UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM
(Mark One)
| QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For
the Quarterly Period Ended
Or
| TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
Commission
File Number:
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
(Address of principal executive offices and zip code)
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Not Applicable
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered | ||
| The Stock Market LLC | ||||
| The Stock Market LLC |
Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2)
has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule
405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant
was required to submit such files).
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
| Large accelerated filer ☐ | Accelerated filer ☐ | Smaller
Reporting Company |
Emerging
Growth Company |
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐
The number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s common stock as of November 9, 2023 was .
Table of Contents
| 2 |
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FG FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
Consolidated Balance Sheets
($ in thousands, except per share data)
September 30, 2023 (unaudited) | December 31, 2022 | |||||||
| ASSETS | ||||||||
| Equity securities, at fair value (cost basis of $ | $ | $ | ||||||
| Other investments | ||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | ||||||||
| Deferred policy acquisition costs | ||||||||
| Reinsurance balances receivable (net of current expected losses allowance of $ | ||||||||
| Funds deposited with reinsured companies | ||||||||
| Other assets | ||||||||
| Total assets | $ | $ | ||||||
| LIABILITIES | ||||||||
| Loss and loss adjustment expense reserves | $ | $ | ||||||
| Unearned premium reserves | ||||||||
| Accounts payable and accrued expenses | ||||||||
| Other liabilities | ||||||||
| Total liabilities | $ | $ | ||||||
| Commitments and contingencies (Note 10) | ||||||||
| SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY | ||||||||
| Series A Preferred Shares, $ par and liquidation value, shares authorized; shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 | $ | $ | ||||||
| Common stock, $ par value; shares authorized; and shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively | ||||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | ||||||||
| Accumulated deficit | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Total shareholders’ equity | ||||||||
| Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | $ | $ | ||||||
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
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FG FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Operations
($ in thousands, except per share data)
(Unaudited)
Three months ended September 30, | Nine months ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2023 | 2022 | |||||||||||||
| Revenue: | ||||||||||||||||
| Net premiums earned | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Net investment income | ||||||||||||||||
| Other income | ||||||||||||||||
| Total revenue | ||||||||||||||||
| Expenses: | ||||||||||||||||
| Net losses and loss adjustment expenses | ||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs | ||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative expenses | ||||||||||||||||
| Total expenses | ||||||||||||||||
| Net income | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Dividends declared on Series A Preferred Shares | ||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) attributable to FG Financial Group, Inc. common shareholders | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Basic and diluted net income (loss) per common share | $ | $ | $ | $ | ) | |||||||||||
| Weighted average common shares outstanding: | ||||||||||||||||
| Basic and diluted | ||||||||||||||||
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
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FG FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity
(Unaudited)
($ in thousands)
| Preferred Stock | Common Stock | Total Shareholders’ Equity attributable to | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares Out-standing | Amount | Shares Out-standing | Amount | Paid-in Capital | Accumulated Deficit | FG Financial Group, Inc. | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, January 1, 2022 | | $ | | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Stock based compensation | – | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dividends declared on Series A Preferred Shares ($ per share) | – | – | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | – | – | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, March 31, 2022 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Common stock issuance | – | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock based compensation | – | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dividends declared on Series A Preferred Shares ($ per share) | – | – | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | – | – | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, June 30, 2022 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Common stock issuance | – | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock based compensation | – | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dividends declared on Series A Preferred Shares ($ per share) | – | – | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | – | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, September 30, 2022 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, January 1, 2023 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Common stock issuance | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock based compensation | – | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dividends declared on Series A Preferred Shares ($ per share) | – | – | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | – | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cumulative effect of adoption of accounting guidance for expected credit losses at January 1, 2023 | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, March 31, 2023 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Common stock issuance | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock based compensation | – | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dividends declared on Series A Preferred Shares ($ per share) | – | – | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | – | – | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, June 30, 2023 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock based compensation | – | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dividends declared on Series A Preferred Shares ($ per share) | – | – | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | – | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, September 30, 2023 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
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FG FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows
(Unaudited)
(in thousands)
| Nine months ended September 30, | ||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||
| Cash flows from operating activities: | ||||||||
| Net income | $ | $ | ||||||
| Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used by operating activities: | ||||||||
| Net unrealized holding (gain) on equity investments | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| (Income) from equity method investments, net of distributions received | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| (Increase) in investment without a readily determinable fair value | ( | ) | ||||||
| (Increase) in fair value of convertible note | ( | ) | ||||||
| Net realized (gain) loss on sale of equity investments | ( | ) | ||||||
| Stock compensation expense | ||||||||
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | - | |||||||
| Reinsurance balances receivable | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Funds deposited with reinsured companies | ( | ) | ||||||
| Deferred policy acquisition costs | ( | ) | ||||||
| Other assets | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Loss and loss adjustment expense reserves | ||||||||
| Unearned premium reserves | ||||||||
| Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Net cash used by operating activities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Cash flows from investing activities: | ||||||||
| Purchases of furniture and equipment | ( | ) | ||||||
| Purchases of equity method investments | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Purchases of other investments | ( | ) | ||||||
| Distribution from equity method investments | ||||||||
| Proceeds from sales of equity securities | ||||||||
| Return of capital – other investments | ||||||||
| Net cash provided (used) by investing activities | ( | ) | ||||||
| Cash flows from financing activities: | ||||||||
| Payment of dividends on preferred shares | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net | ||||||||
| Net cash (used) provided by financing activities | ( | ) | ||||||
| Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | ( | ) | ||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | ||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | $ | $ | ||||||
| Non-Cash Investing Transactions: | ||||||||
Equity securities in OppFi received in connection with FG Special Situations Fund unwind | $ | $ | ||||||
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
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FG FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 1. Nature of Business
FG Financial Group, Inc. (“FGF”, the “Company”, “we”, or “us”) is a reinsurance, merchant banking and asset management holding company. We focus on opportunistic collateralized and loss-capped reinsurance, while allocating capital in partnership with Fundamental Global®, and from time to time, other strategic investors, to merchant banking activities. The Company’s principal business operations are conducted through its subsidiaries and affiliates. The Company also provides asset management services.
