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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2023
or
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from            to                     Commission File Number: 1-11718
EQUITY LIFESTYLE PROPERTIES, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Maryland36-3857664
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation)(IRS Employer Identification Number)
Two North Riverside Plaza, Suite 800Chicago,Illinois60606
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)(Zip Code)
(312) 279-1400
Registrant's telephone number, including area code
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each classTrading Symbol(s)Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.01 Par ValueELSNew York Stock Exchange

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None
Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.     Yes      No  
Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.     Yes      No  
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.     Yes      No  
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).     Yes      No  
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or emerging growth company. See definitions of large accelerated filer”, accelerated filer, smaller reporting company and emerging growth company in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filerxAccelerated filerSmaller reporting companyEmerging Growth Company
Non-accelerated filer
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act  
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management's assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.
If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements.
Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to § 240.10D-1(b). ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).     Yes      No  
The aggregate market value of voting stock held by non-affiliates was approximately $12,290.1 million as of June 30, 2023 based upon the closing price of $66.89 on such date using beneficial ownership of stock rules adopted pursuant to Section 13 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 to exclude voting stock owned by Directors and Officers, some of whom may not be held to be affiliates upon judicial determination.
As of February 16, 2024, 186,492,242 shares of the Registrant's common stock were outstanding.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE:
Part III incorporates by reference portions of the Registrant's Proxy Statement relating to the Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held on April 30, 2024.



Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
  Page
PART I.
Item 1.Business
Item 1A.Risk Factors
Item 1B.Unresolved Staff Comments
Item 1C.Cybersecurity
Item 2.Properties
Item 3.Legal Proceedings
Item 4.Mine Safety Disclosures
PART II.
Item 5.Market for the Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Item 6.[Reserved]
Item 7.Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Item 7A.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Forward-Looking Statements
Item 8.Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Item 9.Changes In and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
Item 9A.Controls and Procedures
Item 9B.Other Information
Item 9C.Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections
PART III.
Item 10.Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
Item 11.Executive Compensation
Item 12.Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
Item 13.Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
Item 14.Principal Accounting Fees and Services
PART IV.
Item 15.Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules
Item 16.Form 10-K Summary
 

 
-i-


PART I
Item 1. Business
Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
General
Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc. (“ELS”), a Maryland corporation, together with MHC Operating Limited Partnership (the “Operating Partnership”) and its other consolidated subsidiaries (the “Subsidiaries”), are referred to herein as “we,” “us,” and “our”. We are a fully integrated owner of lifestyle-oriented properties (“Properties”) consisting of property operations and home sales and rental operations primarily within manufactured home (“MH”) and recreational vehicle (“RV”) communities and marinas. We were formed in December 1992 to continue the property operations, business objectives and acquisition strategies of an entity that had owned and operated Properties since 1969. Commencing with our taxable year ended December 31, 1993, we have elected to be taxed as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
We have a unique business model where we own the land which we lease to customers who own manufactured homes and cottages, RVs and/or boats either on a long-term or short-term basis. Our customers may lease individual developed areas (“Sites”) or enter into right-to-use contracts, also known as membership subscriptions, which provide them access to specific Properties for limited stays. Compared to other types of real estate companies, our business model is characterized by low maintenance costs and low customer turnover costs. Our portfolio is geographically diversified across highly desirable locations near retirement and vacation destinations and urban areas across the United States. We have more than 110 Properties with lake, river or ocean frontage and more than 120 Properties within 10 miles of the coastal United States. Our Properties generally attract retirees, vacationing families, second homeowners and first-time homebuyers by providing a community experience and a lower-cost home ownership alternative.
We are one of the nation's largest real estate networks with a portfolio of 451 Properties (including joint venture Properties) consisting of 172,465 Sites located throughout 35 states in the U.S. and British Columbia in Canada as of December 31, 2023.
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Our Properties are generally designed and improved for housing options of various sizes and layouts that are produced off-site by third-party manufacturers, installed and set on designated Sites within the Properties. Manufactured homes and cottages can range from approximately 400 to over 2,000 square feet. Properties may also have Sites that can accommodate RVs of varying sizes. We also have marinas that offer boat slip and dry storage rentals. In addition to centralized entrances, internal road systems and designated Sites, our Properties generally provide a clubhouse for social activities and recreation and other amenities, which can include swimming pools, shuffleboard courts, tennis courts, pickleball courts, golf courses, lawn bowling, restaurants, laundry facilities, cable television and internet service. Some Properties provide utilities, including water and sewer service, through municipal or regulated utilities, while others provide these services to customers from on-site facilities.
Our Formation
Our Properties are primarily owned by our Operating Partnership and managed internally by affiliates of our Operating Partnership. We are the general partner of the Operating Partnership. We contributed the proceeds from our various equity offerings, including our initial public offering, to the Operating Partnership. In exchange for these contributions, we received units of common interests in the partnership (“OP Units”) equal to the number of shares of common stock that have been issued in such equity offerings.
We have elected to be taxed as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Since certain activities, if performed by us, may not be qualifying REIT activities under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), we have formed taxable REIT subsidiaries (each, a “TRS”). Our primary TRS is Realty Systems, Inc. (“RSI”) which, along with owning several Properties, is engaged in the business of purchasing, selling and leasing factory-built homes located in Properties owned and managed by us. RSI also offers home sale brokerage services to our residents who may choose to sell their homes rather than relocate them when moving from a Property. Subsidiaries of RSI also operate ancillary activities at certain Properties, such as golf courses, pro shops, stores and restaurants.
The financial results of the Operating Partnership and Subsidiaries are included in our consolidated financial statements, which can be found beginning on page F-1 of this Form 10-K.
Operating Strategies
Our operating strategy is to own and operate the highest quality Properties in sought-after locations near retirement and vacation destinations and urban areas across the United States. Through management of desirable Properties that provide an exceptional customer experience, we create communities valued by residents and guests while delivering value for stockholders.
We focus on Properties that have strong cash flows and plan to hold such Properties for long-term investment and capital appreciation. In determining cash flow potential, we evaluate our ability to attract high quality customers to our Properties and to retain customers who take pride in the Property and in their homes. Our operating, investment and financing initiatives include:
Consistently providing high levels of services and amenities in attractive surroundings to foster a strong sense of community and pride of home ownership;
Efficiently managing the Properties to add value, grow occupancy, maintain competitive market rents and control expenses;
Incorporating environmental, social and governance (“ESG”) considerations into our business and ensuring sustainability is embedded in our business operations;
Achieving growth and increasing property values through strategic expansion and, where appropriate, renovation of the Properties;
Utilizing technology to evaluate potential acquisitions, identify and track competing properties, attract new customers and monitor existing and prospective customer satisfaction;
Selectively acquiring properties that offer opportunities for us to add value and enhance or create property concentrations in and around retirement or vacation destinations and urban areas to capitalize on operating synergies;
Selectively acquiring parcels of land adjacent to our Properties that offer opportunities for us to expand our existing communities with additional Sites;
Selecting joint venture partners that share business objectives, growth initiatives and risk profiles similar to ours;
Managing our capital structure in order to maintain financial flexibility, minimize exposure to interest rate fluctuations and maintain an appropriate degree of leverage to maximize return on capital; and
Developing and maintaining relationships with various capital providers.
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These initiatives and their implementation were determined by our management team and ratified by our Board of Directors and may be subject to change or amendment at any time.
Acquisitions and Dispositions
We invest in properties in sought-after locations near retirement and vacation destinations and urban areas across the United States with a focus on delivering value for residents and guests as well as stockholders. Over the last decade, we have continued to increase the number of Properties in our portfolio (including joint venture Properties), from approximately 377 Properties with over 139,000 Sites to 451 Properties with approximately 172,500 Sites as of December 31, 2023. During the year ended December 31, 2023, we acquired one RV community. We also acquired two land parcels adjacent to certain Properties consisting of approximately two developable acres. We continually review the Properties in our portfolio to ensure we are delivering on our business and customer service objectives. Over the last five years, we redeployed capital to Properties in markets we believe have greater long-term potential and sold five all-age MH communities located in Indiana and Michigan that were not aligned with our long-term goals.
We believe there continues to be opportunities for property acquisitions. Based on industry reports, we estimate there are approximately 50,000 MH properties and approximately 8,700 RV properties (excluding government owned properties) in North America and approximately 4,500 marinas in the U.S. Many of these properties are not operated by large owners/operators and approximately 3,800 of the MH properties, 1,300 of the RV properties and 500 of the marinas contain 200 sites or more. We believe this fragmentation provides us the opportunity to purchase additional properties. We also believe we have a competitive advantage in the acquisition of additional properties due to our experienced management, significant presence in major real estate markets and access to capital resources. We utilize market information systems to identify and evaluate acquisition opportunities, including the use of a market database to review the primary economic indicators of the various locations in which we expect to expand our operations. We are actively seeking to acquire and at any given time are engaged in various stages of negotiations relating to the possible acquisition of additional properties, which may include outstanding contracts to acquire properties that are subject to the satisfactory completion of our due diligence review.
Acquisitions will be financed with the most efficient available sources of capital, which may include undistributed Funds from Operations (“FFO”), issuance of additional equity securities, including under an at-the-market (“ATM”) equity offering program that we expect to put in place shortly, sales of investments and collateralized and uncollateralized borrowings, including our existing line of credit. In addition, we have acquired and expect to acquire properties in transactions that include the issuance of OP Units as consideration for the acquired properties. We believe that an acquisition structure that includes our Operating Partnership has permitted and will permit us to acquire additional properties in transactions that may defer all or a portion of the sellers' tax consequences.
When evaluating potential acquisitions, we consider, among others, the following factors:
Current and projected cash flows of the property;
Geographic area and the type of property;
Replacement cost of the property, including land values, entitlements and zoning;
Location, construction quality, condition and design of the property, including vacant land and its location relative to one or more of our existing properties;
Potential for capital appreciation of the property;
Terms of tenant leases or usage rights;
Climate risk;
REIT tax compliance;
Sellers' reputation;
Opportunity to enhance the customer experience and add value through management expertise;
Potential for economies of scale through property concentrations;
Potential for economic growth and the tax and regulatory environment of the community in which the property is located;
Potential for expansion, including increasing the number of Sites;
Occupancy and demand by customers for properties of a similar type in the vicinity;
Prospects for liquidity through sale, financing or refinancing of the property;
Competition from existing properties and the potential for the construction of new properties in the area; and
Working capital demands.
When evaluating potential dispositions, we consider, among others, the following factors:
Whether the Property meets our current investment criteria;
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Our desire to exit certain non-core markets and reallocate the capital into core markets; and
Our ability to sell the Property at a price that we believe will provide an appropriate return for our stockholders.
When investing capital, we consider all potential uses of the capital, including returning capital to our stockholders. Our Board of Directors periodically reviews the conditions under which we may repurchase our stock. These conditions include, but are not limited to, market price, balance sheet flexibility, other opportunities and capital requirements.
Property Expansions
Development - Current Portfolio. An integral part of our growth and investment strategy is to evaluate each Property for expansion opportunities. Investment evaluation consists of reviewing the following: local market conditions, demographic trends, zoning and entitlements, infrastructure requirements, financial feasibility, projected performance and property operations. When justified, development of land available for expansion (“Expansion Sites”) allows us to leverage existing facilities and amenities. We believe our ability to increase density translates to greater value creation and cash flows through operational efficiencies. Overall, approximately 124 of our Properties have potential Expansion Sites, offering approximately 6,500 available acres. Refer to Item 2. Properties, which includes detail regarding the developable acres available at each property.
Acquisition - Expanding Portfolio. In selecting acquisition targets, we focus on properties with existing operations in place and contiguous Expansion Sites. Underwriting a project with these features allows us to access the previously untapped potential of such properties. For example, over the past three years, we have acquired 31 Properties and 7 land parcels that contain approximately 1,000 acres for future expansion.
Human Capital Management
We recognize that our success is driven by our employees. We invest in our employees and are committed to developing our employees’ skills and leadership abilities. As a result, we believe our employees are dedicated to building strong, innovative and long-term relationships with each other and with our residents and guests.
We have an annual average of approximately 4,000 full-time, part-time and seasonal employees dedicated to carrying out our operating philosophy while focusing on delivering an exceptional customer experience for our residents and guests. Our property operations are managed internally by affiliates of the Operating Partnership and are coordinated by an on-site team of employees that typically includes a manager, clerical staff and maintenance workers.
The on-site team at each Property is primarily responsible for providing maintenance and care to the property itself as well as customer service and, at times, coordinating lifestyle-oriented activities for our residents and guests. Direct supervision of on-site management is the responsibility of our regional vice presidents and regional and district managers, who have substantial experience addressing customer needs and creating innovative approaches to provide an exceptional experience for residents and guests, which we believe also creates value for our stockholders, through focused and effective property management. Complementing the field management staff are approximately 500 full-time employees in our home and regional offices who assist in all functions related to the management of our Properties.
For more information on our human capital management, please see the section below on our Sustainability Strategy.
Sustainability Strategy
ELS’ commitment to sustainability takes a holistic approach which aims to support our business model, minimize our environmental impact, maintain a safe and healthy workplace and uphold a high standard of business ethics and conduct. We understand the value of continuing to focus on sustainable practices and the highest standard of business ethics and practices, as they are critical to our overall success and building long-term stakeholder value. With a dedicated sustainability team, we are committed to incorporating ESG principles into our business operations in collaboration with department heads.
Our Environmental, Social and Governance Taskforce (“ESG Taskforce”) supports our on-going commitment to environmental, social, governance and other public policy matters relevant to us (collectively “ESG Matters”). Led by the Sustainability team and overseen by our Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer, the ESG Taskforce is comprised of a cross-functional team of employees.
The ESG Taskforce reports on ESG Matters to the Compensation, Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee of the Board of Directors and senior management. The Compensation, Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee is responsible for the review of our ESG strategy, initiatives and policies. Additionally, the Audit Committee of the Board of
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Directors is responsible for the discussion and review of policies with respect to risk assessment and risk management, including, but not limited to, human capital, climate, cyber security and other ESG risks. The Strategic Planning Committee further assists the Board in assessing ESG strategies. Quarterly committee meetings with the Board include educational briefings from management regarding a wide variety of strategic initiatives, including ESG-related matters.
At ELS, sustainability is at the core of Our Nature through Uniting People, Places & Purpose.
Our People: Team Members. With a culture of recognition and reputation for excellence, our employees are empowered to take ownership in their jobs and make a difference. ELS is a place where talent is recognized and internal growth is promoted, making it an ideal organization in which to develop a long and successful career.
We are committed to attracting and retaining a diverse workforce and to providing a safe and inclusive environment where our team members are encouraged to demonstrate their unique skill sets and bring a personal touch to their work. We are committed to maintaining workplaces free from discrimination or harassment on the basis of color, race, sex, national origin, ethnicity, religion, age, disability, sexual orientation, gender identification or expression or any other status protected by applicable law. We value the many contributions of a diverse workforce and understand that diverse backgrounds bring diverse perspectives, resulting in unique insights. Our Diversity Council is a cross-functional team formed to help guide and support the Company's ongoing commitment to diversity, equity and inclusion practices for employees, candidates and customers.
We provide equal employment opportunities to all persons, in accordance with the principles and requirements of the Equal Employment Opportunities Commission and the principles and requirements of the Americans with Disabilities Act. As of December 31, 2023, more than 50% of our workforce self-identified as female and more than 50% of our management positions are held by individuals self-identifying as female. To attract diverse applicants, we partner with third parties and post openings to a wide variety of job boards. We also have an annual internship program designed to, among other things, create a pipeline of qualified candidates for positions within the Company and to attract diverse candidates. We recognize the importance of experienced leadership and as of December 31, 2023, the average tenure for the executive team was 18 years. The average age of our employees is 51, with ages spanning multiple generations, similar to our residents and guests.
Our employees are fairly compensated, without regard to gender, race and ethnicity and routinely recognized for outstanding performance. Our compensation program is designed to attract and retain talent. All employees are supported with a strong training and development program and a well-rounded benefits plan to help them maintain their health and financial well-being. Employees are offered flexibility to meet personal and family needs. We encourage our employees to take time away from work to focus on their physical and mental well-being and offer a comprehensive benefit package that includes five mental health and well-being days, paid parental and paid family leave programs that exceed minimum regulatory requirements, back up child care services, pet insurance, paw-ternity leave and paid volunteer time off. In addition, we offer a competitive 401(k) plan that provides for an employer match of up to 4% with 100% vesting of all contributions immediately upon eligibility and an Employee Stock Purchase Plan providing a 15% discount for all eligible employees.
Providing a safe and healthy work environment for our team members is a top priority and we empower them to take ownership in this effort. Each employee is assigned a safety-related training curriculum tailored to their job responsibilities. All employees are encouraged to report any conditions in their workplace that raise health or safety concerns without fear of retaliation.
ELS is a place where talent is recognized and internal growth is promoted. In addition to foundational safety and compliance training, team members participate in virtual and in-person learning experiences including formal new employee and manager development programs, a formal mentorship program, a “Knowledge Power Day” program providing office-based employees an opportunity to be fully immersed in the day-to-day operations at our communities, customer experience training focused on varying elements that support our values for property team members and diversity, equity and inclusion programs to support the sense of belonging, awareness and connection at ELS. We conduct annual performance, career development and compensation reviews for all employees to reward our employees based on merit and their contributions.
We continually assess and strive to enhance employee satisfaction and engagement. We solicit employee feedback and measure engagement through a variety of employee surveys. We look forward to inviting employees to participate in additional pulse surveys annually with focus on engagement and the overall employee experience.
Our People: Residents & Guests: ELS works to create a comfortable and welcoming environment for everyone – residents, guests and employees. With a culture of recognition and reputation for excellence, ELS teammates are empowered to take ownership in their jobs and help our customers create lasting memories. Our dedicated on-site management teams are encouraged to be ambassadors of their communities and are committed to consistently delivering an exceptional experience for our residents and guests. Hearing directly from our customers is critical, and the number of platforms through which our
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customers can contact us continues to grow. This customer feedback helps us to make informed business decisions focusing on the safety and health of our residents, guests and employees, while ensuring a positive experience for all.
Our People: Giving Back: ELS believes in supporting the communities we operate as well as the greater communities in which we live, work and play. In order to maximize our efforts at giving back, we leverage a multi-pronged approach to delivering on this commitment, which includes a focus on employee engagement, community giving, strategic sponsorship and nonprofit impact.
All benefits eligible employees can take paid time off annually to volunteer with a charitable organization of their choice. Team members are encouraged to use this time to make a difference in their communities and utilized over 8,500 Community Impact hours during the year ended December 31, 2023. Making a positive impact in the greater communities in which we operate not only helps us make a difference in the lives of others, but also enhances our knowledge of and connection to the people and places we serve. Throughout our Properties across North America, we work to create a comfortable and welcoming environment for everyone – residents, guests and employees. People helping people is the norm, and our Making a Difference in Our Communities program is designed to foster and support these acts of goodwill, generosity and neighborly care. Our strategic sponsorships leverage our communities to give back. Funded through the generosity of our employees and friends of ELS, ConsiderOthers is a 501(c)(3) non-profit charity that provides financial and other assistance to our residents and employees. These acts of kindness enhance the bonds our customers have with each other and to our communities. We are proud to help foster these efforts in our communities.
Our Places. Our Properties are located where our customers aspire to be – where they want to live, work and grow, where they want to retire or raise their family and where they want to vacation and spend their valued leisure time. We consider it a great responsibility to own and operate lifestyle-oriented properties among diverse landscapes and natural habitats and to ensure our properties remain desirable destinations for future generations. We are committed to maintaining biodiversity across our portfolio and operating assets that are connected to their local and natural environments. As a result, the consideration of environmental factors has always been part of our culture in the daily operation of our business.
Our Journey at ELS encompasses a three-part strategy to manage our impact, while also focusing on how we can provide environmental benefit beyond our own operations. Our focus is on reducing operational impact, enabling customer impact and enhancing positive impact. Underpinning Our Journey is a practice of continual innovation. We aim to reduce emissions from our operations through our investments in resource conservation, efficiency and renewable energy programs. We enable customer conservation and efficiency by providing recycling and composting offerings, promoting water and energy reduction through education and technology and pursuing community-level certifications and procuring ENERGY STAR® certified homes to save our residents money and energy. We are committed to preserving biodiversity within our portfolio and providing outdoor access to our guests and residents. Our natural capital both within our properties and beyond through our collaboration with American Forests has positive climate benefits.
At ELS, we are taking steps to reduce our carbon footprint and our impact on the environment, including energy management, water management and waste management. Our environmental metrics consist primarily of the impact of our customers on our properties as well as ELS operational impacts. We have designed our strategy to reduce ELS’ impact and promote the benefits of our properties, while enabling our customers to share in this journey with us. Lloyd's Register Quality Assurance ("LRQA") was retained to provide independent assurance of our 2022 environmental metrics to a limited level of assurance and materiality.
At ELS, we focus on operating sustainable communities for our guests and residents to enjoy and believe community-level certifications provide the best representation of our sustainable business practices on our properties. Our focus extends beyond efficient buildings to sustainable communities through the National Association of RV Parks & Campgrounds ("ARVC")’s Plan-It Green Friendly Park Program for our RV communities and state-level Clean Marina designations. Both programs provide external validation and recognition of our communities’ implementation of best practices to promote a more sustainable operation.
We are committed to maintaining biodiversity across our portfolio and creating assets that are connected to their natural and local environments. The Manufactured Housing Institute ("MHI") recognized Colony Cove in Ellenton, FL with its 2023 Leadership in Sustainability Award for planting more than 4,000 trees on a 1.5-acre peninsula in the community, creating a beneficial microforest. The annual MHI awards recognize communities that deliver extraordinary resident experiences due to their all-around excellence in operations, professionalism, amenities and community involvement.
Our Purpose. It is of the utmost importance to us that we maintain the highest level of ethical standards in our processes, customs and policies. Whether we are working with customers or vendors, our actions are guided by a clear set of established principles. We hold ourselves accountable for ethical business practices. All facets of ELS, employees, management and our Board of Directors, are expected to act with honesty, integrity, fairness and respect. To support this culture, all team members
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receive annual compliance training focused on compliant and ethical interactions with peers, residents, guests, vendors and others in our communities and offices.
Our Board of Directors recognizes that corporate governance is a developing and dynamic area warranting periodic review. Policies are in place and reviewed on an annual basis to support this purpose. All publicly available policies are reviewed and approved by senior management. To help employees report potential misconduct, we have a confidential multi-lingual Alertline for reporting Ethics and Compliance concerns and a confidential hotline for all employees to report workplace health and safety concerns.
We have a stakeholder engagement approach that enables us to understand our stakeholders’ perceptions and concerns, encourages regular dialogue and leverages industry frameworks to communicate our ESG impacts. Our 2022 Sustainability Report references the Global Reporting Initiative ("GRI"), Sustainability Accounting Standards Board ("SASB") and Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures ("TCFD") frameworks. Further information on our sustainability strategy and ESG efforts can be found on our website at https://www.equitylifestyleproperties.com/sustainability. The information on our internet site is not part of, nor incorporated into, this annual report on Form 10-K.
Leases or Usage Rights
At our Properties, a typical lease for the rental of a Site between us and the owner or renter of a home is month-to-month or for a one-year term, renewable upon the consent of both parties or, in some instances, as provided by statute. These leases are cancellable, depending on applicable law, for non-payment of rent, violation of Property rules and regulations or other specified defaults. Long-term leases are in effect at approximately 8,258 Sites in 24 of our MH Properties. Some of these leases are subject to rental rate increases based on the Consumer Price Index (“CPI”), in some instances allowing for pass-throughs of certain items such as real estate taxes, utility expenses and capital expenditures. Generally, adjustments to our rental rates, if appropriate, are made on an annual basis.
In Florida, which represents 38.3% of total sites and 45.3% of total property operating revenues, in connection with offering a Site in a MH community for rent, the MH community owner must deliver to the prospective resident a prospectus required by Florida Statutes Chapter 723.011, which must first be approved by the state's regulatory agency. The prospectus contains certain required disclosures regarding the community, the rights and obligations of the MH community owner and residents and a copy of the lease agreement. A prospectus may describe what factors the MH community owner can use to justify a rental rate increase and may contain limitations on the rights of the MH community to increase rental rates. However, in the absence of such limitations, the MH community owner may increase rental rates to market, subject to certain advance notice requirements and a statutory requirement that the rental increase and rental rates be reasonable. See further discussion below related to rent control legislation.
At Properties zoned for RV use, we have entered into agreements with residents who have usage rights on an annual basis and we have long-term relationships with many of our seasonal and transient residents and guests, who typically enter into short-term rental agreements. Generally, these residents and guests cannot live full time on these Properties for reasons including their seasonal nature. Many of them also leave deposits to reserve a Site for the following year.
Properties operated under the Thousand Trails brand are primarily utilized to serve subscription members. Available Sites within these Properties may also be utilized by non-members. A membership subscription grants the member access to these Properties on a continuous basis of up to 14 days in exchange for an annual payment. In addition, members are eligible to upgrade their subscriptions, which increase usage rights during the membership term. Each membership upgrade requires a non-refundable upfront payment, for which we offer financing options to eligible members. Most of the subscription contracts provide for an annual dues increase, usually based on increases in the CPI.
Regulations and Insurance
General. Our Properties are subject to a variety of laws, ordinances and regulations, including regulations relating to recreational facilities such as swimming pools, clubhouses and other common areas, regulations relating to providing utility services, such as electricity, and regulations relating to operating water and wastewater treatment facilities at certain Properties. We believe that each Property has all material permits and approvals necessary to operate. We renew these permits and approvals in the ordinary course of business.
Insurance. Our Properties are insured against risks that may cause property damage and business interruption, including events such as fire, flood, earthquake, or windstorm. The relevant insurance policies contain deductible requirements, coverage limits and particular exclusions. Our current property and casualty insurance policies with respect to our MH and RV Properties, which we plan to renew, expire on April 1, 2024. We have a $125.0 million per occurrence limit with respect to our
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MH and RV all-risk property insurance program, which includes approximately $50.0 million of coverage per occurrence for named windstorms, which include, for example, hurricanes. The loss limit is subject to additional sub-limits as set forth in the policy form, including, among others, a $25.0 million aggregate loss limit for earthquake(s) in California. The deductibles for this policy primarily range from a $500,000 minimum to 5.0% per unit of insurance for most catastrophic events. For most catastrophic events, there is an additional one-time aggregate deductible of $10.0 million, which is capped at $5.0 million per occurrence. We have separate insurance policies with respect to our marina Properties. Those casualty policies will expire on November 1, 2024 and the property insurance program, which we plan to renew, expires on April 1, 2024. The marina property insurance program has a $25.0 million per occurrence limit, subject to self-insurance and a minimum deductible of $100,000 plus, for named windstorms, 5.0% per unit of insurance subject to a $500,000 minimum. A deductible indicates our maximum exposure, subject to policy limits and sub-limits, in the event of a loss.
Rent Control Legislation. At certain Properties, state and local rent control laws dictate the structure of rent increases and in some cases, outline the ability to recover the costs of capital improvements. Enactment of such laws has been considered at various times in other jurisdictions. We presently expect to continue to maintain Properties and may purchase additional properties in markets that are either subject to rent control or in which rent related legislation exists or may be enacted. For example, Florida law requires that rental increases be reasonable and Delaware law requires rental increases greater than the changes in the CPI to be justified. Also, certain jurisdictions in California in which we own Properties limit rent increases to changes in the CPI or some percentage of the CPI. As part of our effort to realize the value of Properties subject to restrictive regulations, we have initiated lawsuits at times against various municipalities imposing such regulations in an attempt to balance the interests of our stockholders with the interests of our residents and guests.
Membership Properties. Many states also have consumer protection laws regulating right-to-use or campground membership sales and the financing of such sales. Some states have laws requiring us to register with a state agency and obtain a permit to market (see Item 1A. Risk Factors). At certain Properties primarily used as membership campgrounds, state statutes limit our ability to close a Property unless a reasonable substitute Property is made available for members to use.
Industry
We believe that demand for manufactured housing, RV communities and marinas will continue to outpace supply in the near future. We expect much of this demand will continue to come from baby boomers, who may seek an active RV lifestyle or a permanent retirement or vacation establishment. In addition, we expect the exposure to Generation X, Millennials and Gen Z will contribute to the demand, as these groups focus on affordability, prefer housing quality over size and pursue unique experiences. We believe that our Properties and our business model provide an attractive destination for customers as they seek value in their housing and recreational options. Positive trends in categories such as customer demographics, the quality of manufactured housing construction and limited property supply, among others, fuel our belief that our Properties are well positioned for the future:
Barriers to Entry: We believe that the supply of new properties in locations we target will be constrained by barriers to entry. While we have seen a modest increase in ground-up development, primarily of RV properties, the most significant barrier continues to be the difficulty of securing zoning permits from local authorities, particularly in geographic areas we target for investment. This has been the result of (i) the public perception of manufactured housing and (ii) the fact that MH and RV communities generate less tax revenue than conventional housing properties because the homes are treated as personal property (a benefit to the homeowner) rather than real property. Further, the length of time between investment in a property's development and the attainment of stabilized occupancy and the generation of profit is significant. The initial development of the infrastructure may take up to three years and once a property is ready for occupancy, it may be difficult to attract customers to an empty property.
Customer Base: We believe that properties tend to achieve and maintain a stable rate of occupancy due to the following factors: (i) customers typically own their own homes, (ii) properties tend to foster a sense of community as a result of amenities, such as clubhouses and recreational and social activities, (iii) customers often sell their homes in-place (similar to site-built residential housing), resulting in no interruption of rental payments to us and (iv) moving a factory-built home from one property to another involves substantial cost and effort.
Lifestyle Choice: There are currently over 1 million RV camp sites in privately owned RV parks and campgrounds in the United States per the National Association of RV Parks and Campgrounds (“ARVC”). According to the Recreational Vehicle Industry Association (the “RVIA”) in 2021, RV ownership has reached record levels. More than 11.2 million households now own an RV, a 26% increase since 2011 and a 62% increase since 2001. RV ownership is split almost equally between those over and under the age of 55, with significant growth among 18 to 34 year-olds, who now make up 22% of the market. The 73 million people born in the United States from 1946 to 1964, or “baby boomers,” make up one of the largest and fastest growing segments in this market. According to the RVIA, data
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suggested that RV sales are expected to benefit from an increase in demand from those born in the United States from 1980 to 2003, or millennials and Gen Z, over the coming years. The consumers most likely to purchase RVs, according to a study conducted with Nielsen in 2016 by Go RVing, a coalition of RV industry trade groups, are families searching for adventures, individuals looking for locations with natural beauty and opportunities for outdoor sports and recreation and kid-free adult adventurers enjoying the freedom, convenience and low-cost options of RVs. Ownership is spread widely not only across age levels but also across genders, as well as household income and education. According to “The 2023 North American Camping Report”, the use of RVs as a primary camping accommodation by campers increased 29.3% from 2019 to 2022. In 2022, 15 million households went RVing at some point, including the more than 11.2 million RV owners.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau in 2019, every day 10,000 Americans turn 65 years old and all baby boomers will be at least age 65 by 2030. We believe that this population segment, seeking an active lifestyle, will provide opportunities for our future growth. As RV owners age and move beyond the more active RV lifestyle, they will often seek permanent retirement or vacation establishments. Manufactured homes and cottages have become an increasingly popular housing alternative. According to 2023 U.S. Census Bureau National Population Projections figures, the population of people ages 55 and older is expected to grow 15% within the next 15 years.
We believe that the housing choices in our Properties are especially attractive to such individuals throughout this lifestyle cycle. Our Properties offer an appealing amenity package, close proximity to local services, social activities, low maintenance and a secure environment. In fact, many of our Properties allow for this cycle to occur within a single Property.
The National Marine Manufacturers Association (“NMMA”) released its 2022 U.S. Recreational Boating Statistical Abstract in January 2024. Total recreational marine expenditures during 2022 reached a high of $59.3 billion, a 4.4% and 37.1% increase over 2021 and 2019, respectively. According to NMMA, an estimated 85 million Americans go boating each year.
According to the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (“BEA”), demand for recreational marine purchases has continued in 2022, as boating and fishing represent the second largest outdoor recreation activities in the U.S., with $32.4 billion in current-dollar value added to the economy.
Construction Quality: The Department of Housing and Urban Development's (“HUD”) standards for manufactured housing construction quality are the only federal standards governing housing quality of any type in the United States. Manufactured homes produced since 1976 have received a “red and silver” government seal certifying that they were built in compliance with the federal code. The code regulates manufactured home design and construction, strength and durability, fire resistance and energy efficiency and the installation and performance of heating, plumbing, air conditioning, thermal and electrical systems. In newer homes, top grade lumber and dry wall materials are common. Also, manufacturers are required to follow the same fire codes as builders of site-built structures. In 1994, following the devastation left by Hurricane Andrew, HUD introduced regulations that established different wind zones across the country. As a result, any homes set in place since 1994 must be able to withstand wind speeds of 70 miles per hour in Zone 1, 100 miles per hour in Zone 2 and 110 miles per hour in Zone 3. While most of the United States is designated wind Zone 1, areas most likely to be impacted by hurricanes are either Zone 2 or Zone 3.
Although construction of cottages, which are generally smaller homes, do not come under the same HUD regulations, they are built and certified in accordance with National Fire Protection Association (“NFPA”) 1192-15 and American National Standards Institute (“ANSI”) A119.5 consensus standards for park model recreational vehicles and have many of the same quality features. The RVIA operates a safety standards and inspection program that requires member manufacturers of all recreation vehicles, including park model RVs, to certify that each unit built complies with the requirements of the applicable standards.
Comparability to Site-Built Homes: Since inception, the manufactured housing industry has experienced a trend toward multi-section homes. The average current manufactured homes are approximately 1,471 square feet. Many such homes have nine-foot or vaulted ceilings, fireplaces and as many as four bedrooms and closely resemble single-family ranch-style site-built homes at a fraction of the price. At our Properties, there is an active resale or rental market for these larger homes. According to the 2020 U.S. Census American Community Survey, manufactured homes represent 7.5% of single-family housing units.
Second Home and Vacation Home Demographics: The National Association of Realtors (“NAR”) released their Vacation Home Counties Report in 2021, which indicated that vacation home sales surged throughout the pandemic. In 2020, vacation home sales rose by 16.4%, outpacing the 5.6% growth in total existing-home sales. The share of vacation home sales to total existing-home sales increased to 6.7% in the first four months of 2021, up from a 5% share in 2019.
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In 2020, the number of recent home buyers who own more than one home was 17%, up from 16% in 2019, according to NAR. NAR reports that owning more than one property was most common for buyers aged 65 years and older at 22%. Additionally, NAR reports that of second homebuyers from October 2015 through September 2020, 39% purchased in resort areas, 16% purchased in small towns and 15% purchased in rural areas. Looking ahead, we expect continued strong demand from baby boomers and Generation X. We believe these individuals will continue to drive the market for second-home sales as vacation properties, investment opportunities, or retirement retreats. We believe it is likely that over the next decade we will continue to see high levels of second-home sales and that manufactured homes and cottages in our Properties will continue to provide a viable second-home alternative to site-built homes.
Notwithstanding our belief that the industry information highlighted above provides us with significant long-term growth opportunities, our short-term growth opportunities could be disrupted by the following:
Shipments: According to statistics compiled by the U.S. Census Bureau, 2023 shipments of manufactured homes to dealers were closer to pre-pandemic levels with 89,200 shipments. 2022 shipments of manufactured homes to dealers appeared to be the highest in over a decade, marking the first time that shipments exceeded over 100,000 for two consecutive years. According to the RVIA, wholesale shipments of RVs for 2023 ended with 313,174 shipments. 2021 and 2022 represented two of the three highest years in terms of RV shipments.
MH & RV Annual Shipments.jpg

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1.Source: RVIA
2.U.S. Census: Manufactured Homes Survey

Sales: We believe consumers view RVs as a safe way to enjoy an active outdoor lifestyle, travel and see the country. While 2023 retail sales of RVs were 344,595, down approximately 14.8% from 2022, the enduring appeal of the RV lifestyle has translated into continued strength in RV sales, as 2021 marked the highest sales year for the industry at 516,565. RV sales could continue to benefit from the increased demand from the baby boomers and Millennials. Financing options are also available as RV dealers typically have relationships with third-party lenders, who provide financing for the purchase of a RV.
Availability of financing: Although RV financing is readily available, the economic and legislative environment has generally made it difficult for buyers of both manufactured homes and RVs to obtain financing. Legislation enacted in 2008 and effective in 2010, known as the SAFE Act (Secure and Fair Enforcement for Mortgage Licensing Act) requires community owners interested in providing financing to buyers of manufactured homes to register as mortgage loan originators in states where they engage in such financing. In comparison to financing available to buyers of site-
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built homes, the few third-party financing sources available to buyers of manufactured homes offer financing with higher down payments, higher rates and shorter maturities and loan approval is subject to more stringent underwriting criteria. See Item 1A. Risk Factors and our consolidated financial statements and related notes beginning on page F-1 of this Form 10-K for more detailed information.
Under the existing administration, the Federal Housing Finance Agency (the “FHFA”), overseer of Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac (the “GSEs”) and the Federal Home Loan Banks, has focused on equitable access to affordable and sustainable housing. In 2017, the FHFA published the Underserved Markets Plans for 2018-2020 (the “GSE Plans”) under the Duty-To-Serve (“DTS”) provisions mandated by the Federal Housing Enterprises Financial Safety and Soundness Act of 1992, as amended by the Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008. The GSEs subsequently added a 2021 Plan as a one-year extension and have since published their current 2022-2024 Plans.
The FHFA mandate requires the GSE Plans to address leadership in developing loan products and flexible underwriting guidelines in underserved markets to facilitate a secondary market for mortgages on manufactured homes titled as real property or personal property, blanket loans for certain categories of manufactured housing communities, preserving the affordability of housing for renters and homebuyers, and housing in rural markets.
While the FHFA and the current GSE 2022-24 DTS Plans may have a positive impact on the ability of our customers to obtain chattel financing, the actual impact on us, as well as the industry, cannot be determined at this time.
Available Information
We file reports electronically with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The SEC maintains a website that contains reports, proxy information and statements and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC at http://www.sec.gov. We also maintain a website with information about us as well as our press releases, investor presentations and filings with the SEC at http://www.equitylifestyleproperties.com, which can be accessed free of charge. We intend to post material on our website from time to time that contains material non-public information. The posting of such information is intended to comply with our disclosure requirements under Regulation Fair Disclosure. Accordingly, in addition to following our SEC filings and public conference calls, we encourage investors, the media and others interested in us to review the business and financial information we post on our website. The information contained on our website, or available by hyperlink from our website, is not incorporated into this Form 10-K or other documents we file with, or furnish to, the SEC. Requests for copies of our filings with the SEC and other investor inquiries should be directed to:
Investor Relations Department
Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
Two North Riverside Plaza
Chicago, Illinois 60606
Phone: 1-800-247-5279
e-mail: investor_relations@equitylifestyle.com


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Item 1A. Risk Factors
The following risk factors could cause our actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied in forward-looking statements made in this Form 10-K and presented elsewhere by our management from time to time. These risk factors may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, operating results and cash flows. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that are currently not believed to be material may also affect our actual results.
Risks Relating to Our Operations and Real Estate Investments
The Economic Performance and Value of Our Properties Are Subject to Risks Associated with the Real Estate Industry.
The economic performance and value of our Properties could be adversely affected by various factors, many of which are outside of our control. These factors include but are not limited to the following:
changes in the national, regional and/or local economies;
the attractiveness of our Properties to customers, competition from other MH and RV communities and lifestyle-oriented properties and marinas and alternative forms of housing (such as apartment buildings and site-built single-family homes);
the ability of MH, RV and boat manufacturers to adapt to changes in the economy and the availability of units from these manufacturers;
the ability of our potential customers to sell or lease their existing residences in order to purchase homes or cottages at our Properties, and heightened price sensitivity for seasonal and second homebuyers;
the ability of our potential customers to obtain financing on the purchase of manufactured homes and cottages, RVs and/or boats;
our ability to attract new customers and retain them for our membership subscriptions and upgrade sales business;
our ability to collect payments from customers and pay or control operating costs, including real estate taxes and insurance;
the ability of our assets to generate income sufficient to pay our expenses, service our debt and maintain our Properties;
our ability to diversify, reconfigure our portfolio promptly in response to changing economic or other conditions and sell our Properties timely due to the illiquid nature of real estate investments;
unfavorable weather conditions, especially on holiday weekends in the spring and summer months, which are peak business periods for our transient customers;
changes in climate and the occurrence of natural disasters or catastrophic events, including acts of war and terrorist attacks;
fluctuations in the exchange rate of the U.S. dollar to other currencies, primarily the Canadian dollar due to Canadian customers, who frequently visit our southern Properties;
changes in U.S. social, economic and political conditions, laws and governmental regulations, including policies governing rent control, fair and equitable access to housing, property zoning, taxation, minimum wages, chattel financing, health care, foreign trade, regulatory compliance, manufacturing, development and investment;
an inflationary environment in which the costs to operate and maintain our communities increase at a rate greater than our ability to increase rents;
a recession or economic downturn;
supply chain disruptions and tightening labor markets, which have affected and could affect our ability to obtain materials and skilled labor timely without incurring significant costs or delays for any development and expansion activities;
fiscal policies, instability or inaction at the U.S. federal government level, which may lead to federal government shutdowns or negative impacts on the U.S. economy;
adverse outcomes of litigation;
COVID-19, or other highly infectious or contagious diseases, which has had and could continue to have an adverse effect on our business; and
the realization of any other risk factors included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Changes in or the occurrence of any of these factors could adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations, market price of our common stock and our ability to make expected distributions to our stockholders or result in claims, including, but not limited to, foreclosure by a lender in the event of our inability to service our debt.



