales.
Production volume, production capacity and capacity utilization help us understand the efficiency of our production, evaluate cost of goods sold and consider how to approach our sales contract initiative.
Three Months
Ended September 30,		Nine Months
Ended September 30,
(in thousands, except utilization)2023202220232022
Sales volume (MT)24.2 35.7 67.5 121.3 
Production volume (MT)(1)
22.7 37.7 63.7 127.7 
Total production capacity (MT)(2)(3)
55.0 55.0 171.0 171.0 
Total capacity utilization(3)(4)
41 %69 %37 %75 %
Production capacity excluding St. Marys (MT)(2)(5)
48.0 48.0 150.0 150.0 
Capacity utilization excluding St. Marys(4)(5)