From our inception in October 2012 through December 2019, we operated as an insurance holding company, writing property and casualty insurance throughout the states of Louisiana, Florida, and Texas. On December 2, 2019, we sold our three former insurance subsidiaries to FedNat Holding Company (“FedNat”) for a combination of cash and FedNat common stock, and embarked upon our current strategy focused on reinsurance, merchant banking and asset management.
As
of September 30, 2023, FG Financial Holdings, LLC (“FG”), a private partnership focused on long-term strategic holdings,
and its affiliated entity, collectively beneficially owned approximately
Reincorporation
Effective at 5:01 p.m. ET on December 9, 2022, the Company completed its reincorporation from a Delaware corporation to a Nevada corporation (the “Reincorporation”). The Reincorporation was accomplished by means of a merger by and between the Company and its former wholly owned subsidiary FG Financial Group, Inc., a Nevada corporation. As of December 9, 2022, the rights of the Company’s stockholders began to be governed by the Nevada corporation laws, our Amended and Restated Nevada Articles of Incorporation and our Nevada Bylaws. The Reincorporation was approved by the Company’s stockholders at a special meeting held on December 6, 2022.
Other than the change in the state of incorporation, the Reincorporation did not result in any change in the business, physical location, management, assets, liabilities or net worth of the Company, nor did it result in any change in location of the Company’s employees, including the Company’s management.
The Reincorporation did not alter any stockholder’s percentage ownership interest or number of shares owned in the Company and the Company’s common stock continues to be quoted on the Nasdaq Global Market under the same symbol “FGF” and the 8.00% Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series A of the Company continues to be quoted on the Nasdaq Global Market under the same symbol, “FGFPP.”
Current Business
Our strategy has evolved to focus on opportunistic collateralized and loss capped reinsurance, with capital allocation to merchant banking activities with asymmetrical risk/reward opportunities. As part of our refined focus, we have adopted the following capital allocation philosophy:
“Grow intrinsic value per share with a long-term focus using fundamental research, allocating capital to asymmetric risk/reward opportunities.”
Currently, the business operates as a diversified holding company of insurance, reinsurance, asset management, our Special Purpose Acquisition Corporation “SPAC” Platform businesses, and our merchant banking division.
| 7 |
Insurance
Sponsor Protection Coverage and Risk, Inc. has been formed as a special purpose captive in South Carolina to provide reinsurance coverage for Sides A, B, & C Directors and Officers Liability insurance coverage for related and unrelated entities of FG Reinsurance Ltd (“FGRe”). These will include SPAC entities engaged in the services or business of taking companies public, as well as small cap businesses performing an initial public offering. Sponsor Protection Coverage and Risk, Inc. has yet to write any business.
Reinsurance
The Company’s wholly owned reinsurance subsidiary, FGRe, a Cayman Islands limited liability company, provides specialty property and casualty reinsurance. FGRe has been granted a Class B (iii) insurer license in accordance with the terms of The Insurance Act (as revised) of the Cayman Islands and underlying regulations thereto and is subject to regulation by the Cayman Islands Monetary Authority (the “Authority”). The terms of the license require advance approval from the Authority should FGRe wish to enter into any reinsurance agreements which are not fully collateralized.
As
of September 30, 2023, the Company had
Asset Management
FG Strategic Consulting, LLC, (“FGSC”) a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, looks to provide investment advisory services, including identifying, analyzing and recommending potential investments, advising as to existing investments and investment optimization, recommending investment dispositions, and providing advice regarding macro-economic conditions.
SPAC Platform and Merchant Banking
On December 21, 2020, we formed FG Management Solutions LLC (“FGMS”), formerly known as FG SPAC Solutions, LLC, a Delaware company, to facilitate the launch of our “SPAC Platform.” Under the SPAC Platform, we provide various strategic, administrative, and regulatory support services to newly formed SPACs for a monthly fee. Additionally, the Company co-founded a partnership, FG Merchant Partners, LP (“FGMP”), formerly known as FG SPAC Partners, LP, to participate as a co-sponsor for newly formed SPACs.
In the third quarter of 2022, the Company announced the expansion of its growth strategy through the formation of a merchant banking division.
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In
the fourth quarter of 2022, the Company invested $
Note 2. Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
These statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”).
Consolidation Policies
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated upon consolidation.
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and entities in which it is required to consolidate under either the Variable Interest Entity (“VIE”) or Voting Interest Entity (“VOE”) models. Both models require the reporting entity to identify whether it has a controlling financial interest in a legal entity and is therefore required to consolidate the legal entity. Under the VOE model, a reporting entity with ownership of a majority of the voting interest of a legal entity is generally considered to have a controlling financial interest. The VIE model was established for situations in which control may be demonstrated other than by the possession of voting rights in a legal entity and instead focuses on the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the legal entity’s economic performance, as well as the rights to receive benefits and obligations to absorb losses that could potentially be significant to the legal entity.
The determination of whether a legal entity is consolidated under either model is reassessed where there is a substantive change in the governing documents or contractual arrangements of the entity, to the capital structure of the entity or in the activities of the entity. The Company continuously reassesses whether it should consolidate under either model.
In
September 2020, the Company invested approximately $
During
the first quarter of 2023, it was determined that the Fund would begin the process of winding down, and all investment holdings held
in the name of the Fund would be transferred and distributed to members within the Fund based on their ownership percentage of each respective
holding. Prior to the unwinding, through the Fund, the Company held underlying investments in FGAC Investors LLC, FG Merger Investors
LLC, Greenfirst Forest Products Holdings LLC, and OppFi. The Fund, an investment company, carried each of these investments at fair value.
In June 2023, all transfers were completed, resulting in the Company being transferred direct limited partner interests in FGAC Investors
LLC, with a carrying value of $
As a result of the winddown, the Company now holds direct limited partner interests in FGAC Investors LLC, FG Merger Investors LLC, and Greenfirst Forest Products Holdings, LLC. The Company has determined that each of these entities meets the criteria of a VIE. For each new position, the Company analyzed ASC 810 – Consolidation and has determined it is not the primary beneficiary of FGAC Investors LLC, FG Merger Investors LLC or Greenfirst Forest Products Holdings LLC, but does have the ability to exercise significant influence over each of these. Therefore, the Company will apply the equity method of accounting for each of these investments.