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Significant Inflation Could Negatively Impact Our Business.

Substantial inflationary pressures can adversely affect us by increasing the costs of materials, labor and other costs needed to operate our business. Higher construction costs could adversely impact our investments in real estate assets and our expected yields on development and value-add projects. In a highly inflationary environment, we may not be able to raise rental rates at or above the rate of inflation, which could reduce our profit margins. If we are unable to increase our rental prices to offset the effects of inflation, our business, results of operations, cash flows and financial condition could be adversely affected. In addition, interest rate increases enacted to combat inflation have caused market disruption and could continue to prevent us from acquiring or disposing of assets on favorable terms.

Inflation may also cause increased volatility in financial markets, which could affect our ability to access the capital markets or impact the cost or timing at which we are able to do so. To the extent our exposure to increases in interest rates on any of our debt is not eliminated through interest rate swaps and interest rate protection agreements, such increases will result in higher debt service costs, which will adversely affect our cash flows.

There is no guarantee that we will be able to mitigate the effects of inflation and related impacts, and the duration and extent of any prolonged periods of inflation, and any related adverse effects on our results of operations and financial condition, remain unknown at this time.

General Economic Conditions and Economic Downturns in Markets with a Large Concentration of Our Properties May Adversely Affect Our Financial Condition, Results of Operations, Cash Flows and Ability to Make Distributions.
Our success is dependent upon economic conditions in the U.S. generally and in the geographic areas where a substantial number of our Properties are located. Adverse macroeconomic conditions, including slow growth or recession, high unemployment, inflation, tighter credit, higher interest rates, and currency fluctuations, can adversely impact demand for our Properties. In a recession or under other adverse economic conditions, non-earning assets and write-downs are likely to increase as debtors fail to meet their payment obligations. Although we maintain reserves for credit losses in amounts that we believe are sufficient to provide adequate protection against potential write-downs in our portfolio, these amounts could prove to be insufficient. We are also exposed to the risks of downturns in the local economy or other local real estate market conditions. As we have a large concentration of Properties in certain markets, most notably Florida, Northeast, California and Arizona, which comprised 45.3%, 11.3%, 10.6% and 10.4%, respectively, of our total property operating revenue for the year ended December 31, 2023, adverse market and economic conditions in these areas could significantly affect factors, such as occupancy and rental rates and could have a significant impact on our financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and ability to make distributions.
Certain of Our Properties, Primarily Our RV Communities and Marinas, are Subject to Seasonality and Cyclicality.
Some of our RV communities and marinas are used primarily by vacationers and campers. These Properties experience seasonal demand, which generally increases in the spring and summer months and decreases in the fall and winter months. As such, results for a certain quarter may not be indicative of the results of future quarters. In addition, since our RV communities and marinas are primarily used by vacationers and campers, economic cyclicality resulting in a downturn that affects discretionary spending and disposable income for leisure-time activities could adversely affect our cash flows.
Our Properties May Not Be Readily Adaptable to Other Uses.
Properties in our portfolio, including marinas and certain RV communities, are specific-use properties and may contain features or assets that have limited alternative uses. These Properties may also have distinct operational functions that involve specific procedures and training. If the operations of any of those Properties becomes unprofitable due to industry competition, operational execution or otherwise, then it may not be feasible to operate that Property for another use and the value of certain features or assets used at that Property, or the Property itself, may be impaired. Should any of these events occur, our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows could be adversely impacted.
Competition for Acquisitions May Result in Increased Prices for Properties and Associated Costs and Increased Costs of Financing.
Other real estate investors with significant capital may compete with us for attractive investment opportunities. Such competition could increase prices for Properties and result in increased fixed costs, including real estate taxes. To the extent we are unable to effectively compete or acquire properties on favorable terms, our ability to expand our business could be adversely affected.
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New Acquisitions May Fail to Perform as Expected and the Intended Benefits May Not Be Realized, Which Could Have a Negative Impact on Our Operations and the Market Price of Our Common Stock.
We may continue to acquire Properties. However, newly acquired Properties may fail to perform as expected and could pose risks for our ongoing operations including the following:
integration may prove costly or time-consuming and may divert our attention from the management of daily operations;
we may be unable to access capital or we may encounter difficulties, such as increases in financing costs;
we may incur costs and expenses associated with undisclosed or potential liabilities;
we may experience a real estate tax re-assessment imposed by local governmental authorities that may result in higher real estate taxes than anticipated;
unforeseen difficulties may arise in integrating an acquisition into our portfolio;
expected synergies may not materialize; and
we may acquire properties in new markets where we face risks associated with lack of market knowledge, such as understanding of the local economy, the local government and/or local permit procedures.
As a result of the foregoing, we may not accurately estimate or identify all costs necessary to bring an acquired Property up to standards established for our intended market position. As such, we cannot provide assurance that any acquisition we make will be accretive to us in the near term or at all. Furthermore, if we fail to realize the intended benefits of an acquisition, the market price of our common stock could decline to the extent that the market price reflects those anticipated benefits.
Development and Expansion Properties May Fail to Perform as Expected and the Intended Benefits May Not Be Realized, Which Could Have a Negative Impact on Our Operations and the Market Price of Our Common Stock.
We may periodically consider development and expansion activities, which are subject to risks such as construction costs exceeding original estimates and construction and lease-up delays, resulting in increased costs and lower than expected revenues. The construction and building industry, similar to many other industries, is experiencing worldwide supply chain disruptions due to a multitude of factors that are beyond our control. As a result, we may be unable to complete our development or redevelopment projects timely and/or within our budget, which may affect our ability to lease to potential customers and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. To the extent we engage third-party contractors to complete development or expansion activities, there is no guarantee that they can complete these activities on time and in accordance with our plans and specifications. We may also be unable to obtain necessary entitlements and required governmental permits that could result in increased costs or the delay or abandonment of these activities. Additionally, there can be no assurance that these properties will operate better as a result of development or expansion activities due to various factors, including lower than anticipated occupancy and rental rates causing a property to be unprofitable or less profitable than originally estimated.
We Regularly Expend Capital to Maintain, Repair and Renovate Our Properties, Which Could Negatively Impact Our Financial Condition, Results of Operations and Cash Flows.
We have, and we may be required to, from time to time, make significant capital expenditures to maintain or enhance the competitiveness of our Properties, including infrastructure improvements. In addition, as most of our residents own their homes located in our Properties, the replacement, repairs and refurbishment of these homes may not be within our control. If our Properties are not as attractive to current and prospective customers as compared to the properties owned by our competitors, we could lose customers or suffer lower rental rates. There is no assurance that any capital expenditure would result in higher occupancy or higher rental rates. In addition, the price of commodities and skilled labor for our construction projects may increase unpredictably due to external factors, including supply chain disruptions. It is uncertain whether we would be able to source the essential commodities, supplies, materials, and skilled labor timely or at all without incurring significant costs or delays, particularly during times of economic uncertainty resulting from events outside of our control. To the extent that the expenditures exceed our available cash, we may need to secure new financing.
Our Ability to Renew Ground Leases Could Adversely Affect Our Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
We own the buildings and leasehold improvements at certain Properties that are subject to long-term ground leases. For various reasons, landowners may not want to renew the ground lease agreements with similar terms and conditions, if at all, which could adversely impact our ability to operate these Properties and generate revenues. As of December 31, 2023, we had 10 Properties in our portfolio subject to ground lease agreements for land.

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Our Ability to Sell or Rent Manufactured Homes Could Be Impaired, Resulting in Reduced Cash Flows.
Selling and renting homes is a primary part of our business. Our ability to sell or rent manufactured homes could be adversely affected by any of the following factors:
disruptions in the single-family housing market;
local conditions, such as an oversupply of lifestyle-oriented properties or a reduction in demand for lifestyle-oriented properties;
increased costs to acquire homes;
our ability to obtain an adequate supply of homes at reasonable costs from MH suppliers;
our ability to acquire or develop existing land suitable for home building;
the ability of customers to obtain affordable financing; and
demographics, such as the retirement of “baby boomers” and their demand for access to our lifestyle-oriented Properties.
Regulation of Chattel Financing May Affect Our Ability to Sell Homes.
Since 2010, the regulatory environment has made it difficult for purchasers of manufactured homes and RVs to obtain financing. The Secure and Fair Enforcement for Mortgage Licensing Act requires community owners interested in providing financing for customer purchases of manufactured homes to register as mortgage loan originators in states where they engage in such financing. In addition, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act amended the Truth in Lending Act and other consumer protection laws by adding requirements for residential mortgage loans, including limitations on mortgage origination activities, restrictions on high-cost mortgages and new standards for appraisals. The law also requires lenders to make a reasonable investigation into a borrower's ability to repay a loan. These requirements make it more difficult for homeowners to obtain affordable financing to obtain loans to purchase manufactured homes or RVs. Homeowners' ability to obtain affordable financing could affect our ability to sell homes.
Our Investments in Joint Ventures Could Be Adversely Affected by Our Lack of Sole Decision-Making Authority Regarding Major Decisions, Our Reliance on Our Joint Venture Partners' Financial Condition, Any Disputes That May Arise Between Us and Our Joint Venture Partners and Our Exposure to Potential Losses From the Actions of Our Joint Venture Partners.
We currently and may continue to acquire properties through or make investments in joint ventures with other persons or entities. Joint venture investments involve risks not present with respect to our wholly owned Properties, including the following:
Our joint venture partners may experience financial distress, become bankrupt or fail to fund their share of required capital contributions, which could delay construction or development of a property, increase our financial commitment to the joint venture or adversely impact the ongoing operations of the joint venture;
Our joint venture partners may have business interests or goals with respect to a property that conflict with our business interests and goals, which could increase the likelihood of disputes regarding the ownership, management or disposition of the property; and
We may be unable to take actions that are opposed by our joint venture partners under arrangements that require us to share decision-making authority over major decisions affecting the ownership or operation of the joint venture and any property owned by the joint venture, such as the sale or financing of the property or the making of additional capital contributions for the benefit of the venture.
At times we have entered into agreements providing for joint and several liability with our partners. Frequently, we and our partners may each have the right to trigger a buy-sell arrangement, which could cause us to sell our interest, or acquire our partners' interest, at a time when we otherwise would not have initiated such a transaction. Any of these risks could materially and adversely affect our ability to generate and recognize attractive returns on our joint venture investments, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and distributions to our stockholders.
There is a Risk of Accidents, Injuries or Outbreaks Occurring at Our Properties Which May Negatively Impact Our Operations.
While we maintain and promote safety at our Properties, there are inherent risks associated with certain features, assets and activities at our communities. An accident, injury or outbreak at any of our communities, particularly an accident, injury or outbreak involving the safety of our residents, guests and employees, may be associated with claims against us involving higher assertions of damages and/or higher public visibility. The occurrence of an accident, injury or outbreak at any of our communities could also cause damage to our brand or reputation, lead to loss of consumer confidence in us, reduce occupancy at our communities and negatively impact our results of operations.
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Our Success Depends on Our Talented Employees, Management, Directors and Key Personnel.
Our employees, management, directors and other key personnel have a significant role in our success. Our ability to attract, retain and motivate talented employees and directors could significantly impact our future performance. The loss of one or more members of our senior leadership team could materially and adversely affect us. Competition for these individuals is intense, and there is no assurance that we will retain our directors, key officers and employees or that we will be able to attract and retain other highly qualified individuals in the future.
Our Business Operations are Dependent on the Effective Operation of Technology.
We rely on software and computer systems to process and store information required for our business operations. Any disruption to these systems or to third-party vendors that maintain these systems could adversely affect our business operations. While we maintain and require our vendors to maintain appropriate back-up copies of our information, transitioning to a new system or vendor can be time-consuming and disruptive. Additionally, it is important for us to explore and evolve with new developments in technology to stay competitive. For example, our consumers rely on our technology platforms to make reservations; and therefore, these user interfaces must be understandable and easy to use. It may require investment of both time and expense to implement a new system or upgrade our existing technology. Interruptions to any of the above could lead to lost revenues, interruptions in our business operations and damage to our business reputation.
Public health crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, could materially and adversely impact or disrupt our business, including our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Pandemics, epidemics, or other public health crises, including the COVID-19 pandemic, have had and could in the future have significant repercussions across regional, national and global economies and financial markets. These events have caused and could in the future cause governmental and societal responses that are highly uncertain, and we cannot predict with confidence the impact a public health crisis would have on macroeconomic conditions, consumer behavior, cross-border travel, labor availability, credit and financing conditions, supply chain management, and local operations in impacted markets, all of which can materially and adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Risks Relating to Governmental Regulation and Potential Litigation
Changes to Federal and State Laws and Regulations Could Adversely Affect Our Operations and the Market Price of Our Common Stock.
Our Properties and business operations are subject to certain federal, state and local and foreign laws, regulations and policies. Compliance with laws and regulations that govern our operations may require significant expenditures or modifications of business plans that could have a detrimental effect on our Properties and operations. We do not know whether existing requirements will change or whether future requirements will develop, which may require us to spend additional amounts to comply with the regulations, or may restrict our ability to conduct our business operations in ways that are profitable. Failure to comply with these requirements could subject us to significant liability, including governmental fines or private litigation. There can be no assurance that the application of laws, regulations or policies will not occur in a manner that could have a detrimental effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Rent Control Legislation
Certain of our Properties are subject to state and local rent control regulations that dictate rent increases and our ability to recover increases in operating expenses and the costs of capital improvements. In addition, in certain jurisdictions, such regulations allow residents to sell their homes for a price that includes a premium above the intrinsic value of the homes. The premium represents the value of the future discounted rent-controlled rents, which is fully capitalized into the prices of the homes sold. In our view, such regulations result in a transfer to the residents of the value of our land, which would otherwise be reflected in market rents. As part of our effort to realize the value of Properties subject to restrictive regulation, we have initiated lawsuits at various times against various municipalities imposing such regulations in an attempt to balance the interests of our stockholders with the interests of our customers. In addition, we operate certain of our Properties and may acquire additional properties, in high cost markets where the demand for affordable housing may result in the adoption of new rent control legislation that may impact rent increases.
We also own Properties in certain areas of the country where rental rates at our Properties have not increased as fast as real estate values either because of locally imposed rent control or long term leases. In such areas, certain local government entities have at times investigated the possibility of seeking to take our Properties by eminent domain at values below the value of the underlying land. While no such eminent domain proceeding has been commenced and we anticipate exercising all of our
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rights in connection with any such proceeding, successful condemnation proceedings by municipalities could adversely affect our financial condition.
Resident groups have previously filed lawsuits against us seeking to limit rent increases and/or seeking large damage awards for our alleged failure to properly maintain certain Properties or other resident related matters. An adverse finding against us in any such proceeding could materially and adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition and distributions to our stockholders.
Occupational, Safety and Health Act
Our Properties are subject to regulation under the federal Occupational, Safety and Health Act (“OSHA”), which requires employers to provide employees with an environment free from hazards, such as exposure to toxic chemicals, excessive noise levels, mechanical dangers, heat or cold stress and unsanitary conditions. Although we believe that our Properties are in compliance in all material respects with applicable requirements, complying with OSHA and similar laws can be costly and any failure to comply with these regulations could result in penalties or potential litigation.
Americans with Disabilities Act
Under the Americans with Disabilities Act (“ADA”), all public accommodations and commercial facilities must meet certain federal requirements related to access and use by disabled persons. Although we believe that our Properties are in compliance in all material respects with applicable requirements, noncompliance with the ADA or related laws or regulations could result in the U.S. government imposing fines or private litigants being awarded damages against us. Such costs may adversely affect our ability to make distributions or payments to our investors. Compliance with the ADA requirements could involve removal of structural barriers to access or use by disabled persons. Other federal, state and local laws may require modifications to or restrict further renovations of our Properties with respect to such access or use.
Additionally, Title III of the ADA has been interpreted by the U.S. courts to include websites as “places of public accommodations”. For our websites to be ADA compliant, they must be accessible. While no laws have been passed related to website accessibility, the recognized de facto standard in the U.S. is the Web Content Accessibility Guideline. We may incur costs to make our websites ADA compliant or face litigation if they are not compliant.
Laws and Regulations Relating to Campground Membership Sales and Properties Could Adversely Affect the Value of Certain Properties and Our Cash Flows.
Many of the states in which we operate have laws regulating campground membership sales and properties. These laws generally require comprehensive disclosure to prospective purchasers and usually give purchasers the right to rescind their purchase between three to five days after the date of sale. Some states have laws requiring us to register with a state agency and obtain a permit to market. We are subject to changes, from time to time, in the application or interpretation of such laws that can affect our business or the rights of our members.
In some states, including California, Oregon and Washington, laws place limitations on the ability of the owner of a campground property to close the property unless the customers at the property receive access to a comparable property. The impact of the rights of customers under these laws is uncertain and could adversely affect the availability or timing of sale opportunities or our ability to realize recoveries from Property sales.
Certain consumer rights and defenses that vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction may affect our portfolio of contracts receivable. Examples of such laws include state and federal consumer credit and truth-in-lending laws requiring the disclosure of finance charges and usury and retail installment sales laws regulating permissible finance charges.
Litigation Risk Could Materially and Adversely Affect Our Business.
We are involved and may continue to be involved in legal proceedings, claims, class actions, inquiries and investigations relating to our operations, corporate transactions, dispositions and investments and otherwise in the ordinary course of business. These legal proceedings may include, but are not limited to, proceedings related to consumer, shareholder, securities, anticompetitive, antitrust, employment, environmental, development, tort, eviction and commercial legal issues. Litigation can be lengthy and expensive, and it can divert management's and our Directors' attention and resources away from our business. We cannot provide any assurance regarding the outcome of any claims, and an unfavorable outcome in litigation could result in liability material to our financial condition or results of operations. We cannot provide any assurance regarding the outcome of any claims that may arise in the future. We also have agreed to indemnify our present and former Directors and Officers in connection with litigation in which they are named or threatened to be named as a party in their capacity as Directors and
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Officers. Any judgments, fines or settlements that exceed our insurance coverage and any indemnification costs that we are required to pay could materially and adversely affect us.
Environmental Risks
Natural Disasters Have and Could in the Future Adversely Affect the Value of Our Properties, Our Financial Condition, Results of Operations and Cash Flows.
We are subject to risks associated with natural disasters, including but not limited to hurricanes, storms, fires and earthquakes. As of December 31, 2023, we owned or had an ownership interest in 451 Properties, including 136 Properties and 19 marinas located in Florida and 49 Properties located in California. The occurrence of a natural disaster or other catastrophic event in any of these areas may cause a sudden decrease in the value of our Properties and result in an adverse effect to our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Climate Change May Adversely Affect Our Business.
Climate change could increase the frequency and severity of natural disasters and change weather patterns. Our markets could experience increases in storm intensity, frequency and magnitude of hurricanes, wildfires, rising sea levels, drought and changes to precipitation and temperatures. The physical effects of climate change could have a material adverse effect on our properties, operations and business. If there are prolonged disruptions at our properties due to extreme weather or natural disasters, our results of operations and financial condition could be materially adversely affected. Our properties are dependent on state and local utility infrastructure for delivery of energy, water supply and/or other utilities. We do not control investment in that infrastructure and the condition of the infrastructure and supply of the utilities may not be sufficient to handle impact resulting from climate change. Over time, these conditions could result in increased incidents of physical damage to our Properties, declining demand for our Properties and increased difficulties operating them. Climate change, natural disasters and changing weather patterns may also have indirect effects on our business by increasing the cost of (or making unavailable) insurance on terms we find acceptable, increasing the cost of (or making unavailable) energy, water supply and other utilities at our Properties and requiring us to expend funds as we seek to repair and protect our Properties against such risks.
In addition, changes in federal, state and local legislation and regulation may require increased capital expenditures at our Properties. Additionally, these capital expenditures may or may not result in lower on-going expenses or make an impact on the desirability of our Properties and our ability to attract high quality residents and guests. Any such losses, increases in costs or business interruptions could adversely affect our financial condition and operating results.
Environmental and Utility-Related Problems are Possible and Can Be Costly.
Federal, state and local laws and regulations relating to the protection of the environment may require a current or previous owner or operator of real property to pay fines and penalties and investigate and clean up hazardous or toxic substances, including lead or petroleum product releases at such property. The owner or operator may have to pay a governmental entity or third parties for property damage and for investigation and clean-up costs incurred by such parties in connection with the contamination. Properties containing lead may require removal of the material. This can be costly and, if the lead infiltrates the groundwater or other water supply, further remediation may be necessary. Such laws typically impose clean-up responsibility and liability without regard to whether the owner or operator knew of or caused the presence of the contaminants. Even if more than one person may have been responsible for the contamination, each person covered by the applicable laws may be held responsible for all of the clean-up costs incurred. In addition, third parties could sue the owner or operator of a site for damages and costs resulting from environmental contamination emanating from that site.
Environmental laws also govern the presence, maintenance and removal of environmental contamination, including asbestos, wastewater discharge and oil spills. Such laws require that owners or operators of properties containing hazardous or toxic substances to properly manage them, including, but not limited to, requirements to notify and train relevant persons to take special precautions, and to remove or otherwise abate the contaminant. Such laws may impose fines and penalties on real property owners or operators who fail to comply with these requirements and may allow third parties to seek recovery from owners or operators for personal injury associated with exposure to the contaminant. Moreover, certain of our marinas are located on waterways that are subject to federal laws, including the Clean Water Act and the Oil Pollution Act, as well as analogous state laws regulating navigable waters, oil pollution, adverse impacts to fish and wildlife, and other matters. For example, under the Oil Pollution Act, owners and operators of vessels and onshore facilities may be subject to liability for removal costs and damages arising from an oil spill in waters of the United States.
Utility-related laws and regulations also govern the provision of utility services. Such laws regulate, for example, how and to what extent owners or operators of property can charge renters for provision of utilities. Such laws also regulate the
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operations and performance of utility systems and may impose fines and penalties on real property owners or operators who fail to comply with these requirements. The regulations may also require capital investment to maintain compliance.
Stakeholder Evaluations of ESG Matters May Impact Our Ability to Attract Investors and Could Have a Negative Impact on Our Reputation.
Evaluations of ESG Matters are important to investors and other stakeholders, and there is an increased focus on such matters by various regulatory authorities, including the SEC and the state of California. ESG assessments by certain organizations that provide corporate governance and other corporate risk advisory services to investors provide scores and ratings to evaluate companies based upon publicly available information. In addition, investors, particularly institutional investors, may use ESG or sustainability scores to benchmark companies against their peers. The methodologies by which ESG Matters are assessed may vary among evaluators and regulatory authorities. The activities and expense required to comply with new and varying criteria, laws, regulations or standards may be significant. Some investors focus on disclosures of ESG-related business practices and scores when choosing to allocate their capital and may consider a company's score in making an investment decision. Although we have undertaken and continue to pursue ESG initiatives and disclosures, there can be no assurance that we will score highly on ESG Matters across evaluators in the future. In addition, the criteria by which companies are rated may change, which could cause the Company to score differently or worse than it has in the past and may result in investors deciding to refrain from investing in us and/or result in a negative perception of the Company, all of which could have an adverse impact on the price of our securities.
Risks Relating to Debt and the Financial Markets
Our Substantial Indebtedness Could Adversely Affect Our Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
Our business is subject to risks normally associated with debt financing. The total principal amount of our outstanding indebtedness was approximately $3,548.1 million as of December 31, 2023, of which $31.0 million, or 0.87%, is related to our line of credit and $90.5 million of secured debt, or 2.55%, matures in 2025 (with no secured or unsecured loans maturing in 2024). Our substantial indebtedness and the cash flows associated with serving our indebtedness could have important consequences, including the risks that:
our cash flows could be insufficient to pay distributions at expected levels and meet required payments of principal and interest;
we might be required to use a substantial portion of our cash flows from operations to pay our indebtedness, thereby reducing the availability of our cash flows to fund the implementation of our business strategy, acquisitions, capital expenditures and other general corporate purposes;
our debt service obligations could limit our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and the industry in which we operate;
terms of refinancing may not be as favorable as the terms of existing indebtedness, resulting in higher interest rates that could adversely affect net income, cash flows and our ability to service debt and make distributions to stockholders;
if principal payments due at maturity cannot be refinanced, extended or paid with proceeds of other capital transactions, such as new equity capital, our cash flows may not be sufficient in all years to repay all maturing debt; and
to the extent that any Property is cross-collateralized with any other Properties, any default under the mortgage note relating to one Property could result in a default under the financing arrangements relating to other Properties that also provide security for that mortgage note or are cross-collateralized with such mortgage note.
Our Ability to Obtain Mortgage Financing or Refinance Maturing Mortgages May Adversely Affect Our Financial Condition.
Lenders' demands on borrowers as to the quality of the collateral and related cash flows may make it challenging to secure financing on attractive terms or at all. Market factors including increases in the U.S. federal reserve funds rate may result in increases in market interest rates, which could increase the costs of refinancing existing indebtedness or obtaining new debt.
Additionally, disruptions in capital and credit markets, including potential reforms to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, could impact both the capacity and liquidity of lenders, resulting in financing terms that are less attractive to us and/or the unavailability of certain types of debt financing. This could have an adverse effect on our ability to refinance maturing debt, react to changing economic and business conditions or access capital necessary to fund business operations, including the acquisition or expansion of properties.

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Financial Covenants Could Adversely Affect Our Financial Condition.
If a Property is mortgaged to secure payment of indebtedness and we are unable to meet mortgage payments, the mortgagee could foreclose on the Property, resulting in loss of income and asset value. The mortgages on our Properties contain customary negative covenants, which among other things limit our ability, without the prior consent of the lender, to further mortgage the Property and to discontinue insurance coverage. In addition, our unsecured credit facilities contain certain customary restrictions, requirements and other limitations on our ability to incur indebtedness, including total debt-to-assets ratios, debt service coverage ratios and minimum ratios of unencumbered assets to unsecured debt. Foreclosure on mortgaged Properties or an inability to refinance existing indebtedness would likely have a negative impact on our financial condition and results of operations.
Our Degree of Leverage Could Limit Our Ability to Obtain Additional Financing.
Our debt-to-market-capitalization ratio (total debt as a percentage of total debt plus the market value of the outstanding common stock and OP Units held by parties other than us) was approximately 20.5% as of December 31, 2023. The degree of leverage could have important consequences to stockholders, including an adverse effect on our ability to obtain additional financing in the future for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions, development or other general corporate purposes and could make us more vulnerable to a downturn in business or the economy generally.
We May Be Able to Incur Substantially More Debt, Which Would Increase the Risks Associated With Our Substantial Leverage.
Despite our current indebtedness levels, we may still be able to incur substantially more debt in the future. If new debt is added to our current debt levels, an even greater portion of our cash flow will be needed to satisfy our debt service obligations. As a result, the related risks that we now face could intensify and increase the risk of a default on our indebtedness.
Risks Related to Our Company Ownership
Provisions of Our Charter and Bylaws Could Inhibit Changes of Control.
Certain provisions of our charter and bylaws may delay or prevent a change of control or other transactions that could provide our stockholders with a premium over the then-prevailing market price of their common stock or future series of preferred stock, if any, which might otherwise be in the best interest of our stockholders. These include the Ownership Limit described below and advance notice requirements for shareholder proposals and nomination of directors. Also, any future series of preferred stock may have certain voting provisions that could delay or prevent a change of control or other transaction that might involve a premium price or otherwise be beneficial to our stockholders.
Maryland Law Imposes Certain Limitations on Changes of Control.
Certain provisions of the Maryland General Corporation Law (“MGCL”) prohibit “business combinations” (including certain issuances of equity securities) with any person who beneficially owns 10% or more of the voting power of our outstanding common stock, or with an affiliate of ours, who, at any time within the two-year period prior to the date in question, was the owner of 10% or more of the voting power of our outstanding voting stock (an “Interested Stockholder”), or with an affiliate of an Interested Stockholder. These prohibitions last for five years after the most recent date on which the Interested Stockholder became an Interested Stockholder. After the five-year period, a business combination with an Interested Stockholder must be approved by two super-majority stockholder votes unless, among other conditions, our common stockholders receive a minimum price for their shares and the consideration is received in cash or in the same form as previously paid by the Interested Stockholder for shares of our common stock. The Board of Directors has exempted from these provisions under Maryland law any business combination with certain holders of OP Units who received them at the time of our initial public offering and our officers who acquired common stock at the time we were formed and each and every affiliate of theirs.
Additionally, Subtitle 8 of Title 3 of the MGCL permits our Board of Directors, without stockholder approval and regardless of what is currently provided in our charter or bylaws, to elect to be subject to certain provisions relating to corporate governance that may have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a transaction or a change of control of our company that might involve a premium to the market price of our common stock or otherwise be in our stockholders’ best interests. These provisions include a classified board; two-thirds vote to remove a director; that the number of directors may only be fixed by the Board of Directors; that vacancies on the board as a result of an increase in the size of the board or due to death, resignation or removal can only be filled by the board and the director appointed to fill the vacancy serves for the remainder of the full term of the class of director in which the vacancy occurred and a majority requirement for the calling by stockholders of special meetings. Through provisions in our charter and bylaws unrelated to Subtitle 8, we already (a) require a two-thirds vote
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for the removal of any director from the board and (b) vest in the board the exclusive power to fix the number of directorships provided that, if there is stock outstanding and so long as there are three or more stockholders, the number is not less than three. In the future, our Board of Directors may elect, without stockholder approval, to make us subject to the provisions of Subtitle 8 to which we are not currently subject.
Our Board of Directors has power to adopt, alter or repeal any provision of our bylaws or make new bylaws, provided, however, that our stockholders may, with certain exceptions, alter or repeal any provision of our bylaws and adopt new bylaws if any such alteration, repeal or adoption is approved by the affirmative vote of a majority of all votes entitled to be cast on the matter.
Changes in Our Investment and Financing Policies May Be Made Without Stockholder Approval.
Our investment and financing policies and our policies with respect to certain other activities, including our growth, debt, capitalization, distributions, REIT status and operating policies, are determined by our Board of Directors. Although our Board of Directors has no present intention to do so, these policies may be amended or revised from time to time at the discretion of our Board of Directors without notice to or a vote of our stockholders. Accordingly, stockholders may not have control over changes in our policies and changes in our policies may not fully serve the interests of all stockholders.
Our Business Ethics and Conduct Policy May Not Adequately Address All Actual or Perceived Conflicts of Interest That May Arise With Respect to Our Activities.
In order to avoid any actual or perceived conflicts of interest involving any of our Board of Directors, our officers or our employees, we have a business ethics and conduct policy to specifically manage and address some of the potential conflicts relating to our activities. Although under this policy, specified transactions, agreements and relationships involving members of our Board of Directors, officers or employees must be approved pursuant to the terms of the policy, there is no assurance that this policy will be adequate to address all of the conflicts that may arise or will address such conflicts in a manner that is favorable to us. It is possible that actual, potential or perceived conflicts could give rise to investor dissatisfaction or litigation or regulatory enforcement actions. If we fail, or appear to fail, to identify, disclose and appropriately address potential conflicts of interest, there could be an adverse effect on our business or reputation regardless of whether any such claims have merit.
Risks Relating to Our Common Stock
We Depend on Our Subsidiaries' Dividends and Distributions.
Substantially all of our assets are owned indirectly by the Operating Partnership. As a result, we have no source of cash flows other than distributions from our Operating Partnership. For us to pay dividends to holders of our common stock, the Operating Partnership must first distribute cash to us. Before it can distribute the cash, our Operating Partnership must first satisfy its obligations to its creditors.
Market Interest Rates May Have an Effect on the Value of Our Common Stock.
One of the factors that investors consider important in deciding whether to buy or sell shares of a REIT is the distribution rates with respect to such shares (as a percentage of the price of such shares) relative to market interest rates. If market interest rates increase, prospective purchasers of REIT shares may expect a higher distribution rate. Higher interest rates would not, however, result in more of our funds to distribute and, in fact, would likely increase our borrowing costs and potentially decrease funds available for distribution. Thus, higher market interest rates could cause the market price of our publicly traded securities to go down.
Issuances or Sales of Our Common Stock May Be Dilutive.
The issuance or sale of substantial amounts of our common stock could have a dilutive effect on our actual and expected earnings per share, FFO per share and Normalized Funds from Operations (“Normalized FFO”) per share. We have in the past and may in the future sell shares of our common stock under an ATM equity offering program from time-to-time. The actual amount of dilution cannot be determined at this time and would be dependent upon numerous factors which are not currently known to us.
Our Share Price Could Be Volatile and Could Decline, Resulting in A Substantial or Complete Loss on Our Stockholders’ Investment.
We list our common stock on the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”) and our common stock could experience significant price and volume fluctuations. Investors in our common stock may experience a decrease in the value of their shares,
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including decreases unrelated to our operating performance or prospects. The price of our common stock could be subject to wide fluctuations in response to a number of factors, including:
issuances of other equity securities in the future, including new series or classes of preferred stock;
our operating performance and the performance of other similar companies;
our ability to maintain compliance with covenants contained in our debt facilities;
actual or anticipated variations in our operating results, funds from operations, cash flows or liquidity;
changes in expectations of future financial performance or changes in our earnings estimates or those of analysts;
changes in our distribution policy;
publication of research reports about us or the real estate industry generally;
increases in market interest rates that lead purchasers of our common stock to demand a higher dividend yield;
changes in market valuations of similar companies;
adverse market reaction to the amount of our debt outstanding at any time, the amount of our debt maturing in the near-term and medium-term and our ability to refinance our debt, or our plans to incur additional debt in the future;
additions or departures of key employees, management, directors and other key personnel;
speculation in the press or investment community;
equity issuances by us, or share resales by our stockholders or the perception that such issuances or resales may occur;
addition to, or removal from, market indexes used by investors to make investment decisions;
actions by institutional stockholders; and
general market and economic conditions.
Many of the factors listed above are beyond our control. Those factors may cause the market price of our common stock to decline significantly, regardless of our financial condition, results of operations and prospects. It is impossible to provide any assurance that the market price of our common stock will not fall in the future, and it may be difficult for holders to resell shares of our common stock at prices they find attractive, or at all. In the past, securities class action litigation has often been instituted against companies following periods of volatility in their stock price. This type of litigation could result in substantial costs and divert our management’s attention and resources.
Risks Relating to REITs and Income Taxes
We are Dependent on External Sources of Capital.
To qualify as a REIT, we must distribute to our stockholders each year at least 90% of our REIT taxable income (determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding any net capital gain). In addition, we intend to distribute all or substantially all of our net income so that we will generally not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on our earnings. Because of these distribution requirements, it is not likely that we will be able to fund all future capital needs, including acquisitions, from income from operations. We therefore will have to rely on third-party sources of debt and equity capital financing, which may or may not be available on favorable terms or at all. Our access to third-party sources of capital depends on a number of things, including conditions in the capital markets generally and the market's perception of our growth potential and our current and potential future earnings. It may be difficult for us to meet one or more of the requirements for qualification as a REIT, including but not limited to our distribution requirement. Moreover, additional equity offerings may result in substantial dilution of stockholders' interests and additional debt financing may substantially increase our leverage.
We Have a Stock Ownership Limit for REIT Tax Purposes.
To remain qualified as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes, not more than 50% in value of our outstanding shares of capital stock may be owned, directly or indirectly, by five or fewer individuals (as defined in the federal income tax laws applicable to REITs) at any time during the last half of any taxable year. To facilitate maintenance of our REIT qualification, our charter, subject to certain exceptions, prohibits Beneficial Ownership (as defined in our charter) by any single stockholder of more than 5% (in value or number of shares, whichever is more restrictive) of our outstanding capital stock. We refer to this as the “Ownership Limit”. Within certain limits, our charter permits the Board of Directors to increase the Ownership Limit with respect to any class or series of stock. The Board of Directors, upon receipt of a ruling from the IRS, opinion of counsel, or other evidence satisfactory to the Board of Directors and upon 15 days prior written notice of a proposed transfer which, if consummated, would result in the transferee owning shares in excess of the Ownership Limit, and upon such other conditions as the Board of Directors may direct, may exempt a stockholder from the Ownership Limit. Absent any such exemption, capital stock acquired or held in violation of the Ownership Limit will be transferred by operation of law to us as trustee for the benefit of the person to whom such capital stock is ultimately transferred and the stockholder's rights to distributions and to vote would terminate. Such stockholder would be entitled to receive, from the proceeds of any subsequent sale of the capital stock we transferred as trustee, the lesser of (i) the price paid for the capital stock or, if the owner did not pay for the capital stock (for example, in the case of a gift, devise or other such transaction), the market price of the capital stock on
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the date of the event causing the capital stock to be transferred to us as trustee or (ii) the amount realized from such sale. A transfer of capital stock may be void if it causes a person to violate the Ownership Limit. The Ownership Limit could delay or prevent a change in control of us and therefore, could adversely affect our stockholders' ability to realize a premium over the then-prevailing market price for their common stock or adversely affect the best interest of our stockholders.
Our Qualification as a REIT Is Dependent on Compliance with U.S. Federal Income Tax Requirements.
We believe we have been organized and operated in a manner so as to qualify for taxation as a REIT and we intend to continue to operate so as to qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Our current and continuing qualification as a REIT depends on our ability to meet the various requirements imposed by the Code, which relate to organizational structure, distribution levels, diversity of stock ownership and certain restrictions with regard to owned assets and categories of income. If we qualify for taxation as a REIT, we are generally not subject to U.S. federal income tax on our taxable income that is distributed to our stockholders. However, qualification as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes is governed by highly technical and complex provisions of the Code for which there are only limited judicial or administrative interpretations. In connection with certain transactions, we have received, and relied upon, advice of counsel as to the impact of such transactions on our qualification as a REIT. Our qualification as a REIT requires analysis of various facts and circumstances that may not be entirely within our control and we cannot provide any assurance that the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) will agree with our analysis or the analysis of our tax counsel. In particular, the proper U.S. federal income tax treatment of right-to-use membership contracts and rental income from certain short-term stays at RV communities is uncertain and there is no assurance that the IRS will agree with our treatment of such contracts or rental income. If the IRS were to disagree with our analysis or our tax counsel's analysis of various facts and circumstances, our ability to qualify as a REIT could be adversely affected.
In addition, legislation, new regulations, administrative interpretations or court decisions might significantly change the tax laws with respect to the requirements for qualification as a REIT or the U.S. federal income tax consequences of qualification as a REIT.
If, with respect to any taxable year, we failed to maintain our qualification as a REIT (and if specified relief provisions under the Code were not applicable to such disqualification), we would be disqualified from treatment as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year during which qualification was lost. If we lost our REIT status, we could not deduct distributions to stockholders in computing our net taxable income at regular corporate rates and we would be subject to U.S. federal income tax on our net taxable incomes. If we had to pay U.S. federal income tax, the amount of money available to distribute to stockholders and pay indebtedness would be reduced for the year or years involved and we would no longer be required to distribute money to stockholders. Although we currently intend to operate in a manner designed to allow us to qualify as a REIT, future economic, market, legal, tax or other considerations may cause us to revoke the REIT election.
Furthermore, we own a direct interest in a subsidiary REIT and in the past we have owned interests in other subsidiary REITs, each of which elected to be taxed as REITs under Sections 856 through 860 of the Code. Provided that each subsidiary REIT that we own qualifies as a REIT, our interest in such subsidiary REIT will be treated as a qualifying real estate asset for purposes of the REIT asset tests and any dividend income or gains derived by us from such subsidiary REIT will generally be treated as income that qualifies for purposes of the REIT gross income tests. To qualify as a REIT, the subsidiary REIT must independently satisfy all of the REIT qualification requirements. If such subsidiary REIT were to fail to qualify as a REIT and certain relief provisions did not apply, it would be treated as a regular taxable corporation and its income would be subject to U.S. federal income tax. In addition, a failure of the subsidiary REIT to qualify as a REIT could have an adverse effect on our ability to comply with the REIT income and asset tests and thus our ability to qualify as a REIT.
We May Pay Some Taxes, Reducing Cash Available for Stockholders.
Even if we qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes, we may be subject to some U.S. federal, foreign, state and local taxes on our income and property. Since January 1, 2001, certain of our corporate subsidiaries have elected to be treated as “taxable REIT subsidiaries” for U.S. federal income tax purposes and are taxable as regular corporations and subject to certain limitations on intercompany transactions. If tax authorities determine that amounts paid by our taxable REIT subsidiaries to us are greater than what would be paid under similar arrangements among unrelated parties, we could be subject to a 100% penalty tax on the excess payments and ongoing intercompany arrangements could have to change, resulting in higher ongoing tax payments. To the extent we are required to pay U.S. federal, foreign, state or local taxes or U.S. federal penalty taxes due to existing laws or changes to them, we will have less cash available for distribution to our stockholders.
Dividends Payable by REITs Generally Do Not Qualify For the Reduced Tax Rates Available For Some Dividends, Which May Negatively Affect the Value of Our Shares.
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Income from “qualified dividends” payable to U.S. stockholders that are individuals, trusts and estates are generally subject to tax at preferential rates, currently at a maximum federal rate of 20%. Dividends payable by REITs, however, generally are not eligible for the preferential tax rates applicable to qualified dividend income. Under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, or the TCJA, however, U.S. stockholders that are individuals, trusts and estates generally may deduct up to 20% of the ordinary dividends (e.g., dividends not designated as capital gain dividends or qualified dividend income) received from a REIT for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017 and before January 1, 2026. Although this deduction reduces the effective tax rate applicable to certain dividends paid by REITs (generally to 29.6% assuming the shareholder is subject to the 37% maximum rate), such tax rate is still higher than the tax rate applicable to corporate dividends that constitute qualified dividend income. Accordingly, investors who are individuals, trusts and estates may perceive investments in REITs to be relatively less attractive than investments in the stocks of non-REIT corporations that pay dividends, which could materially and adversely affect the value of the shares of REITs, including the per share trading price of our common stock.
Partnership Tax Audit Rules Could Have a Material Adverse Effect on Us.
The Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015 changed the rules applicable to U.S. federal income tax audits of partnerships. Under the rules, effective for taxable years beginning in 2018, among other changes and subject to certain exceptions, any audit adjustment to items of income, gain, loss, deduction, or credit of a partnership (and a partner's allocable share thereof) is determined and taxes, interest and penalties attributable thereto are assessed and collected, at the partnership level. Unless the partnership makes an election permitted under the new law or takes certain steps to require the partners to pay their tax on their allocable shares of the adjustment, it is possible that partnerships in which we directly or indirectly invest, including the Operating Partnership, would be required to pay additional taxes, interest and penalties as a result of an audit adjustment. We, as a direct or indirect partner of the Operating Partnership and other partnerships, could be required to bear the economic burden of those taxes, interest and penalties even though` the Company, as a REIT, may not otherwise have been required to pay additional corporate-level tax. The changes created by these rules are significant for collecting tax in partnership audits and accordingly, there can be no assurance that these rules will not have a material adverse effect on us.
We May be Subject to Adverse Legislative or Regulatory Tax Changes That Could Reduce the Market Price of Our Outstanding Common or Preferred Shares.
The IRS, the United States Treasury Department and Congress frequently review U.S. federal income tax legislation, regulations and other guidance. We cannot predict whether, when or to what extent new U.S. federal tax laws, regulations, interpretations or rulings will be adopted. Any legislative action may prospectively or retroactively modify our tax treatment and therefore, may adversely affect our taxation or our Company's shareholders. We urge you to consult with your tax advisor with respect to the status of legislative, regulatory or administrative developments and proposals and their potential effect on an investment in our stock. Although REITs generally receive certain tax advantages compared to entities taxed as “C” corporations, it is possible that future legislation would result in a REIT having fewer tax advantages and it could become more advantageous for a company that invests in real estate to elect to be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a “C” corporation.
Other Risk Factors Affecting Our Business
We May Identify Material Weaknesses in the Future or Otherwise Fail to Establish and Maintain Effective Internal Control Over Financial Reporting, Which Could Have a Material Adverse Effect on Our Business and Stock Price.

We are subject to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended (the “Sarbanes-Oxley Act”), which requires us to maintain internal control over financial reporting and to report any material weaknesses in such internal control. In addition, our independent registered public accounting firm is required to express an opinion on our internal control over financial reporting based on their audit.

We can give no assurance that additional material weaknesses or restatements of financial results will not arise in the future due to a failure to implement and maintain adequate internal control over financial reporting or circumvention of these controls. In the future, our internal controls may not be adequate to prevent or identify irregularities or errors or to facilitate the fair presentation of our consolidated financial statements, and there is risk that a material misstatement of our annual or quarterly financial statements may not be prevented or detected. A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the control system’s objectives will be met.

Any failure to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting could adversely impact our ability to report our financial position and results of operations on a timely and accurate basis. If our financial statements are inaccurate, investors may not have a complete understanding of our operations. Likewise, if our financial statements are not filed on a timely basis,
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we could be subject to sanctions or investigations by the NYSE, the SEC or other regulatory authorities. In either case, there could be an adverse affect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Ineffective internal control over financial reporting could also cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information, which could have a negative effect on the trading price of our stock.

We May Face Litigation and Other Risks as a Result of the Classification Error and Related Material Weakness in Our Internal Control Over Financial Reporting.

As a result of the classification error and related material weakness described in Part II, Item 9A. Controls and Procedures, we face the potential for litigation or other disputes which may include, among others, claims invoking the federal and state securities laws, and contractual or other claims arising from the restatement, material weakness, and the preparation of our financial statements. As of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, we have no knowledge of any such litigation or dispute arising due to the restatement or material weakness. However, we can provide no assurance that any litigation or dispute will not arise in the future. Any litigation or dispute, whether successful or not, could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Some Potential Losses Are Not Covered by Insurance.
We carry comprehensive insurance coverage for losses resulting from property damage and environmental liability and business interruption claims on all of our Properties. In addition, we carry liability coverage for other activities not specifically related to property operations. These coverages include, but are not limited to, Directors & Officers liability, Employment Practices liability, Fiduciary liability and Cyber liability. We believe that the policy specifications and coverage limits of these policies should be adequate and appropriate given the relative risk of loss, the cost of insurance and industry practice. There are, however, certain types of losses, such as punitive damages, lease and other contract claims that generally are not insured. Should an uninsured loss or a loss in excess of coverage limits occur, we could lose all or a portion of the capital we have invested in a Property or the anticipated future revenue from a Property. In such an event, we might nevertheless remain obligated for any mortgage debt or other financial obligations related to the Property.
Our current property and casualty insurance policies with respect to our MH and RV Properties, which we plan to renew, expire on April 1, 2024. We have a $125.0 million per occurrence limit with respect to our MH and RV all-risk property insurance program, which includes approximately $50.0 million of coverage per occurrence for named windstorms, which include, for example, hurricanes. The loss limit is subject to additional sub-limits as set forth in the policy form, including, among others, a $25.0 million aggregate loss limit for earthquake(s) in California. The deductibles for this policy primarily range from $500,000 minimum to 5% per unit of insurance for most catastrophic events. For most catastrophic events, there is an additional one-time aggregate deductible of $10.0 million, which is capped at $5.0 million per occurrence. We have separate insurance policies with respect to our marina Properties. Those casualty policies will expire on November 1, 2024, and the property insurance program, which we plan to renew, expires on April 1, 2024. The marina property insurance program has a $25.0 million per occurrence limit, subject to self-insurance and a minimum deductible of $100,000 plus, for named windstorms, 5% per unit of insurance subject to a $500,000 minimum. A deductible indicates our maximum exposure, subject to policy limits and sub-limits, in the event of a loss.
We Face Risks Relating to Cybersecurity Incidents and Privacy Laws.
We rely extensively on internally and externally hosted computer systems to process transactions, manage the privacy and security of data, including customer data, and operate our business. Critical components of our systems are dependent upon third-party providers and a significant portion of our business operations are conducted over the internet. These systems, as well as our other information technology systems and our networks are subject to system security risks, cybersecurity breaches, outages, disruptions, including disruptions that result in our and our customers' loss of access to our information systems, and other risks. These could include malware, ransomware, and cybersecurity attacks, attempts to gain unauthorized access to our data and computer systems or steal confidential information, including credit card information from our customers, or they could include breaches due to error, malfeasance or other disruptions of employees, independent contractors or consultants. Even if we are not targeted directly, cybersecurity attacks on other entities and institutions, including our customers, vendors, or other third parties with whom we do business, may occur and such events could impact our systems and networks, and disrupt our normal business operations. Attacks can be both individual or highly organized attempts by very sophisticated hacking organizations. We employ a number of measures to prevent, detect and mitigate these threats, but these measures may not be sufficient to mitigate all related risks. While we continue to improve our cybersecurity and take measures to protect our business, it may not always be possible to anticipate, detect, or recognize threats to our systems, to implement effective preventive measures, nor to ensure that our financial results will not be negatively impacted by such an incident. The extent of a particular cybersecurity attack and the steps that we may need to take to investigate the attack also may not be immediately clear. A cybersecurity incident could compromise the confidential information of our employees, customers and vendors to the
25


extent such information exists on our systems or on the systems of third-party providers. Information and data maintained in digital form are subject to the risks of unauthorized access, modification, exfiltration, destruction or denial of access. Any compromise of our security could result in a violation of applicable privacy, information security, and other laws, which continue to evolve and may be inconsistent from one jurisdiction to another, and could result in potential liability, damage our reputation, disrupt and affect our business operations and result in lawsuits against us. Furthermore, we may not be able to recover these expenses from our service providers, responsible parties, or insurance carriers, the amount of which could be significant. In addition, cybersecurity is an issue that is becoming increasingly regulated. As regulations take effect or evolve it is possible we may encounter issues being fully compliant with these legal standards which could result in material adverse effects on our business.
Social Media Platforms Could Cause Us to Suffer Brand Damage or Information Leakage.
Negative information about us, or our officers, employees, directors or Properties, even if untrue, could damage our reputation. In particular, information shared on social media platforms could cause us to suffer brand damage because social media platforms have increased the rapidity of the dissemination and greatly expanded the potential scope and scale of the impact of negative publicity. Furthermore, current or former employees, customers or others might make negative comments regarding us, publicly share material that reflects negatively on our reputation or disclose non-public sensitive information relating to our business. While we have customary internal policies related to posting Company information on public platforms, including social media sites, the continuing evolution of social media will present us with new challenges and risks.

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
None.

Item 1C. Cybersecurity
Cybersecurity represents an important component of the Company’s overall approach to risk management. The Company’s cybersecurity policies, standards and practices are fully integrated into the Company’s enterprise risk management (“ERM”) approach, and cybersecurity risks are subject to oversight by the Company’s Board of Directors. The Company generally approaches cybersecurity threats through a cross-functional, multilayered approach, with the goals of: (i) identifying, preventing and mitigating cybersecurity threats to the Company; (ii) preserving the confidentiality, security and availability of the information that we collect and store to use in our business; (iii) protecting the Company’s intellectual property; and (iv) maintaining the confidence of our customers, clients and business partners.
Risk Management and Strategy
Consistent with overall ERM policies and practices, the Company’s cybersecurity program focuses on the following areas:
Vigilance: The Company maintains a primarily domestic presence, with our cybersecurity threat operations designed with the specific goal of identifying, preventing and mitigating cybersecurity threats and responding to cybersecurity incidents in accordance with our established incident response and recovery plans.
Systems Safeguards: The Company deploys systems safeguards that are designed to protect the Company’s information systems from cybersecurity threats, including firewalls, intrusion prevention and detection systems, software updates and patches, anti-malware functionality and access controls, which are evaluated and improved through ongoing vulnerability assessments and cybersecurity threat intelligence.
Collaboration: The Company utilizes collaboration mechanisms established with public and private entities, including intelligence and enforcement agencies, industry groups and third-party service providers, to identify, assess and respond to cybersecurity risks.
Third-Party Risk Management: The Company maintains a comprehensive, risk-based approach to identifying and overseeing cybersecurity risks presented by third parties, including vendors, service providers and other external users of the Company’s systems, as well as the systems of third parties that could adversely impact our business in the event of a cybersecurity incident affecting those third-party systems.
Training: The Company provides periodic mandatory training for personnel regarding cybersecurity threats, which reinforces the Company’s information security policies, standards and practices, and such training is scaled to reflect the roles, responsibilities and information systems access of such personnel.
26


Incident Response and Recovery Planning: The Company has established and maintains incident response and recovery plans that address the Company’s response to a cybersecurity incident and the recovery from a cybersecurity incident, and such plans are tested and evaluated periodically.
Communication and Coordination: The Company utilizes a cross-functional approach to address the risk from cybersecurity threats, involving management personnel from the Company’s technology, operations, legal, risk management, internal audit and other key business functions, as well as the members of the Board of Directors and the Audit Committee in an ongoing dialogue regarding cybersecurity threats and incidents.
A key part of the Company’s strategy for managing risks from cybersecurity threats is the ongoing assessment and testing of the Company’s processes and practices through auditing, assessments, tabletop exercises, threat modeling, vulnerability testing and other exercises focused on evaluating the effectiveness of our cybersecurity measures. The Company regularly engages third parties to perform assessments on our cybersecurity measures, including information security maturity assessments, audits and independent reviews of our information security control environment and operating effectiveness. The results of such assessments, audits and reviews are reported to the Audit Committee and the Board of Directors, and the Company considers adjustments to its cybersecurity policies, standards, processes and practices as necessary based on the information provided by the assessments, audits and reviews.
The Company is not aware of any cybersecurity incidents in the last three years that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect the business strategy, results of operations, or financial condition of the Company. For more information regarding how cybersecurity threats could materially affect the Company, see "We Face Risks Relating to Cybersecurity Incidents and Privacy Laws." in Item 1A. Risk Factors.
Governance
The Board of Directors, in coordination with the Audit Committee, oversees the management of risks from cybersecurity threats, including the policies, standards, processes and practices that the Company’s management implements to address risks from cybersecurity threats. The Board of Directors and the Audit Committee each receive regular presentations and reports on cybersecurity risks, which address a wide range of topics including, for example, recent developments, evolving standards, vulnerability assessments, third-party and independent reviews, the threat environment, technological trends and information security considerations arising with respect to the Company’s peers and third parties. The Board of Directors and the Audit Committee receive prompt and timely information regarding any cybersecurity incident that meets established reporting guidelines. Decisions regarding the disclosure and reporting of such incidents are made by management in a timely manner. The Board of Directors and Audit Committee receive ongoing updates regarding any such incidents until they have been addressed. The Audit Committee regularly interacts with the Company's ERM function, the Company's Vice President of Information Technology, other members of management and relevant management committees, including the Company's Security Advisory Board and Cybersecurity Incident Response Team. On a quarterly basis each year, the Audit Committee discusses the Company’s approach to cybersecurity risk management with the Company’s Vice President of Information Technology.
The Company’s Vice President of Information Technology is the member of the Company’s management that is principally responsible for overseeing the Company’s cybersecurity risk management program, in partnership with other business leaders across the Company. The Vice President of Information Technology works in coordination with the other members of the Security Advisory Board, which includes our President and Chief Executive Officer, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer and Executive Vice President and Chief Legal Officer. The Company’s Vice President of Information Technology has over 25 years in Information Technology leadership including 15 years overseeing security and compliance operations. The Director of Information Security has over 15 years in various security roles in private and public sectors and has attained the professional certification of Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP).
The Company’s Vice President of Information Technology and Director of Information Security, in coordination with the Security Advisory Board and Cybersecurity Incident Response Team, work collaboratively across the Company to implement a program designed to protect the Company’s information systems from cybersecurity threats and to promptly respond to any cybersecurity incidents. To facilitate the success of this program, multidisciplinary teams throughout the Company are deployed to address cybersecurity threats and to respond to cybersecurity incidents in accordance with the Company’s incident response and recovery plans. Through the ongoing communications from these teams, the Vice President of Information Technology and Director of Information Security, in coordination with the Security Advisory Board and Cybersecurity Incident Response Team monitor the prevention, detection, mitigation and remediation of cybersecurity incidents in real time, and report such incidents to the Audit Committee when appropriate.

27


Item 2. Properties
General
Our Properties provide common area facilities and attractive amenities that create an inviting community for our residents and guests. These common area facilities generally include a clubhouse, a swimming pool, laundry facilities, cable television and internet service. Many Properties also offer additional amenities such as golf courses, tennis, pickleball, shuffleboard and basketball courts, sauna/whirlpool spas, exercise rooms and various social activities. It is our responsibility to provide maintenance of the common area facilities and amenities and to ensure that our residents and guests comply with our community policies, including maintaining their homes and the surrounding area. Most of our residents own their homes; and therefore, also have a vested interest to care for their homes. We hold regular meetings with management personnel at our Properties to understand and address the needs of our residents and guests and to provide necessary trainings. Our Properties historically have had, and we believe they will continue to have, low turnover and high occupancy rates.
Property Portfolio
As of December 31, 2023, we owned or had an ownership interest in a portfolio of 451 Properties located predominantly in the United States containing 172,465 Sites. A total of 120 of the Properties were encumbered by debt (see Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data—Note 9. Borrowing Arrangements). The distribution of our Properties reflects our belief that geographic diversification helps to insulate the total portfolio from regional economic influences. We intend to target new acquisitions in or near markets where our Properties are located and will also consider acquisitions of properties outside such markets.
Our two largest Properties as determined by property operating revenues were Colony Cove, located in Ellenton, Florida and ViewPoint RV & Golf Resort, located in Mesa, Arizona. Each accounted for approximately 2.0% of our total property operating revenues for the year ended December 31, 2023.
The following table sets forth certain information relating to our 437 wholly-owned Properties containing 168,901 Sites as of December 31, 2023, not including Properties owned through joint ventures. These Properties are categorized by major market. For RV and marina Properties, the total number of annual Sites represents Sites occupied by annual residents and are presented as 100% occupied. Annual Site occupancy percentage subtotals by market and grand total are presented on a weighted average basis.
PropertyCityStateProperty Type
Acres (a)
Developable
Acres (b)
Total Number of Sites as of 12/31/23Total Number of Annual Sites as of 12/31/23Annual Site Occupancy as of 12/31/23
Florida
East Coast:
Aventura MarinaAventuraFLMarina1566100.0%
Hi-Lift MarinaAventuraFLMarina3211209100.0%
Cheron VillageDavieFLMH3020220299.0%
Carriage CoveDaytona BeachFLMH5941841884.2%
Daytona Beach MarinaDaytona BeachFLMarina5179151100.0%
Coquina CrossingElktonFLMH3162659659697.8%
Bulow PlantationFlagler BeachFLMH3239027627698.9%
Bulow RVFlagler BeachFLRV(g)91352123100.0%
Carefree CoveFort LauderdaleFLMH2016416493.3%
Everglades LakesFort LauderdaleFLMH10361161194.1%
Park City WestFort LauderdaleFLMH6036336397.5%
Sunshine Holiday MHFort LauderdaleFLMH3224524597.1%
Sunshine Holiday RVFort LauderdaleFLRV(g)13047100.0%
Hollywood MarinaHollywoodFLMarina9190140100.0%
28


PropertyCityStateProperty Type
Acres (a)
Developable
Acres (b)
Total Number of Sites as of 12/31/23Total Number of Annual Sites as of 12/31/23Annual Site Occupancy as of 12/31/23
Jupiter MarinaJupiterFLMarina5231201100.0%
Lake Worth VillageLake WorthFLMH11782382395.9%
Lantana MarinaLantanaFLMarina5394278100.0%
Maralago CayLantanaFLMH10260260296.8%
South Lantana MarinaLantanaFLMarina17355100.0%
Coral Cay PlantationMargateFLMH12181881897.1%
Lakewood VillageMelbourneFLMH6834934988.8%
Miami EvergladesMiamiFLRV34930345100.0%
South Miami MarinaMiamiFLMarina41254221100.0%
Okeechobee RV ResortOkeechobeeFLRV110740285100.0%
Holiday Village, Ormond BeachOrmond BeachFLMH4330130188.7%
Sunshine Holiday-Daytona NorthOrmond BeachFLRV693349149100.0%
Palm Beach Gardens MarinaPalm Beach GardensFLMarina12133113100.0%
The Meadows, FLPalm Beach GardensFLMH5537837896.8%
Breezy HillPompano BeachFLRV52762322100.0%
Hidden Harbour MarinaPompano BeachFLMarina4357250100.0%
Highland Woods Travel ParkPompano BeachFLRV1514815100.0%
Inlet Harbor MarinaPonce InletFLMarina10295221100.0%
Lighthouse Pointe at Daytona BeachPort OrangeFLMH6443543584.1%
Pickwick VillagePort OrangeFLMH8444144195.5%
Rose BayPort OrangeFLRV212303201100.0%
Palm LakeRiviera BeachFLMH15491691671.4%
Riviera Beach MarinaRiviera BeachFLMarina6326283100.0%
Indian OaksRockledgeFLMH38208208100.0%
Space CoastRockledgeFLRV24270178100.0%
St. Pete MarinaSt. PetersburgFLMarina15438323100.0%
Riverwatch MarinaStuartFLMarina8306193100.0%
Countryside at Vero BeachVero BeachFLMH12564464496.4%
Heritage PlantationVero BeachFLMH6443743792.2%
Heron CayVero BeachFLMH13058858893.5%
Holiday Village, FloridaVero BeachFLMH18128128—%
Sunshine Travel-Vero BeachVero BeachFLRV333323141100.0%
Vero Beach MarinaVero BeachFLMarina2616074100.0%
Vero Palm EstatesVero BeachFLMH6428528591.2%
Village GreenVero BeachFLMH1781678278291.0%
Palm Beach ColonyWest Palm BeachFLMH4828428499.6%
Central:
Clover Leaf FarmsBrooksvilleFLMH2272084584595.4%
Clover Leaf ForestBrooksvilleFLRV30277126100.0%
Clerbrook Golf & RV ResortClermontFLRV2881,255580100.0%
Lake MagicClermontFLRV69471166100.0%
29


PropertyCityStateProperty Type
Acres (a)
Developable
Acres (b)
Total Number of Sites as of 12/31/23Total Number of Annual Sites as of 12/31/23Annual Site Occupancy as of 12/31/23
Orange LakeClermontFLMH3824224298.3%
OrlandoClermontFLRV2701,107270100.0%
Haselton VillageEustisFLMH52291291100.0%
Southern Palms RVEustisFLRV120950366100.0%
Lakeside TerraceFruitland ParkFLMH3924124199.2%
Grand Island ResortGrand IslandFLMH3536236278.5%
Sherwood Forest - MHPKissimmeeFLMH124876976998.0%
Sherwood Forest RVKissimmeeFLRV1076513168100.0%
Tropical PalmsKissimmeeFLRV59592179100.0%
Beacon Hill ColonyLakelandFLMH3120120199.0%
Beacon TerraceLakelandFLMH61297297100.0%
Kings & QueensLakelandFLMH1810710796.3%
Lakeland HarborLakelandFLMH6550450499.8%
Lakeland JunctionLakelandFLMH2319319399.5%
Coachwood ColonyLeesburgFLMH2920120189.1%
Mid-Florida LakesLeesburg FLMH2901,2251,22590.4%
SouthernaireMt. DoraFLMH1411411491.2%
Foxwood FarmsOcalaFLMH5636536585.8%
Oak BendOcalaFLMH6234234275.1%
Villas at Spanish OaksOcalaFLMH6945445486.1%
Audubon Village - FloridaOrlandoFLMH40228028098.9%
Hidden ValleyOrlandoFLMH5030330399.3%
Starlight RanchOrlandoFLMH13078378397.2%
Covington EstatesSaint CloudFLMH59241241100.0%
Parkwood CommunitiesWildwoodFLMH12169469498.3%
Three FlagsWildwoodFLRV2322155100.0%
Winter GardenWinter GardenFLRV27350173100.0%
Gulf Coast (Tampa/Naples):
Riverside RV ResortArcadiaFLRV499208548250100.0%
Toby's RV ResortArcadiaFLRV44379335100.0%
Sunshine KeyBig Pine KeyFLRV5440950100.0%
Windmill ManorBradentonFLMH4929229299.3%
Winter Quarters ManateeBradentonFLRV42415244100.0%
Resort at Tranquility LakeCape CoralFLRV18850033100.0%
Cape Coral Development Land (c)Cape CoralFLRV1,110570—%
Palm Harbour MarinaCape HazeFLMarina18260162100.0%
Glen EllenClearwaterFLMH1210610698.1%
Hillcrest FLClearwaterFLMH2527627696.0%
Holiday RanchClearwaterFLMH1215015094.0%
SerendipityClearwaterFLMH5542542599.3%
Shady Lane OaksClearwaterFLMH3124924998.0%
Shady Lane VillageClearwaterFLMH1915615697.4%
30


PropertyCityStateProperty Type
Acres (a)
Developable
Acres (b)
Total Number of Sites as of 12/31/23Total Number of Annual Sites as of 12/31/23Annual Site Occupancy as of 12/31/23
Silk Oak LodgeClearwaterFLMH1918118194.5%
Cortez Village MarinaCortezFLMarina4353319100.0%
Crystal IslesCrystal RiverFLRV38126086100.0%
Lake HavenDunedinFLMH4837937997.6%
Marker 1 MarinaDunedinFLMarina11477371100.0%
Colony CoveEllentonFLMH54352,4052,40594.1%
The Oaks at Colony CoveEllentonFLMH(g)939394.6%
Ridgewood EstatesEllentonFLMH7738038099.7%
Fort Myers BeachFort MyersFLRV376292165100.0%
Fish Tale MarinaFort Myers BeachFLMarina8296241100.0%
Gulf AirFort Myers BeachFLRV2524673100.0%
Holiday Travel ParkHolidayFLRV45613507100.0%
Barrington HillsHudsonFLRV28392271100.0%
Down YonderLargoFLMH50361361100.0%
East Bay OaksLargoFLMH40328328100.0%
Eldorado VillageLargoFLMH2522722799.1%
Paradise Park - LargoLargoFLMH15108108100.0%
Shangri-La Mobile Home ParkLargoFLMH1416016093.8%
Vacation VillageLargoFLRV29293172100.0%
Whispering Pines - LargoLargoFLMH5539339397.5%
Fiesta KeyLong KeyFLRV2837310100.0%
Winter Quarters PascoLutzFLRV27255197100.0%
Country PlaceNew Port RicheyFLMH82515515100.0%
Hacienda VillageNew Port RicheyFLMH6650550598.8%
Harbor View Mobile ManorNew Port RicheyFLMH6947147199.6%
Bay Lake EstatesNokomisFLMH3422822894.7%
Lake VillageNokomisFLMH1054039139194.9%
Royal CoachmanNokomisFLRV1112546505100.0%
Buccaneer EstatesNorth Fort MyersFLMH2233997197190.5%
Island Vista EstatesNorth Fort MyersFLMH12161661688.0%
Lake FairwaysNorth Fort MyersFLMH25989689699.1%
Pine LakesNorth Fort MyersFLMH3976160260299.7%
Pioneer VillageNorth Fort MyersFLRV90733423100.0%
Sunseekers RV ResortNorth Fort MyersFLRV16241197100.0%
The HeritageNorth Fort MyersFLMH214644944999.8%
Windmill Village - N. Ft. MyersNorth Fort MyersFLMH6949149188.4%
Silver Dollar Golf & Trap Club ResortOdessaFLRV836459383100.0%
Terra CeiaPalmettoFLRV50391160100.0%
Arbors at CountrywoodPlant CityFLMH(g)626259.7%
Lakes at CountrywoodPlant CityFLMH1221042442497.4%
Meadows at CountrywoodPlant CityFLMH14073773799.7%
Oaks at CountrywoodPlant CityFLMH4416816899.4%
31


PropertyCityStateProperty Type
Acres (a)
Developable
Acres (b)
Total Number of Sites as of 12/31/23Total Number of Annual Sites as of 12/31/23Annual Site Occupancy as of 12/31/23
Harbor LakesPort CharlotteFLRV80528390100.0%
Emerald LakePunta GordaFLMH2820120196.0%
Gulf ViewPunta GordaFLRV78206104100.0%
Tropical Palms MHPunta GordaFLMH50229429498.0%
KingswoodRiverviewFLMH52229229100.0%
Winds of St. Armands NorthSarasotaFLMH7447147199.8%
Winds of St. Armands SouthSarasotaFLMH90436036095.3%
Topics RV ResortSpring HillFLRV35230175100.0%
Pine IslandSt. James City FLRV3136313100.0%
Carefree VillageTampaFLMH5839839898.2%
Tarpon GlenTarpon SpringsFLMH2416816899.4%
FeatherockValricoFLMH8452152199.2%
Bay IndiesVeniceFLMH2101,3091,30995.9%
Ramblers Rest RV ResortVeniceFLRV117647381100.0%
Peace RiverWauchulaFLRV7245449100.0%
Crystal Lake ZephyrhillsZephyrhillsFLMH14751851881.3%
Forest Lake Estates MHZephyrhillsFLMH1926892992998.1%
Forest Lake Village RVZephyrhillsFLRV42274187100.0%
Sixth AvenueZephyrhillsFLMH1413313382.0%
OtherMultipleFLMH713313322.6%
Total Florida Market13,4221,29864,60952,96795.1%
California
Northern California:
Monte del LagoCastrovilleCAMH5431031099.4%
Colony ParkCeresCAMH2018618696.8%
Russian RiverCloverdaleCARV411351100.0%
Snowflower (d)Emigrant GapCARV612268—%
Four SeasonsFresnoCAMH4024224295.0%
Yosemite Lakes (d)GrovelandCARV40330299—%
Tahoe Valley (d) (e)Lake TahoeCARV86413—%
Sea OaksLos OsosCAMH181125125100.0%
Ponderosa ResortLotusCARV221705100.0%
Turtle Beach (i)MantecaCARV3979—%
Marina Dunes RV Resort (d)MarinaCARV696—%
Coralwood (e)ModestoCAMH22194194100.0%
Lake MindenNicolausCARV165823236100.0%
Oceanside RV Resort (d)OceansideCARV8139—%
Lake of the SpringsOregon HouseCARV95450754120100.0%
Concord CascadePachecoCAMH31283283100.0%
San Francisco RVPacificaCARV121221100.0%
32


PropertyCityStateProperty Type
Acres (a)
Developable
Acres (b)
Total Number of Sites as of 12/31/23Total Number of Annual Sites as of 12/31/23Annual Site Occupancy as of 12/31/23
Quail MeadowsRiverbankCAMH20146146100.0%
California HawaiianSan JoseCAMH50418418100.0%
SunshadowSan JoseCAMH30121121100.0%
Village of the Four SeasonsSan JoseCAMH3027127199.6%
Laguna LakeSan Luis ObispoCAMH100300300100.0%
Contempo MarinSan RafaelCAMH631396396100.0%
De Anza Santa CruzSanta CruzCAMH3019819899.5%
Santa Cruz Ranch (d)Scotts ValleyCARV7106—%
Royal OaksVisaliaCAMH2014914994.0%
Pilot Knob RV Resort (d)WinterhavenCARV23247—%
Southern California:
Soledad CanyonActonCARV2731,2511100.0%
Los RanchosApple ValleyCAMH3038938996.9%
Date Palm Country Club (e)Cathedral CityCAMH232353853899.1%
Palm Springs Oasis RV ResortCathedral CityCARV(g)14031100.0%
Oakzanita SpringsDescansoCARV145514624100.0%
Rancho MesaEl CajonCAMH2015815899.4%
Rancho ValleyEl CajonCAMH19140140100.0%
Royal HolidayHemetCAMH2219819875.3%
IdyllwildIdyllwild-Pine CoveCARV19128744100.0%
Pio PicoJamulCARV1761051266100.0%
Wilderness LakesMenifeeCARV7352944100.0%
Morgan Hill (d)Morgan HillCARV696339—%
Pacific Dunes Ranch (d)OceanaCARV48215—%
San BenitoPaicinesCARV1992352318100.0%
Palm SpringsPalm DesertCARV3540115100.0%
Las Palmas EstatesRialtoCAMH18136136100.0%
Parque La QuintaRialtoCAMH1916616698.2%
Rancho Oso (i)Santa BarbaraCARV31040187—%
MeadowbrookSanteeCAMH43338338100.0%
Lamplighter VillageSpring ValleyCAMH32270270100.0%
Santiago EstatesSylmarCAMH1139300300100.0%
Total California Market4,97371713,4406,24898.4%
Arizona:
Apache EastApache JunctionAZMH17123123100.0%
Countryside RVApache JunctionAZRV53560307100.0%
Denali ParkApache JunctionAZMH33516216299.4%
Dolce VitaApache JunctionAZMH1322060660671.9%
Golden Sun RVApache JunctionAZRV33329214100.0%
33


PropertyCityStateProperty Type
Acres (a)
Developable
Acres (b)
Total Number of Sites as of 12/31/23Total Number of Annual Sites as of 12/31/23Annual Site Occupancy as of 12/31/23
Meridian RV ResortApache JunctionAZRV1526458100.0%
Valley VistaBensonAZRV61454100.0%
Casita VerdeCasa GrandeAZRV1419293100.0%
Fiesta GrandeCasa GrandeAZRV77767541100.0%
Foothills WestCasa GrandeAZRV16188128100.0%
Sunshine ValleyChandlerAZMH5538138199.5%
Verde ValleyCottonwoodAZRV273178414118100.0%
Casa del Sol East IIGlendaleAZMH2923923997.1%
Casa del Sol East IIIGlendaleAZMH2823623698.7%
Palm ShadowsGlendaleAZMH3329329393.5%
Hacienda De ValenciaMesaAZMH5136336399.2%
Mesa SpiritMesaAZRV901,600838100.0%
Monte Vista ResortMesaAZRV1421,345952100.0%
Seyenna VistasMesaAZMH60440740798.3%
The Highlands at BrentwoodMesaAZMH45268268100.0%
ViewPoint RV & Golf ResortMesaAZRV3322,4141,993100.0%
Apollo VillagePeoriaAZMH29323823895.4%
Casa del Sol WestPeoriaAZMH3124524596.7%
Carefree ManorPhoenixAZMH1613013097.7%
Central ParkPhoenixAZMH3729329397.3%
Desert SkiesPhoenixAZMH2416616698.8%
Sunrise HeightsPhoenixAZMH2819919997.5%
Whispering PalmsPhoenixAZMH1511611697.4%
Desert Vista (d)SalomeAZRV10125—%
Sedona ShadowsSedonaAZMH4821021093.8%
Venture InShow LowAZRV26389270100.0%
ParadiseSun CityAZRV80950778100.0%
The Meadows AZTempeAZMH6039039097.7%
Fairview ManorTucsonAZMH2823223297.4%
Voyager RV ResortTucsonAZRV351,8011,098100.0%
The Crossing at Voyager (d)TucsonAZRV6418154—%
WestparkWickenburgAZMH4826926986.2%
Araby AcresYumaAZRV253337257100.0%
Cactus GardensYumaAZRV43430228100.0%
CapriYumaAZRV20303149100.0%
Desert ParadiseYumaAZRV2626084100.0%
Foothill VillageYumaAZRV1818017100.0%
Mesa Verde RVYumaAZRV28345264100.0%
Suni SandsYumaAZRV34336136100.0%
Total Arizona Market2,30723119,39414,09397.8%
34