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In
October of 2022, the Company invested $
The
Company’s risk of loss associated with its non-consolidated VIEs is limited. As of September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, the
carrying value and maximum loss exposure of the Company’s non-consolidated VIE’s was $
See Note 4 for further information regarding the Company’s investments.
The Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Consolidated Financial Statements
The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the application of policies and the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses for the reporting period. Actual results could differ from these estimates. Estimates and their underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Changes in estimates are recorded in the accounting period in which they are determined. The critical accounting estimates and assumptions in the accompanying consolidated financial statements include the valuation of our equity method investments, current expected credit losses, the valuation of net deferred income taxes and deferred policy acquisition costs, premium revenue recognition, reserves for loss and loss adjustment expenses, and stock-based compensation expense.
Investments in Equity Securities
Investments in equity securities are carried at fair value with subsequent changes in fair value recorded to the Consolidated Statements of Operations as a component of net investment income.
Other Investments
Other
investments consist, in part, of equity investments made in privately held companies accounted for under the equity method. We utilize
the equity method to account for investments when we possess the ability to exercise significant influence, but not control, over the
operating and financial policies of the investee. The ability to exercise significant influence is presumed when the investor possesses
more than
In applying the equity method, we record the investment at cost and subsequently increase or decrease the carrying amount of the investment by our proportionate share of the net earnings or losses and other comprehensive income of the investee. We record dividends or other equity distributions as reductions in the carrying value of the investment. Should net losses of the investee reduce the carrying amount of the investment to zero, additional net losses may be recorded if other investments in the investee are at-risk, even if we have not committed to provide financial support to the investee. Such additional equity method losses, if any, are based upon the change in our claim on the investee’s book value.
When we receive distributions from our equity method investments, we utilize the cumulative earnings approach. When classifying the related cash flows under this approach, the Company compares the cumulative distributions received, less distributions received in prior periods, with the Company’s cumulative equity in earnings. Cumulative distributions that do not exceed cumulative equity in earnings represent returns on investment and are classified as cash inflows from operating activities. Cumulative distributions in excess of cumulative equity in earnings represent returns on investment and are classified as cash inflows from investing activities.
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In addition to investments accounted for under the equity method of accounting, other investments also consist of equity we have purchased in a limited partnership, a limited liability company, and a corporation for which there does not exist a readily determinable fair value. The Company accounts for these investments at their cost, minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for identical or similar investments by the same issuer. When the Company observes an orderly transaction of an investee’s identical or similar equity securities, the Company adjusts the carrying value based on the observable price as of the transaction date. Once the Company records such an adjustment, the investment is considered an asset measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. Any profit distributions the Company receives on these investments are included in net investment income.
Other investments also include a convertible note and a senior unsecured promissory note.
See Note 4 for additional information regarding the Company’s investments.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents include cash and highly liquid investments with original maturities of 90 days or less.
Pursuant
to the Company’s insurance license, the Authority has required that FGRe hold a minimum capital requirement of $
Income Taxes
The Company follows the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes, whereby deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for (i) the differences between the financial statement carrying amount of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and (ii) loss and tax credit carry-forwards. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the date of enactment. Future tax benefits are recognized to the extent that realization of such benefits is more likely than not and a valuation allowance is established for any portion of a deferred tax asset that management believes will not be realized. Current federal income taxes are charged or credited to operations based upon amounts estimated to be payable or recoverable as a result of taxable operations for the current year. The Company recognizes interest and penalties, if any, related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense (benefit).
Concentration of Credit Risk
Financial
instruments which potentially expose the Company to concentrations of credit risk include investments, cash, and deposits with reinsured
companies. The Company maintains its cash with a major U.S. domestic banking institution which is insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance
Corporation (“FDIC”) for up to $
Premium Revenue Recognition
The Company participates in quota-share contracts and estimates the ultimate premiums for the contract period. These estimates are based on information received from the ceding companies, whereby premiums are recorded as written in the same periods in which the underlying insurance contracts are written and are based on cession statements from cedents. These statements are received quarterly and in arrears, and thus, for any reporting lag, premiums written are estimated based on the portion of the ultimate estimated premiums relating to the risks underwritten during the lag period.
| 11 |
Premium estimates are reviewed by management periodically. Such review includes a comparison of actual reported premiums to expected premiums. Based on management’s review, the appropriateness of the premium estimates is evaluated, and any adjustments to these estimates are recorded in the period in which they are determined. Changes in premium estimates, including premiums receivable, are not unusual and may result in significant adjustments in any period. A significant portion of amounts included in the caption “Reinsurance balances receivable” in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets represents estimated premiums written, net of commissions, brokerage, and loss and loss adjustment expense, and are not currently due based on the terms of the underlying contracts. Additional premiums due on a contract that has no remaining coverage period are earned in full when written.
Premiums written are generally recognized as earned over the contract period in proportion to the risk covered. Unearned premiums represent the unexpired portion of reinsurance provided.
Current Expected Credit Loss
In
the first quarter of 2023, the Company adopted ASU 2016-13, as amended, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (“ASU
2016-13”), which requires an entity to estimate its lifetime “expected credit loss” and record an allowance that,
when deducted from the amortized cost basis of the financial asset, presents the net amount expected to be collected on the
financial asset. The financial assets included in the caption “Reinsurance balances recoverable” in the Company’s
consolidated balance sheets are carried at amortized cost and therefore affected by ASU 2016-13. The amendments in this update were
effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years, with early
adoption permitted, however smaller reporting companies, like the Company, could delay adoption until January 2023. Upon adoption of
ASU 2016-13, the Company calculated an allowance for expected credit losses for its reinsurance balances receivable by applying a
Probability of Default / Loss Given Default model. The model considers both the external collectability history as well as external
loss history. The external loss history that the Company used included a long-term probability of liquidation study specific to
insurance companies. Additionally, the life of each of the Company’s reinsurance treaties was also considered as the
probability of default was calculated over the contractual length of the reinsurance contracts. The credit worthiness of a
counterparty is evaluated by considering the credit ratings assigned by independent agencies and individually evaluating all the
counterparties. The adoption resulted in a cumulative-effect adjustment to increase accumulated deficit by $
In
the first quarter of 2023, the Company allocated $
Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs
Policy acquisition costs are costs that vary with, and are directly related to, the successful production of new and renewal business, and consist principally of commissions, taxes and brokerage expenses. If the sum of a contract’s expected losses and loss expenses and deferred acquisition costs exceeds associated unearned premiums and expected investment income, a premium deficiency is determined to exist. In this event, deferred acquisition costs are written off to the extent necessary to eliminate the premium deficiency. If the premium deficiency exceeds deferred acquisition costs then a liability is accrued for the excess deficiency. There were no premium deficiency adjustments recognized during the periods presented herein.