PropertyCityStateProperty Type
Acres (a)
Developable
Acres (b)
Total Number of Sites as of 12/31/23Total Number of Annual Sites as of 12/31/23Annual Site Occupancy as of 12/31/23
Colorado:
Hillcrest Village COAuroraCOMH7260260299.8%
Cimarron VillageBroomfieldCOMH5032732799.7%
Holiday Village COColorado SpringsCOMH3824024098.3%
Bear Creek VillageDenverCOMH1212112199.2%
Holiday Hills VillageDenverCOMH9973673698.2%
Golden TerraceGoldenCOMH3226326399.2%
Golden Terrace SouthGoldenCOMH158080100.0%
Golden Terrace South RV (d)GoldenCORV(g)80—%
Golden Terrace WestGoldenCOMH3931131199.4%
Blue Mesa Recreational Ranch (d)GunnisonCORV385—%
Pueblo GrandePuebloCOMH3325025097.6%
Woodland HillsThorntonCOMH5543443499.8%
Total Colorado Market4453,8293,36499.1%
Northeast:
Stonegate ManorNorth WindhamCTMH11437237291.7%
Waterford EstatesBearDEMH159273173199.6%
McNicol PlaceLewesDEMH259393100.0%
Whispering PinesLewesDEMH67239339399.7%
Mariner's CoveMillsboroDEMH10137537599.2%
SweetbriarMillsboroDEMH3814614696.6%
Aspen MeadowsRehoboth BeachDEMH46200200100.0%
Camelot MeadowsRehoboth BeachDEMH6130130199.7%
Gateway to Cape CodRochesterMARV802519474100.0%
Hillcrest MARocklandMAMH19797991.1%
The GlenRocklandMAMH24363697.2%
Old ChathamSouth DennisMARV47312272100.0%
SturbridgeSturbridgeMARV22312515596100.0%
FernwoodCapitol HeightsMDMH40632932999.1%
Williams Estates/Peppermint WoodsMiddle RiverMDMH12180380399.9%
Mt. Desert Narrows (d)Bar HarborMERV9012206—%
Patten PondEllsworthMERV816013721100.0%
PinehirstOld Orchard BeachMERV58550431100.0%
Narrows TooTrentonMERV42820729100.0%
Moody BeachWellsMERV48274117100.0%
Sandy BeachContoocookNHRV40190107100.0%
Pine AcresRaymondNHRV100421248100.0%
Tuxbury ResortSouth HamptonNHRV193100305210100.0%
King NummyCape May Court HouseNJRV83313266100.0%
Acorn CampgroundGreen CreekNJRV16043323240100.0%
35


PropertyCityStateProperty Type
Acres (a)
Developable
Acres (b)
Total Number of Sites as of 12/31/23Total Number of Annual Sites as of 12/31/23Annual Site Occupancy as of 12/31/23
Whippoorwill RVMarmoraNJRV39288232100.0%
Mays Landing ResortMays LandingNJRV1816896100.0%
Echo FarmsOcean ViewNJRV31245230100.0%
Lake and ShoreOcean ViewNJRV162401288100.0%
Pine HavenOcean ViewNJRV97629559100.0%
Red Oak Shores (f)Ocean ViewNJRV155223205100.0%
Chestnut LakePort RepublicNJRV3218555100.0%
Sea PinesSwaintonNJRV7532549325100.0%
Pine Ridge at CrestwoodWhitingNJMH1881,0351,03591.3%
Rondout ValleyAccordNYRV18494398100100.0%
Alpine Lake RV ResortCorinthNYRV20054500386100.0%
Lake George EscapeLake GeorgeNYRV178576135100.0%
The WoodlandsLockportNYMH225301,2371,23797.2%
Greenwood VillageManorvilleNYMH7951251299.2%
Brennan BeachPulaskiNYRV2011,3771,234100.0%
Lake George Schroon ValleyWarrensburgNYRV151151104100.0%
Greenbriar VillageBathPAMH6331931996.2%
Sun ValleyBowmansvillePARV863265229100.0%
Green AcresBreinigsvillePAMH14959559594.5%
Gettysburg FarmDoverPARV1246226588100.0%
Timothy Lake NorthEast StroudsburgPARV9332395100.0%
Timothy Lake SouthEast StroudsburgPARV65327137100.0%
Drummer BoyGettysburgPARV89465256100.0%
Round TopGettysburgPARV52391239100.0%
Circle MLancasterPARV1037426107100.0%
HersheyLebanonPARV1962029769100.0%
Robin HillLenhartsvillePARV444270149100.0%
PA Dutch CountyManheimPARV1025526994100.0%
Spring GulchNew HollandPARV11427420161100.0%
Lil WolfOrefieldPAMH5626926995.5%
ScotrunScotrunPARV636178119100.0%
Appalachian RVShartlesvillePARV8630358214100.0%
Mountain View - PAWalnutportPAMH45118718794.1%
Timber CreekWesterlyRIRV108364352100.0%
Total Northeast Market5,71380821,90716,38198.5%
Southeast:
Hidden CoveArleyALRV993416394100.0%
Dale Hollow State Park MarinaBurkesvilleKYMarina33198198100.0%
Diamond CavernsPark CityKYRV71421822028100.0%
Forest LakeAdvanceNCRV30620394209100.0%
36


PropertyCityStateProperty Type
Acres (a)
Developable
Acres (b)
Total Number of Sites as of 12/31/23Total Number of Annual Sites as of 12/31/23Annual Site Occupancy as of 12/31/23
ScenicAshevilleNCMH2821221290.6%
Boathouse MarinaBeaufortNCMarina9547378100.0%
Waterway RVCedar PointNCRV27336336100.0%
Twin LakesChocowinityNCRV13211419393100.0%
Holiday Trav-L-Park ResortEmerald IsleNCRV23299134100.0%
Topsail Sound RVHolly RidgeNCRV347230214100.0%
Green MountainLenoirNCRV1,0773447174100.0%
Lake GastonLittletonNCRV69235204100.0%
Lake Myers RVMocksvilleNCRV74425269100.0%
Bogue PinesNewportNCMH50150150100.0%
Goose CreekNewportNCRV92735697100.0%
Whispering Pines - NCNewportNCRV34278172100.0%
Harbor PointSneads FerryNCRV46203130100.0%
White Oak ShoresStellaNCRV22051511436100.0%
White Oak ShoresStellaNCMarina5623100.0%
Carolina LandingFair PlaySCRV733019273100.0%
Inlet Oaks VillageMurrells InletSCMH35172172100.0%
Myrtle Beach Property (h)Myrtle BeachSCRV80813—%
Rivers Edge MarinaNorth CharlestonSCMarina4503458100.0%
The OaksYemasseeSCRV109322100.0%
Natchez TraceHohenwaldTNRV672339537211100.0%
Cherokee LandingSaulsburyTNRV2541243399100.0%
Meadows of ChantillyChantillyVAMH82499499100.0%
Harbor ViewColonial BeachVARV6914645100.0%
LynchburgGladysVARV1705922258100.0%
Chesapeake BayGloucesterVARV28280392149100.0%
Bayport Development (c)JamaicaVARV541523—%
Virginia LandingQuinbyVARV86323316100.0%
Grey's Point CampToppingVARV12516791580100.0%
Bethpage Camp ResortUrbannaVARV271811,285823100.0%
WilliamsburgWilliamsburgVARV651021181100.0%
Regency LakesWinchesterVAMH16552352398.9%
Total Southeast Market6,8281,60613,0098,17099.7%
Midwest Market:
O'Connell's Yogi Bear RV ResortAmboyILRV28677812450100.0%
Pheasant Lake EstatesBeecherILMH23819061361393.5%
Pine CountryBelvidereILRV13110185147100.0%
Willow Lake EstatesElginILMH11161661691.6%
Golf Vista EstatesMoneeILMH14449749783.5%
Indian LakesBatesvilleINRV545821,212737100.0%
37


PropertyCityStateProperty Type
Acres (a)
Developable
Acres (b)
Total Number of Sites as of 12/31/23Total Number of Annual Sites as of 12/31/23Annual Site Occupancy as of 12/31/23
Horseshoe LakesClintonINRV2896612381100.0%
Twin Mills RVHoweINRV13724501340100.0%
Lakeside RVNew CarlisleINRV138989100.0%
Bear CaveBuchananMIRV251013657100.0%
St ClaireSaint ClaireMIRV210100229122100.0%
Cedar KnollsApple ValleyMNMH9345745795.6%
Cimarron ParkLake ElmoMNMH2304650550586.1%
Rockford Riverview EstatesRockfordMNMH8842842897.9%
Rosemount WoodsRosemountMNMH5022122180.1%
Buena VistaFargoNDMH7639939964.7%
Meadow ParkFargoNDMH1711611658.6%
Kenisee LakeJeffersonOHRV1435011984100.0%
WilmingtonWilmingtonOHRV10941169122100.0%
Rainbow Lake ManorBristolWIMH99630230287.1%
Fremont Jellystone Park CampgroundFremontWIRV985325121100.0%
Yukon TrailsLyndon StationWIRV15029219133100.0%
Blackhawk Camping ResortMiltonWIRV21424490330100.0%
LakelandMiltonWIRV1075682431100.0%
Westwood EstatesPleasant PrairieWIMH9534434489.8%
Plymouth RockPlymouthWIRV13340610416100.0%
Tranquil TimbersSturgeon BayWIRV125270188100.0%
Lake of the Woods RVWautomaWIRV117303110100.0%
Neshonoc LakesideWest SalemWIRV48284179100.0%
Arrowhead ResortWisconsin DellsWIRV16640377199100.0%
Bay Point MarinaMarbleheadOHRV489184184100.0%
Bay Point MarinaMarbleheadOHMarina179660630100.0%
Total Midwest Market4,51485412,4779,64894.0%
Nevada, Utah and Idaho:
Coach RoyaleBoiseIDMH129191100.0%
Maple GroveBoiseIDMH3827127199.3%
Shenandoah EstatesBoiseIDMH24153153100.0%
West Meadow EstatesBoiseIDMH29178178100.0%
Mountain View - NVHendersonNVMH72354354100.0%
Bonanza VillageLas VegasNVMH4335335360.9%
Boulder CascadeLas VegasNVMH3929929990.0%
CabanaLas VegasNVMH3726326398.1%
Flamingo WestLas VegasNVMH37258258100.0%
Las VegasLas VegasNVRV1121718100.0%
Villa BoregaLas VegasNVMH4029329378.8%
38


PropertyCityStateProperty Type
Acres (a)
Developable
Acres (b)
Total Number of Sites as of 12/31/23Total Number of Annual Sites as of 12/31/23Annual Site Occupancy as of 12/31/23
Westwood VillageFarr WestUTMH46314314100.0%
St George (d)HurricaneUTRV26149—%
All SeasonsSalt Lake CityUTMH19121121100.0%
Total Nevada, Utah and Idaho4733,3142,96692.0%
Northwest:
Cultus Lake (Canada) (e)Lindell BeachBCRV1517841100.0%
BendBendORRV28911635131100.0%
ShadowbrookClackamasORMH2115615698.1%
Pacific CityCloverdaleORRV1055030733100.0%
Falcon Wood VillageEugeneORMH2318318398.4%
Portland FairviewFairviewORRV30407233100.0%
Quail Hollow (e)FairviewORMH21137137100.0%
South JettyFlorenceORRV5752048100.0%
SeasideSeasideORRV80725144100.0%
Whalers RestSouth BeachORRV39517026100.0%
Mt. Hood VillageWelchesORRV115626211100.0%
Hope Valley RVTurner ORRV6923164157100.0%
Birch BayBlaineWARV31724617100.0%
Mount VernonBowWARV31125127100.0%
ChehalisChehalisWARV30936020100.0%
Grandy Creek (d)ConcreteWARV63179—%
Tall Chief (d)Fall CityWARV71180—%
Kloshe IllaheeFederal WayWAMH50258258100.0%
La Conner (e)La ConnerWARV10631934100.0%
LeavenworthLeavenworthWARV255302665100.0%
Thunderbird ResortMonroeWARV45613612100.0%
Little DiamondNewportWARV360305202100.0%
OceanaOcean CityWARV167849100.0%
Crescent BarQuincyWARV1411511100.0%
Long BeachSeaviewWARV171014414100.0%
Paradise RVSilver CreekWARV602653100.0%
Total Northwest2,5722966,4571,67299.6%
Texas:
Alamo PalmsAlamoTXRV58643291100.0%
Bay LandingBridgeportTXRV44323529365100.0%
Colorado RiverColumbusTXRV2182223223100.0%
Victoria PalmsDonnaTXRV1171,122472100.0%
Lake Texoma (e)GordonvilleTXRV2018743083100.0%
LakewoodHarlingenTXRV3030196100.0%
39


PropertyCityStateProperty Type
Acres (a)
Developable
Acres (b)
Total Number of Sites as of 12/31/23Total Number of Annual Sites as of 12/31/23Annual Site Occupancy as of 12/31/23
Paradise ParkHarlingenTXRV60563264100.0%
Sunshine RV ResortHarlingenTXRV841,027358100.0%
Tropic WindsHarlingenTXRV11265531202100.0%
Medina LakeLakehillsTXRV2085038724100.0%
Paradise SouthMercedesTXRV49493174100.0%
Lake Tawakoni (e)PointTXRV3241129344100.0%
Fun N Sun RVSan BenitoTXRV135401,435611100.0%
Country SunshineWeslacoTXRV37390151100.0%
Leisure WorldWeslacoTXRV38333177100.0%
Southern ComfortWeslacoTXRV40403313100.0%
Trails End RVWeslacoTXRV43362236100.0%
Lake WhitneyWhitneyTXRV40315826120100.0%
Lake ConroeWillisTXRV129705317100.0%
Lake Conroe RV Resort (d) MontgomeryTXRV130261—%
Total Texas2,85966810,4653,921100.0%
Grand Total All Markets44,1066,478168,901119,43096.5%
____________________________________
(a)Acres are approximate. For certain Properties, the acres were estimated based on 10 Sites per acre.
(b)Acres are approximate. There can be no assurance that developable acres will be developed. Development is contingent on many factors including, but not limited to, cost, ability to subdivide, accessibility, infrastructure needs, zoning, entitlement and topography.
(c)Development asset not included in the property count as there are no sites and the property is not operational.
(d)Property did not have annual Sites for 2023.
(e)Land has been leased to us under a non-cancelable operating lease, including one Loggerhead Marina Property (See Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data—Note 3. Leases).
(f)Property acquired in 2023.
(g)Acres for this community have been included in the acres of the adjacent community listed directly above this Property.
(h)RV community operated by a tenant pursuant to an existing ground lease.
(i)Property was closed temporarily due to storm and flooding events in 2023.
40


Item 3. Legal Proceedings
The description of legal proceedings is incorporated herein by reference from Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data—Note 16. Commitments and Contingencies in this Form 10-K.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
None.

41


PART II
Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.
Our shares of common stock are traded on the NYSE under the symbol ELS. As of December 31, 2023, there were 293 holders of record for 186,426,281 outstanding shares of our common stock. Additionally, there were 9,104,654 OP Units outstanding, which are exchangeable for an equivalent number of shares of our common stock or, at our option, cash.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
PeriodTotal Number of Shares Purchased (a)Weighted Average Price Paid per Share (a)Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or ProgramsMaximum Number of Shares that May Yet be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
1/1/2023-3/31/202328,408 $68.02 NoneNone
4/1/2023-6/30/2023— $— NoneNone
7/1/2023-9/30/2023— $— NoneNone
10/1/2023-12/31/2023— $— NoneNone
1/1/2023-12/31/202328,408 $68.02 NoneNone
(a) All shares were repurchased at the open market price and represent common stock surrendered to us to satisfy income tax withholding obligations due to the vesting of Restricted Share Grants. Certain of our executive officers and directors may from time to time adopt non-discretionary, written trading plans that comply with Securities and Exchange Commission Rule 10b5-1, or otherwise monetize their equity-based compensation. Securities and Exchange Commission Rule 10b5-1 provides executives with a method to monetize their equity-based compensation in an automatic and non-discretionary manner over time.
Dividends and Distributions
We distribute regular quarterly dividends to our stockholders. In order to maintain our qualification as a REIT, we are required, among other things, to distribute annually at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction and any net capital gain. In addition, we intend to distribute all or substantially all of our net income so that we will generally not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on our earnings.
In general, our Board of Directors makes decisions regarding the nature, frequency and amount of our dividends on a quarterly basis. The Board considers many factors when making these decisions, including our present and future liquidity needs, our current and projected financial condition and results of operations. As such, there can be no assurance that we will maintain the practice of paying regular quarterly dividends to continue to qualify as a REIT. See Item 1A. Risk Factors in this Form 10-K for a description of factors that may affect our ability to distribute dividends.

Item 6. [Reserved]

42


Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and accompanying footnotes thereto included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
2023 Accomplishments
We continued our strong performance in 2023, as marked by these key operational and financial accomplishments:
Net income per Common Share on a fully diluted basis was $1.69 for the year ended December 31, 2023, 10.5% higher than the year ended December 31, 2022.
FFO per Common Share on a fully diluted basis was $2.77 for the year ended December 31, 2023, 7.1% higher than the year ended December 31, 2022.
Normalized FFO per Common Share on a fully diluted basis was $2.75 for the year ended December 31, 2023, 4.7% higher than the year ended December 31, 2022.
Core portfolio generated growth of 5.0% in income from property operations, excluding property management, for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to the year ended December 31, 2022.
Core MH base rental income increased by 6.8% during the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to the year ended December 31, 2022. During the year ended December 31, 2023, we filled 109 expansion sites in our Core MH portfolio.
Manufactured homeowners within our Core portfolio increased by 554 to 66,623 as of December 31, 2023, compared to 66,069 as of December 31, 2022.
Core RV and marina base rental income for the year ended December 31, 2023 increased by 3.5%, compared to the year ended December 31, 2022.
Core Annual RV and marina base rental income for the year ended December 31, 2023 increased by 8.1%, compared to the year ended December 31, 2022 and includes 7.6% growth from rate increases.
New home sales of 905 for the year ended December 31, 2023.
Acquired one RV community for a purchase price of $9.5 million during the year ended December 31, 2023.
Added 994 expansion sites during the year ended December 31, 2023.
During the year ended December 31, 2023, we closed on four secured financing transactions totaling $463.8 million. The loans have a weighted average fixed interest rate of 5.05% per annum and a weighted average maturity of approximately eight years.
Overview and Outlook
We are a self-administered and self-managed real estate investment trust (“REIT”) with headquarters in Chicago, Illinois. We are a fully integrated owner of lifestyle-oriented properties (“Properties”) consisting of property operations and home sales and rental operations primarily within manufactured home (“MH”) and recreational vehicle (“RV”) communities and marinas. As of December 31, 2023, we owned or had an ownership interest in a portfolio of 451 Properties located throughout the United States and Canada containing 172,465 individual developed areas (“Sites”). These Properties are located in 35 states and British Columbia, with more than 110 Properties with lake, river or ocean frontage and more than 120 Properties within 10 miles of the coastal United States.
We invest in properties in sought-after locations near retirement and vacation destinations and urban areas across the United States with a focus on delivering an exceptional experience to our residents and guests that results in delivery of value to stockholders. Our business model is intended to provide an opportunity for increased cash flows and appreciation in value. We seek growth in earnings, Funds from Operations (“FFO”) and cash flows by enhancing the profitability and operation of our Properties and investments. We accomplish this by attracting and retaining high quality customers to our Properties, who take pride in our Properties and in their homes and efficiently managing our Properties by increasing occupancy, maintaining competitive market rents and controlling expenses. We also actively pursue opportunities that fit our acquisition criteria and are currently engaged in various stages of negotiations relating to the possible acquisition of additional properties.
We believe the demand from baby boomers for MH and RV communities will continue to be strong over the long term. It is estimated that approximately 10,000 baby boomers are turning 65 daily through 2029. These individuals, seeking an active lifestyle, will continue to drive the market for second-home sales as vacation properties, investment opportunities or retirement retreats. We expect it is likely that over the next decade, we will continue to see high levels of second-home sales and that manufactured homes and cottages in our Properties will continue to provide a viable second-home alternative to site-built homes. We also believe the Millennial and Generation Z demographic will contribute to our future long-term customer pipeline.
43

Management's Discussion and Analysis (continued)
After conducting a comprehensive study of RV ownership, according to the Recreational Vehicle Industry Association (“RVIA”), data suggested that RV sales are expected to benefit from an increase in demand from those born in the United States from 1980 to 2003, or Millennials and Gen Z, over the coming years. We believe the demand from baby boomers and these younger generations will continue to outpace supply for MH and RV communities. The entitlement process to develop new MH and RV communities is extremely restrictive. As a result, there have been limited new communities developed in our target geographic markets.
We generate the majority of our revenues from customers renting our Sites or entering into right-to-use contracts, also known as membership subscriptions, which provide them access to specific Properties for limited stays. MH Sites are generally leased on an annual basis to residents who own or lease factory-built homes, including manufactured homes. Annual RV and marina Sites are leased on an annual basis to customers who generally have an RV, factory-built cottage, boat or other unit placed on the site, including those Northern properties that are open for the summer season. Seasonal RV and marina Sites are leased to customers generally for one to six months. Transient RV and marina Sites are leased to customers on a short-term basis. The revenue from seasonal and transient Sites is generally higher during the first and third quarters. We consider the transient revenue stream to be our most volatile as it is subject to weather conditions and other factors affecting the marginal RV customer's vacation and travel preferences. We also generate revenue from customers renting our marina dry storage. Additionally, we have interests in joint venture Properties for which revenue is classified as Equity in income from unconsolidated joint ventures on the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income.
Approximately one quarter of our rental agreements on MH Sites contain rent increase provisions that are directly or indirectly connected to the published CPI statistics issued from June through September of the year prior to the increase effective date. Approximately two-thirds of these rental agreements are subject to a CPI floor of approximately 3.0% to 5.0%.
State and local rent control regulations affect 28 wholly-owned Properties, including 14 of our 47 California Properties, all 7 of our Delaware Properties, 1 of our 2 Maryland Properties, 1 of our 5 Massachusetts Properties, 1 of our 11 New Jersey Properties, 1 of our 7 New York Properties and 3 of our 11 Oregon Properties. These rent control regulations govern rent increases and generally permit us to increase rates by a percentage of the increase in the national, regional or local CPI, depending on the rent control ordinance. These rate increases generally range from 60.0% to 100.0% of CPI with certain limits depending on the jurisdiction.
The following table shows the breakdown of our Sites by type (amounts are approximate):
Total Sites as of
 December 31, 2023
MH Sites73,000 
RV Sites:
Annual34,900 
Seasonal12,500 
Transient15,600 
Marina Slips 6,900 
Membership (1)
26,000 
Joint Ventures (2)
3,600 
Total (3)
172,500 
_____________________
(1)Primarily utilized to service the approximately 121,000 members. Includes approximately 6,200 Sites rented on an annual basis.
(2)Includes approximately 2,000 annual Sites and 1,600 transient Sites.
(3)Total does not foot due to rounding.

Membership Sites are primarily utilized to service approximately 121,000 annual subscription members, including 23,600 free trial members added through our RV dealer program. The remaining 97,400 have purchased a Thousand Trails Camping (“TTC”) membership, which is an annual subscription providing the member access to our Properties in one to five geographic regions of the United States. In 2023, a TTC membership for a single geographic region required an annual payment of $670. In addition, members are eligible to upgrade their subscriptions. A membership upgrade may offer (1) increased length of consecutive stay; (2) the ability to make earlier advance reservations; (3) discounts on rental accommodations and (4) access to additional properties, including non-membership recreational vehicle ("RV") properties. Each membership upgrade requires a non-refundable upfront payment, for which we offer financing options to eligible customers. As a customer acquisition tool, we have relationships with a network of RV dealers to provide each new RV owner with a free one-year trial subscription to a TTC membership.
44

Management's Discussion and Analysis (continued)
In our Home Sales and Rentals Operations business, our revenue streams include home sales, home rentals and brokerage services and ancillary activities. We generate revenue through home sales and rental operations by selling or leasing manufactured homes and cottages that are located in Properties owned and managed by us. We believe renting our vacant homes represents an attractive source of occupancy and an opportunity to convert the renter to a homebuyer in the future. Additionally, home sale brokerage services are offered to our residents who may choose to sell their homes rather than relocate them when moving from a Property. At certain Properties, we operate ancillary facilities, such as golf courses, pro shops, stores and restaurants.
In the manufactured housing industry, options for home financing, also known as chattel financing, are limited. Chattel financing options available today include community owner-funded programs or third-party lender programs that provide subsidized financing to customers and often require the community owner to guarantee customer defaults. Third-party lender programs have stringent underwriting criteria, sizable down payment requirements, short term loan amortization and high interest rates. We have a limited program under which we purchase loans made by an unaffiliated lender to homebuyers at our Properties.
Under the existing administration, the Federal Housing Finance Agency (the “FHFA”), overseer of Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac (the “GSEs”) and the Federal Home Loan Banks, has focused on equitable access to affordable and sustainable housing. In 2017, the FHFA published the Underserved Markets Plans for 2018-2020 (the “GSE Plans”) under the Duty-To-Serve (“DTS”) provisions mandated by the Federal Housing Enterprises Financial Safety and Soundness Act of 1992, as amended by the Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008. The GSEs subsequently added a 2021 Plan as a one-year extension and have since published their current 2022-2024 Plans.
The FHFA mandate requires the GSE Plans to address leadership in developing loan products and flexible underwriting guidelines in underserved markets to facilitate a secondary market for mortgages on manufactured homes titled as real property or personal property, blanket loans for certain categories of manufactured housing communities, preserving the affordability of housing for renters and homebuyers, and housing in rural markets. While the FHFA and the current GSE 2022-24 DTS Plans may have a positive impact on the ability of our customers to obtain chattel financing, the actual impact on us, as well as the industry, cannot be determined at this time.
In addition to net income computed in accordance with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”), we assess and measure our overall financial and operating performance using certain Non-GAAP supplemental measures, which include: (i) FFO, (ii) Normalized FFO, (iii) Income from property operations, (iv) Income from property operations, excluding property management, and (v) Core Portfolio income from property operations, excluding property management (operating results for Properties owned and operated in both periods under comparison). We use these measures internally to evaluate the operating performance of our portfolio and provide a basis for comparison with other real estate companies. Definitions and reconciliations of these measures to the most comparable GAAP measures are included below in this discussion.
Results Overview
For the year ended December 31, 2023, net income available for Common Stockholders increased $29.6 million, or $0.16 per fully diluted Common Share, to $314.2 million, or $1.69 per fully diluted Common Share, compared to $284.6 million, or $1.53 per fully diluted Common Share, for the same period in 2022. For the year ended December 31, 2023, FFO available for Common Stock and OP Unit holders increased $36.1 million, or $0.18 per fully diluted Common Share, to $541.2 million, or $2.77 per fully diluted Common Share, compared to $505.1 million, or $2.59 per fully diluted Common Share, for the same period in 2022. For the year ended December 31, 2023, Normalized FFO available for Common Stock and OP Unit holders increased $24.4 million, or $0.12 per fully diluted Common Share, to $537.5 million, or $2.75 per fully diluted Common Share, compared to $513.1 million, or $2.63 per fully diluted Common Share, for the same period in 2022.
Our Core Portfolio could change from time-to-time depending on acquisitions, dispositions and significant transactions or unique situations. Our Core Portfolio in 2023 and 2022 includes all Properties acquired prior to December 31, 2021 that we have owned and operated continuously since January 1, 2022. Our Non-Core Portfolio includes all Properties that were not owned and operated during all of 2022 and 2023, including six properties in Florida impacted by Hurricane Ian and two properties in California that were impacted by storm and flooding events.
For the year ended December 31, 2023, property operating revenues in our Core Portfolio, increased 5.8% and property operating expenses in our Core Portfolio, excluding property management, increased 7.0%, from the year ended December 31, 2022, resulting in an increase in income from property operations, excluding property management, of 5.0%.
While we continue to focus on increasing the number of manufactured homeowners in our Core Portfolio, we also believe renting our vacant homes represents an attractive source of occupancy and an opportunity to potentially convert the renter to a new homebuyer in the future. We continue to expect there to be fluctuations in the sources of occupancy gains
45

Management's Discussion and Analysis (continued)
depending on local market conditions, availability of vacant sites and success with converting renters to homeowners. Our Core Portfolio average occupancy, including both homeowners and renters, in our MH communities was 94.9% and 95.1% for the years ended December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2023, our Core Portfolio occupancy increased by 5 sites with an increase in homeowner occupancy of 554 sites and a decrease in rental occupancy of 549. In addition to maintaining occupancy, we have experienced rental rate increases during the year ended December 31, 2023, which contributed to a growth of 6.8% in Core MH base rental income compared to the same period in 2022.
RV and marina base rental income in our Core Portfolio for the year ended December 31, 2023, was 3.5% higher than the same period in 2022 and was driven by an increase in annual and seasonal revenues. Core RV and marina base rental income from annuals represents more than 68.6% of total Core RV and marina base rental income and increased 8.1% for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022. Core seasonal RV and marina base rental income increased 2.6% for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022. Core transient RV and marina base rental income decreased 11.0% for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022.
We continue to experience strong performance in our membership base within our Thousand Trails portfolio. For the year ended December 31, 2023, annual membership subscriptions revenue increased 3.4% over the same period in 2022. During the year ended December 31, 2023, we sold 20,758 TTC memberships and activated 25,232 TTC memberships through our RV dealer program.
The following table provides additional details regarding our TTC memberships for the past five years:
20232022202120202019
TTC Origination45,990 51,415 50,523 44,129 41,484 
    TTC Sales20,758 23,237 23,923 20,587 19,267 
    RV Dealer TTC Activations25,232 28,178 26,600 23,542 22,217 
Demand for our homes and communities remains strong as evidenced by factors including our high occupancy levels. We closed 905 new home sales during the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to 1,176 new home sales during the year ended December 31, 2022. Our strategy of converting existing residents to home buyers continues to be successful with approximately 25% of our home sales during the year ended December 31, 2023 coming from individuals who already reside in our communities as an existing renter or homeowner.
Our gross investment in real estate increased $336.7 million to $7,706.3 million as of December 31, 2023, from $7,369.6 million as of December 31, 2022, primarily due to capital improvements during the year ended December 31, 2023.
46

Management's Discussion and Analysis (continued)
Property Acquisitions/Dispositions and Joint Ventures
The following chart lists the Properties acquired or sold from January 1, 2022 through December 31, 2023 and Sites added through expansion opportunities at our existing Properties.
LocationType of PropertyTransaction DateSites
Total Sites as of January 1, 2022 (1) (2)
169,300 
Acquisition Properties:
Blue Mesa Recreational RanchGunnison, ColoradoMembershipFebruary 18, 2022385
Pilot Knob RV ResortWinterhaven, CaliforniaRVFebruary 18, 2022247
Holiday Trav-L-Park ResortEmerald Isle, North CarolinaRVJune 15, 2022299
Oceanside RV ResortOceanside, CaliforniaRVJune 16, 2022139
Hiawasee KOA JVHiawassee, GeorgiaUnconsolidated JVNovember 10, 2022283
Whippoorwill CampgroundMarmora, New JerseyRVDecember 20, 2022288
Red Oak Shores CampgroundOcean View, New JerseyRVMarch 28, 2023223
Expansion Site Development:
Sites added (reconfigured) in 20221,034 
Sites added (reconfigured) in 2023994 
Ground Lease Termination:
WestwindsSan Jose, CaliforniaMHAugust 31, 2022(723)
Total Sites as of December 31, 2023 (1) (2)
172,500 
_____________________
(1)    Includes the marina slips.
(2)    Sites are approximate.

Markets
The following table identifies our largest markets by number of Sites and provides information regarding our Properties (excluding fourteen Properties owned through our Joint Ventures).
Major MarketTotal SitesNumber of
Properties
Percent of
Total Sites
Percent of Total
Property Operating
Revenue
Florida64,609 151 38.3 %45.3 %
Northeast21,907 59 13.0 %11.3 %
Arizona19,394 44 11.5 %10.4 %
California13,440 47 8.0 %10.6 %
Southeast13,009 34 7.7 %5.8 %
Midwest12,477 31 7.4 %5.4 %
Texas10,465 20 6.2 %2.6 %
Northwest6,457 26 3.8 %3.0 %
Colorado3,829 11 2.3 %3.3 %
Other3,314 14 2.0 %2.3 %
Total168,901 437 100.0 %100.0 %

Qualification as a REIT
Commencing with our taxable year ended December 31, 1993, we have elected to be taxed as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes. We believe we have met the requirements and have qualified for taxation as a REIT and we plan to continue to meet these requirements. The requirements for qualification as a REIT are highly technical and complex, as they pertain to the ownership of our outstanding stock, the nature of our assets, the sources of our income and the amount of our
47

Management's Discussion and Analysis (continued)
distributions to our stockholders. Examples include that at least 95% of our gross income must come from sources that are itemized in the REIT tax laws and at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, computed without regard to our deduction for dividends paid and our net capital gain, must be distributed to stockholders annually. If we fail to qualify as a REIT and are unable to correct such failure, we would be subject to U.S. federal income tax at regular corporate rates. Additionally, we could remain disqualified as a REIT for four years following the year we first failed to qualify. Even if we qualify for taxation as a REIT, we are subject to certain foreign, state and local taxes on our income and property and U.S. federal income and excise taxes on our undistributed income.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
Management's discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations include certain Non-GAAP financial measures that in management's view of the business are meaningful as they allow investors the ability to understand key operating details of our business that may not always be indicative of recurring annual cash flow of the portfolio. These Non-GAAP financial measures as determined and presented by us may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies and include income from property operations and Core Portfolio, FFO, and Normalized FFO.
We believe investors should review Income from property operations and Core Portfolio, FFO, and Normalized FFO, along with GAAP net income and cash flows from operating activities, investing activities and financing activities, when evaluating an equity REIT's operating performance. A discussion of Income from property operations and Core Portfolio, FFO, Normalized FFO and a reconciliation to net income, are included below.
Income from Property Operations and Core Portfolio
We use income from property operations, income from property operations, excluding property management and Core Portfolio income from property operations, excluding property management, as alternative measures to evaluate the operating results of our Properties. Income from property operations represents rental income, membership subscriptions and upgrade sales, utility and other income less property and rental home operating and maintenance expenses, real estate taxes, membership sales and marketing expenses and property management expenses. Income from property operations, excluding property management, represents income from property operations excluding property management expenses. Property management represents the expenses associated with indirect costs such as off-site payroll and certain administrative and professional expenses. We believe exclusion of property management expenses is helpful to investors and analysts as a measure of the operating results of our properties, excluding items that are not directly related to the operation of the properties. For comparative purposes, we present bad debt expense within Property operating and maintenance in the current and prior periods. We believe that this Non-GAAP financial measure is helpful to investors and analysts as a measure of the operating results of our properties.
Our Core Portfolio consists of our Properties owned and operated during all of 2022 and 2023. Core Portfolio income from property operations, excluding property management, is useful to investors for annual comparison as it removes the fluctuations associated with acquisitions, dispositions and significant transactions or unique situations. Our Non-Core Portfolio includes all Properties that were not owned and operated during all of 2022 and 2023, including six properties in Florida impacted by Hurricane Ian and two properties in California that were impacted by storm and flooding events.
Funds from Operations (FFO) and Normalized Funds from Operations (Normalized FFO)
We define FFO as net income, computed in accordance with GAAP, excluding gains or losses from sales of properties, depreciation and amortization related to real estate, impairment charges and adjustments to reflect our share of FFO of unconsolidated joint ventures. Adjustments for unconsolidated joint ventures are calculated to reflect FFO on the same basis. We compute FFO in accordance with our interpretation of standards established by the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (“NAREIT”), which may not be comparable to FFO reported by other REITs that do not define the term in accordance with the current NAREIT definition or that interpret the current NAREIT definition differently than we do.
We believe FFO, as defined by the Board of Governors of NAREIT, is generally a measure of performance for an equity REIT. While FFO is a relevant and widely used measure of operating performance for equity REITs, it does not represent cash flow from operations or net income as defined by GAAP, and it should not be considered as an alternative to these indicators in evaluating liquidity or operating performance.
We define Normalized FFO as FFO excluding non-operating income and expense items, such as gains and losses from early debt extinguishment, including prepayment penalties, defeasance costs, transaction/pursuit costs, and other miscellaneous non-comparable items.
48

Management's Discussion and Analysis (continued)
We believe that FFO and Normalized FFO are helpful to investors as supplemental measures of the performance of an equity REIT. We believe that by excluding the effect of gains or losses from sales of properties, depreciation and amortization related to real estate and impairment charges, which are based on historical costs and may be of limited relevance in evaluating current performance, FFO can facilitate comparisons of operating performance between periods and among other equity REITs. We further believe that Normalized FFO provides useful information to investors, analysts and our management because it allows them to compare our operating performance to the operating performance of other real estate companies and between periods on a consistent basis without having to account for differences not related to our normal operations. For example, we believe that excluding the early extinguishment of debt and other miscellaneous non-comparable items from FFO allows investors, analysts and our management to assess the sustainability of operating performance in future periods because these costs do not affect the future operations of the properties. In some cases, we provide information about identified non-cash components of FFO and Normalized FFO because it allows investors, analysts and our management to assess the impact of those items.
Our definitions and calculations of these Non-GAAP financial and operating measures and other terms may differ from the definitions and methodologies used by other REITs and accordingly, may not be comparable. These Non-GAAP financial and operating measures do not represent cash generated from operating activities in accordance with GAAP, nor do they represent cash available to pay distributions and should not be considered as an alternative to net income, determined in accordance with GAAP, as an indication of our financial performance, or to cash flows from operating activities, determined in accordance with GAAP, as a measure of our liquidity, nor is it indicative of funds available to fund our cash needs, including our ability to make cash distributions.
The following table reconciles net income available for Common Stockholders to income from property operations for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021:
 Total Portfolio
(amounts in thousands)
202320222021
Computation of Income from Property Operations:
Net income available for Common Stockholders$314,191 $284,611 $262,462 
Redeemable preferred stock dividends16 16 16 
Income allocated to non-controlling interests – Common OP Units15,470 14,198 13,522 
Consolidated net income329,677 298,825 276,000 
Equity in income of unconsolidated joint ventures(2,713)(3,363)(3,881)
Income tax benefit(10,488)— — 
(Gain)/Loss on sale of real estate and impairment, net3,581 — 59 
Gross revenues from home sales, brokered resales and ancillary services(145,219)(180,179)(152,517)
Interest income(9,037)(7,430)(7,016)
Income from other investments, net(8,703)(8,553)(4,555)
Property management76,170 74,083 65,979 
Depreciation and amortization203,738 202,362 188,444 
Cost of home sales, brokered resales and ancillary services107,668 139,012 120,623 
Home selling expenses and ancillary operating expenses27,453 27,321 23,538 
General and administrative47,280 44,857 39,576 
Casualty-related charges/(recoveries), net— — — 
Other expenses5,768 8,646 4,241 
Early debt retirement68 1,156 2,784 
Interest and related amortization132,342 116,562 108,718 
Income from property operations, excluding property management$757,585 $713,299 $661,993 
Property management$(76,170)$(74,083)$(65,979)
Income from property operations$681,415 $639,216 $596,014 

49

Management's Discussion and Analysis (continued)
The following table presents a calculation of FFO available for Common Stock and OP Unitholders and Normalized FFO available for Common Stock and OP Unitholders for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021:
(amounts in thousands)202320222021
Computation of FFO and Normalized FFO:
Net income available for Common Stockholders$314,191 $284,611 $262,462 
Income allocated to non-controlling interests – Common OP Units15,470 14,198 13,522 
Depreciation and amortization203,738 202,362 188,444 
Depreciation on unconsolidated joint ventures4,599 3,886 1,083 
Gain on unconsolidated joint ventures(416)— — 
Loss on sale of real estate and impairment, net 3,581 — 59 
FFO available for Common Stock and OP Unit holders541,163 505,057 465,570 
Deferred tax benefit (1)
(10,488)— — 
Accelerated vesting of stock-based compensation expense (2)
6,320 — — 
Early debt retirement68 1,156 2,784 
Transaction/pursuit costs (3)
368 3,807 598 
Lease termination expenses (4)
90 3,119 — 
Normalized FFO available for Common Stock and OP Unit holders$537,521 $513,139 $468,952 
Weighted average Common Shares outstanding—Fully Diluted195,429 195,255 192,883 
_____________________
(1)Represents the release of the valuation allowance of U.S. federal and state deferred tax assets related to our taxable REIT subsidiaries.
(2)Represents accelerated vesting of stock-based compensation expense of $6.3 million recognized during the quarter ended June 30, 2023 as a result of the passing of a member of our Board of Directors.
(3)Represents transaction/pursuit costs related to unconsummated acquisitions included in Other expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Income.
(4)Represents non-operating expenses associated with the Westwinds ground leases that terminated on August 31, 2022 and is included in General and Administrative expenses in the Consolidated Statement of Income.
50

Management's Discussion and Analysis (continued)
Results of Operations
This section discusses the comparison of our results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. Our Core Portfolio could change from time-to-time depending on acquisitions, dispositions and significant transactions or unique situations. Our Core Portfolio consists of our Properties owned and operated during all of 2022 and 2023. Our Non-Core Portfolio includes all Properties that were not owned and operated during all of 2022 and 2023, including six properties in Florida impacted by Hurricane Ian and two properties in California that were impacted by storm and flooding events. For the comparison of our results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 and discussion of our operating activities, investing activities and financing activities for these years, refer to Part II, Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations of the Annual Report on Form 10-K/A for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the SEC on January 22, 2024.
Income from Property Operations
The following table summarizes certain financial and statistical data for our Core Portfolio and total portfolio:
 Core PortfolioTotal Portfolio
(amounts in thousands)
20232022Variance%
Change
20232022Variance%
Change
MH base rental income (1)
$668,504 $625,986 $42,518 6.8 %$669,127 $633,958 $35,169 5.5 %
Rental home income (1)
14,580 15,199 (619)(4.1)%14,626 15,244 (618)(4.1)%
RV and marina base rental income (1)
405,965 392,349 13,616 3.5 %425,664 409,615 16,049 3.9 %
Annual membership subscriptions64,026 61,715 2,311 3.7 %65,379 63,215 2,164 3.4 %
Membership upgrades sales (2)
13,946 11,584 2,362 20.4 %14,719 12,958 1,761 13.6 %
Utility and other income (3)
120,486 109,534 10,952 10.0 %141,178 120,750 20,428 16.9 %
Property operating revenues1,287,507 1,216,367 71,140 5.8 %1,330,693 1,255,740 74,953 6.0 %
Property operating and maintenance (1)(3)
455,654 426,447 29,207 6.8 %468,741 442,586 26,155 5.9 %
Real estate taxes75,744 69,417 6,327 9.1 %77,993 74,145 3,848 5.2 %
Rental home operating and maintenance5,390 5,370 20 0.4 %5,400 5,393 0.1 %
Membership sales and marketing (4)
20,734 19,653 1,081 5.5 %20,974 20,317 657 3.2 %
Property operating expenses, excluding property management557,522 520,887 36,635 7.0 %573,108 542,441 30,667 5.7 %
Income from property operations, excluding property management (5)
729,985 695,480 34,505 5.0 %757,585 713,299 44,286 6.2 %
Property management76,170 74,082 2,088 2.8 %76,170 74,083 2,087 2.8 %
Income from property operations (5)
$653,815 $621,398 $32,417 5.2 %$681,415 $639,216 $42,199 6.6 %
_____________________
(1)    Rental income consists of the following total portfolio income items in this table: 1) MH base rental income, 2) Rental home income, 3) RV and marina base rental income and 4) Utility income, which is calculated by subtracting Other income on the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income from Utility and other income in this table. The difference between the sum of the total portfolio income items and Rental income on the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income is bad debt expense, which is presented in Property operating and maintenance expense in this table.
(2)    Membership upgrade sales revenue is net of deferrals of $21.0 million and $21.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
(3)    Includes bad debt expense for all periods presented.
(4)    Membership sales and marketing expense is net of sales commission deferrals of $3.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.
(5)    See Non-GAAP Financial Measures section of the Management's Discussion and Analysis for definitions and reconciliations of these Non-GAAP measures to Net Income available for Common Shareholders.
Total portfolio income from property operations for 2023 increased $42.2 million, or 6.6%, from 2022, driven by an increase of $32.4 million, or 5.2%, from our Core Portfolio and an increase of $9.8 million from our Non-Core Portfolio. The increase in income from property operations from our Core Portfolio was primarily due to higher property operating revenues, primarily in MH base rental income and RV and marina base rental income, partially offset by an increase in property operating expenses, excluding property management. The increase in income from property operations from our Non-Core Portfolio was attributed to income from properties acquired in the fourth quarter of 2022 and during the year ended December 31, 2023.



51

Management's Discussion and Analysis (continued)
Property Operating Revenues
MH base rental income in our Core Portfolio for 2023 increased $42.5 million, or 6.8%, from 2022, which was primarily due to growth from rate increases of 7.0%. The average monthly base rental income per Site in our Core portfolio increased to approximately $810 in 2023 from approximately $757 in 2022. The average occupancy in our Core Portfolio was 94.9% in 2023 and 95.1% in 2022.
RV and marina base rental income is comprised of the following:
 Core PortfolioTotal Portfolio
(amounts in thousands)20232022Variance% Change20232022Variance% Change
Annual$278,304 $257,375 $20,929 8.1 %$291,524 $266,100 $25,424 9.6 %
Seasonal56,568 55,122 1,446 2.6 %58,535 58,874 (339)(0.6)%
Transient71,093 79,852 (8,759)(11.0)%75,605 84,641 (9,036)(10.7)%
RV and marina base rental income$405,965 $392,349 $13,616 3.5 %$425,664 $409,615 $16,049 3.9 %
Core Annual RV and marina base rental income increased during the year ended December 31, 2023, from the year ended December 31, 2022, across all regions and was due to growth from rate increases of 7.6% and 0.5% from occupancy gains. The increase in Core Seasonal RV and marina base rental income was driven by increases in the South and West regions. The decrease in Core Transient RV and marina base rental income was mainly a result of unfavorable weather patterns.
Utility and other income in our Core Portfolio for 2023 increased $11.0 million, or 10.0%, from 2022. The increase was primarily due to higher utility income of $5.8 million and an increase in other property income of $5.2 million. Utility income increased across all utility types.
Property Operating Expenses
Property operating expenses, excluding property management, in our Core Portfolio for 2023 increased $36.6 million, or 7.0%, from 2022, primarily due to increases in property operating and maintenance expenses of $29.2 million and real estate taxes of $6.3 million. Property operating and maintenance expenses were higher in 2023, primarily due to increases in utility expenses of $9.6 million, insurance of $8.5 million, repair and maintenance expenses of $8.1 million and property payroll expenses of $3.1 million.
Home Sales and Other
The following table summarizes certain financial and statistical data for our Home Sales and Other Operations:
(amounts in thousands, except home sales volumes)20232022Variance% Change
Gross revenue from new home sales$88,546 $116,790 $(28,244)(24.2)%
Cost of new home sales 78,427 104,684 (26,257)(25.1)%
Gross revenue from used home sales3,872 4,401 (529)(12.0)%
Cost of used home sales4,050 4,212 (162)(3.8)%
Gross revenue from brokered resales and ancillary services52,801 58,988 (6,187)(10.5)%
Cost of brokered resales and ancillary services25,191 30,116 (4,925)(16.4)%
Home selling and ancillary operating expenses27,453 27,321 132 0.5 %
Home sales volumes:
New home sales905 1,176 (271)(23.0)%
Used home sales 313 337 (24)(7.1)%
Brokered home resales630 808 (178)(22.0)%
Gross revenue from new home sales decreased $28.2 million and Cost of new home sales decreased $26.3 million during the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to the year ended December 31, 2022, primarily due to a decrease in the number of new homes sold.


52

Management's Discussion and Analysis (continued)
Rental Operations
The following table summarizes certain financial and statistical data for our MH Rental Operations:
(amounts in thousands, except rental unit volumes)20232022Variance% Change
Rental operations revenue (1)
$38,633 $42,871 $(4,238)(9.9)%
Rental home operating and maintenance5,390 5,370 20 0.4 %
Depreciation on rental homes (2)
10,881 10,060 821 8.2 %
Gross investment in new manufactured home rental units$245,130 $237,932 $7,198 3.0 %
Gross investment in used manufactured home rental units$12,245 $15,127 $(2,882)(19.1)%
Net investment in new manufactured home rental units$203,936 $205,946 $(2,010)(1.0)%
Net investment in used manufactured home rental units$7,372 $10,837 $(3,465)(32.0)%
Number of occupied rentals – new, end of period2,0162,481(465)(18.7)%
Number of occupied rentals—used, end of period246330(84)(25.5)%
_____________________
(1)Consists of Site rental income and home rental income. Approximately $24.1 million and $27.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, of Site rental income is included in MH base rental income in the Core Portfolio Income from Property Operations table. The remainder of home rental income is included in rental home income in our Core Portfolio Income from Property Operations table.
(2)Presented in Depreciation and amortization in the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income.
Other Income and Expenses
The following table summarizes other income and expenses:
(amounts in thousands, expenses shown as negative)20232022Variance% Change
Depreciation and amortization$(203,738)$(202,362)$(1,376)(0.7)%
Interest income9,037 7,430 1,607 21.6 %
Income from other investments, net8,703 8,553 150 1.8 %
General and administrative(47,280)(44,857)(2,423)(5.4)%
Other expenses(5,768)(8,646)2,878 33.3 %
Early debt retirement(68)(1,156)1,088 94.1 %
Interest and related amortization(132,342)(116,562)(15,780)(13.5)%
Total other income and expenses, net$(371,456)$(357,600)$(13,856)(3.9)%

Total other income and expenses, net increased $13.9 million in 2023 compared to 2022, primarily due to higher interest and related amortization expenses, general and administrative, depreciation and amortization. The increase in interest and related amortization is due to higher debt levels in 2023 compared to 2022. The increase in general and administrative expenses was primarily due to higher payroll and related benefits. The increase in depreciation and amortization was due to depreciation on Non-Core properties acquired throughout 2022 and 2023.
Casualty related charges/(recoveries), net
During the year ended December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we recognized expenses of approximately $13.4 million and $40.6 million related to debris removal and cleanup costs related to Hurricane Ian and an offsetting insurance recovery revenue accrual of $13.4 million and $40.6 million, respectively, related to the expected insurance recovery as a result of Hurricane Ian, which is included in Casualty related charges/recoveries, net in the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income.
During the year ended December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we received insurance proceeds of approximately $68.3 million and zero, respectively, of which $10.6 million and zero was identified as business interruption recovery revenue, respectively.
Loss on sale of real estate and impairment, net
During the year ended December 31, 2023, we recorded a $3.6 million reduction to the carrying value of certain assets, as a result of property damage caused by weather events in 2023.
During the year ended December 31, 2022, we recorded a $5.4 million reduction to the carrying value of certain assets as a result of property damage caused by Hurricane Ian and offsetting insurance recovery revenue of $5.4 million for the expected recovery from this loss.
53

Management's Discussion and Analysis (continued)
Income tax benefit
During the year ended December 31, 2023, we released the full valuation allowance of $10.5 million related to our taxable REIT subsidiaries deferred tax assets.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Liquidity
Our primary demands for liquidity include payment of operating expenses, dividend distributions, debt service, including principal and interest, capital improvements on Properties, home purchases and property acquisitions. We expect similar demand for liquidity will continue for the short-term and long-term. Our primary sources of cash include operating cash flows, proceeds from financings, borrowings under our unsecured Line of Credit (“LOC”) and proceeds from issuance of equity and debt securities.
One of our stated objectives is to maintain financial flexibility. Achieving this objective allows us to take advantage of strategic opportunities that may arise. When investing capital, we consider all potential uses, including returning capital to our stockholders or the conditions under which we may repurchase our stock. These conditions include, but are not limited to, market price, balance sheet flexibility, alternative opportunistic capital uses and capital requirements. We believe effective management of our balance sheet, including maintaining various access points to raise capital, managing future debt maturities and borrowing at competitive rates, enables us to meet this objective. Accessing long-term secured debt continues to be our focus.
Total secured debt encumbered a total of 120 and 114 of our Properties as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, and the gross carrying value of such Properties was approximately $3,194.1 million and $2,868.3 million, as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
We also utilize interest rate swaps to add stability to our interest expense and to manage our exposure to interest rate movements. Interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges involve the receipt of variable amounts from a counterparty in exchange for making fixed-rate payments over the life of the agreements without exchange of the underlying notional amount. The changes in the fair value of the designated derivative are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and subsequently reclassified into earnings on the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income in the period that the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings.
We expect to meet our short-term liquidity requirements, including principal payments, capital improvements and dividend distributions for the next twelve months, generally through available cash, net cash provided by operating activities and our LOC. As of December 31, 2023, our LOC had a remaining borrowing capacity of $469.0 million with the option to increase the borrowing capacity by $200.0 million, subject to certain conditions. The LOC bears interest at a rate of Secured Overnight Financing Rate plus 1.25% to 1.65%, requires an annual facility fee of 0.20% to 0.35% and matures on April 18, 2025.
We expect to meet certain long-term liquidity requirements, such as scheduled debt maturities, property acquisitions and capital improvements, using long-term collateralized and uncollateralized borrowings including the existing LOC and the issuance of debt securities.
For information regarding our debt activities and related borrowing arrangements, see Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data—Note 9. Borrowing Arrangements.
By the end of February 2024, we anticipate entering into a new at-the-market (“ATM”) equity offering program, pursuant to which we may sell, from time-to-time, shares of our common stock, par value $0.01 per share, having an aggregate offering price of up to $500.0 million.
The following table summarizes our cash flows activity:
 For the years ended December 31,
(amounts in thousands)
202320222021
Net cash provided by operating activities$548,005 $475,814 $509,027 
Net cash used in investing activities(324,753)(402,067)(828,430)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities(215,662)(174,798)418,741 
Net increase (decrease) in cash and restricted cash$7,590 $(101,051)$99,338 

54

Management's Discussion and Analysis (continued)
Operating Activities
Net cash provided by operating activities increased $72.2 million to $548.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, from $475.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. The overall increase in net cash provided by operating activities was primarily due to a net increase in proceeds from insurance claims and higher income from property operations partially offset by changes in accounts payable and other liabilities.
The following table summarizes our purchase and sale activity of manufactured homes:
 For the years ended December 31,
(amounts in thousands)
202320222021
Purchase of manufactured homes$(106,627)$(123,522)$(86,025)
Sale of manufactured homes74,802 96,103 81,062 
Manufactured homes, net$(31,825)$(27,419)$(4,963)
Investing Activities
Net cash used in investing activities decreased $77.3 million to $324.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, from $402.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. The decrease in net cash used in investing activities was primarily due to a decrease in acquisitions of $130.7 million, partially offset by an increase in capital improvements of $67.8 million.
Capital improvements
The following table summarizes capital improvements:
 For the years ended December 31,
(amounts in thousands)202320222021
Asset preservation (1)
$58,969 $46,406 $43,618 
Improvements and renovations (2)
40,757 34,121 26,887 
Property upgrades and development (3)
183,174 134,318 120,209 
Site development (4)
27,005 22,105 10,370 
Total property improvements309,905 236,950 201,084 
Corporate 7,181 12,327 3,181 
Total capital improvements$317,086 $249,277 $204,265 
_____________________
(1)Includes upkeep of property infrastructure including utilities and streets and replacement of community equipment and vehicles.
(2)Includes enhancements to amenities such as buildings, common areas, swimming pools and replacement of furniture and site amenities.
(3)Includes $34.3 million of restoration and improvement capital expenditures related to Hurricane Ian for the year ended December 31, 2023.
(4)Includes capital expenditures to improve the infrastructure required to set manufactured homes.
Financing Activities
Net cash used in financing activities increased $40.9 million to $215.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, from $174.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. The increase in net cash used in financing activities was primarily due to increased dividend distributions of $31.6 million.
55

Management's Discussion and Analysis (continued)
Contractual Obligations
As of December 31, 2023, we were subject to certain contractual payment obligations(1) as described in the following table:
(amounts in thousands)
Total20242025202620272028Thereafter
Long Term Borrowings (2)
$3,548,149 $64,445 $182,820 $366,784 $269,481 $243,963 $2,420,655 
Interest Expense (3)
955,555 129,044 123,930 116,468 102,513 97,896 385,704 
LOC Maintenance Fee1,317 1,017 300 — — — — 
Ground Leases (4)
7,253 675 680 684 689 685 3,840 
Office and Other Leases27,417 3,804 3,710 3,346 3,082 2,906 10,569 
Total Contractual Obligations$4,539,691 $198,985 $311,440 $487,282 $375,765 $345,450 $2,820,768 
Weighted average interest rates - Long Term Borrowings3.79 %3.71 %3.70 %3.83 %3.80 %3.80 %3.83 %
_____________________
(1)We do not include insurance, property taxes and cancellable contracts in the contractual obligations table.
(2)Balances exclude unamortized deferred financing costs of $29.5 million. Balances represent debt maturing and scheduled periodic payments as well as our LOC balance of $31.0 million outstanding as of December 31, 2023, on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
(3)Amounts include interest expected to be incurred on our secured and unsecured debt based on obligations outstanding as of December 31, 2023.
(4)Amounts represent minimum future rental payments for land under non-cancelable operating leases at certain of our Properties expiring at various years through 2054.
We believe that we will be able to refinance our maturing debt obligations on a secured or unsecured basis; however, to the extent we are unable to refinance our debt as it matures, we believe that we will be able to repay such maturing debt through available cash as well as operating cash flows, asset sales and/or the proceeds from equity issuances. With respect to any refinancing of maturing debt, our future cash flow requirements could be impacted by significant changes in interest rates or other debt terms, including required amortization payments. As of December 31, 2023, approximately 18.3% of our outstanding debt is fully amortizing.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Our consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with GAAP, which requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and the related disclosures. Actual results could differ from these estimates.
For additional information regarding our significant accounting policies, see Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data—Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
We review our Properties for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the Property may not be recoverable. The economic performance and value of our real estate investments could be adversely impacted by many factors including factors outside of our control. We consider impairment indicators including, but not limited to, the following:
national, regional and/or local economic conditions;
competition from MH and RV communities and other housing options;
changes in laws and governmental regulations and the related costs of compliance;
changes in market rental rates or occupancy; and
physical damage or environmental indicators.
Any adverse changes in these factors could cause an impairment in our assets, including our investment in real estate and development projects in progress.
If an impairment indicator exists related to a long-lived asset, the expected future undiscounted cash flows are compared against the carrying amount of that asset. Forecasting cash flows requires us to make estimates and assumptions on various inputs including, but not limited to, rental revenue and expense growth rates, occupancy, levels of capital expenditure and capitalization rates. If the sum of the estimated undiscounted cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the asset, an impairment loss is recorded for the carrying amount in excess of the estimated fair value.
56

Management's Discussion and Analysis (continued)
Off Balance Sheet Arrangements
We do not have any off balance sheet arrangements that are reasonably likely to have a material effect on our financial condition, results of operations, liquidity or capital resources.
Inflation
Substantially all of the leases at our MH communities allow for monthly or annual rent increases which provide us with the ability to increase rent, where justified by the market. Such types of leases generally minimize our risks of inflation. In addition, rental rates for our annual RV and marina Sites are established on an annual basis. Our membership subscriptions generally provide for an annual dues increase, but dues may be frozen under the terms of certain contracts if the customer is over 61 years old. Currently, approximately 20.0% of our dues are frozen.
Some of our costs, including operating and administrative expenses, interest expense and construction costs are subject to inflation. These expenses include but are not limited to property-related contracted services, utilities, repairs and maintenance and insurance and general and administrative costs, including compensation costs.

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Our primary market risk exposure is interest rate changes at the time we need to obtain new or refinance existing long-term debt that is used to maintain liquidity and fund our operations. Our interest rate risk management objectives are to limit the impact of increasing interest rates on earnings and cash flows. To achieve our objectives, we borrow primarily at fixed rates and in some cases variable rates. With regard to variable rate financing, we assess interest rate cash flow risk by identifying and monitoring changes in interest rate exposure that may adversely impact future cash flows and by evaluating hedging opportunities.
The fair value of our long-term debt obligations is affected by changes in market interest rates, however our scheduled maturities are well laddered from 2025 to 2041, which minimizes the market risk until the debt matures. As of December 31, 2023, we had no secured debt maturing in 2024. In addition, 18.3% of our outstanding debt is fully amortizing, further reducing the risk related to increased interest rates.
For each increase in interest rates of 1.0% (or 100 basis points), the fair value of the total outstanding debt would decrease by approximately $302.1 million. For each decrease in interest rates of 1.0% (or 100 basis points), the fair value of the total outstanding debt would increase by approximately $330.7 million. Our secured debt has fixed interest rates so interest expense and cash flows would not be affected by fluctuations in interest rates. The variable rate on our unsecured $200.0 million term loan is fixed through the utilization of an interest rate swap through maturity of the term loan, so interest expense and cash flows would not be affected by fluctuations in interest rates. The variable rate on our unsecured $300.0 million term loan is fixed through the utilization of an interest rate swap, which matures March 25, 2024. After the maturity of the interest rate swap, our unsecured $300.0 million term loan will bear interest at SOFR plus 1.40% to 1.95% per annum. Our line of credit bears interest at a rate of SOFR plus 1.25% to 1.65%.





57


FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
In addition to historical information, this report includes certain “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. When used, words such as “anticipate,” “expect,” “believe,” “project,” “intend,” “may be” and “will be” and similar words or phrases, or the negative thereof, unless the context requires otherwise, are intended to identify forward-looking statements and may include without limitation, information regarding our expectations, goals or intentions regarding the future and the expected effect of our acquisitions. These forward-looking statements are subject to numerous assumptions, risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to:
our ability to control costs and real estate market conditions, our ability to retain customers, the actual use of Sites by customers and our success in acquiring new customers at our Properties (including those that we may acquire);
our ability to maintain historical or increase future rental rates and occupancy with respect to properties currently owned or that we may acquire;
our ability to attract and retain customers entering, renewing and upgrading membership subscriptions;
our assumptions about rental and home sales markets;
our ability to manage counterparty risk;
our ability to renew our insurance policies at existing rates and on consistent terms;
home sales results could be impacted by the ability of potential homebuyers to sell their existing residences as well as by financial, credit and capital markets volatility;
results from home sales and occupancy will continue to be impacted by local economic conditions, including an adequate supply of homes at reasonable costs, lack of affordable manufactured home financing and competition from alternative housing options including site-built single-family housing;
impact of government intervention to stabilize site-built single-family housing and not manufactured housing;
effective integration of recent acquisitions and our estimates regarding the future performance of recent acquisitions;
the completion of future transactions in their entirety, if any, and timing and effective integration with respect thereto;
unanticipated costs or unforeseen liabilities associated with recent acquisitions;
the effect of potential damage from natural disasters, including hurricanes and other weather-related events, which could result in substantial costs to our business;
our ability to obtain financing or refinance existing debt on favorable terms or at all;
the effect of inflation and interest rates;
the effect from any breach of our, or any of our vendors', data management systems;
the dilutive effects of issuing additional securities;
the potential impact of, and our ability to remediate, material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting;
the outcome of pending or future lawsuits or actions brought by or against us, including those disclosed in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission; and
other risks indicated from time to time in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
In addition, these forward-looking statements are subject to risks related to the COVID-19 pandemic, many of which are unknown, including the duration of the pandemic, the extent of the adverse health impact on the general population and on our residents, customers and employees in particular, its impact on the employment rate and the economy, the extent and impact of governmental responses and the impact of operational changes we have implemented and may implement in response to the pandemic.
These forward-looking statements are based on management's present expectations and beliefs about future events. As with any projection or forecast, these statements are inherently susceptible to uncertainty and changes in circumstances. We are under no obligation to, and expressly disclaim any obligation to, update or alter our forward-looking statements whether as a result of such changes, new information, subsequent events or otherwise.



58


Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
See Index to Consolidated Financial Statements and Schedule on page F-1 of this Form 10-K.

Item 9. Changes In and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
None.

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer) and Chief Financial Officer (principal financial officer), maintains a system of disclosure controls and procedures, designed to provide reasonable assurance that information we are required to disclose in the reports that we file under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that we will detect or uncover failures to disclose material information otherwise required to be set forth in our periodic reports.
Our management, with the participation of the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2023. Based on that evaluation as of the end of the period covered by this annual report, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to give reasonable assurances to the timely collection, evaluation and our disclosure of information that would potentially be subject to disclosure under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder as of December 31, 2023.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Other than the item noted below, there were no material changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the year ended December 31, 2023.
Report of Management on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Our internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with GAAP.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Based on management's assessment, we maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023. In making this assessment, management used the criteria established by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”) in “Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013 framework).
The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, has been audited by our independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in its report on page F-4.
Remediation of Material Weakness
As previously reported in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K/A, management identified a material weakness related to the evaluation of the classification of cash flows pursuant to the predominance principle in ASC 230 associated with the purchase and sale of manufactured homes within the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows. During the quarter ended June 30, 2023, we enhanced our control activities related to the evaluation of the classification of cash flows pursuant to the predominance principle in ASC 230 associated with the purchase and sale of manufactured homes within the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows. We tested the enhanced control activities as of June 30, 2023 and September 30, 2023 and
59


management has concluded, through its testing, that the control was operating effectively and the material weakness was remediated as of September 30, 2023.

Item 9B. Other Information
None.

Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections
Not applicable.
60


PART III
Items 10 and 11. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance, and Executive Compensation
The information required by Items 10 and 11 will be contained in the Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A for the 2024 Annual Meeting and is therefore incorporated by reference, and thus Items 10 and 11 have been omitted in accordance with General Instruction G(3) to Form 10-K.

Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans
The following table presents securities authorized for issuance under our equity compensation plans as of December 31, 2023:
Plan CategoryNumber of securities to
be Issued upon Exercise
of Outstanding  Options,
Warrants and Rights
(a)
Weighted-average Exercise Price of Outstanding Options, Warrants and RightsNumber of Securities Remaining Available for Future Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans (excluding securities reflected in column (a))
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders (1)
89,435 $56.18 5,135,450 
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders (2)
N/AN/A644,579 
Total89,435 $56.18 5,780,029 
_____________________
(1)Represents shares of common stock under our Equity Incentive Plan effective May 13, 2014 (the 2014 Plan).
(2)Represents shares of common stock under our Employee Stock Purchase Plan effective July 1997, as amended and restated in May 2016. Under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan, eligible employees may make contributions which are used to purchase shares of common stock at a purchase price equal to 85% of the lesser of the closing price of a share of common stock on the first or last trading day of the purchase period. Purchases of common stock under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan are made on the first business day of the next month after the close of the purchase period. Under NYSE rules then in effect, stockholder approval was not required for the Employee Stock Purchase Plan because it is a broad-based plan available generally to all employees.
The information required by Item 403 of Regulation S-K “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management” required by Item 12 will be contained in the Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A for the 2024 Annual Meeting and is therefore incorporated by reference, and thus has been omitted in accordance with General Instruction G(3) to Form 10-K.

Items 13 and 14. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence, and Principal Accounting Fees and Services
The information required by Items 13 and 14 will be contained in the Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A for the 2024 Annual Meeting and is therefore incorporated by reference, and thus Items 13 and 14 have been omitted in accordance with General Instruction G(3) to Form 10-K.










61


PART IV
Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statements Schedules

1.Financial Statements
    See Index to Consolidated Financial Statements and Schedule on page F-1 of this Form 10-K.

2.Financial Statement Schedule
    See Index to Consolidated Financial Statements and Schedule on page F-1 of this Form 10-K.

3.Exhibits:

In reviewing the agreements included as exhibits to this Form 10-K, please remember they are included to provide you with information regarding their terms and are not intended to provide any other factual or disclosure information about us or the other parties to the agreements. The agreements may contain representations and warranties by each of the parties to the applicable agreement. These representations and warranties have been made solely for the benefit of the other parties to the applicable agreement and:
should not in all instances be treated as categorical statements of fact, but rather as a way of allocating the risk to one of the parties if those statements prove to be inaccurate;
have been qualified by disclosures that were made to the other party in connection with the negotiation of the applicable agreement, which disclosures are not necessarily reflected in the agreement;
may apply standards of materiality in a way that is different from what may be viewed as material to you or other investors; and
were made only as of the date of the applicable agreement or such other date or dates as may be specified in the agreement and are subject to more recent developments.
Accordingly, these representations and warranties may not describe the actual state of affairs as of the date they were made or at any other time. Additional information about us may be found elsewhere in this Form 10-K and our other public filings, which are available without charge through the SEC's website at http://www.sec.gov.
3.1(a)
3.2(b)
3.3(c)
3.4(d)
3.5(e)
3.6(f)
4.1(g)
4.2*
10.1(i)
10.2(j)
10.3(k)
10.4(h)
10.5(l)(+)
10.6(m)(+)
10.7(n)(+)
62


10.8(o)
10.9(o)
10.10(p)(+)
10.11(q)(+)
10.12(q)(+)
14(r)
21*
23*
31.1*
31.2*
32.1*
32.2*
97*(+)
101.SCH*
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL*
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.LAB*
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE*
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
101.DEF*
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
104Cover Page Interactive Data File included as Exhibit 101 (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)

The following documents are incorporated by reference.

(a)Included as an exhibit to our Report on Form 8-K filed May 22, 2007
(b)Included as an exhibit to our Report on Form 8-K filed November 26, 2013
(c)Included as an exhibit to our Report on Form 8-K filed May 2, 2019
(d)Included as an exhibit to our Report on Form 8-K filed February 25, 2020
(e)Included as an exhibit to our Report on Form 8-K filed May 4, 2020
(f)Included as an exhibit to our Report on Form 8-K filed July 28, 2023
(g)Included as an exhibit to our Report on Form S-3 Registration Statement dated May 6, 2009, file No. 333-159014
(h)Included as an exhibit to our Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020
(i)Included as an exhibit to our Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 1996
(j)Included as an exhibit to our Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005
(k)Included as an exhibit to our Report on Form 8-K filed January 2, 2014
(l)Included as Appendix B to our Definitive Proxy Statement dated March 24, 2014, relating to Annual Meeting of Stockholders held on May 13, 2014
(m)Included as an exhibit to our Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2016
(n)Included as an exhibit to our Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006
(o)Included as an exhibit to our Report on Form 8-K filed April 23, 2021
(p)        Included as an exhibit to our Report on Form 10-Q/A for the quarter ended March 31, 2023
(q)        Included as an exhibit to our Report on Form 8-K filed May 13, 2014
(r)        Included as an exhibit to our Report on Form 10-K/A for the year ended December 31, 2022
*        Filed herewith
(+)        Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

63


Item 16. Form 10-K Summary
None.





64


SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
EQUITY LIFESTYLE PROPERTIES, INC.,
a Maryland corporation
Date:February 21, 2024By:
/s/    MARGUERITE NADER        
Marguerite Nader
President and Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)
Date:February 21, 2024By:
/s/    PAUL SEAVEY       
Paul Seavey
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial
Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)
Date:February 21, 2024By:
/s/    VALERIE HENRY   
Valerie Henry
Senior Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer
(Principal Accounting Officer)
65


Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.—Signatures
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
Name  Title Date
/s/ MARGUERITE NADER
  President, Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer)  February 21, 2024
Marguerite Nader
/s/ PAUL SEAVEY
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)  February 21, 2024
Paul Seavey
/s/ VALERIE HENRY
Senior Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer (Principal Accounting Officer) February 21, 2024
Valerie Henry
/s/ THOMAS HENEGHAN
Chairman of the Board February 21, 2024
Thomas Heneghan
/s/ ANDREW BERKENFIELD
DirectorFebruary 21, 2024
Andrew Berkenfield
/s/ DERRICK BURKS
DirectorFebruary 21, 2024
Derrick Burks
/s/ PHILIP CALIAN
Director February 21, 2024
Philip Calian
/s/ DAVID CONTIS
Director February 21, 2024
David Contis
/s/ CONSTANCE FREEDMAN
DirectorFebruary 21, 2024
Constance Freedman
/s/ RADHIKA PAPANDREOU
DirectorFebruary 21, 2024
Radhika Papandreou
/s/ SCOTT PEPPET
Director February 21, 2024
Scott Peppet
/s/ SHELI ROSENBERG
Director February 21, 2024
Sheli Rosenberg

66


INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SCHEDULE
EQUITY LIFESTYLE PROPERTIES, INC.
Page
Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID: 42)
F-2
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2023 and 2022
F-5
Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
F-6
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
F-8
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
F-9
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
F-11
Schedule III—Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation
S-1
                                
Note that certain schedules have been omitted, as they are not applicable to us.
 
F-1


Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Stockholders and Board of Directors of Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc. (the Company) as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the related consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income, changes in equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2023, and the related notes and financial statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 15 (collectively referred to as the consolidated financial statements). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2023, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) and our report dated February 21, 2024 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matter
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective or complex judgments. The communication of the critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.












F-2


Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
Description of the MatterAt December 31, 2023, the Company’s consolidated net investment in real estate totaled $5.3 billion. As discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company’s investment in real estate is reviewed for impairment quarterly or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate a possible impairment. If an impairment indicator exists related to an investment in real estate that is held and used, the expected future undiscounted cash flows are compared against the carrying amount of that asset. If the sum of the estimated undiscounted cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the asset, an impairment loss is recorded for the excess, if any, of the carrying amount of the asset over its estimated fair value.

Auditing the Company’s evaluation of impairment of long-lived assets was complex and highly subjective. The determination of the undiscounted cash flows for properties where impairment indicators have been identified is sensitive to significant assumptions such as forecasted net operating income, and capitalization rates used to estimate the property’s residual value, both of which can be affected by expectations about future market conditions, customer demand, and competition.
How We Addressed the Matter in Our AuditWe obtained an understanding, evaluated the design, and tested the operating effectiveness of controls related to the Company’s process for evaluating impairment of long-lived assets, including controls over management’s review of the assumptions described above.

To test the Company’s process for evaluating impairment of long-lived assets, we performed audit procedures that included, among others, assessing the methodology used, evaluating the assumptions discussed above and testing the completeness and accuracy of the underlying data used by the Company in its analyses. We compared the significant assumptions used by the Company to historical operational results, current market data, and real estate industry publications. As part of our procedures, we also evaluated significant variances between the forecasted cash flows and historical actual results and performed sensitivity analyses of significant assumptions to evaluate the
changes in the undiscounted cash flows that would result from changes in the assumptions used by management.


/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 1996.
Chicago, Illinois
February 21, 2024






F-3


Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Stockholders and Board of Directors of Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
Opinion on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
We have audited Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.’s (the Company) internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) (the COSO criteria). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based on the COSO criteria.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the related consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income, changes in equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2023, and the related notes and financial statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 15 and our report dated February 21, 2024 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
Basis for Opinion
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Report of Management on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.

Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

Chicago, Illinois
February 21, 2024

F-4


Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)
December 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Assets
Investment in real estate:
Land$2,088,657 $2,084,532 
Land improvements4,380,649 4,115,439 
Buildings and other depreciable property1,236,985 1,169,590 
7,706,291 7,369,561 
Accumulated depreciation(2,448,876)(2,258,540)
Net investment in real estate5,257,415 5,111,021 
Cash and restricted cash29,937 22,347 
Notes receivable, net49,937 45,356 
Investment in unconsolidated joint ventures85,304 81,404 
Deferred commission expense53,641 50,441 
Other assets, net137,499 181,950 
Total Assets$5,613,733 $5,492,519 
Liabilities and Equity
Liabilities:
Mortgage notes payable, net$2,989,959 $2,693,167 
Term loan, net497,648 496,817 
Unsecured line of credit31,000 198,000 
Accounts payable and other liabilities151,567 175,148 
Deferred membership revenue218,337 197,743 
Accrued interest payable12,657 11,739 
Rents and other customer payments received in advance and security deposits126,451 122,318 
Distributions payable87,493 80,102 
Total Liabilities4,115,112 3,975,034 
Equity:
Stockholders' Equity:
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022; none issued and outstanding.
  