Funds Deposited for Benefit of Reinsured Companies
“Funds
Deposited with Reinsured Companies” on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets includes amounts held to support our reinsurance
contracts. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the total cash collateral posted to support all of our reinsurance treaties
was approximately $
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Loss and Loss Adjustment Expense Reserves
The Company maintains reserves equal to our estimated ultimate liability for losses and loss adjustment expense for reported and unreported claims from our reinsurance business. Loss and loss adjustment reserve estimates are based primarily on estimates derived from reports the Company has received from ceding companies. The Company then uses a variety of statistical and actuarial techniques to monitor reserve adequacy. When setting reserves, the Company considers many factors including: (1) the types of exposures and projected ultimate premium to be written by our cedants; (2) expected loss ratios by type of business; (3) actuarial methodologies which analyze loss reporting and payment experience, reports from ceding companies and historical trends; and (4) general economic conditions. The Company also engages independent actuarial specialists, at least annually, to assist management in establishing appropriate reserves. Since reserves are estimates, the final settlement of losses may vary from the reserves established, and any adjustments to the estimates, which may be material, are recorded in the period they are determined. The final settlement of losses may vary, perhaps materially, from the reserves recorded.
U.S. GAAP does not permit establishing loss reserves, which include case reserves and IBNR loss reserves, until the occurrence of an event which may give rise to a claim. As a result, only loss reserves applicable to losses incurred up to the reporting date are established, with no allowance for the establishment of loss reserves to account for expected future loss events.
Generally, the Company obtains regular updates of premium and loss related information for the current and historical periods, which are utilized to update the initial expected loss ratio. We also experience a lag between (i) claims being reported by the underlying insured to the Company’s cedent and (ii) claims being reported by the Company’s cedent to the Company. This lag may impact the Company’s loss reserve estimates. Client reports have pre-determined due dates (for example, thirty days after each month end). As a result, the lag depends in part upon the terms of the specific contract. The timing of the reporting requirements is designed so that the Company receives premium and loss information as soon as practicable once the client has closed its books. Accordingly, there should be a short lag in such reporting. Additionally, most of the contracts that have the potential for large single event losses have provisions that such loss notifications are provided to the Company immediately upon the occurrence of an event.
The Company has accounted for stock-based compensation under the provisions of ASC Topic 718 – Stock Compensation, which requires the use of the fair-value based method to determine compensation for all arrangements under which employees and others receive shares of stock or equity instruments. The fair value of each stock option award is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes valuation model using assumptions for expected volatility, expected dividends, expected term, and the risk-free interest rate along with multiple Monte Carlo simulations to determine a derived service period as the options vest based upon meeting certain performance conditions. The fair value of each stock option award is recorded as compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which is generally the period in which the stock options vest, with a corresponding increase to additional paid-in capital.
The Company has also issued restricted stock units (“RSUs”) to certain of its employees and directors which have been accounted for as equity-based awards since, upon vesting, they are required to be settled in the Company’s common shares. We have used the fair value of the Company’s common stock on the date the RSUs were issued to estimate the grant date fair value of those RSUs which vest solely based upon the passage of time. The fair value of each RSU is recorded as compensation expense over the requisite service period, which is generally the expected period over which the awards will vest.
Based upon the Company’s historical forfeiture rates relating to stock options and RSUs, the Company has not made any adjustment to stock compensation expense for expected forfeitures as of September 30, 2023.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The carrying values of certain financial instruments, including cash, short-term investments, deposits held, accounts payable, and other accrued expenses, approximate fair value due to their short-term nature. The Company measures the fair value of financial instruments in accordance with GAAP which defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset (or paid to transfer a liability) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset (or liability) in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. GAAP also establishes a fair value hierarchy, which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. See Note 4 for further information on the fair value of the Company’s financial instruments.
| 13 |
Basic earnings (loss) per common share is computed using the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the respective period.
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share assumes conversion of all potentially dilutive outstanding stock options, restricted stock units, warrants or other convertible financial instruments. Potential common shares outstanding are excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings (loss) per share if their effect is anti-dilutive.
Note 3. Recently Adopted and Issued Accounting Standards
Accounting Standards Adopted
As
discussed, the Company adopted ASU 2016-13 during the first quarter of 2023 using a modified retrospective transition method. The adoption
resulted in a cumulative-effect adjustment to increase accumulated deficit by $
Note 4. Investments and Fair Value Disclosures
The following table summarizes the Company’s equity securities held at fair value as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:
| (in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||
| As of September 30, 2023 | Cost Basis | Gross Unrealized Gains | Gross Unrealized Losses | Carrying Amount | ||||||||||||
| OppFi common stock and warrants | $ | $ | | $ | $ | |||||||||||
| Total investments | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| As of December 31, 2022 | Cost Basis | Gross Unrealized Gains | Gross Unrealized Losses | Carrying Amount | ||||||||||||
| Hagerty common stock | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Total investments | $ | $ | $ | | $ | |||||||||||
OppFi Common Stock
As
a result of the Fund unwinding, the Company received approximately shares of OppFi common stock. On the date of the distribution,
the common shares had an aggregate fair value of approximately $
Hagerty Common Stock
On
December 15, 2022, FGMP distributed common shares of Hagerty to the Company. On the date of distribution, the common shares had
an aggregate fair value of approximately $
Equity Method Investments
Other investments on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets include our equity method investments in FGMP, FGAC Investors LLC, FG Merger Investors LLC, and Greenfirst Forest Products Holdings LLC.
| 14 |
On
January 4, 2021, FGMP was formed as a Delaware limited partnership to co-sponsor newly formed SPACs with their founders or partners,
as well as other merchant banking interests. The Company is the sole managing member of the general partner of FGMP and holds a limited
partner interest of approximately
For
the three months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recorded equity method gains from FGMP of approximately $
Equity
method investments previously included our investment in the Fund. However, during the first quarter of 2023, it was determined that
the Fund would begin the process of winding down, and all investment holdings held in the name of the Fund would be transferred and distributed
to members within the Fund based on their ownership percentage of each respective holding. Prior to the unwinding, through the Fund,
the Company held underlying investments in FGAC Investors LLC, FG Merger Investors LLC, and Greenfirst Forest Products Holdings LLC.
The Fund, an investment company, carried each of these investments at fair value. In June 2023, all transfers were completed, resulting
in the Company being transferred direct limited partner interests in FGAC Investors LLC, with a carrying value of $
Financial information for our investments accounted for under the equity method, in the aggregate, is as follows:
As
of | As of December 31, 2022 | |||||||
| (in thousands) | ||||||||
| Other investments | $ | $ | ||||||
| Cash | ||||||||
| Other assets | ||||||||
| Total assets | ||||||||
| Total liabilities | ||||||||
Nine months ended September 30, 2023 | Nine months ended September 30, 2022 | |||||||
| (in thousands) | ||||||||
| Net investment income | $ | $ | ||||||
| Other income | ||||||||
| General and administrative expenses | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Net income | ||||||||
| 15 |
Certain investments held by our equity method investees are valued using Monte-Carlo simulation and option pricing models. Inherent in Monte-Carlo simulation and option pricing models are assumptions related to expected volatility and discount for lack of marketability of the underlying investment. Our investees estimate the volatility of these investments based on the historical performance of various broad market indices blended with various peer companies which they consider as having similar characteristics to the underlying investment, as well as consideration of price and volatility of relevant publicly traded securities such as SPAC warrants. Our investees also consider the probability of a successful merger when valuing equity for SPACs that have not yet closed.
Investments without Readily Determinable Fair Value
In addition to our equity method investments, other investments, as listed on our consolidated balance sheets, consist of equity we have purchased in companies for which there does not exist a readily determinable fair value. The Company accounts for these investments at their cost, subject to any adjustment from time to time due to impairment or observable price changes in orderly transactions. When the Company observes an orderly transaction of an investee’s identical or similar equity securities, the Company adjusts the carrying value based on the observable price as of the transaction date. Any profit distributions the Company receives on these investments are included in net investment income.
The
carrying value of investments without readily determinable fair value were increased by $
Other
Other investments, in addition to equity method investments and investments without readily determinable fair value, include a convertible promissory note and a senior unsecured promissory note.
On
September 29, 2023, the Company invested $
On
March 16, 2023, the Company invested $
On
March 15, 2023, the Company invested $
Impairment
For equity securities without readily determinable fair values, impairment is determined via a qualitative assessment which considers indicators to evaluate whether the investment is impaired. Some of these indicators include a significant deterioration in the earnings performance or asset quality of the investee, a significant adverse change in regulatory, economic or general market conditions in which the investee operates, or doubt over an investee’s ability to continue as a going concern. If the investment is deemed to be impaired after conducting this analysis, the Company would estimate the fair value of the investment to determine the amount of impairment loss.
| 16 |
For equity method investments, evidence of a loss in value might include a series of operating losses of an investee, the absence of an ability to recover the carrying amount of the investment, or a deterioration in the value of the investee’s underlying assets. If these, or other indicators lead to the conclusion that there is a decrease in the value of the investment that is other than temporary, the Company would recognize that decrease in value even though the decrease may be in excess of what would otherwise be recognized under the equity method of accounting.
The risks and uncertainties inherent in the assessment methodology used to determine impairment include, but may not be limited to, the following:
| ● | the opinions of professional investment managers and appraisers could be incorrect; | |
| ● | the past operating performance and cash flows generated from the investee’s operations may not reflect their future performance; and | |
| ● | the estimated fair values for investment for which observable market prices are not available are inherently imprecise. |
We have not recorded an impairment on our investments for either of the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.
Net investment income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 is as follows:
| ($ in thousands) | Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2023 | 2022 | |||||||||||||
| Investment income: | ||||||||||||||||
| Realized gain (loss) on common stock | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Change in unrealized holding on common stock | ||||||||||||||||
| Equity method earnings | ||||||||||||||||
| Increase in investments without readily determinable fair value | ||||||||||||||||
| (Decrease) increase in fair value of convertible note | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Other | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||
| Net investment income | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
Fair Value Measurements
The Company determines fair value based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability in the principal or most advantageous market. The FASB has issued guidance that defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset (or paid to transfer a liability) in the principal, or most advantageous market in an orderly transaction between market participants. This guidance also establishes a fair value hierarchy that requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The guidance categorizes assets and liabilities at fair value into one of three different levels depending on the observation of the inputs employed in the measurements, as follows:
| ● | Level 1 – inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets providing the most reliable measurement of fair value since it is directly observable. | |
| ● | Level 2 – inputs to the valuation methodology which include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets. These inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full-term of the financial instrument. |
| 17 |
| ● | Level 3 – inputs to the valuation methodology which are unobservable and significant to the measurement of fair value. |
The availability of valuation techniques and observable inputs can vary from investment to investment and are affected by a variety of factors, including the type of investment, whether the investment is new and not yet established in the marketplace, the liquidity of markets and other characteristics specific to the individual investment. In some cases, the inputs used to measure fair value might be categorized within different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In those instances, the fair value measurement is categorized in its entirety in the hierarchy based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement. When determining fair value, the Company uses valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs.