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 600,000,000 shares authorized as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022; 186,426,281 and 186,120,298 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
1,917 1,916 
Paid-in capital1,644,319 1,628,618 
Distributions in excess of accumulated earnings(223,576)(204,248)
Accumulated other comprehensive income6,061 19,119 
Total Stockholders’ Equity1,428,721 1,445,405 
Non-controlling interests – Common OP Units69,900 72,080 
Total Equity1,498,621 1,517,485 
Total Liabilities and Equity$5,613,733 $5,492,519 















The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
F-5


Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income
(amounts in thousands, except per share data)
Years Ended December 31,
202320222021
Revenues:
Rental income$1,178,959 $1,118,601 $1,032,575 
Annual membership subscriptions65,379 63,215 58,251 
Membership upgrade sales14,719 12,958 11,191 
Other income67,407 56,144 50,298 
Gross revenues from home sales, brokered resales and ancillary services145,219 180,179 152,517 
Interest income9,037 7,430 7,016 
Income from other investments, net8,703 8,553 4,555 
Total revenues1,489,423 1,447,080 1,316,403 
Expenses:
Property operating and maintenance469,912 443,157 398,983 
Real estate taxes77,993 74,145 72,671 
Membership sales and marketing20,974 20,317 18,668 
Property management76,170 74,083 65,979 
Depreciation and amortization203,738 202,362 188,444 
Cost of home sales, brokered resales and ancillary sales107,668 139,012 120,623 
Home selling expenses and ancillary operating expenses27,453 27,321 23,538 
General and administrative47,280 44,857 39,576 
Casualty-related charges/(recoveries), net   
Other expenses5,768 8,646 4,241 
Early debt retirement68 1,156 2,784 
Interest and related amortization132,342 116,562 108,718 
Total expenses1,169,366 1,151,618 1,044,225 
Income before income taxes and other items320,057 295,462 272,178 
Gain/(Loss) on sale of real estate and impairment, net(3,581) (59)
Income tax benefit10,488   
Equity in income of unconsolidated joint ventures2,713 3,363 3,881 
Consolidated net income329,677 298,825 276,000 
Income allocated to non-controlling interests – Common OP Units(15,470)(14,198)(13,522)
Redeemable perpetual preferred stock dividends(16)(16)(16)
Net income available for Common Stockholders$314,191 $284,611 $262,462 
Consolidated net income$329,677 $298,825 $276,000 
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Adjustment for fair market value of swaps(13,058)15,595 3,524 
Consolidated comprehensive income316,619 314,420 279,524 
Comprehensive income allocated to non-controlling interests – Common OP Units(14,862)(15,005)(13,692)
Redeemable perpetual preferred stock dividends(16)(16)(16)
Comprehensive income attributable to Common Stockholders$301,741 $299,399 $265,816 



















The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
F-6


Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income
(amounts in thousands, except per share data)
 
Years Ended December 31,
202320222021
Earnings per Common Share – Basic$1.69 $1.53 $1.43 
Earnings per Common Share – Fully Diluted$1.69 $1.53 $1.43 
Weighted average Common Shares outstanding – Basic186,061 185,780 182,917 
Weighted average Common Shares outstanding – Fully Diluted 195,429 195,255 192,883 

 








 
 






































The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
F-7


Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Changes In Equity
(amounts in thousands)
Common
Stock
Paid-in
Capital

Redeemable
Perpetual
Preferred  Stock
Distributions
in Excess of
Accumulated
Earnings
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
Non-
Controlling
Interests –
Common
OP Units
Total
Equity
Balance as of December 31, 2020$1,813 $1,411,397 $ $(179,523)$ $71,068 $1,304,755 
Exchange of Common OP Units for Common Stock16 10,820 — — — (10,836) 
Issuance of OP Units— — — — — 34,005 34,005 
Issuance of Common Stock through employee stock purchase plan— 2,224 — — — — 2,224 
Issuance of Common Stock84 140,170 — — — — 140,254 
Compensation expenses related to restricted stock and stock options— 10,855 — — — — 10,855 
Repurchase of Common Stock or Common OP Units— (2,814)— — — — (2,814)
Adjustment for Common OP Unitholders in the Operating Partnership— 22,961 — — — (22,961) 
Adjustment for fair market value of swap— — — — 3,524 — 3,524 
Consolidated net income— — 16 262,462 — 13,522 276,000 
Distributions— — (16)(266,628)— (13,737)(280,381)
Other— (2,251)— — — — (2,251)
Balance as of December 31, 20211,913 1,593,362  (183,689)3,524 71,061 1,486,171 
Exchange of Common OP Units for Common Stock— 312 — — — (312) 
Issuance of Common Stock through employee stock purchase plan— 2,743 — — — — 2,743 
Issuance of Common Stock3 28,367 — — — — 28,370 
Compensation expenses related to restricted stock and stock options— 10,537 — — — — 10,537 
Repurchase of Common Stock or Common OP Units— (3,449)— — — — (3,449)
Adjustment for Common OP Unitholders in the Operating Partnership— (2,357)— — — 2,357  
Adjustment for fair market value of swap— — — — 15,595 — 15,595 
Consolidated net income— — 16 284,611 — 14,198 298,825 
Distributions— — (16)(305,170)— (15,224)(320,410)
Other— (897)— — — — (897)
Balance as of December 31, 20221,916 1,628,618  (204,248)19,119 72,080 1,517,485 
Exchange of Common OP Units for Common Stock1 1,237 — — — (1,238) 
Issuance of Common Stock through employee stock purchase plan— 1,983 — — — — 1,983 
Compensation expenses related to restricted stock and stock options— 14,711 — — — — 14,711 
Repurchase of Common Stock or Common OP Units— (1,932)— — — — (1,932)
Adjustment for Common OP Unitholders in the Operating Partnership— (20)— — — 20  
Adjustment for fair market value of swap— — — — (13,058)— (13,058)
Consolidated net income— — 16 314,191 — 15,470 329,677 
Distributions— — (16)(333,519)— (16,432)(349,967)
Other— (278)— — — — (278)
Balance as of December 31, 2023$1,917 $1,644,319 $ $(223,576)$6,061 $69,900 $1,498,621 













The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
F-8


Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(amounts in thousands)
Years Ended December 31,
202320222021
Cash Flows From Operating Activities:
Consolidated net income$329,677 $298,825 $276,000 
Adjustments to reconcile consolidated net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Loss on sale of real estate and impairment, net3,581 5,423 59 
Early debt retirement68 1,156 2,784 
Depreciation and amortization209,101 207,050 191,432 
Amortization of loan costs4,921 4,839 4,671 
Debt premium amortization(62)(181)(325)
Equity in income of unconsolidated joint ventures(2,713)(3,363)(3,881)
Distributions of income from unconsolidated joint ventures1,328 4,567 52 
Proceeds from insurance claims, net37,561 (42,001)(875)
Compensation expense related to incentive plans17,833 8,760 12,694 
Revenue recognized from membership upgrade sales upfront payments(14,719)(12,958)(11,191)
Commission expense recognized related to membership sales4,211 4,101 3,779 
Deferred income tax benefit(10,488)  
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Manufactured homes, net(31,825)(27,419)(4,963)
Notes receivable, net(4,646)(4,647)(4,191)
Deferred commission expense(7,411)(7,193)(8,657)
Other assets, net(1,362)(3,645)(27,149)
Accounts payable and other liabilities(25,778)5,833 30,009 
Deferred membership revenue35,313 33,946 36,935 
Rents and other customer payments received in advance and security deposits3,415 2,721 11,844 
Net cash provided by operating activities548,005 475,814 509,027 
Cash Flows From Investing Activities:
Real estate acquisitions, net(9,326)(140,013)(537,896)
Business acquisitions  (41,769)
Proceeds from disposition of properties, net  (7)
Investment in unconsolidated joint ventures(9,275)(26,407)(49,695)
Distributions of capital from unconsolidated joint ventures5,625 17,018 3,154 
Proceeds from insurance claims, net5,309 (3,388)2,048 
Capital improvements(317,086)(249,277)(204,265)
Net cash used in investing activities(324,753)(402,067)(828,430)
Cash Flows From Financing Activities:
Proceeds from stock options and employee stock purchase plan1,984 2,743 2,224 
Gross proceeds from the issuance of common stock 28,370 140,254 
Distributions:
Common Stockholders(326,404)(296,147)(261,748)
Common OP Unitholders(16,156)(14,798)(13,953)
Preferred Stockholders(16)(16)(16)
Share based award tax withholding payments(1,932)(3,449)(2,814)
Principal payments and mortgage debt repayment(164,583)(135,781)(128,738)
Mortgage notes payable financing proceeds463,753 200,000 270,016 
Term loan proceeds 200,000 600,000 
Term loan repayment  (300,000)
Line of credit repayment(688,000)(557,000)(432,500)
Line of credit proceeds521,000 406,000 559,500 
Debt issuance and defeasance costs(5,033)(3,825)(11,233)
Other(275)(895)(2,251)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities(215,662)(174,798)418,741 
Net increase (decrease) in cash and restricted cash7,590 (101,051)99,338 
Cash and restricted cash, beginning of period22,347 123,398 24,060 
Cash and restricted cash, end of period$29,937 $22,347 $123,398 




The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
F-9


Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(amounts in thousands)
 
Years Ended December 31,
202320222021
Supplemental information:
Cash paid for interest, net$130,234 $111,871 $104,137 
Cash paid for the purchase of manufactured homes$106,627 $123,522 $86,025 
Real estate acquisitions:
Investment in real estate$(10,057)$(141,588)$(631,541)
Notes receivable, net (772) 
Other assets, net  (4,443)
Debt assumed  39,986 
Deferred membership revenue 315  
Accounts payable and other liabilities13 1,131 9,833 
Rents and other customer payments received in advance and security deposits718 901 14,265 
OP Units issued  34,004 
Real estate acquisitions, net$(9,326)$(140,013)$(537,896)
Business acquisitions:
Intangibles$ $ $(33,250)
Goodwill  (9,586)
Other assets, net  (933)
Accounts payable and other liabilities  2,000 
Acquisition of business, net$ $ $(41,769)
Real estate dispositions:
Investment in real estate$ $ $52 
Loss on sale of real estate, net  (59)
Real estate dispositions, net$ $ $(7)









































































The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
F-10


Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 1—Organization
Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc. (“ELS”), a Maryland corporation, together with MHC Operating Limited Partnership (the “Operating Partnership”) and its other consolidated subsidiaries (the “Subsidiaries”), are referred to herein as “we,” “us,” and “our.” We are a fully integrated owner of lifestyle-oriented properties (“Properties”) consisting of property operations and home sales and rental operations primarily within manufactured home (“MH”) and recreational vehicle (“RV”) communities and marinas. We provide our customers the opportunity to place manufactured homes and cottages, RVs and/or boats on our Properties either on a long-term or short-term basis. Our customers may lease individual developed areas (“Sites”) or enter into right-to-use contracts, also known as membership subscriptions, which provide them access to specific Properties for limited stays.
Commencing with our taxable year ended December 31, 1993, we have elected to be taxed as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) for U.S. federal income tax purposes. We believe we have qualified for taxation as a REIT. To maintain our qualification as a REIT, we must meet certain requirements, which are highly technical and complex. If we fail to qualify as a REIT, we could be subject to U.S. federal income tax at regular corporate rates. Additionally, we could remain disqualified as a REIT for four years following the year we first failed to qualify. Even as a REIT, we are subject to certain foreign, state and local taxes on our income and property and U.S. federal income and excise taxes on our undistributed income.
Our Properties are owned primarily by the Operating Partnership and managed internally by affiliates of the Operating Partnership. We are the general partner of the Operating Partnership and own 95.3% as of December 31, 2023. We contributed the proceeds from our various equity offerings, including our initial public offering, to the Operating Partnership. In exchange for these contributions, we received units of common interests in the partnership (“OP Units”) equal to the number of shares of common stock issued in such equity offerings. The limited partners of the Operating Partnership (the “Common OP Unitholders”) receive an allocation of net income that is based on their respective ownership percentage in the Operating Partnership that is presented on the consolidated financial statements as Non-controlling interests—Common OP Units. As of December 31, 2023, the Non-controlling interests—Common OP Units were 9,104,654, which are exchangeable for an equivalent number of shares of our common stock or, at our option, cash. The issuance of additional shares of common stock or OP Units would change the respective ownership of the Operating Partnership for the Common OP Unitholders.
Since we have elected to be taxed as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes, certain activities, if performed by us, may not be qualifying REIT activities under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). Accordingly, we have formed taxable REIT subsidiaries (each, a “TRS”). Our primary TRS is Realty Systems, Inc. (“RSI”) which, along with owning several properties, is engaged in the business of purchasing, selling and leasing factory-built homes located in Properties owned and managed by us. RSI also offers home sale brokerage services to our residents who may choose to sell their homes rather than relocate them when moving from a Property. Subsidiaries of RSI also operate ancillary activities at certain Properties, such as golf courses, pro shops, stores and restaurants.

F-11


Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
(a)Basis of Presentation
The consolidated financial statements present the results of operations, financial position and cash flows of ELS, its majority-owned and controlled subsidiaries and variable interest entities (“VIEs”) in which ELS is the primary beneficiary. Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.
The Operating Partnership meets the criteria as a VIE, where we are the general partner and controlling owner of approximately 95.3%. The limited partners do not have substantive kick-out or participating rights. Our sole significant asset is our investment in the Operating Partnership, and consequently, substantially all of our assets and liabilities represent those assets and liabilities of the Operating Partnership. Additionally, we have the power to direct the Operating Partnership's activities and the obligation to absorb its losses or the right to receive its benefits. Accordingly, we are the primary beneficiary, and we have continued to consolidate the Operating Partnership.
Equity method of accounting is applied to entities in which ELS does not have a controlling interest or for VIEs in which ELS is not considered the primary beneficiary, but with respect to which it can exercise significant influence over the operations and major decisions. Our exposure to losses associated with unconsolidated joint ventures is primarily limited to the carrying value of these investments. Accordingly, distributions from a joint venture in excess of our carrying value are recognized in earnings.
(b)Use of Estimates
The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles ("GAAP") requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from these estimates. All property and site counts and acreage amounts are unaudited.
(c)     Investment in Real Estate
Investment in real estate is recorded at cost less accumulated depreciation. Direct and indirect costs related to real estate improvement projects are capitalized, including salaries and related benefits of employees who are directly responsible for and spend their time on the execution and supervision of such projects. Land improvements consist primarily of improvements such as grading, landscaping and infrastructure items, such as streets, sidewalks or water mains. Improvements to buildings and other depreciable property include clubhouses, laundry facilities, maintenance storage facilities, rental units and furniture, fixtures and equipment.
For development and expansion projects, we capitalize direct project costs, such as construction, architectural and legal, as well as, indirect project costs such as interest, real estate taxes and salaries and related benefits of employees who are directly involved in the project. Capitalization of these costs begins when the activities and related expenditures commence and cease when the project, or a portion of the project, is substantially complete and ready for its intended use.
Depreciation is computed on a straight-line basis based on the estimated useful lives of the associated real estate assets.
Useful Lives
(in years)
Land and Building Improvements
10-30
Manufactured Homes
10-25
Furniture, Fixture and Equipment5
In-place leasesExpected term
Above and below-market leasesApplicable lease term

Long-lived assets to be held and used, including our investment in real estate, are evaluated for impairment indicators quarterly or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate a possible impairment. Our judgments regarding the existence of impairment indicators are based on factors such as operational performance, market conditions, environmental and
F-12


Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)
legal factors. Future events could occur which would cause us to conclude that impairment indicators exist and an impairment loss is warranted.
If an impairment indicator exists related to a long-lived asset that is held and used, the expected future undiscounted cash flows are compared against the carrying amount of that asset. Forecasting cash flows requires us to make estimates and assumptions on various inputs including, but not limited to, rental revenue and expense growth rates, occupancy, levels of capital expenditure and capitalization rates. If the sum of the estimated undiscounted cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the asset, an impairment loss is recorded for the carrying amount in excess of the estimated fair value, if any, of the asset.
During the year ended December 31, 2023, we recorded a $3.6 million reduction to the carrying value of certain assets, as a result of property damage caused by weather events in 2023.
(d)    Acquisitions
We account for acquisitions of investments in real estate by assessing each acquisition to determine if it meets the definition of a business or if it qualifies as an asset acquisition. We apply a screen test to evaluate if substantially all the fair value of the acquired property is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or group of similar identifiable assets to determine whether a transaction is accounted for as an asset acquisition or business combination. As most of our real estate acquisitions are concentrated in either a single asset or a group of similar identifiable assets, our real estate transactions are generally accounted for as asset acquisitions, which permits the capitalization of transaction costs to the basis of the acquired property.
In estimating the fair values for purposes of allocating the purchase price, we utilize a number of sources, including independent appraisals or internal valuations that may be available in connection with the acquisition or financing of the respective Property and other market data. We also consider information obtained about each Property as a result of our due diligence, marketing and leasing activities in estimating the fair value of the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed.
The following methods and assumptions are used to estimate the fair value of each class of asset acquired and liability assumed:
Land – Market approach based on similar, but not identical, transactions in the market. Adjustments to comparable sales based on both quantitative and qualitative data.
Depreciable property – Cost approach based on market comparable data to replace adjusted for local variations, inflation and other factors.
Manufactured homes – Sales comparison approach based on market prices for similar homes adjusted for differences in age or size.
In-place leases – In-place leases are determined through a combination of estimates of market rental rates and expense reimbursement levels as well as an estimate of the length of time required to replace each lease.
Above-market assets/below-market liabilities – Income approach based on discounted cash flows comparing contractual cash flows to be paid pursuant to the leases and our estimate of fair market lease rates over the remaining non-cancelable lease terms. For below-market leases, we also consider remaining initial lease terms plus any renewal periods.
Notes receivable – Income approach based on discounted cash flows comparing contractual cash flows at a market rate adjusted based on particular notes' or note holders' down payment, credit score and delinquency status.
Mortgage notes payable – Income approach based on discounted cash flows comparing contractual cash flows to cash flows of similar debt discounted based on market rates.
(e)    Intangibles and Goodwill
We record acquired intangible assets at their estimated fair value separate and apart from goodwill. We amortize identified intangible assets and liabilities that are determined to have finite lives over the period the assets and liabilities are expected to contribute directly or indirectly to the future cash flows of the Property or business acquired. Intangible assets subject to amortization are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying
F-13


Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)
amounts may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recognized if the carrying amount of an intangible asset is not recoverable and its carrying amount exceeds its estimated fair value.
The excess of the cost of an acquired entity over the net of the amounts assigned to assets acquired (including identified intangible assets) and liabilities assumed in a business combination is recorded as goodwill. Goodwill is not amortized but is tested for impairment at a level of reporting referred to as a reporting unit on an annual basis, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired.
As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the gross carrying amount of identified intangible assets and goodwill was $55.6 million, which is reported as a component of other assets, net on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of both December 31, 2023 and 2022, this amount was comprised of $38.0 million of identified intangible assets and $17.6 million of goodwill. Accumulated amortization of identified intangibles assets was $12.2 million and $7.7 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The estimated annual aggregated amortization expense to be recognized over each of the next five years is $3.6 million. The weighted average remaining useful life is approximately seven years.
(f)    Assets Held for Sale
In determining whether to classify a real estate asset held for sale, we consider whether: (i) management has committed to a plan to sell the asset; (ii) the asset is available for immediate sale in its present condition, subject only to terms that are usual and customary; (iii) we have initiated a program to locate a buyer; (iv) we believe that the sale of the real estate asset is probable within one year; (v) we are actively marketing the investment property for sale at a price that is reasonable in relation to its current value and (vi) actions required for us to complete the plan indicate that it is unlikely that any significant changes will be made. If all of the above criteria are met, we classify the real estate asset as held for sale. When all of the above criteria are met, we discontinue depreciation or amortization of the asset, measure it at the lower of its carrying amount or its fair value less estimated cost to sell and present it separately as an asset held for sale, net on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. We also present the liabilities related to assets held for sale, if any, separately on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. In connection with the held for sale evaluation, if the disposal represents a strategic shift that has, or will have, a major effect on our consolidated financial statements, then the transaction is presented as discontinued operations.
(g)    Restricted Cash
As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, restricted cash consisted of $25.7 million and $19.7 million, respectively, primarily related to cash reserved for customer deposits and escrows for insurance and real estate taxes.
(h)    Fair Value of Financial Instruments
We disclose the estimated fair value of our financial instruments according to a fair value hierarchy. The valuation hierarchy is based on the transparency of the lowest level of input that is significant to the valuation of an asset or a liability as of the measurement date. The three levels are defined as follows:
Level 1 - Inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.
Level 2 - Inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets and inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument.
Level 3 - Inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement.
The carrying values of cash and restricted cash, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximate their fair market values due to the short-term nature of these instruments. The carrying value of the notes receivable approximates the fair market value as the interest rates are generally comparable to current market rates. Concentrations of credit risk with respect to notes receivable are limited due to the size of the receivable and geographic diversity of the underlying Properties.
The fair market value of mortgage notes payable, the term loan and interest rate derivative are measured with Level 2 inputs using quoted prices and observable inputs from similar liabilities as disclosed in Note 9. Borrowing Arrangements and Note 10. Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities.
F-14


Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)
We also utilize Level 2 and Level 3 inputs as part of our determination of the purchase price allocation for our acquisitions as disclosed in Note 6. Investment in Real Estate.
(i)    Deferred Financing Costs, Net
Deferred financing costs are being amortized over the terms of the respective loans on a straight-line basis. Unamortized deferred financing costs are written-off when debt is retired before the maturity date. Deferred financing costs, net were $29.5 million and $28.1 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
(j)    Allowance for Credit Losses
We account for allowance for credit losses under the current expected credit loss ("CECL") impairment model for our financial assets, including receivables from tenants, receivables for annual membership subscriptions, Contracts Receivable and Chattel Loans (See Note 8. Notes Receivable, Net for definition of these terms), and present the net amount of the financial instrument expected to be collected. The CECL impairment model requires an estimate of expected credit losses, measured over the contractual life of an instrument, that considers forecasts of future economic conditions in addition to information about past events and current conditions. Our allowance for credit losses was as follows:
December 31,
(amounts in thousands):
20232022
Balance, beginning of year$20,371 $21,049 
Provision for losses4,789 5,242 
Write-offs(5,685)(5,920)
Balance, end of year$19,475 $20,371 

(k)    Revenue Recognition
Our revenue streams are predominantly derived from customers renting our Sites or entering into membership subscriptions. Our MH Sites and annual RV and marina Sites are leased on an annual basis. Seasonal RV and marina Sites are leased to customers generally for one to six months. Transient RV and marina Sites are leased to customers on a short-term basis. Leases with our customers are accounted for as operating leases. Rental income is accounted for in accordance with the Accounting Standard Codification (ASC) 842, Leases, and is recognized over the term of the respective lease or the length of a customer's stay. We do not separate expenses reimbursed by our customers (“utility recoveries”) from the associated rental revenue as we meet the practical expedient criteria to combine these lease and non-lease components. We assessed the criteria and concluded that the timing and pattern of transfer for rental revenue and the associated utility recoveries are the same and because our leases qualify as operating leases, we account for and present rental revenue and utility recoveries as a single component under Rental income in our Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income.
Sales from membership subscriptions, upgrades and home sales are accounted for in accordance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. A membership subscription gives the customer the right to a set schedule of usage at a specified group of Properties. Payments are deferred and recognized on a straight-line basis over the one-year period in which access to Sites at certain Properties are provided. Membership upgrades grant certain additional access rights to the customer and require non-refundable upfront payments. The non-refundable upfront payments are recognized on a straight-line basis over 20 years, which is our estimated membership upgrade contract term. Income from home sales is recognized when the earnings process is complete. The earnings process is complete when the home has been delivered, the purchaser has accepted the home and title has transferred.
(l)    Stock Based Compensation
Stock-based compensation expense for restricted stock awards with service conditions is measured based on the grant date fair value and recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the individual grants.
Stock-based compensation expense for restricted stock awards with performance conditions is measured based on the grant date fair value and recognized on a straight-line basis over the performance period of the individual grants, when achieving the performance targets is considered probable. We estimate and revisit the probability of achieving the performance targets periodically by updating our forecasts throughout the performance period as necessary.
F-15


Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)
We also issue stock options by estimating the grant date fair value using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model and recognizing over the vesting period for options that are expected to vest. We estimate forfeitures at the time of grant based on historical experience, updated for changes in facts and circumstances, as appropriate, and in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. The expected volatility assumption is calculated based on our historical volatility, which is calculated over a period of time commensurate with the expected term of the options being valued. The risk-free interest rate assumption is based upon the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant. The dividend yield assumption is based on our expectation of dividend payouts.
(m) Insurance Recoveries

We carry comprehensive insurance coverage for losses resulting from property damage and environmental liability and business interruption claims on all of our properties. We record the estimated amount of expected insurance proceeds for property damage, clean-up costs and other losses incurred as an asset (typically a receivable from our insurance carriers) and income up to the amount of the losses incurred when receipt of insurance proceeds is deemed probable. Any amount of insurance recovery in excess of the losses incurred and any amount of insurance recovery related to business interruption are considered a gain contingency and are recognized in the period in which the insurance proceeds are received.

During the years ended December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we recognized expenses of approximately $13.4 million and $40.6 million related to debris removal and cleanup related to Hurricane Ian and an offsetting insurance recovery revenue accrual of $13.4 million and $40.6 million, respectively, related to the expected insurance recovery as a result of Hurricane Ian, which is included in Casualty related charges/recoveries, net in the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income.
During the years ended December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we received insurance proceeds of approximately $68.3 million and zero, respectively, of which $10.6 million and zero was identified as business interruption recovery revenue, respectively.
(n)    Non-Controlling Interests
The OP Units are exchangeable for shares of common stock on a one-for-one basis at the option of the Common OP Unitholders, which we may, in our discretion, cause the Operating Partnership to settle in cash. The exchange is treated as a capital transaction, which results in an allocation between stockholders' equity and non-controlling interests to account for the change in the respective percentage ownership of the underlying equity of the Operating Partnership.
Net income is allocated to Common OP Unitholders based on their respective ownership percentage of the Operating Partnership. Such ownership percentage is calculated by dividing the number of OP Units held by the Common OP Unitholders by the total OP Units held by the Common OP Unitholders and the shares of common stock held by the common stockholders. Issuance of additional shares of common stock or OP Units would change the percentage ownership of both the Non-controlling interests – Common OP Units and the common stockholders.
(o)    Income Taxes
Due to our structure as a REIT, the results of operations contain no provision for U.S. federal income taxes for the REIT. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the REIT had a federal net operating loss carryforward of approximately $48.6 million and $51.7 million, respectively. The Company utilized $3.1 million and zero of the net operating loss carryforward to offset its tax and distribution requirements for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The REIT is entitled to utilize the net operating loss carryforward only to the extent that the REIT taxable income exceeds our deduction for dividends paid. Due to the uncertainty regarding the use of the REIT net operating loss carryforward, no net tax asset for the REIT has been recorded as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.

F-16


Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)
In addition, we own certain TRSs, which are subject to federal and state income taxes at regular corporate tax rates and have federal net operating loss carryforwards. We maintained a valuation allowance against the TRSs' net deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2022. We regularly assess the need for a valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets and concluded at December 31, 2023 that it was more likely than not we would realize the benefit of the deferred tax assets. Therefore, we released the full valuation allowance of $10.5 million in 2023.
The REIT remains subject to certain foreign, state and local income, excise or franchise taxes; however, they are not material to our operating results or financial position. We do not have unrecognized tax benefit items.
We, or one of our Subsidiaries, file income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction, various U.S. state jurisdictions and Canada. With few exceptions, we are no longer subject to U.S. federal, state and local, or non-U.S. income tax examinations by tax authorities for years before 2019.
As of December 31, 2023, net investment in real estate and notes receivable had a U.S. federal tax basis of approximately $5.1 billion (unaudited) and $57.0 million (unaudited), respectively.
During the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, our tax treatment of common stock distributions was as follows (unaudited):
202320222021
Tax status of common stock distributions deemed paid during the year:
Ordinary income$1.649 $1.483 $1.538 
Long-term capital gains0.005   
Non-dividend distributions0.141 0.152  
Distributions declared per common stock outstanding$1.795 $1.635 $1.538 

The quarterly distribution paid on January 12, 2024 of $0.447500 (unaudited) per share of common stock will all be allocable to 2023 for federal tax purposes.

(p)    New Accounting Pronouncements
In August 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update 2023-05, Business Combinations — Joint Venture Formations (Subtopic 805-60): Recognition and Initial Measurement (“ASU 2023-05”). ASU 2023-05 addresses the accounting for contributions made to a joint venture, upon formation, in a joint venture’s separate financial statements. Prior to the amendment, the FASB did not provide specific authoritative guidance on the initial measurement of assets and liabilities assumed by a joint venture upon its formation. ASU 2023-05 requires a joint venture to recognize and initially measure its assets and liabilities at fair value (with exceptions to fair value measurement that are consistent with the business combinations guidance). ASU 2023-05 is effective for all joint venture formations with a formation date on or after January 1, 2025, with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of ASU 2023-05, but do not expect the adoption to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
In November 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures (“ASU 2023-07”), which aims to improve reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. The amendments in ASU 2023-07 do not change how a public entity identifies its operating segments, aggregates those operating segments, or applies the quantitative thresholds to determine its reportable segments. ASU 2023-07 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of ASU 2023-07 on our consolidated financial statements.
In December 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures ("ASU 2023-09"), which enhances the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures. This update is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted for annual financial statements that have not yet been issued or made available for issuance. We are currently evaluating the impact of ASU 2023-09, but do not expect the adoption to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

F-17


Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 3—Leases
Lessor
Rental income derived from customers renting our Sites is accounted for in accordance with ASC 842, Leases, and is recognized over the term of the respective operating lease or the length of a customer's stay. MH Sites are generally leased on an annual basis to residents who own or lease factory-built homes, including manufactured homes. Annual RV and marina Sites are leased on an annual basis to customers who generally have an RV, factory-built cottage, boat or other unit placed on the site, including those Northern properties that are open for the summer season. Seasonal RV and marina Sites are leased to customers generally for one to six months. Transient RV and marina Sites are leased to customers on a short-term basis. In addition, customers may lease homes that are located in our communities.
The leases entered into between the customer and us for a rental of a Site are renewable upon the consent of both parties or, in some instances, as provided by statute. Long-term leases that are non-cancelable by the tenants are in effect at certain Properties. Rental rate increases at these Properties are primarily a function of increases in the Consumer Price Index, taking into consideration certain conditions. Additionally, periodic market rate adjustments are made as deemed appropriate. In addition, certain state statutes allow entry into long-term agreements that effectively modify lease terms related to rent amounts and increases over the term of the agreements. The following table presents future minimum rents expected to be received under long-term non-cancelable tenant leases, as well as those leases that are subject to long-term agreements governing rent payments and increases:
(amounts in thousands)
As of December 31, 2023
2024$91,108 
202587,803 
202626,025 
202724,543 
202822,812 
Thereafter49,268 
Total$301,559 

Lessee
We lease land under non-cancelable operating leases at 10 Properties expiring at various dates between 2028 and 2054. The majority of the leases have terms requiring fixed payments plus additional rents based on a percentage of gross revenues at those Properties. We also have other operating leases, primarily office space expiring at various dates through 2032. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, total operating lease payments were $6.5 million, $9.3 million and $10.4 million, respectively.

The following table presents the operating lease payments for the year ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021:
Years Ended December 31,
(amounts in thousands)202320222021
Fixed lease cost:
Ground leases (1)
$671 $3,601 $5,906 
Office and other leases3,836 3,739 3,529 
Variable lease cost:
Ground leases (1)
1,969 1,938 871 
Office and other leases  50 
Total lease cost$6,476 $9,278 $10,356 
__________________
(1)The Westwinds ground leases expired August 31, 2022, for additional information see Part I. Item 1. Financial Statements—Note 16. Commitments and Contingencies.
F-18


Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 3—Leases (continued)
The following table summarizes our minimum future rental payments, excluding variable costs, which are discounted by our incremental borrowing rate to calculate the lease liability for our operating leases as of December 31, 2023:
(amounts in thousands)Ground LeasesOffice and Other LeasesTotal
2024$675 $3,774 $4,449 
2025680 3,339 4,019 
2026684 2,967 3,651 
2027689 2,695 3,384 
2028685 2,511 3,196 
Thereafter3,840 8,395 12,235 
Total undiscounted rental payments7,253 23,681 30,934 
Less imputed interest(1,832)(3,362)(5,194)
Total lease liabilities$5,421 $20,319 $25,740 

ROU assets and lease liabilities from our operating leases, included within Other assets, net and Accounts payable and other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, were $23.6 million and $25.7 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2023. The weighted average remaining lease term for our operating leases was eight years and the weighted average incremental borrowing rate was 3.9% at December 31, 2023.
ROU assets and lease liabilities from our operating leases, included within Other assets, net and Accounts payable and other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, were $25.9 million and $28.0 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2022. The weighted average remaining lease term for our operating leases was nine years and the weighted average incremental borrowing rate was 3.8% at December 31, 2022.

Note 4—Earnings Per Common Share
Basic and fully diluted earnings per share are based on the weighted average shares outstanding during each year. The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share of common stock (Common Share), for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021:
 Years Ended December 31,
(amounts in thousands, except per share data)202320222021
Numerators:
Net income available to Common Stockholders—Basic$314,191 $284,611 $262,462 
Amounts allocated to dilutive securities15,470 14,198 13,522 
Net income available to Common Stockholders—Fully Diluted$329,661 $298,809 $275,984 
Denominator:
Weighted average Common Shares outstanding—Basic186,061 185,780 182,917 
Effect of dilutive securities:
Exchange of Common OP Units for Common Shares9,217 9,289 9,739 
Stock options and restricted stock151 186 227 
Weighted average Common Shares outstanding—Fully Diluted195,429 195,255 192,883 
Earnings per Common Share—Basic:$1.69 $1.53 $1.43 
Earnings per Common Share—Fully Diluted:$1.69 $1.53 $1.43 
Note 5—Common Stock and Other Equity Related Transactions
Equity Offering Program
There was no ATM activity under our prior ATM equity offering program during the year ended December 31, 2023.
F-19


Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 5—Common Stock and Other Equity Related Transactions (continued)
The following table presents the shares that were issued under our prior ATM equity offering programs, during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021:
Years Ended December 31,
(amounts in thousands, except share data)
20222021
Shares of common stock sold328,123 1,660,290 
Weighted average price$86.46 $84.48 
Total gross proceeds$28,370 $140,254 
Commissions paid to sales agents$389 $1,816 
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
On May 10, 2016, we amended and restated the 1997 Non-Qualified Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”). Pursuant to the ESPP, certain of our employees and directors may each annually acquire up to $250,000 of our common stock. The common stock may be purchased monthly at a price equal to 85% of the lesser of: (a) the closing price for a share of common stock on the last day of the offering period and (b) the closing price for a share of common stock on the first day of the offering period. Shares of common stock issued through the ESPP for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, were 29,428, 37,042 and 32,145, respectively. As of December 31, 2023, 644,579 shares remained available to be sold under the ESPP, subject to adjustment by our Board of Directors.
Exchanges
Subject to certain limitations, Common OP Unitholders can request an exchange of any or all of their OP Units for shares of common stock at any time. Upon receipt of such a request, we may, in lieu of issuing shares of common stock, cause the Operating Partnership to pay cash.
Common Stock Activity and Distributions
The following table presents the changes in our outstanding common stock (excluding OP Units of 9,104,654, 9,265,565 and 9,305,651 outstanding at December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively):
Years Ended December 31,
202320222021
Shares outstanding at January 1,186,120,298 185,640,379 182,230,631 
Common stock issued through the ATM Equity Offering Program and its predecessor 328,123 1,660,290 
Common stock issued through exchange of OP Units160,911 40,086 1,601,266 
Common stock issued through restricted stock grants143,275 130,600 162,955 
Common stock forfeitures (11,881) 
Common stock issued through ESPP and Dividend Reinvestment Plan30,205 37,660 32,778 
Common stock repurchased and retired(28,408)(44,669)(47,541)
Shares outstanding at December 31,186,426,281 186,120,298 185,640,379 

During the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, shares of common stock were surrendered to satisfy income tax withholding obligations primarily due to the vesting of restricted stock grants at a weighted average price of $68.02, $77.22 and $61.50 per share, respectively.
As of December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, ELS' percentage ownership of the Operating Partnership was approximately 95.3%, 95.3% and 95.2%, respectively. The remaining approximately 4.7%, 4.7% and 4.8% as of December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively, was owned by the Common OP Unitholders.
F-20


Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 5—Common Stock and Other Equity Related Transactions (continued)
The following regular quarterly distributions have been declared and paid to common stockholders and Common OP Unitholders since January 1, 2021:  
Distribution Amount Per ShareFor the Quarter EndedStockholder Record DatePayment Date
$0.3625March 31, 2021March 26, 2021April 9, 2021
$0.3625June 30, 2021June 25, 2021July 9, 2021
$0.3625September 30, 2021September 24, 2021October 8, 2021
$0.3625December 31, 2021December 31, 2021January 14, 2022
$0.4100March 31, 2022March 25, 2022April 8, 2022
$0.4100June 30, 2022June 24, 2022July 8, 2022
$0.4100September 30, 2022September 30, 2022October 14, 2022
$0.4100December 31, 2022December 30, 2022January 13, 2023
$0.4475March 31, 2023March 31, 2023April 14, 2023
$0.4475June 30, 2023June 30, 2023July 14, 2023
$0.4475September 30, 2023September 29, 2023October 13, 2023
$0.4475December 31, 2023December 29, 2023January 12, 2024
Note 6—Investment in Real Estate
Acquisitions
During the year ended December 31, 2023, we completed the acquisition of Red Oak Shores Campground, a 223-site RV community located in Ocean View, New Jersey for a purchase price of $9.5 million. We also acquired two land parcels adjacent to two of our properties, containing approximately two acres for a combined purchase price of $0.5 million. All acquisitions were accounted for as asset acquisitions under ASC 805, Business Combinations and were funded from our unsecured line of credit.
Fair Value
We engaged third-party valuation firms to assist with our purchase price allocation when necessary. The following table summarizes the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, which we determined using Level-3 inputs for land and buildings and other depreciable property and Level-2 inputs for the others:
Years Ended December 31,
(amounts in thousands)
20232022
Assets acquired
Land$2,715 $64,514 
Buildings and other depreciable property6,759 71,498 
In-place leases (a)
583 5,576 
Net investment in real estate$10,057 $141,588 
Other assets 772 
Total assets acquired$10,057 $142,360 
Liabilities assumed
Other liabilities731 2,347 
Total liabilities assumed$731 $2,347 
Net assets acquired$9,326 $140,013 
_____________________
(a)In-place leases are included in buildings and other depreciable property on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.






F-21


Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 7—Investment in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
The following table summarizes our investment in unconsolidated joint ventures (investment amounts in thousands):
 Investment as of December 31,Income/(Loss) for Years Ended December 31,
Investment
Location (a)
Number
of Sites
Economic Interest (b)
 20232022202320222021
MeadowsVarious (2,2)1,077 50 %$534 $158 $2,676 $2,458 $2,010 
LakeshoreFlorida (3,3)721 
(c)
3,387 2,625 757 683 568 
VoyagerArizona (1,1)  %
(d)
 139 694 43 556 
ECHO JVVarious  50 %2,773 2,963 (190)958 773 
RVCVarious 1,283 80 %
(e)
62,441 60,323 (585)(587)(26)
Mulberry FarmsArizona200 50 %10,546 9,902 (246)(169) 
Hiawassee KOA JVGeorgia283 50 %5,623 5,294 (393)(23) 
3,564 $85,304 $81,404 $2,713 $3,363 $3,881 
_____________________ 
(a)The number of Properties are shown parenthetically for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
(b)The percentages shown approximate our economic interest as of December 31, 2023. Our legal ownership interest may differ.
(c)Includes two joint ventures in which we own a 65% interest in each and the Crosswinds joint venture in which we own a 49% interest.
(d)In March of 2023, we sold our 33% interest in the utility plant servicing Voyager RV Resort.
(e)Includes three joint ventures of which one joint venture owns a portfolio of seven operating RV communities and two joint ventures each own an RV property under development.
We recognized $2.7 million, $3.4 million and $3.9 million (net of $4.6 million, $3.9 million and $1.1 million of depreciation expense, respectively) of equity in income from unconsolidated joint ventures for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. We received approximately $7.0 million, $21.6 million and $3.2 million in distributions from joint ventures for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Approximately $2.3 million, $2.2 million and $2.9 million of the distributions made to us exceeded our investment basis in joint ventures, and as such, were recorded as income from unconsolidated joint ventures for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Note 8—Notes Receivable, net
Notes receivable generally are presented at their outstanding unpaid principal balances, net of any allowances and unamortized discounts or premiums. Interest income is accrued on the unpaid principal balance. Discounts or premiums are amortized to income using the interest method.
We provide financing for non-refundable upfront payments required for membership upgrades (“Contracts Receivable”). As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, Contracts Receivable, net of allowance, was $42.3 million and $36.6 million, respectively. Contracts Receivable, as of December 31, 2023, had an average stated interest rate of 15.4% per annum, a weighted average term remaining of 4.6 years and require monthly payments of principal and interest.
In certain cases, we purchase loans made by an unaffiliated lender to finance the sales of homes to our customers at our Properties (referred to as “Chattel Loans”). These loans are secured by the underlying homes sold and require monthly principal and interest payments. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, we had $7.6 million and $8.8 million of Chattel Loans, respectively. As of December 31, 2023, the Chattel Loans receivable had an average stated interest rate of approximately 7.6% per annum and had a weighted average term remaining of approximately 12 years.