Financial instruments measured, on a recurring basis, at fair value as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 in accordance with the guidance promulgated by the FASB are as follows.
| (in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||
| As of September 30, 2023 | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total | ||||||||||||
| Oppfi common stock and warrants | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| ThinkMarkets convertible note | $ | |||||||||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||
| As of December 31, 2022 | ||||||||||||||||
| Hagerty common stock | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||
On
September 29, 2023, the Company invested $
The following tables provide a reconciliation of the fair value of recurring Level 3 fair value measurements for the three- and nine-months ended September 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022:
| (in thousands) | Nine months ended September 30, | |||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||
| Assets: | ||||||||
| Convertible note | ||||||||
| Beginning balance | ||||||||
| Consideration paid | ||||||||
| Increase in fair value of convertible note | ||||||||
| Transfer out | ( | ) | ||||||
| Balance, September 30 | $ | $ | ||||||
| (in thousands) | Three months ended September 30, | |||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||
| Assets: | ||||||||
| Convertible note | ||||||||
| Beginning balance | ||||||||
| Consideration paid | ||||||||
| Decrease in fair value of convertible note | ( | ) | ||||||
| Transfer out | ( | ) | ||||||
| Balance, September 30 | $ | $ | ||||||
Note 5. Loss and Loss Adjustment Expense Reserves
A significant degree of judgment is required to determine amounts recorded in the consolidated financial statements for the provision for loss and loss adjustment expense (“LAE”) reserves. The process for establishing this provision reflects the uncertainties and significant judgmental factors inherent in predicting future results of both known and unknown loss events. The process of establishing the provision for loss and LAE reserves relies on the judgment and opinions of many individuals, including the opinions of the Company’s management, as well as the management of ceding companies and their actuaries.
| 18 |
In estimating losses, the Company may assess any of the following:
| ● | a review of in-force treaties that may provide coverage and incur losses; | |
| ● | general forecasts, catastrophe and scenario modelling analyses and results shared by cedents; | |
| ● | reviews of industry insured loss estimates and market share analyses; | |
| ● | management’s judgment; and | |
| ● | loss development factor selections, initial expected loss ratio selections, and weighting of methods used |
Under the terms of certain of our quota-share agreements, and due to the nature of claims and premium reporting, a lag exists between (i) claims being reported by the underlying insured to the Company’s cedent and (ii) claims being reported by the Company’s cedent to the Company. This lag may impact the Company’s loss reserve estimates. The reports we receive from our cedents have pre-determined due dates. In the case of the Company’s FAL contracts, third quarter 2023 premium and loss information will not be made available to the Company until subsequent to the filing of this quarterly report. Thus, our third quarter results, including the loss and loss adjustment expense reserves presented herein, have been based upon a combination of actual results from the 2023 calendar year as well as forecasts for 2023 reported to us by the ceding companies. We have approximated third quarter 2023 results under our FAL contracts based upon this historical and forecasted information.
While the Company believes its estimate of loss and loss adjustment expense reserves are adequate as of September 30, 2023, based on available information, actual losses may ultimately differ materially from the Company’s current estimates. The Company will continue to monitor the appropriateness of its assumptions as new information is provided.
A summary of changes in outstanding loss and loss adjustment expense reserves for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, is as follows:
| (in thousands) | Nine months ended September 30, | |||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||
| Balance, beginning of period, net of reinsurance | $ | $ | ||||||
| Incurred related to: | ||||||||
| Current year | ||||||||
| Prior year | ||||||||
| Paid related to: | ||||||||
| Current year | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Prior years | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Balance, September 30, net of reinsurance | $ | $ | ||||||
Note 6. Income Taxes
Actual income tax expense (benefit) differs from the income tax expense computed by applying the applicable effective federal and state tax rates to income before income tax expense as follows:
| ($ in thousands) | Three months ended September 30, | Nine months ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2023 | 2022 | |||||||||||||
| Provision for taxes at U.S., statutory marginal income tax rate of | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Valuation allowance for deferred tax assets deemed unrealizable | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Non-deductible expenses associated with the Share Repurchase Transaction | ||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation | ||||||||||||||||
| Income tax expense (benefit) | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| 19 |
Deferred
income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting
purposes as compared to the amounts used for income tax purposes. The Company’s gross deferred tax assets and liabilities are $
| (in thousands) | ||||||||
As
of | As
of | |||||||
| Deferred income tax assets: | ||||||||
| Net operating loss carryforward | $ | $ | ||||||
| Loss and loss adjustment expense reserves | ||||||||
| Unearned premium reserves | ||||||||
| Capital loss carryforward | ||||||||
| Share-based compensation | ||||||||
| Investments | ||||||||
| Other | ||||||||
| Deferred income tax assets | $ | $ | ||||||
| Less: Valuation allowance | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Deferred income tax assets net of valuation allowance | $ | $ | ||||||
| Deferred income tax liabilities: | ||||||||
| Investments | $ | $ | ||||||
| Deferred policy acquisition costs | ||||||||
| Deferred income tax liabilities | $ | $ | ||||||
| Net deferred income tax asset (liability) | $ | $ | ||||||
As
of September 30, 2023, the Company had net operating loss carryforwards (“NOLs”) for federal income tax purposes of approximately
$
As of September 30, 2023, the Company had no unrecognized tax benefits. The Company analyzed its tax positions in accordance with the provisions of Accounting Standards Codification Topic 740, Income Taxes, and has determined that there are currently no uncertain tax positions. The Company generally recognizes interest and penalties, if any, related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense.
On December 15, 2021, our shareholders approved the FG Financial Group, Inc. 2021 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2021 Plan”). The purpose of the 2021 Plan is to attract and retain directors, consultants, officers and other key employees of the Company and its subsidiaries and to provide to such persons incentives and rewards for superior performance. The 2021 Plan is administered by the Compensation and Management Resources Committee of the Board and has a term of ten years. The 2021 Plan awards may be in the form of stock options (which may be incentive stock options or nonqualified stock options), stock appreciation rights (or “SARs”), restricted shares, restricted share units, and other share-based awards, and provides for a maximum of shares available for issuance.
| 20 |
On March 24, 2023, the Company’s board of directors approved an amendment to the 2021 Plan to increase the number of shares available for issuance from to .
In
addition, on March 24, 2023,
RSUs Outstanding
| Restricted Stock Units | Number of Units | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value | ||||||
| Non-vested units, January 1, 2023 | $ | |||||||
| Granted | ||||||||
| Vested | ( | ) | ||||||
| Forfeited | ||||||||
| Non-vested units, September 30, 2023 | $ | |||||||
| Non-vested units, January 1, 2022 | $ | |||||||
| Granted | ||||||||
| Vested | ( | ) | ||||||
| Forfeited | ||||||||
| Non-vested units, September 30, 2022 | $ | |||||||
On August 19, 2022, we issued a total of RSUs to our non-employee directors. The RSUs vest in five equal annual installments, beginning with the first anniversary of the grant date.
On February 17, 2023, we granted a total of RSUs to various members of the Company’s management. The RSUs vest in three equal annual installments, beginning with the date the shares were granted.
In the third quarter of 2023, we granted a total of RSUs to non-executive members of our Company’s board of directors. The RSU’s vest immediately.
On January 18, 2021, the Company entered into an Equity Award Letter Agreement (the “Letter Agreement”) with Mr. Swets, pursuant to which the Company clarified its intention to grant an additional stock options, restricted shares or restricted stock units pursuant to a future award, subject to the approval of an amended and/or new equity plan, among other conditions. On February 17, 2023, in satisfaction of the obligations in the letter agreement, the Company granted RSUs to Mr. Swets that will vest on the first anniversary of the grant date.
Restricted Shares
On July 31, 2022, the Company issued restricted shares under the 2021 Equity Incentive Plan to an employee of the Company. The restriction was lifted on the first anniversary of the grant date.
Stock Options Outstanding
On
January 12, 2021, in connection with Larry G. Swets, Jr.’s appointment as Chief Executive Officer, the Company entered into a Stock
Option Agreement (the “Stock Option”) with Mr. Swets. The Stock Option entitles Mr. Swets to purchase up to shares
of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $ per share.
| 21 |
The Stock Option contains performance and service conditions that affect vesting. Pursuant to ASC Topic 718- Stock Compensation, these conditions have not been reflected in estimating the fair value of the award upon its grant date; however, the Company employed a Monte-Carlo model to estimate the likelihood of satisfaction of the required performance and service conditions. This resulted in a derived service period of approximately years under the grant.
In estimating the fair value of the Stock Option, the Company estimated volatility based on the historical volatility of our stock. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury Constant Maturity similar to the expected remaining life of the Stock Option. The expected life of the Stock Option is assumed to be equivalent to its contractual term. The dividend rate is based on our historical rate, which the Company anticipates will remain at zero. The following assumptions were used to determine the estimated fair value of the Stock Option:
| Expected volatility | % | |||
| Expected life (years) | ||||
| Risk-free interest rate | % | |||
| Dividend yield | % |
| Common Stock Options | Shares | Weighted Ave Exercise Price | Weighted Ave Remaining Contractual Term (yrs) | Weighted Ave Grant Date Fair Value | Aggregate Intrinsic Value | |||||||||||||||
| Outstanding, January 1, 2023 | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||
| Exercisable, January 1, 2023 | $ | – | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||
| Granted | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercised | – | |||||||||||||||||||
| Cancelled | – | |||||||||||||||||||
| Outstanding, September 30, 2023 | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||
| Exercisable, September 30, 2023 | $ | – | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||
| Outstanding, January 1, 2022 | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||
| Exercisable, January 1, 2022 | $ | – | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||
| Granted | – | |||||||||||||||||||
| Exercised | – | |||||||||||||||||||
| Cancelled | – | |||||||||||||||||||
| Outstanding, September 30, 2022 | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||
| Exercisable, September 30, 2022 | $ | – | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||
Total stock-based compensation expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was approximately $ million and $, respectively. As of September 30, 2023, total unrecognized stock compensation expense of approximately $ million remains, which will be recognized through December 31, 2026. Stock compensation expense has been reflected in the Company’s financial statements as part of general and administrative expense.
Warrants
No
warrants were granted or exercised during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022. On February 24, 2022,
| 22 |
Note 8. Related Party Transactions
Related party transactions are carried out in the normal course of operations and are measured in part by the amount of consideration paid or received, as established and agreed by the parties. Management believes that consideration paid for such services in each case approximates fair value. Except where disclosed elsewhere in these consolidated financial statements, the following is a summary of related party transactions.
Joint Venture Agreement
On
March 31, 2020, the Company entered into the Limited Liability Company Agreement of Fundamental Global Asset Management, LLC (“FGAM”),
a joint venture owned
FGAM is governed by a Board of Managers consisting of four managers, two of which have been appointed by each Member. The Company has appointed two of its independent directors to the Board of Managers of FGAM. Certain major actions, including any decision to sponsor a new investment manager, require the prior consent of both Members.
FG Special Situations Fund
The Company participated as a limited partner in the Fund. The general partner of the Fund, and the investment advisor of the Fund, was ultimately controlled by Mr. Cerminara, the Chairman of the Company’s Board of Directors. Portions of the Company’s investment into the Fund were used to sponsor the launch of SPACs affiliated with certain of our officers and directors.
The Fund began the process of winding down in the first quarter of 2023 and completed the process in the second quarter of 2023. As a result of the winddown, the Company now holds direct limited partner interests in FGAC Investors LLC, FG Merger Investors LLC, and Greenfirst Forest Products Holdings, LLC. Mr. Cerminara, Mr. Swets and Mr. Baqar, our Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, serve as managers of FGAC Investors LLC and FG Merger Investors LLC, while Mr. Cerminara ultimately controls Greenfirst Forest Products Holdings, LLC.
FG Merchant Partners
FGMP was formed to co-sponsor newly formed SPACs with their founders or partners. Certain of our directors and officers also hold limited partner interests in FGMP. Mr. Swets holds a limited partner interest through Itasca Financial LLC, an advisory and investment firm for which Mr. Swets is managing member. Mr. Baqar also holds a limited partner interest through Sequoia Financial LLC, an advisory firm for which Mr. Baqar is managing member. Mr. Cerminara also holds a limited partner interest through Fundamental Global, LLC, a holding company for which Mr. Cerminara is the manager and one of the members.
FGMP has invested in the founder shares and warrants of Aldel, FG Merger Corp, FG Acquisition Corp, FGC and Craveworthy. Certain of our directors and officers are affiliated with these entities.