Note 9—Borrowing Arrangements
Mortgage Notes Payable
Our mortgage notes payable is classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy as of December 31, 2023 and 2022. The following table presents the fair value of our mortgage notes payable:
F-22


Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 9—Borrowing Arrangements (continued)
As of December 31, 2023As of December 31, 2022
(amounts in thousands)Fair ValueCarrying ValueFair ValueCarrying Value
Mortgage notes payable, excluding deferred financing costs$2,425,384 $3,017,149 $2,043,412 $2,718,114 

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, we had outstanding mortgage indebtedness on Properties of approximately $2,990.0 million and $2,693.2 million, respectively, net of deferred financing costs. The weighted average interest rate on our outstanding mortgage indebtedness, including the impact of premium/discount amortization and loan cost amortization on mortgage indebtedness, as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, was approximately 3.8% and 3.7% per annum, respectively. The debt bears interest at stated rates ranging from 2.4% to 5.1% per annum and matures on various dates ranging from 2025 to 2041. The debt encumbered a total of 120 and 114 of our Properties as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, and the gross carrying value of such Properties was approximately $3,194.1 million and $2,868.3 million, as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
2023 Activity
During the year ended December 31, 2023 we closed on an incremental borrowing from an existing mortgage generating gross proceeds of $89.0 million. The mortgage has a fixed interest rate of 5.04% per annum and matures in ten years. We closed on three mortgages generating gross proceeds of $375.0 million. The mortgages are secured by 20 MH or RV properties, have a weighted average fixed interest rate of 5.05% per annum and a weighted average maturity of approximately eight years.
The proceeds were used to repay the outstanding balance on the unsecured line of credit (“LOC”) and $100.4 million of principal on three mortgages that were due to mature in 2023 and 2024. The repaid mortgages had a weighted average fixed interest rate of 4.94% per annum and were secured by 14 MH and RV properties.
2022 Activity
We repaid $14.2 million of principal on two mortgage loans that were due to mature in 2022, incurring $0.5 million of prepayment penalties. These mortgage loans had a weighted average interest rate of 5.25% per annum and were secured by three RV communities.
We entered into a $200.0 million secured refinancing transaction. The loan is secured by one MH community, has a fixed interest rate of 3.36% per annum and has a maturity date of May 1, 2034. The net proceeds from the transaction were used to repay all debt scheduled to mature in 2022 and to repay amounts outstanding on the LOC.
Unsecured Debt
We previously entered into a Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (“Credit Agreement”), pursuant to which we have access to a $500.0 million LOC and a $300.0 million senior unsecured term loan (the “$300 million Term Loan”). We have the option to increase the borrowing capacity by $200.0 million, subject to certain conditions. On March 1, 2023, we amended the Credit Agreement to transition the LIBOR rate borrowings to Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) borrowings. The LOC bears interest at a rate of SOFR plus 1.25% to 1.65%, requires an annual facility fee of 0.20% to 0.35% and matures on April 18, 2025. The $300 million Term Loan has an interest rate of SOFR plus 1.40% to 1.95% per annum and matures on April 17, 2026. For both the LOC and the $300 million Term Loan, the spread over SOFR is variable based on leverage throughout the respective loan terms. As of December 31, 2023, the Company has no remaining LIBOR based borrowings.
During the year ended December 31, 2022, we entered into a $200.0 million senior unsecured term loan agreement. The maturity date is January 21, 2027, with an interest rate of SOFR plus approximately 1.30% to 1.80%, depending on leverage levels.
The LOC had a balance of $31.0 million and $198.0 million outstanding as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. As of December 31, 2023, our LOC had a remaining borrowing capacity of $469.0 million.
F-23


Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 9—Borrowing Arrangements (continued)
Future Maturities of Debt
The following table presents the aggregate scheduled payments of principal on long-term borrowings for each of the next five years and thereafter as of December 31, 2023:
(amounts in thousands)Amount
2024$64,445 
2025182,820 
2026366,784 
2027269,481 
2028243,963 
Thereafter2,420,655 
Unamortized deferred financing costs(29,542)
Total$3,518,607 

As of December 31, 2023, we were in compliance in all material respects with the covenants in our borrowing arrangements.

Note 10—Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
Cash Flow Hedges of Interest Rate Risk
We record all derivatives at fair value. Our objective in utilizing interest rate derivatives is to add stability to our interest expense and to manage our exposure to interest rate movements. To accomplish this objective, we primarily use interest rate swaps as part of our interest rate risk management strategy. Interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges involve the receipt of variable amounts from a counterparty in our exchange for making fixed-rate payments over the life of the agreements without exchange of the underlying notional amount.
The changes in the fair value of the designated derivative that qualify as a cash flow hedge are recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and subsequently reclassified into earnings on the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income in the period that the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings.
In March 2021, we entered into a Swap Agreement (the “2021 Swap”) with a notional amount of $300.0 million allowing us to trade the variable interest rate associated with our $300.0 million Term Loan for a fixed interest rate. In March 2023, we amended the 2021 Swap agreement to reflect the change in the $300.0 million Term Loan interest rate benchmark from LIBOR to SOFR (see Note 9. Borrowing Arrangements). The 2021 Swap has a fixed interest rate of 0.41% per annum and matures on March 25, 2024. Based on the leverage as of December 31, 2023, our spread over SOFR was 1.40% resulting in an estimated all-in interest rate of 1.81% per annum.
In April 2023, we entered into a Swap Agreement (the “2023 Swap”) with a notional amount of $200.0 million allowing us to trade the variable interest rate associated with our $200.0 million Term Loan for a fixed interest rate. The 2023 Swap has a fixed interest rate of 3.68% per annum and matures on January 21, 2027. Based on the leverage as of December 31, 2023, our spread over SOFR was 1.20% resulting in an estimated all-in interest rate of 4.88% per annum.
Our derivative financial instruments are classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy. The following table presents the fair value of our derivative financial instrument:
As of December 31,
(amounts in thousands)Balance Sheet Location20232022
Interest Rate SwapsOther assets, net$6,061 $19,119 

F-24


Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 10—Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities (continued)
The table below presents the effect of our derivative financial instrument on the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income:
Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging RelationshipAmount of (gain)/loss recognized
in OCI on derivative
for the year ended December 31,
Location of (gain)/ loss reclassified from
accumulated OCI into income
Amount of (gain)/loss reclassified from
accumulated OCI into income
for the year ended December 31,
(amounts in thousands)202320222021(amounts in thousands)202320222021
Interest Rate Swaps$(5,039)$(19,904)$(2,777)Interest Expense$(18,097)$(4,309)$746 
During the next twelve months, we estimate that $5.6 million will be reclassified as a decrease to interest expense. This estimate may be subject to change as the underlying SOFR changes. We determined that no adjustment was necessary for non-performance risk on our derivative obligations. As of December 31, 2023, we had not posted any collateral related to the Swaps.

Note 11—Deferred Revenue of Membership Upgrade Sales and Deferred Commission Expense
The components of the change in deferred revenue entry of membership subscriptions and deferred commission expense were as follows:
As of
(amounts in thousands)
20232022
Deferred revenue - upfront payments from membership upgrade sales as of December 31,$185,660 $163,957 
Membership upgrade sales35,684 34,661 
Revenue recognized from membership upgrade sales upfront payments(14,719)(12,958)
Net increase in deferred revenue - upfront payments from membership upgrade sales20,965 21,703 
Deferred revenue - upfront payments from membership upgrade sales as of December 31, (1)
$206,625 $185,660 
Deferred commission expense as of December 31,$50,441 $47,349 
Deferred commission expense7,411 7,193 
Commission expense recognized(4,211)(4,101)
Net increase in deferred commission expense3,200 3,092 
Deferred commission expense as of December 31,$53,641 $50,441 
_____________________ 
(1)Included in Deferred membership revenue on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

Note 12—Transactions with Related Parties
We lease office space from Two North Riverside Plaza Joint Venture Limited Partnership, an entity affiliated with Samuel Zell, the former Chairman of our Board of Directors. Payments made in accordance with the lease agreement to this entity amounted to approximately $1.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 and $1.7 million for both the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.
Note 13—Equity Incentive Awards
Our 2014 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2014 Plan”) was adopted by the Board of Directors on March 11, 2014 and approved by our stockholders on May 13, 2014. Pursuant to the 2014 Plan, our officers, directors, employees and consultants may be awarded restricted stock, options, including non-qualified stock options and incentive stock options and other forms of equity awards subject to conditions and restrictions determined by the Compensation, Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee of our Board of Directors (the “Compensation Committee”).
Equity awards under the 2014 Plan are made by the Compensation Committee, who determines the individuals eligible to receive awards, the types of awards and the terms, conditions and restrictions applicable to any award. Grants to directors are determined by the Board of Directors. As of December 31, 2023, 5,135,450 shares remained available for future grants.
F-25


Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 13—Equity Incentive Awards (continued)
Restricted stock and options under the 2014 Plan have a maximum contractual term of ten years from the date of grant and have an exercise price not less than the fair value of the stock on the grant date. Individual grants could have different vesting periods but generally no longer than three and a half years. All restricted stock awards have non-forfeitable rights to dividend payments even if the underlying stock does not entirely vest.
Grants Issued
During the quarter ended March 31, 2023, 82,884 shares of restricted stock were awarded to certain members of our management team. Of these shares, 50% are time-based awards, vesting in equal installments over a three-year period on January 30, 2024, February 4, 2025 and February 3, 2026, respectively, and have a grant date fair value of $3.0 million. The remaining 50% are performance-based awards vesting in equal installments on January 30, 2024, February 4, 2025 and February 3, 2026, respectively, upon meeting performance conditions as established by the Compensation Committee in the year of the vesting period. They are valued using the closing price at the grant date when all the key terms and conditions are known to all parties. The 13,812 shares of restricted stock subject to 2023 performance goals have a grant date fair value of $1.0 million.
During the quarter ended June 30, 2023, we awarded to certain members of our Board of Directors 60,391 shares of restricted stock at a fair value of approximately $4.1 million and options to purchase 8,450 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $68.01. These are time-based awards subject to various vesting dates between October 25, 2023 and April 24, 2026.
Stock-based compensation expense, reported in General and administrative expense on the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income, for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 was $14.7 million, $10.5 million and $10.9 million, respectively. Stock-based compensation expense of $14.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 includes accelerated vesting of stock-based compensation expense of $6.3 million recognized during the quarter ended June 30, 2023, as a result of the passing of a member of our Board of Directors.
Restricted Stock
A summary of our restricted stock activities and related information, is as follows:
Number of SharesWeighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share
Balance at December 31, 2020348,791 $53.06
Shares granted162,955 $50.42
Shares forfeited/cancelled $
Shares vested(196,839)$60.91
Balance at December 31, 2021314,907 $53.98
Shares granted130,600 $77.47
Shares forfeited/cancelled(11,881)$33.35
Shares vested(167,244)$48.99
Balance at December 31, 2022266,382 $69.24
Shares granted143,275 $56.63
Shares forfeited/cancelled $
Shares vested(228,478)$72.25
Balance at December 31, 2023181,179 $55.84

Compensation expense to be recognized subsequent to December 31, 2023, for restricted stock granted during or prior to 2023 that have not yet vested was $3.7 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average term of 1.6 years.




F-26


Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 13—Equity Incentive Awards (continued)

Stock Options
The fair value of stock options granted was estimated on the grant date using the Black-Scholes-Merton model. The following table includes the assumptions made in the valuation:
20232022
Dividend Yield2.6%2.1%
Risk-Free Interest Rate3.4%2.8%
Expected Life5.6 years5.6 years
Expected Volatility28.1%26.5%
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share$16.31$18.40
There were 8,450 stock options granted during December 31, 2023. No options were forfeited or expired for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021. A summary of our stock option activity and related information, is as follows:
Shares Subject To OptionsWeighted Average
Exercise Price Per Share
Weighted Average Outstanding Contractual Life (in years)Average Intrinsic Value (in millions)
Balance at December 31, 202057,590 $47.967.2$0.9
Options issued16,185 $68.74
Balance at December 31, 202173,775 $52.526.9$2.6
Options issued7,210 $79.72
Balance at December 31, 202280,985 $54.946.2$1.0
Options issued8,450 $68.01
Balance at December 31, 202389,435 $56.185.6$1.4
Exercisable at December 31, 202381,345 $54.705.2$1.3

Note 14—Long-Term Cash Incentive Plan
2022 LTIP
On February 7, 2022, the Compensation Committee approved a Long-Term Cash Incentive Plan Award (the “2022 LTIP”) to provide a long-term cash bonus opportunity to certain members of our management. The 2022 LTIP was approved by the Compensation Committee pursuant to the authority set forth in the Long-Term Cash Incentive Plan approved by our Board of Directors on May 15, 2007. The total cumulative payment for all participants (the “2022 LTIP Eligible Payment”) is based upon certain performance conditions being met over a three-year period ending December 31, 2024.
The Compensation Committee has responsibility for administering the 2022 LTIP and may use its reasonable discretion to adjust the performance criteria or the 2022 LTIP Eligible Payment to take into account the impact of any major or unforeseen transaction or event. Our named executive officers are not participants in the 2022 LTIP. The 2022 LTIP Eligible Payment will be paid, at the discretion of the Compensation Committee, in cash upon completion of our annual audit for the 2024 fiscal year and upon satisfaction of the vesting conditions as outlined in the 2022 LTIP. For each of the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, we accrued compensation expense of approximately $3.1 million.

Note 15—Savings Plan
We maintain a qualified retirement plan under which eligible employees may defer compensation for income tax purposes under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code (the “401K Plan”). The 401K Plan permits eligible employees and those of any Subsidiary to defer up to 60.0% of their compensation on a pre-tax basis subject to certain limits. In addition, we match 100.0% of their contribution up to the first 3.0% and then 50.0% of the next 2.0% for a maximum potential match of 4.0%. Both employee's and our matching contributions vest immediately.
F-27


Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Our contribution to the 401K Plan was approximately $2.8 million, $2.4 million and $2.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Note 16—Commitments and Contingencies
We are involved in various legal and regulatory proceedings (“Proceedings”) arising in the ordinary course of business. The Proceedings include, but are not limited to, legal claims made by employees, vendors and customers, and notices, consent decrees, information requests, additional permit requirements and other similar enforcement actions by governmental agencies relating to our utility infrastructure, including water and wastewater treatment plants and other waste treatment facilities and electrical systems. Additionally, in the ordinary course of business, our operations are subject to audit by various taxing authorities. Management believes these Proceedings taken together do not represent a material liability. In addition, to the extent any such Proceedings or audits relate to newly acquired Properties, we consider any potential indemnification obligations of sellers in our favor.
Beginning on August 31, 2023 through October 12, 2023, certain private party plaintiffs filed several putative class actions in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Illinois, Eastern Division, against Datacomp Appraisal Systems, Inc. (“Datacomp”) and several owner/operators of manufactured housing communities, including ELS (the “Datacomp Litigation”), alleging that the community owner/operators used JLT Market Reports produced by Datacomp to conspire to raise manufactured home lot rents in violation of Section 1 of the Sherman Act. ELS purchased Datacomp in connection with the MHVillage/Datacomp acquisition during the year ended December 31, 2021. On December 15, 2023, the plaintiffs filed an amended consolidated complaint captioned, In re Manufactured Home Lot Rents Antitrust Litigation, No. 1:23-cv-6715. Plaintiffs seek both injunctive relief and monetary damages, including attorneys’ fees. The defendants filed a motion to dismiss on January 29, 2024.
We believe that the Datacomp Litigation is without merit, and we intend to vigorously defend our interests in this matter. As of December 31, 2023, we have not made an accrual, as we are unable to predict the outcome of this matter or reasonably estimate any possible loss.
F-28


Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 17—Reportable Segments
Operating segments are defined as components of an entity for which separate financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”). The CODM evaluates and assesses performance on a monthly basis. Segment operating performance is measured on Net Operating Income (“NOI”). NOI is defined as total operating revenues less total operating expenses. Segments are assessed before interest income and depreciation and amortization.
We have identified two reportable segments: (i) Property Operations and (ii) Home Sales and Rentals Operations. The Property Operations segment owns and operates land lease Properties and the Home Sales and Rentals Operations segment purchases, sells and leases homes at the Properties. The distribution of the Properties throughout the United States reflects our belief that geographic diversification helps insulate the total portfolio from regional economic influences.
All revenues are from external customers and there is no customer who contributed 10% or more of our total revenues during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.
The following tables summarize our segment financial information for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021:
Year Ended December 31, 2023
(amounts in thousands)Property
Operations
Home Sales
and Rentals
Operations
Consolidated
Operations revenues$1,361,792 $109,891 $1,471,683 
Operations expenses(685,392)(94,778)(780,170)
Income from segment operations676,400 15,113 691,513 
Interest income6,473 2,512 8,985 
Depreciation and amortization(192,857)(10,881)(203,738)
Loss on sale of real estate and impairment, net(3,581) (3,581)
Income from operations$486,435 $6,744 $493,179 
Reconciliation to consolidated net income:
Corporate interest income52 
Income from other investments, net8,703 
General and administrative(47,280)
Other expenses(5,768)
Interest and related amortization(132,342)
Income tax benefit10,488 
Equity in income of unconsolidated joint ventures2,713 
Early debt retirement(68)
Consolidated net income$329,677 
Total assets$5,342,386 $271,347 $5,613,733 
Capital improvements$290,081 $27,005 $317,086 
F-29


Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 17—Reportable Segments (continued)
Year Ended December 31, 2022
(amounts in thousands)Property
Operations
Home Sales
and Rentals
Operations
Consolidated
Operations revenues$1,291,467 $139,630 $1,431,097 
Operations expenses(656,839)(121,196)(778,035)
Income from segment operations634,628 18,434 653,062 
Interest income5,722 1,701 7,423 
Depreciation and amortization(192,302)(10,060)(202,362)
Income (loss) from operations$448,048 $10,075 $458,123 
Reconciliation to consolidated net income:
Corporate interest income7 
Income from other investments, net8,553 
General and administrative(44,857)
Other expenses(8,646)
Interest and related amortization(116,562)
Equity in income of unconsolidated joint ventures3,363 
Early debt retirement(1,156)
Consolidated net income$298,825 
Total assets$5,228,575 $263,944 $5,492,519 
Capital improvements$227,172 $22,105 $249,277 

Year Ended December 31, 2021
(amounts in thousands)Property
Operations
Home Sales
and Rentals
Operations
Consolidated
Operations revenues$1,187,535 $117,297 $1,304,832 
Operations expenses(594,503)(105,959)(700,462)
Income from segment operations593,032 11,338 604,370 
Interest income5,068 1,918 6,986 
Depreciation and amortization(177,897)(10,547)(188,444)
Loss on sale of real estate, net(59) (59)
Income (loss) from operations$420,144 $2,709 $422,853 
Reconciliation to consolidated net income:
Corporate interest income30 
Income from other investments, net4,555 
General and administrative(39,576)
Other expenses(4,241)
Interest and related amortization(108,718)
Equity in income of unconsolidated joint ventures3,881 
Early debt retirement(2,784)
Consolidated net income$276,000 
Total assets$5,056,991 $250,880 $5,307,871 
Capital Improvements$193,895 $10,370 $204,265 
F-30


Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 17—Reportable Segments (continued)
The following table summarizes our financial information for the Property Operations segment for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021:
Years Ended December 31,
(amounts in thousands)202320222021
Revenues:
Rental income$1,164,333 $1,103,357 $1,015,879 
Annual membership subscriptions65,379 63,215 58,251 
Membership upgrade sales14,719 12,958 11,191 
Other income67,407 56,144 50,298 
Gross revenues from ancillary services49,954 55,793 51,916 
Total property operations revenues1,361,792 1,291,467 1,187,535 
Expenses:
Property operating and maintenance464,512 437,764 393,256 
Real estate taxes77,993 74,145 72,671 
Membership sales and marketing20,974 20,317 18,668 
Cost of ancillary services24,192 28,969 25,529 
Ancillary operating expenses21,551 21,561 18,400 
Property management76,170 74,083 65,979 
Total property operations expenses685,392 656,839 594,503 
Income from property operations segment$676,400 $634,628 $593,032 

The following table summarizes our financial information for the Home Sales and Rentals Operations segment for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021:
Years Ended December 31,
(amounts in thousands)202320222021
Revenues:
Rental income (1)
$14,626 $15,244 $16,696 
Gross revenue from home sales and brokered resales95,265 124,386 100,601 
Total revenues109,891 139,630 117,297 
Expenses:
Cost of home sales and brokered resales83,476 110,043 95,094 
Home selling expenses5,902 5,760 5,138 
Rental home operating and maintenance5,400 5,393 5,727 
Total expenses94,778 121,196 105,959 
Income from home sales and rentals operations segment$15,113 $18,434 $11,338 
_____________________
(1)     Rental income within Home Sales and Rentals Operations does not include base rent related to the rental home Sites. Base rent is included within property operations.
Note 18—Subsequent Events
Equity Incentive Awards
On February 2, 2024, the Compensation Committee approved the 2024 Restricted Stock Award Program for certain members of our management team pursuant to the authority set forth in the 2014 Plan. As a result, we awarded 90,378 shares of restricted stock. Of these shares, 50% are time-based awards, vesting in equal installments over a three-year period on February 4, 2025, February 3, 2026 and February 2, 2027, respectively, and have a grant date fair value of $3.0 million. The remaining 50% are performance-based awards vesting in equal installments on February 4, 2025, February 3, 2026 and February 2, 2027, respectively, upon meeting performance conditions to be established by the Compensation Committee in the year of the vesting
F-31


Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 18—Subsequent Events (continued)
period. They are valued using the closing price at the grant date when all the key terms and conditions are known to all parties. The 15,062 shares of restricted stock subject to 2024 performance goals have a grant date fair value of $1.0 million.
Dividend
On February 6, 2024, our Board of Directors approved setting the annual dividend rate for 2024 at $1.91 per share of common stock, an increase of $0.12 over the current $1.79 per share of common stock for 2023. Our Board of Directors, in its sole discretion, will determine the amount of each quarterly dividend in advance of payment.
F-32

Schedule III
Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation
    Initial Cost to ELSCosts Capitalized
Subsequent to
Acquisition (Improvements)
Gross Amount Carried at 12/31/23  
Real Estate (1)
LocationEncumbrancesLandDepreciable PropertyLandDepreciable PropertyLandDepreciable Property
Total (3)
Accumulated
Depreciation
Date of
Acquisition
Properties Held for Long Term
Hidden CoveArleyAL$ $212 $610 $ $2,136 $212 $2,746 $2,958 $(720)2006
Apache EastApache JunctionAZ(4,558)2,236 4,181  281 2,236 4,462 6,698 (2,011)2011
Countryside RVApache JunctionAZ(7,417)2,056 6,241  1,908 2,056 8,149 10,205 (5,433)2002
Denali ParkApache JunctionAZ 2,394 4,016  728 2,394 4,744 7,138 (1,959)2011
Dolce VitaApache JunctionAZ(41,749)52,803 37,245  7,879 52,803 45,124 97,927 (8,001)2020
Golden Sun RVApache JunctionAZ(5,268)1,678 5,049  1,856 1,678 6,905 8,583 (4,029)2002
Meridian RV ResortApache JunctionAZ 6,445 5,292  657 6,445 5,949 12,394 (1,360)2020
Valley VistaBensonAZ 115 429  433 115 862 977 (313)2010
Casita VerdeCasa GrandeAZ 719 2,179  477 719 2,656 3,375 (1,401)2006
Fiesta GrandeCasa GrandeAZ 2,869 8,653  2,092 2,869 10,745 13,614 (5,642)2006
Foothills WestCasa GrandeAZ 747 2,261  820 747 3,081 3,828 (1,633)2006
Sunshine ValleyChandlerAZ(28,209)9,139 12,912  1,121 9,139 14,033 23,172 (6,062)2011
Verde ValleyCottonwoodAZ 1,437 3,390 19 8,121 1,456 11,511 12,967 (4,040)2004
Casa del Sol East IIGlendaleAZ 2,103 6,283  4,082 2,103 10,365 12,468 (6,328)1996
Casa del Sol East IIIGlendaleAZ 2,450 7,452  1,738 2,450 9,190 11,640 (7,029)1998
Palm ShadowsGlendaleAZ 1,400 4,218  2,190 1,400 6,408 7,808 (5,279)1993
Hacienda De ValenciaMesaAZ(17,088)833 2,701  6,062 833 8,763 9,596 (6,308)1984
Mesa SpiritMesaAZ(13,591)17,382 25,238 192 1,434 17,574 26,672 44,246 (8,341)2014
Monte Vista ResortMesaAZ(61,511)11,402 34,355  39,917 11,402 74,272 85,674 (30,528)2004
Seyenna VistasMesaAZ 1,360 4,660 (87)4,128 1,273 8,788 10,061 (6,783)1994
The Highlands at BrentwoodMesaAZ(10,695)1,997 6,024  2,871 1,997 8,895 10,892 (7,580)1993
ViewPoint RV & Golf ResortMesaAZ(144,594)24,890 56,340 15 30,043 24,905 86,383 111,288 (46,161)2004
Apollo VillagePeoriaAZ 932 3,219  2,032 932 5,251 6,183 (4,341)1994
Casa del Sol WestPeoriaAZ 2,215 6,467  3,331 2,215 9,798 12,013 (6,367)1996
Carefree ManorPhoenixAZ 706 3,040  1,470 706 4,510 5,216 (3,301)1998
Central ParkPhoenixAZ(9,261)1,612 3,784  2,640 1,612 6,424 8,036 (5,094)1983
Desert SkiesPhoenixAZ(3,991)792 3,126  1,278 792 4,404 5,196 (3,309)1998
Sunrise HeightsPhoenixAZ(4,889)1,000 3,016  2,465 1,000 5,481 6,481 (4,158)1994
Whispering PalmsPhoenixAZ 670 2,141  713 670 2,854 3,524 (2,178)1998
Desert VistaSalomeAZ 66 268  445 66 713 779 (287)2010
Sedona ShadowsSedonaAZ 1,096 3,431  4,319 1,096 7,750 8,846 (4,281)1997
Venture InShow LowAZ(8,688)2,050 6,188  1,145 2,050 7,333 9,383 (4,042)2006
ParadiseSun CityAZ(36,153)6,414 19,263 11 4,445 6,425 23,708 30,133 (14,868)2004
The Meadows AZTempeAZ(14,226)2,613 7,887  5,457 2,613 13,344 15,957 (10,763)1994
S-1

Schedule III
Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation
    Initial Cost to ELSCosts Capitalized
Subsequent to
Acquisition (Improvements)
Gross Amount Carried at 12/31/23  
Real Estate (1)
LocationEncumbrancesLandDepreciable PropertyLandDepreciable PropertyLandDepreciable Property
Total (3)
Accumulated
Depreciation
Date of
Acquisition
Fairview ManorTucsonAZ 1,674 4,708  3,358 1,674 8,066 9,740 (5,746)1998
The Crossing at Voyager (2)
TucsonAZ 6,148   8,148 6,148 8,148 14,296 (123)2020
VoyagerTucsonAZ(38,277)13,133 63,886  2,380 13,133 66,266 79,399 (12,270)2021
WestparkWickenburgAZ(15,910)4,495 10,517  5,667 4,495 16,184 20,679 (5,536)2011
Araby AcresYumaAZ 1,440 4,345  1,548 1,440 5,893 7,333 (3,511)2003
Cactus GardensYumaAZ(5,625)1,992 5,984  966 1,992 6,950 8,942 (4,210)2004
CapriYumaAZ 1,595 4,774  704 1,595 5,478 7,073 (3,004)2006
Desert ParadiseYumaAZ 666 2,011  603 666 2,614 3,280 (1,574)2004
Foothill VillageYumaAZ 459 1,402  934 459 2,336 2,795 (1,164)2003
Mesa Verde RVYumaAZ(3,959)1,387 4,148  1,212 1,387 5,360 6,747 (2,755)2007
Suni SandsYumaAZ 1,249 3,759  885 1,249 4,644 5,893 (2,843)2004
Cultus LakeLindell BeachBC 410 968 6 704 416 1,672 2,088 (1,116)2004
Soledad CanyonActonCA 2,933 6,917 39 21,096 2,972 28,013 30,985 (7,937)2004
Los RanchosApple ValleyCA 8,336 15,774  6,463 8,336 22,237 30,573 (7,647)2011
Monte del LagoCastrovilleCA(40,007)3,150 9,469  6,957 3,150 16,426 19,576 (10,923)1997
Date Palm Country ClubCathedral CityCA  18,179  12,492  30,671 30,671 (23,880)1994
Palm Springs Oasis RV ResortCathedral CityCA  216  1,178  1,394 1,394 (634)1994
Colony ParkCeresCA(7,593)890 2,837  1,932 890 4,769 5,659 (3,299)1998
Russian RiverCloverdaleCA 368 868 5 1,033 373 1,901 2,274 (841)2004
Oakzanita SpringsDescansoCA 396 934 5 3,543 401 4,477 4,878 (1,591)2004
Rancho MesaEl CajonCA(16,407)2,130 6,389  2,967 2,130 9,356 11,486 (6,317)1998
Rancho ValleyEl CajonCA(21,032)685 1,902  3,430 685 5,332 6,017 (3,151)1983
SnowflowerEmigrant GapCA 308 727 4 2,306 312 3,033 3,345 (1,271)2004
Four SeasonsFresnoCA 756 2,348  3,939 756 6,287 7,043 (2,910)1997
Yosemite LakesGrovelandCA 2,045 4,823 27 11,266 2,072 16,089 18,161 (5,469)2004
Royal HolidayHemetCA 778 2,643  7,686 778 10,329 11,107 (4,295)1999
IdyllwildIdyllwild-Pine CoveCA 313 737 4 2,953 317 3,690 4,007 (1,425)2004
Pio PicoJamulCA 2,626 6,194 35 8,468 2,661 14,662 17,323 (6,087)2004
Tahoe ValleyLake TahoeCA  5,428  2,282  7,710 7,710 (4,550)2004
Sea OaksLos OsosCA 871 2,703  2,211 871 4,914 5,785 (2,994)1997
Ponderosa ResortLotusCA 900 2,100  1,912 900 4,012 4,912 (2,114)2006
Turtle BeachMantecaCA 268 633 4 1,191 272 1,824 2,096 (814)2004
Marina Dunes RV ResortMarinaCA 20,379 8,204  867 20,379 9,071 29,450 (1,036)2020
Wilderness LakesMenifeeCA 2,157 5,088 405 5,235 2,562 10,323 12,885 (4,608)2004
CoralwoodModestoCA  5,047  2,051  7,098 7,098 (5,196)1997
S-2

Schedule III
Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation
    Initial Cost to ELSCosts Capitalized
Subsequent to
Acquisition (Improvements)
Gross Amount Carried at 12/31/23  
Real Estate (1)
LocationEncumbrancesLandDepreciable PropertyLandDepreciable PropertyLandDepreciable Property
Total (3)
Accumulated
Depreciation
Date of
Acquisition
Morgan HillMorgan HillCA 1,856 4,378 980 9,052 2,836 13,430 16,266 (4,391)2004
Lake MindenNicolausCA 961 2,267 13 2,488 974 4,755 5,729 (2,408)2004
Pacific Dunes RanchOceanaCA 1,940 5,632  3,210 1,940 8,842 10,782 (4,357)2004
Oceanside RVOceansideCA 27,781 16,596  932 27,781 17,528 45,309 (2,435)2022
Lake of the SpringsOregon HouseCA 1,062 2,504 14 3,336 1,076 5,840 6,916 (2,630)2004
Concord CascadePachecoCA(23,811)985 3,016  5,041 985 8,057 9,042 (5,017)1983
San Francisco RVPacificaCA 1,660 4,973  3,697 1,660 8,670 10,330 (5,343)2005
San BenitoPaicinesCA 1,411 3,328 19 6,990 1,430 10,318 11,748 (3,543)2004
Palm SpringsPalm DesertCA 1,811 4,271 24 4,163 1,835 8,434 10,269 (3,759)2004
Las Palmas EstatesRialtoCA 1,295 3,866  1,383 1,295 5,249 6,544 (3,027)2004
Parque La QuintaRialtoCA 1,799 5,450  2,026 1,799 7,476 9,275 (4,015)2004
Quail MeadowsRiverbankCA 1,155 3,469  1,272 1,155 4,741 5,896 (3,531)1998
California HawaiianSan JoseCA(30,398)5,825 17,755  7,308 5,825 25,063 30,888 (18,733)1997
Nicholson PlazaSan JoseCA  4,512  (4,512)    1997
SunshadowSan JoseCA 12,334 5,707 8 1,660 12,342 7,367 19,709 (5,582)1997
Village of the Four SeasonsSan JoseCA(17,558)5,229 15,714  2,728 5,229 18,442 23,671 (11,106)2004
Westwinds (4 properties)San JoseCA  17,616  (17,616)    1997
Laguna LakeSan Luis ObispoCA(18,759)2,845 6,520  4,235 2,845 10,755 13,600 (6,558)1998
Contempo MarinSan RafaelCA(34,626)4,787 16,379  6,292 4,787 22,671 27,458 (19,057)1994
Rancho OsoSanta BarbaraCA 860 2,029 12 5,907 872 7,936 8,808 (2,386)2004
De Anza Santa CruzSanta CruzCA(46,126)2,103 7,201  6,981 2,103 14,182 16,285 (9,570)1994
MeadowbrookSanteeCA(20,201)4,345 12,528  5,072 4,345 17,600 21,945 (12,642)1998
Santa Cruz RanchScotts ValleyCA 1,595 3,937  1,593 1,595 5,530 7,125 (2,461)2007
Lamplighter VillageSpring ValleyCA(36,569)633 2,201  3,817 633 6,018 6,651 (3,574)1983
Santiago EstatesSylmarCA(20,272)3,562 10,767  5,600 3,562 16,367 19,929 (10,846)1998
Royal OaksVisaliaCA 602 1,921  3,340 602 5,261 5,863 (2,505)1997
Pilot Knob RV ResortWinterhavenCA 581 1,151  940 581 2,091 2,672 (294)2022
Hillcrest Village COAuroraCO(36,209)1,912 5,202 289 9,890 2,201 15,092 17,293 (8,743)1983
Cimarron VillageBroomfieldCO(29,865)863 2,790  2,341 863 5,131 5,994 (3,778)1983
Holiday Village COColorado SpringsCO(19,732)567 1,759  3,695 567 5,454 6,021 (3,170)1983
Bear Creek VillageDenverCO(5,315)1,100 3,359  1,420 1,100 4,779 5,879 (3,370)1998
Holiday Hills VillageDenverCO(65,156)2,159 7,780  11,428 2,159 19,208 21,367 (12,986)1983
Golden TerraceGoldenCO 826 2,415  4,253 826 6,668 7,494 (4,102)1983
Golden Terrace SouthGoldenCO 750 2,265  1,148 750 3,413 4,163 (2,623)1997
Golden Terrace WestGoldenCO 1,694 5,065  7,794 1,694 12,859 14,553 (7,528)1986
S-3

Schedule III
Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation
    Initial Cost to ELSCosts Capitalized
Subsequent to
Acquisition (Improvements)
Gross Amount Carried at 12/31/23  
Real Estate (1)
LocationEncumbrancesLandDepreciable PropertyLandDepreciable PropertyLandDepreciable Property
Total (3)
Accumulated
Depreciation
Date of
Acquisition
Blue Mesa Recreational RanchGunnisonCO 5,126 8,217  598 5,126 8,815 13,941 (1,988)2022
Pueblo GrandePuebloCO 241 1,069  5,766 241 6,835 7,076 (2,283)1983
Woodland HillsThorntonCO(37,343)1,928 4,408  4,841 1,928 9,249 11,177 (7,312)1994
Stonegate ManorNorth WindhamCT 6,011 12,336  674 6,011 13,010 19,021 (5,831)2011
Waterford EstatesBearDE(36,549)5,250 16,202  4,111 5,250 20,313 25,563 (10,612)1996
McNicol PlaceLewesDE 562 1,710  341 562 2,051 2,613 (1,616)1998
Whispering PinesLewesDE 1,536 4,609  2,776 1,536 7,385 8,921 (6,008)1988
Mariner's CoveMillsboroDE(17,577)990 2,971  12,896 990 15,867 16,857 (8,161)1987
SweetbriarMillsboroDE 498 1,527  1,149 498 2,676 3,174 (1,840)1998
Aspen MeadowsRehobothDE(12,653)1,148 3,460  1,130 1,148 4,590 5,738 (3,483)1998
Camelot MeadowsRehobothDE 527 2,058 1,251 5,138 1,778 7,196 8,974 (5,494)1998
Riverside RV ResortArcadiaFL 8,400 11,905 11,085 5,251 19,485 17,156 36,641 (5,951)2016
Toby’s RV ResortArcadiaFL 1,093 3,280  938 1,093 4,218 5,311 (2,518)2003
Aventura MarinaAventuraFL 813 811  7 813 818 1,631 (154)2019
Hi-Lift MarinaAventuraFL 21,444 4,178  1,851 21,444 6,029 27,473 (1,073)2021
Sunshine KeyBig Pine KeyFL 5,273 15,822  17,693 5,273 33,515 38,788 (14,819)2004
Windmill ManorBradentonFL(9,796)2,153 6,125  2,800 2,153 8,925 11,078 (6,727)1998
Winter Quarters ManateeBradentonFL 2,300 6,903  2,435 2,300 9,338 11,638 (5,314)2004
Clover Leaf FarmsBrooksvilleFL(30,314)13,684 24,106  10,755 13,684 34,861 48,545 (12,162)2011
Clover Leaf ForestBrooksvilleFL 1,092 2,178  767 1,092 2,945 4,037 (1,084)2011
Myriad Development - Resort at Tranquility LakeCape CoralFL 12,572  44 31,365 12,616 31,365 43,981 (1,375)2020
Palm Harbour MarinaCape HazeFL 13,228 6,310  (355)13,228 5,955 19,183 (851)2021
Glen EllenClearwaterFL 619 1,882  657 619 2,539 3,158 (1,554)2002
Hillcrest FLClearwaterFL 1,278 3,928  3,890 1,278 7,818 9,096 (4,562)1998
Holiday RanchClearwaterFL 925 2,866  808 925 3,674 4,599 (2,878)1998
SerendipityClearwaterFL(16,005)18,944 11,782  2,371 18,944 14,153 33,097 (5,212)2018
Shady Lane OaksClearwaterFL 4,984 8,482  932 4,984 9,414 14,398 (4,138)2011
Shady Lane VillageClearwaterFL 3,102 5,480  644 3,102 6,124 9,226 (2,677)2011
Silk Oak LodgeClearwaterFL 1,649 5,028  830 1,649 5,858 7,507 (3,777)2002
Clerbrook Golf & RV ResortClermontFL 3,883 11,700  5,333 3,883 17,033 20,916 (8,299)2006
Lake MagicClermontFL 1,595 4,793  2,334 1,595 7,127 8,722 (3,885)2004
Orange LakeClermontFL 4,303 6,815  1,988 4,303 8,803 13,106 (3,499)2011
OrlandoClermontFL 2,975 7,017 40 25,254 3,015 32,271 35,286 (8,879)2004
Cortez Village MarinaCortezFL 17,936  511 17,936 4,467 22,403 (814)2021
S-4

Schedule III
Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation
    Initial Cost to ELSCosts Capitalized
Subsequent to
Acquisition (Improvements)
Gross Amount Carried at 12/31/23  
Real Estate (1)
LocationEncumbrancesLandDepreciable PropertyLandDepreciable PropertyLandDepreciable Property
Total (3)
Accumulated
Depreciation
Date of
Acquisition
Crystal IslesCrystal RiverFL 926 2,787 10 4,124 936 6,911 7,847 (3,260)2004
Cheron VillageDavieFL 10,393 6,217  431 10,393 6,648 17,041 (3,216)2011
Carriage CoveDaytona BeachFL(14,394)2,914 8,682  4,280 2,914 12,962 15,876 (8,833)1998
Daytona Beach MarinaDaytona BeachFL 1,962 9,034  368 1,962 9,402 11,364 (1,664)2019
Lake HavenDunedinFL(12,135)1,135 4,047  4,657 1,135 8,704 9,839 (6,657)1983
Marker 1 MarinaDunedinFL 21,685 15,758  182 21,685 15,940 37,625 (2,848)2020
Coquina CrossingElktonFL(25,109)5,274 5,545  27,100 5,274 32,645 37,919 (16,505)1999
Colony CoveEllentonFL(86,379)28,660 92,457 38,094 41,626 66,754 134,083 200,837 (47,940)2011
Ridgewood EstatesEllentonFL(24,809)8,769 8,791  1,322 8,769 10,113 18,882 (4,304)2011
Haselton VillageEustisFL 3,800 8,955  1,288 3,800 10,243 14,043 (4,261)2011
Southern Palms RVEustisFL 2,169 5,884  5,890 2,169 11,774 13,943 (7,868)1998
Bulow PlantationFlagler BeachFL 3,637 949  7,804 3,637 8,753 12,390 (6,109)1994
Bulow RVFlagler BeachFL  228  2,651  2,879 2,879 (1,316)1994
Carefree CoveFort LauderdaleFL 1,741 5,170  1,320 1,741 6,490 8,231 (3,856)2004
Everglades LakesFort LauderdaleFL 53,850 18,797  3,422 53,850 22,219 76,069 (5,054)2018
Park City WestFort LauderdaleFL(25,440)4,184 12,561  1,928 4,184 14,489 18,673 (9,040)2004
Sunshine Holiday MHFort LauderdaleFL(16,347)3,099 9,286  2,866 3,099 12,152 15,251 (6,856)2004
Crystal Lakes-Fort MyersFort MyersFL 1,047  1,754 1,510 2,801 1,510 4,311 (130)2018
Fish Tale MarinaFort MyersFL 24,027 5,555  1,330 24,027 6,885 30,912 (884)2021
Fort Myers BeachFort MyersFL 1,188 3,548 849 8,248 2,037 11,796 13,833 (3,094)2004
Gulf AirFort Myers BeachFL 1,609 4,746  6,036 1,609 10,782 12,391 (3,686)2004
Lakeside TerraceFruitland ParkFL 3,275 7,165  927 3,275 8,092 11,367 (3,476)2011
Grand Island ResortGrand IslandFL 1,723 5,208 125 7,520 1,848 12,728 14,576 (7,213)2001
Holiday Travel ParkHolidayFL 9,240 13,284  2,152 9,240 15,436 24,676 (5,880)2018
Hollywood MarinaHollywoodFL 14,638 4,065  1,154 14,638 5,219 19,857 (997)2019
South Miami MarinaHomesteadFL  13,144  416  13,560 13,560 (2,376)2019
Barrington HillsHudsonFL(5,902)1,145 3,437  2,209 1,145 5,646 6,791 (2,907)2004
Jupiter MarinaJupiterFL 5,090 4,842  1,363 5,090 6,205 11,295 (1,491)2019
Sherwood Forest - MHPKissimmeeFL 4,852 14,596  12,492 4,852 27,088 31,940 (17,339)1998
Sherwood Forest RVKissimmeeFL 2,870 3,621 568 5,420 3,438 9,041 12,479 (5,572)1998
Tropical PalmsKissimmeeFL 5,677 17,116  19,579 5,677 36,695 42,372 (18,365)2004
Lake Worth VillageLake WorthFL 14,959 24,501  5,765 14,959 30,266 45,225 (12,475)2011
Beacon Hill ColonyLakelandFL 3,775 6,405  872 3,775 7,277 11,052 (3,003)2011
Beacon TerraceLakelandFL(8,505)5,372 9,153 216 1,199 5,588 10,352 15,940 (4,391)2011
Kings & QueensLakelandFL 1,696 3,064  506 1,696 3,570 5,266 (1,514)2011
S-5

Schedule III
Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation
    Initial Cost to ELSCosts Capitalized
Subsequent to
Acquisition (Improvements)
Gross Amount Carried at 12/31/23  
Real Estate (1)
LocationEncumbrancesLandDepreciable PropertyLandDepreciable PropertyLandDepreciable Property
Total (3)
Accumulated
Depreciation
Date of
Acquisition
Lakeland HarborLakelandFL(35,369)10,446 17,376  1,385 10,446 18,761 29,207 (8,089)2011
Lakeland JunctionLakelandFL(3,019)3,018 4,752  477 3,018 5,229 8,247 (2,289)2011
Lantana MarinaLantanaFL 8,276 5,108  (170)8,276 4,938 13,214 (1,278)2019
Maralago CayLantanaFL(36,703)5,325 15,420  7,550 5,325 22,970 28,295 (17,612)1997
South Lantana MarinaLantanaFL 2,345 1,894  519 2,345 2,413 4,758 (644)2019
Down YonderLargoFL 2,652 7,981  1,808 2,652 9,789 12,441 (6,365)1998
East Bay OaksLargoFL(8,084)1,240 3,322  2,310 1,240 5,632 6,872 (4,397)1983
Eldorado VillageLargoFL(5,402)778 2,341  2,302 778 4,643 5,421 (3,313)1983
Paradise Park - LargoLargoFL(5,115)3,523 4,026  745 3,523 4,771 8,294 (1,887)2017
Shangri-La Mobile Home ParkLargoFL 1,722 5,200  512 1,722 5,712 7,434 (3,650)2004
Vacation VillageLargoFL(5,454)1,315 3,946  1,171 1,315 5,117 6,432 (3,038)2004
Whispering Pines - LargoLargoFL 8,218 14,054  2,147 8,218 16,201 24,419 (6,771)2011
Coachwood ColonyLeesburgFL 1,602 4,822  1,796 1,602 6,618 8,220 (3,676)2004
Mid-Florida LakesLeesburgFL(56,339)5,997 20,635  18,016 5,997 38,651 44,648 (28,314)1994
Fiesta KeyLong KeyFL 16,611 7,338  19,799 16,611 27,137 43,748 (5,869)2013
Winter Quarters PascoLutzFL(7,886)1,494 4,484  2,452 1,494 6,936 8,430 (3,623)2004
Coral Cay PlantationMargateFL(87,440)5,890 20,211  10,958 5,890 31,169 37,059 (25,944)1994
Lakewood VillageMelbourneFL 1,862 5,627  3,335 1,862 8,962 10,824 (7,099)1994
Miami EvergladesMiamiFL 5,362 6,238  1,965 5,362 8,203 13,565 (3,468)2015
SouthernaireMt. DoraFL 796 2,395  708 796 3,103 3,899 (1,764)2004
Country Place (2)
New Port RicheyFL(16,427)663  18 8,819 681 8,819 9,500 (7,121)1986
Hacienda VillageNew Port RicheyFL(14,244)4,297 13,088  4,966 4,297 18,054 22,351 (11,029)2002
Harbor View Mobile ManorNew Port RicheyFL(15,530)4,030 12,146  4,676 4,030 16,822 20,852 (9,237)2002
Bay Lake EstatesNokomisFL(9,780)990 3,390  3,289 990 6,679 7,669 (4,778)1994
Lake VillageNokomisFL(13,446)15,850 18,099 10,408 4,623 26,258 22,722 48,980 (8,503)2011
Royal CoachmanNokomisFL 5,321 15,978  2,664 5,321 18,642 23,963 (11,713)2004
Buccaneer EstatesNorth Fort MyersFL 4,207 14,410  23,729 4,207 38,139 42,346 (17,314)1994
Island Vista EstatesNorth Fort MyersFL 5,004 15,066  7,755 5,004 22,821 27,825 (9,958)2006
Lake FairwaysNorth Fort MyersFL(32,927)6,075 18,134 35 5,598 6,110 23,732 29,842 (20,172)1994
Pine LakesNorth Fort MyersFL(57,982)6,306 14,579 24,941 11,570 31,247 26,149 57,396 (21,020)1994
Pioneer VillageNorth Fort MyersFL(15,846)4,116 12,353  4,718 4,116 17,071 21,187 (9,823)2004
Sunseekers RV ResortNorth Fort MyersFL 4,224 2,299  2,649 4,224 4,948 9,172 (1,626)2018
The HeritageNorth Fort MyersFL 1,438 4,371 346 7,218 1,784 11,589 13,373 (8,068)1993
Windmill Village - N. Ft. MyersNorth Fort MyersFL 1,417 5,440  6,119 1,417 11,559 12,976 (7,735)1983
Foxwood FarmsOcalaFL 3,853 7,967  3,047 3,853 11,014 14,867 (4,319)2011
S-6

Schedule III
Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation
    Initial Cost to ELSCosts Capitalized
Subsequent to
Acquisition (Improvements)
Gross Amount Carried at 12/31/23  
Real Estate (1)
LocationEncumbrancesLandDepreciable PropertyLandDepreciable PropertyLandDepreciable Property
Total (3)
Accumulated
Depreciation
Date of
Acquisition
Oak BendOcalaFL 850 2,572  9,712 850 12,284 13,134 (4,336)1993
Villas at Spanish OaksOcalaFL 2,250 6,922  4,038 2,250 10,960 13,210 (8,527)1993
Silver Dollar Golf & Trap Club ResortOdessaFL 4,107 12,431 7,158 4,895 11,265 17,326 28,591 (10,202)2004
Okeechobee RV ResortOkeechobeeFL 14,897 27,337  2,528 14,897 29,865 44,762 (6,720)2021
Audubon Village - FloridaOrlandoFL 4,622 7,200  1,212 4,622 8,412 13,034 (3,540)2011
Hidden ValleyOrlandoFL(24,811)11,398 12,861  1,683 11,398 14,544 25,942 (6,214)2011
Starlight RanchOrlandoFL(28,287)13,543 20,388  7,538 13,543 27,926 41,469 (10,469)2011
Holiday Village, Ormond BeachOrmond BeachFL 2,610 7,837  3,209 2,610 11,046 13,656 (6,140)2002
Sunshine Holiday-Daytona NorthOrmond BeachFL 2,001 6,004  2,101 2,001 8,105 10,106 (4,704)2004
Palm Beach Gardens MarinaPalm BeachFL 15,734 4,938  288 15,734 5,226 20,960 (1,177)2019
The Meadows, FLPalm Beach GardensFL(40,938)3,229 9,870  7,642 3,229 17,512 20,741 (11,542)1999
Terra CeiaPalmettoFL 965 2,905 1,833 16,829 2,798 19,734 22,532 (2,748)2004
Lakes at CountrywoodPlant CityFL 2,377 7,085  5,368 2,377 12,453 14,830 (7,059)2001
Meadows at CountrywoodPlant CityFL 4,514 13,175 75 14,426 4,589 27,601 32,190 (18,073)1998
Oaks at CountrywoodPlant CityFL 846 2,513 (75)2,479 771 4,992 5,763 (3,099)1998
Breezy HillPompano BeachFL(25,757)5,424 16,555  3,850 5,424 20,405 25,829 (13,331)2002
Hidden Harbour MarinaPompano BeachFL 26,116 12,513  563 26,116 13,076 39,192 (1,868)2021
Highland Wood Travel ParkPompano BeachFL 1,043 3,130 42 981 1,085 4,111 5,196 (2,530)2002
Inlet Harbor MarinaPonce InletFL 11,858 5,485  517 11,858 6,002 17,860 (968)2021
Harbor LakesPort CharlotteFL(16,131)3,384 10,154  3,134 3,384 13,288 16,672 (7,478)2004
Lighthouse Pointe at Daytona BeachPort OrangeFL 2,446 7,483 23 5,005 2,469 12,488 14,957 (7,939)1998
Pickwick VillagePort OrangeFL(15,103)2,803 8,870  7,321 2,803 16,191 18,994 (9,178)1998
Rose BayPort OrangeFL 3,866 3,528  942 3,866 4,470 8,336 (2,712)2016
Emerald LakePunta GordaFL(3,741)3,598 5,197  1,818 3,598 7,015 10,613 (2,603)2011
Gulf ViewPunta GordaFL 717 2,158  2,325 717 4,483 5,200 (2,378)2004
Tropical Palms MHPunta GordaFL 2,365 7,286  4,411 2,365 11,697 14,062 (5,380)2006
KingswoodRiverviewFL 9,094 8,365  1,724 9,094 10,089 19,183 (3,094)2018
Palm LakeRiviera BeachFL(17,009)56,323 27,418  14,109 56,323 41,527 97,850 (8,627)2018
Riviera Beach MarinaRiviera BeachFL 15,725 12,966  1,862 15,725 14,828 30,553 (3,605)2019
Indian OaksRockledgeFL 1,089 3,376  1,586 1,089 4,962 6,051 (3,796)1998
Space CoastRockledgeFL 2,413 3,716  2,087 2,413 5,803 8,216 (1,702)2014
Covington EstatesSaint CloudFL(8,329)3,319 7,253  694 3,319 7,947 11,266 (3,439)2011
Winds of St. Armands NorthSarasotaFL(21,832)1,523 5,063 20 4,879 1,543 9,942 11,485 (7,701)1983
Winds of St. Armands SouthSarasotaFL(14,236)1,106 3,162 4,018 10,661 5,124 13,823 18,947 (4,842)1983
S-7

Schedule III
Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation
    Initial Cost to ELSCosts Capitalized
Subsequent to
Acquisition (Improvements)
Gross Amount Carried at 12/31/23  
Real Estate (1)
LocationEncumbrancesLandDepreciable PropertyLandDepreciable PropertyLandDepreciable Property
Total (3)
Accumulated
Depreciation
Date of
Acquisition
Topics RV ResortSpring HillFL(3,414)844 2,568  1,465 844 4,033 4,877 (2,185)2004
Pine IslandSt. James CityFL 1,678 5,044  8,027 1,678 13,071 14,749 (3,527)2007
St. Pete MarinaSt. PetersburgFL 12,591 19,066  (103)12,591 18,963 31,554 (4,289)2019
Riverwatch MarinaStuartFL 19,994 8,910  552 19,994 9,462 29,456 (1,262)2021
Carefree VillageTampaFL(26,853)6,799 10,421  1,909 6,799 12,330 19,129 (5,208)2011
Tarpon GlenTarpon SpringsFL 2,678 4,016  1,235 2,678 5,251 7,929 (2,096)2011
FeatherockValricoFL 11,369 22,770  2,804 11,369 25,574 36,943 (10,534)2011
Bay IndiesVeniceFL(192,801)10,483 31,559 10 13,907 10,493 45,466 55,959 (36,514)1994
Ramblers Rest RV ResortVeniceFL(30,081)4,646 14,201  16,528 4,646 30,729 35,375 (11,847)2006
Countryside at Vero BeachVero BeachFL(57,377)3,711 11,133  9,779 3,711 20,912 24,623 (15,054)1998
Heritage PlantationVero BeachFL 2,403 7,259  5,536 2,403 12,795 15,198 (9,137)1994
Heron CayVero BeachFL(24,832)14,368 23,792  3,165 14,368 26,957 41,325 (11,352)2011
Holiday Village, FloridaVero BeachFL 350 1,374  258 350 1,632 1,982 (1,357)1998
Sunshine Travel-Vero BeachVero BeachFL 1,603 4,813  4,797 1,603 9,610 11,213 (3,830)2004
Vero Beach MarinaVero BeachFL 3,644 5,519  2,175 3,644 7,694 11,338 (1,249)2019
Vero Palm EstatesVero BeachFL(9,971)6,697 9,025  1,990 6,697 11,015 17,712 (4,498)2011
Village GreenVero BeachFL(57,998)15,901 25,175 518 4,734 16,419 29,909 46,328 (12,450)2011
Peace RiverWauchulaFL 900 2,100  4,822 900 6,922 7,822 (2,084)2006
Palm Beach ColonyWest Palm BeachFL(9,460)5,930 10,113 8 1,315 5,938 11,428 17,366 (4,950)2011
Parkwood CommunitiesWildwoodFL 6,990 15,115  2,028 6,990 17,143 24,133 (7,418)2011
Three FlagsWildwoodFL 228 684  1,029 228 1,713 1,941 (792)2006
Winter GardenWinter GardenFL 2,321 6,962  2,425 2,321 9,387 11,708 (4,324)2007
Crystal Lake ZephyrhillsZephyrhillsFL 3,767 6,834 194 15,393 3,961 22,227 26,188 (5,110)2011
Forest Lake Estates MHZephyrhillsFL(16,944)40,716 33,918 1,194 7,868 41,910 41,786 83,696 (16,441)2016
Forest Lake Village RVZephyrhillsFL  537  670  1,207 1,207 (302)2016
Sixth AvenueZephyrhillsFL 837 2,518  653 837 3,171 4,008 (1,772)2004
Coach RoyaleBoiseID 465 1,685  455 465 2,140 2,605 (862)2011
Maple GroveBoiseID 1,358 5,151  1,525 1,358 6,676 8,034 (2,618)2011
Shenandoah EstatesBoiseID(8,230)1,287 7,603  716 1,287 8,319 9,606 (3,473)2011
West Meadow EstatesBoiseID(6,748)1,371 6,770  707 1,371 7,477 8,848 (3,122)2011
O'Connell's Yogi Bear RV ResortAmboyIL(2,481)1,648 4,974  8,339 1,648 13,313 14,961 (4,938)2004
Pheasant Lake EstatesBeecherIL(36,860)12,764 42,183 872 4,535 13,636 46,718 60,354 (16,267)2013
Pine CountryBelvidereIL 53 166  3,059 53 3,225 3,278 (807)2006
Willow Lake EstatesElginIL(34,816)6,138 21,033  22,212 6,138 43,245 49,383 (26,795)1994
Golf Vista EstatesMoneeIL(29,874)2,842 4,719 1 14,831 2,843 19,550 22,393 (10,149)1997
S-8

Schedule III
Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation
    Initial Cost to ELSCosts Capitalized
Subsequent to
Acquisition (Improvements)
Gross Amount Carried at 12/31/23  
Real Estate (1)
LocationEncumbrancesLandDepreciable PropertyLandDepreciable PropertyLandDepreciable Property
Total (3)
Accumulated
Depreciation
Date of
Acquisition
Indian LakesBatesvilleIN 450 1,061 6 18,546 456 19,607 20,063 (3,571)2004
Horseshoe LakesClintonIN 155 365 2 2,175 157 2,540 2,697 (709)2004
Twin Mills RVHoweIN 1,399 4,186  1,163 1,399 5,349 6,748 (2,802)2006
Lakeside RVNew CarlisleIN 426 1,281  454 426 1,735 2,161 (973)2004
Dale Hollow State Park MarinaBurkesvilleKY  7,399  810  8,209 8,209 (1,182)2021
Diamond CavernsPark CityKY 530 1,512 (3)1,021 527 2,533 3,060 (1,255)2006
Gateway to Cape CodRochesterMA 91 288  1,283 91 1,571 1,662 (452)2006
Hillcrest MARocklandMA 2,034 3,182  664 2,034 3,846 5,880 (1,533)2011
The GlenRocklandMA 940 1,680  67 940 1,747 2,687 (781)2011
Old ChathamSouth DennisMA(5,851)1,760 5,293  5,532 1,760 10,825 12,585 (3,746)2005
SturbridgeSturbridgeMA 110 347  1,322 110 1,669 1,779 (587)2006
FernwoodCapitol HeightsMD(10,520)6,556 11,674  1,817 6,556 13,491 20,047 (5,654)2011
Williams Estates/Peppermint WoodsMiddle RiverMD 22,774 42,575  2,116 22,774 44,691 67,465 (19,676)2011
Mt. Desert NarrowsBar HarborME 1,037 3,127  1,042 1,037 4,169 5,206 (1,985)2007
Patten PondEllsworthME 267 802  521 267 1,323 1,590 (604)2007
PinehirstOld Orchard BeachME(10,808)1,942 5,827  3,002 1,942 8,829 10,771 (4,583)2005
Narrows TooTrentonME 1,451 4,408  1,464 1,451 5,872 7,323 (2,568)2007
Moody BeachWellsME 93 292  5,875 93 6,167 6,260 (1,139)2006
Bear CaveBuchananMI 176 516  945 176 1,461 1,637 (582)2006
St ClairSt. ClairMI 453 1,068 6 1,538 459 2,606 3,065 (1,116)2004
Cedar KnollsApple ValleyMN(29,656)10,021 14,357  2,517 10,021 16,874 26,895 (7,209)2011
Cimarron ParkLake ElmoMN 11,097 23,132  6,565 11,097 29,697 40,794 (11,450)2011
Rockford Riverview EstatesRockfordMN 2,959 8,882  1,746 2,959 10,628 13,587 (4,388)2011
Rosemount WoodsRosemountMN 4,314 8,932  4,636 4,314 13,568 17,882 (4,572)2011
Boathouse MarinaBeaufortNC 6,610 13,217  1,787 6,610 15,004 21,614 (1,817)2021
Forest LakeAdvanceNC 986 2,325 13 10,658 999 12,983 13,982 (2,758)2004
ScenicAshevilleNC 1,183 3,511  2,726 1,183 6,237 7,420 (2,417)2006
Waterway RVCedar PointNC(4,389)2,392 7,185  1,292 2,392 8,477 10,869 (5,196)2004
Twin LakesChocowinityNC 1,709 3,361  3,090 1,709 6,451 8,160 (3,002)2004
Holiday Trav-L-Park ResortEmerald IsleNC 17,212 33,520  421 17,212 33,941 51,153 (4,494)2022
Topsail Sound RVHolly RidgeNC 3,414 5,898  3,126 3,414 9,024 12,438 (1,293)2020
Green MountainLenoirNC 1,037 3,075  3,007 1,037 6,082 7,119 (2,635)2006
Lake GastonLittletonNC 130 409  3,062 130 3,471 3,601 (860)2006
Lake Myers RVMocksvilleNC 1,504 4,587  2,372 1,504 6,959 8,463 (3,153)2006
Bogue PinesNewportNC 1,476 2,592  248 1,476 2,840 4,316 (986)2015
S-9

Schedule III
Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation
    Initial Cost to ELSCosts Capitalized
Subsequent to
Acquisition (Improvements)
Gross Amount Carried at 12/31/23  
Real Estate (1)
LocationEncumbrancesLandDepreciable PropertyLandDepreciable PropertyLandDepreciable Property
Total (3)
Accumulated
Depreciation
Date of
Acquisition
Goose CreekNewportNC(12,221)4,612 13,848 750 3,376 5,362 17,224 22,586 (10,568)2004
Whispering Pines - NCNewportNC 3,096 5,081 1 460 3,097 5,541 8,638 (1,869)2015
Harbor Point RVSneads FerryNC 4,633 7,777  258 4,633 8,035 12,668 (1,510)2020
White Oak ShoresStellaNC 5,089 15,416 2,269 16,049 7,358 31,465 38,823 (5,048)2019
Buena VistaFargoND 4,563 14,949  2,219 4,563 17,168 21,731 (7,126)2011
Meadow ParkFargoND 943 2,907  477 943 3,384 4,327 (1,452)2011
Sandy BeachContoocookNH 1,755 5,265  404 1,755 5,669 7,424 (3,425)2005
Pine AcresRaymondNH 3,096 2,102  1,208 3,096 3,310 6,406 (1,171)2014
Tuxbury ResortSouth HamptonNH 3,557 3,910  1,864 3,557 5,774 9,331 (2,696)2007
King NummyCape May Court HouseNJ 4,027 3,584  782 4,027 4,366 8,393 (2,497)2018
Acorn CampgroundGreen CreekNJ 3,707 4,642  1,028 3,707 5,670 9,377 (2,617)2020
Whippoorwill RVMarmonNJ 4,201 17,589  179 4,201 17,768 21,969 (2,439)2022
Mays Landing ResortMays LandingNJ 536 289  3,156 536 3,445 3,981 (505)2014
Echo FarmsOcean ViewNJ 2,840 3,045  2,337 2,840 5,382 8,222 (1,687)2014
Lake and ShoreOcean ViewNJ 378 1,192  3,189 378 4,381 4,759 (1,986)2006
Pine HavenOcean ViewNJ 15,586 47,165  755 15,586 47,920 63,506 (9,488)2021
Red Oak Shores CampgroundOcean ViewNJ 2,193 6,759  700 2,193 7,459 9,652 (945)2023
Chestnut LakePort RepublicNJ 337 796 5 2,480 342 3,276 3,618 (1,133)2004
Sea PinesSwaintonNJ 198 625  4,689 198 5,314 5,512 (1,646)2006
Pine Ridge at CrestwoodWhitingNJ(56,971)17,367 33,127  9,349 17,367 42,476 59,843 (16,290)2011
Mountain View - NVHendersonNV(33,673)16,665 25,915  1,360 16,665 27,275 43,940 (11,884)2011
Bonanza VillageLas VegasNV 908 2,643 (1)3,133 907 5,776 6,683 (4,144)1983
Boulder CascadeLas VegasNV 2,995 9,020  5,352 2,995 14,372 17,367 (9,891)1998
CabanaLas VegasNV 2,648 7,989  1,878 2,648 9,867 12,515 (8,656)1994
Flamingo WestLas VegasNV 1,730 5,266  2,459 1,730 7,725 9,455 (6,626)1994
Las VegasLas VegasNV 1,049 2,473 14 3,026 1,063 5,499 6,562 (2,228)2004
Villa BoregaLas VegasNV 2,896 8,774  2,237 2,896 11,011 13,907 (8,749)1997
Rondout ValleyAccordNY 1,115 3,240  4,546 1,115 7,786 8,901 (2,628)2006
Alpine Lake RV ResortCorinthNY 4,783 14,125 153 4,331 4,936 18,456 23,392 (10,055)2005
Lake George EscapeLake GeorgeNY 3,562 10,708  13,651 3,562 24,359 27,921 (9,688)2005
The WoodlandsLockportNY(40,304)12,183 39,687 6 9,656 12,189 49,343 61,532 (19,083)2011
Greenwood VillageManorvilleNY 3,667 9,414 484 8,132 4,151 17,546 21,697 (12,220)1998
Brennan BeachPulaskiNY 7,325 21,141  10,210 7,325 31,351 38,676 (16,092)2005
Lake George Schroon ValleyWarrensburgNY 540 1,626  552 540 2,178 2,718 (1,103)2008
S-10

Schedule III
Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation
    Initial Cost to ELSCosts Capitalized
Subsequent to
Acquisition (Improvements)
Gross Amount Carried at 12/31/23  
Real Estate (1)
LocationEncumbrancesLandDepreciable PropertyLandDepreciable PropertyLandDepreciable Property
Total (3)
Accumulated
Depreciation
Date of
Acquisition
Kenisee LakeJeffersonOH 295 696 4 693 299 1,389 1,688 (710)2004
Bay Point MarinaMarbleheadOH 8,575 17,037  2,017 8,575 19,054 27,629 (2,656)2021
WilmingtonWilmingtonOH 235 555 3 1,321 238 1,876 2,114 (727)2004
BendBendOR 733 1,729 10 5,513 743 7,242 7,985 (2,107)2004
ShadowbrookClackamasOR 1,197 3,693  1,948 1,197 5,641 6,838 (3,793)1997
Pacific CityCloverdaleOR 1,076 2,539 15 8,829 1,091 11,368 12,459 (2,972)2004
Falcon Wood VillageEugeneOR(14,123)1,112 3,426  1,884 1,112 5,310 6,422 (3,556)1997
Portland FairviewFairviewOR(19,071)7,330 10,278  1,300 7,330 11,578 18,908 (4,774)2016
Quail HollowFairviewOR  3,249  1,054  4,303 4,303 (3,407)1997
South JettyFlorenceOR 678 1,598 9 3,346 687 4,944 5,631 (1,759)2004
SeasideSeasideOR 891 2,101 12 2,495 903 4,596 5,499 (2,069)2004
Whalers RestSouth BeachOR 754 1,777 10 2,142 764 3,919 4,683 (1,753)2004
Hope ValleyTurner OR 7,373 14,517  896 7,373 15,413 22,786 (1,920)2021
Mt. Hood VillageWelchesOR 1,817 5,733  15,119 1,817 20,852 22,669 (6,665)2002
Greenbriar VillageBathPA 8,359 16,941  1,474 8,359 18,415 26,774 (7,737)2011
Sun ValleyBowmansvillePA 866 2,601  2,308 866 4,909 5,775 (1,766)2009
Green AcresBreinigsvillePA(33,803)2,680 7,479  7,745 2,680 15,224 17,904 (11,179)1988
Gettysburg FarmDoverPA 111 350  1,320 111 1,670 1,781 (604)2006
Timothy Lake NorthEast StroudsburgPA 296 933  1,093 296 2,026 2,322 (886)2006
Timothy Lake SouthEast StroudsburgPA 206 649  489 206 1,138 1,344 (541)2006
Drummer BoyGettysburgPA 1,884 20,342  1,331 1,884 21,673 23,557 (6,204)2019
Round TopGettysburgPA 1,214 11,355  1,216 1,214 12,571 13,785 (5,215)2019
Circle MLancasterPA 330 1,041  4,574 330 5,615 5,945 (1,570)2006
HersheyLebanonPA 1,284 3,028 17 3,000 1,301 6,028 7,329 (3,091)2004
Robin HillLenhartsvillePA 1,263 3,786  1,043 1,263 4,829 6,092 (2,210)2009
PA Dutch CountyManheimPA 88 278  1,345 88 1,623 1,711 (393)2006
Spring GulchNew HollandPA 1,593 4,795  1,797 1,593 6,592 8,185 (3,815)2004
Lil WolfOrefieldPA 5,627 13,593  4,627 5,627 18,220 23,847 (6,885)2011
ScotrunScotrunPA 153 483  1,455 153 1,938 2,091 (592)2006
Appalachian RVShartlesvillePA 1,666 5,044  1,211 1,666 6,255 7,921 (3,387)2006
Mountain View - PAWalnutportPA 3,207 7,182  1,518 3,207 8,700 11,907 (3,446)2011
Timber CreekWesterlyRI 12,618 8,489  2,284 12,618 10,773 23,391 (6,085)2018
Carolina LandingFair PlaySC 457 1,078 6 2,504 463 3,582 4,045 (1,122)2004
Inlet Oaks VillageMurrells InletSC 1,546 4,642  631 1,546 5,273 6,819 (2,907)2006
Myrtle Beach propertyMyrtle BeachSC 82,318 35,628  1,143 82,318 36,771 119,089 (8,024)2021
S-11

Schedule III
Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation
    Initial Cost to ELSCosts Capitalized
Subsequent to
Acquisition (Improvements)
Gross Amount Carried at 12/31/23  
Real Estate (1)
LocationEncumbrancesLandDepreciable PropertyLandDepreciable PropertyLandDepreciable Property
Total (3)
Accumulated
Depreciation
Date of
Acquisition
Rivers Edge MarinaNorth CharlestonSC 20,305 6,405  374 20,305 6,779 27,084 (1,125)2021
The OaksYemasseeSC 267 810  442 267 1,252 1,519 (617)2006
Natchez TraceHohenwaldTN 533 1,257 7 3,199 540 4,456 4,996 (1,663)2004
Cherokee LandingSaulsburyTN 118 279 2 332 120 611 731 (309)2004
Alamo PalmsAlamoTX(3,410)1,562 7,924  1,712 1,562 9,636 11,198 (3,700)2012
Bay LandingBridgeportTX 438 1,033 6 2,827 444 3,860 4,304 (1,399)2004
Colorado RiverColumbusTX 466 1,099 6 7,100 472 8,199 8,671 (1,547)2004
Victoria PalmsDonnaTX(6,122)2,849 12,305  8,148 2,849 20,453 23,302 (7,113)2012
Lake TexomaGordonvilleTX 488 1,151 6 10,067 494 11,218 11,712 (2,344)2004
LakewoodHarlingenTX 325 979  1,361 325 2,340 2,665 (970)2004
Paradise ParkHarlingenTX 1,568 4,705  2,537 1,568 7,242 8,810 (3,863)2004
Sunshine RV ResortHarlingenTX 1,494 4,484  3,208 1,494 7,692 9,186 (3,992)2004
Tropic WindsHarlingenTX 1,221 3,809  1,703 1,221 5,512 6,733 (3,286)2002
Medina LakeLakehillsTX 936 2,208 13 3,475 949 5,683 6,632 (2,441)2004
Paradise SouthMercedesTX 448 1,345  1,418 448 2,763 3,211 (1,271)2004
Lake Conroe KOAMontgomeryTX 2,699 8,430 (3)677 2,696 9,107 11,803 (932)2021
Lake TawakoniPointTX 35 2,320  2,148 35 4,468 4,503 (2,019)2004
Fun N Sun RVSan BenitoTX 2,533 5,560 412 8,606 2,945 14,166 17,111 (9,996)1998
Country SunshineWeslacoTX 627 1,881  2,144 627 4,025 4,652 (2,038)2004
Leisure WorldWeslacoTX 957 2,575  980 957 3,555 4,512 (1,505)2020
Southern ComfortWeslacoTX(3,722)1,108 3,323  1,280 1,108 4,603 5,711 (2,635)2004
Trails End RVWeslacoTX 1,115 4,086  659 1,115 4,745 5,860 (2,132)2020
Lake WhitneyWhitneyTX 679 1,602 10 2,813 689 4,415 5,104 (1,845)2004
Lake ConroeWillisTX 1,363 3,214 18 23,347 1,381 26,561 27,942 (6,639)2004
Westwood VillageFarr WestUT 1,346 4,179  3,318 1,346 7,497 8,843 (5,318)1997
St GeorgeHurricaneUT 64 264 2 1,789 66 2,053 2,119 (496)2010
All SeasonsSalt Lake CityUT 510 1,623  1,123 510 2,746 3,256 (1,896)1997
Meadows of ChantillyChantillyVA(36,124)5,430 16,440  9,149 5,430 25,589 31,019 (21,349)1994
Harbor ViewColonial BeachVA 64 202  1,123 64 1,325 1,389 (516)2006
LynchburgGladysVA 266 627 3 1,091 269 1,718 1,987 (711)2004
Chesapeake BayGloucesterVA 1,230 2,900 16 7,556 1,246 10,456 11,702 (3,532)2004
Bayport DevelopmentJamaicaVA 4,942  3,279 3,477 8,221 3,477 11,698 (177)2020
Virginia LandingQuinbyVA 602 1,419 8 629 610 2,048 2,658 (1,176)2004
Grey's Point CampToppingVA(19,060)33,492 17,104  4,664 33,492 21,768 55,260 (8,568)2017
Bethpage Camp ResortUrbannaVA(31,810)45,415 38,149  27,187 45,415 65,336 110,751 (16,408)2017
S-12

Schedule III
Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation
    Initial Cost to ELSCosts Capitalized
Subsequent to
Acquisition (Improvements)
Gross Amount Carried at 12/31/23  
Real Estate (1)
LocationEncumbrancesLandDepreciable PropertyLandDepreciable PropertyLandDepreciable Property
Total (3)
Accumulated
Depreciation
Date of
Acquisition
WilliamsburgWilliamsburgVA 111 350  1,678 111 2,028 2,139 (545)2006
Regency LakesWinchesterVA(45,495)9,757 19,055  2,696 9,757 21,751 31,508 (9,244)2011
Birch BayBlaineWA 502 1,185 7 1,438 509 2,623 3,132 (1,090)2004
Mount VernonBowWA 621 1,464 8 3,541 629 5,005 5,634 (1,930)2004
ChehalisChehalisWA 590 1,392 8 4,684 598 6,076 6,674 (1,976)2004
Grandy CreekConcreteWA 475 1,425  1,352 475 2,777 3,252 (1,116)2008
Tall ChiefFall CityWA 314 946  2,205 314 3,151 3,465 (947)2010
Kloshe IllaheeFederal WayWA(16,682)2,408 7,286  2,723 2,408 10,009 12,417 (7,053)1997
La ConnerLa ConnerWA  2,016  3,036  5,052 5,052 (2,625)2004
LeavenworthLeavenworthWA 786 1,853 10 2,618 796 4,471 5,267 (1,892)2004
Thunderbird ResortMonroeWA 500 1,178 6 3,215 506 4,393 4,899 (1,150)2004
Little DiamondNewportWA 353 834 5 1,454 358 2,288 2,646 (1,126)2004
OceanaOceana CityWA 283 668 4 913 287 1,581 1,868 (635)2004
Crescent BarQuincyWA 314 741 4 1,168 318 1,909 2,227 (868)2004
Long BeachSeaviewWA 321 758 5 2,690 326 3,448 3,774 (817)2004
Paradise RVSilver CreekWA 466 1,099 6 4,732 472 5,831 6,303 (1,338)2004
Rainbow Lake ManorBristolWI 4,474 16,594  5,142 4,474 21,736 26,210 (6,921)2013
Fremont Jellystone Park CampgroundFremontWI 1,437 4,296  1,810 1,437 6,106 7,543 (3,535)2004
Yukon TrailsLyndon StationWI 556 1,629  1,116 556 2,745 3,301 (1,290)2004
Blackhawk Camping ResortMiltonWI 1,789 7,613  3,721 1,789 11,334 13,123 (3,255)2014
LakelandMiltonWI 3,159 13,830  2,671 3,159 16,501 19,660 (5,303)2014
Westwood EstatesPleasant PrairieWI(19,685)5,382 19,732  3,124 5,382 22,856 28,238 (8,064)2013
Plymouth RockPlymouthWI 2,293 6,879  2,364 2,293 9,243 11,536 (4,083)2009
Tranquil TimbersSturgeon BayWI 714 2,152  1,133 714 3,285 3,999 (1,670)2006
Lake of the Woods RVWautomaWI 1,333 2,238  510 1,333 2,748 4,081 (1,735)2019
Neshonoc LakesideWest SalemWI 1,106 4,861 (1)781 1,105 5,643 6,748 (1,959)2013
ArrowheadWisconsin DellsWI 522 1,616 1 1,310 523 2,926 3,449 (1,348)2006
Subtotal of Properties Held for Long Term(2,989,959)1,970,254 3,390,953 115,357 1,795,848 2,085,611 5,186,802 7,272,413 (2,334,334)
Realty Systems, Inc.    361,596  361,596 361,596 (75,999)2002
Management business and other 3,447 578 (401)68,658 3,046 69,236 72,282 (38,543)
$(2,989,959)$1,973,701 $3,391,531 $114,956 $2,226,102 $2,088,657 $5,617,634 $7,706,291 $(2,448,876)
_____________________
(1)The schedule excludes Properties in which we have a non-controlling joint venture interest and account for using the equity method of accounting.
(2)All Properties were acquired, except for The Crossing at Voyager and Country Place, which were constructed.
(3)Aggregate cost for federal income tax purposes is approximately $5.1 billion.
S-13

Schedule III
Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc.
Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation
The following table presents the changes in gross investment in real estate:
(amounts in thousands)202320222021
Balance, beginning of year$7,369,561 $6,989,064 $6,160,426 
Acquisitions10,057 141,588 635,984 
Improvements311,287 249,277 204,265 
Manufactured homes, net17,578 14,539 (7,193)
Dispositions and other(2,192)(24,907)(4,418)
Balance, end of year$7,706,291 $7,369,561 $6,989,064 

The following table presents the changes in accumulated depreciation related to investment in real estate:
(amounts in thousands)202320222021
Balance, beginning of year$2,258,540 $2,103,774 $1,924,585 
Depreciation and amortization200,743 202,566 191,345 
Dispositions and other(10,407)(47,800)(12,156)
Balance, end of year$2,448,876 $2,258,540 $2,103,774 

S-14