FG Communities
In
October of 2022, the Company directly invested $
| 23 |
Craveworthy
On
March 16, 2023, the Company invested $
Think Markets
On
September 29, 2023, the Company invested $
Shared Services Agreement
On March 31, 2020, the Company entered into a Shared Services Agreement (the “Shared Services Agreement”) with Fundamental Global Management, LLC (“FGM”), an affiliate of FG, pursuant to which FGM provides the Company with certain services related to the day-to-day management of the Company, including assisting with regulatory compliance, evaluating the Company’s financial and operational performance, providing a management team to supplement the executive officers of the Company, and such other services consistent with those customarily performed by executive officers and employees of a public company. In exchange for these services, the Company pays FGM a fee of $ per quarter (the “Shared Services Fee”), plus reimbursement of expenses incurred by FGM in connection with the performance of the Services, subject to certain limitations approved by the Company’s Board of Directors or Compensation Committee from time to time.
The Shared Services Agreement has an initial term of three years, and thereafter renews automatically for successive one-year terms unless terminated in accordance with its terms. The Shared Services Agreement may be terminated by FGM or by the Company, by a vote of the Company’s independent directors, at the end of the initial or automatic renewal term upon 120 days’ notice, subject to payment by the Company of certain costs incurred by FGM to wind down the provision of services and, in the case of a termination by the Company without cause, payment of a termination fee equal to the Shared Services Fee paid for the two quarters preceding termination.
The Company paid $ and $ to FGM under the Shared Services Agreement for each of the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Net earnings per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares and common share equivalents outstanding during the periods presented. In calculating diluted earnings per share, those potential common shares that are found to be anti-dilutive are excluded from the calculation. The table below provides a summary of the numerators and denominators used in determining basic and diluted earnings per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.
| ($ in thousands) | Three months ended September 30, | Nine months ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2023 | 2022 | |||||||||||||
| Basic and diluted: | ||||||||||||||||
| Net income from continuing operations | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Dividends declared on Series A Preferred Shares | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Income (loss) attributable to FG Financial Group, Inc. common shareholders from continuing operations | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Weighted average common shares | ||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) per common share from continuing operations | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Weighted average common shares outstanding | ||||||||||||||||
| 24 |
| As of September 30, | ||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||
| Options to purchase common stock | ||||||||
| Restricted stock units | ||||||||
Note 10. Commitments and Contingencies
Legal Proceedings:
As of September 30, 2023, the Company was not aware of any material claims or actions pending or threatened against us. From time to time, we are involved in legal proceedings and litigation arising in the ordinary course of business. Currently, it is not possible to predict legal outcomes and their impact on the future development of claims. Any such development will be affected by future court decisions and interpretations. Because of these uncertainties, additional liabilities may arise for amounts in excess of the Company’s current reserves.
Operating Lease Commitments:
In
July 2021, the Company entered into a lease agreement for office space in St. Petersburg, FL. The lease had a term of 12 months and was
not renewed upon expiration. Total minimum rent over the
In
April 2022, the Company entered into a lease agreement for office space in Itasca, IL. The lease has a term of
Note 11. Segment Reporting
The
Company has
The
following table presents the financial information for each segment that is specifically identifiable or based on allocations using internal
methodology as of and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022. The ‘other’ category in the table
below consists largely of corporate general and administrative expenses which have not been allocated to a specific segment. Segment
assets for the “other” category primarily consist of unrestricted cash in the amounts of $
| 25 |
(in thousands)
For the three months ended September 30, 2023 | Insurance | Asset Management | Other | Total | ||||||||||||
| Net premiums earned | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Net investment income | ||||||||||||||||
| Other income | ||||||||||||||||
| Total revenue | ||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) before income tax | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||
| For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 | ||||||||||||||||
| Net premiums earned | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Net investment income | ||||||||||||||||
| Other income | ||||||||||||||||
| Total revenue | ||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) before income tax | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||
| As of September 30, 2023 | ||||||||||||||||
| Segment assets | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| For the three months ended September 30, 2022 | ||||||||||||||||
| Net premiums earned | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Net investment income | ||||||||||||||||
| Other income | ||||||||||||||||
| Total revenue | ||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) before income tax | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||
| For the nine months ended September 30, 2022 | ||||||||||||||||
| Net premiums earned | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Net investment income | ||||||||||||||||
| Other income | ||||||||||||||||
| Total revenue | ||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) before income tax | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||
| As of September 30, 2022 | ||||||||||||||||
| Segment assets | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
Note 12. Subsequent Events
The Corporation has evaluated subsequent events through the filing date of the financial statements and determined that there have been no events that have occurred that would require additional disclosures.
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FG FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
You should read the following discussion in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes and information included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in our Annual Report for the year ended December 31, 2022 on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on March 24, 2023.
Unless context denotes otherwise, the terms “Company,” “FGF,” “we,” “us,” and “our,” refer to FG Financial Group, Inc., and its subsidiaries.
Cautionary Note about Forward-Looking Statements
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). These statements are therefore entitled to the protection of the safe harbor provisions of these laws. These statements may be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “budget,” “can,” “contemplate,” “continue,” “could,” “envision,” “estimate,” “expect,” “evaluate,” “forecast,” “goal,” “guidance,” “indicate,” “intend,” “likely,” “may,” “might,” “outlook,” “plan,” “possibly,” “potential,” “predict,” “probable,” “probably,” “pro-forma,” “project,” “seek,” “should,” “target,” “view,” “will,” “would,” “will be,” “will continue,” “will likely result” or the negative thereof or other variations thereon or comparable terminology. In particular, discussions and statements regarding the Company’s future business plans and initiatives are forward-looking in nature. We have based these forward-looking statements on our current expectations, assumptions, estimates, and projections. While we believe these to be reasonable, such forward-looking statements are only predictions and involve a number of risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control. These and other important factors may cause our actual results, performance, or achievements to differ materially from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements, and may impact our ability to implement and execute on our future business plans and initiatives.
Management cautions that the forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are not guarantees of future performance, and we cannot assume that such statements will be realized or the forward-looking events and circumstances will occur. Factors that might cause such a difference include, without limitation: general conditions in the global economy; our lack of operating history or established reputation in the reinsurance industry; our inability to obtain or maintain the necessary approvals to operate reinsurance subsidiaries; risks associated with operating in the reinsurance industry, including inadequately priced insured risks, credit risk associated with brokers we may do business with, and inadequate retrocessional coverage; our inability to execute on our investment and investment management strategy, including our strategy to invest in the risk capital of special purpose acquisition companies (SPACs); potential loss of value of investments; risk of becoming an investment company; fluctuations in our short-term results as we implement our new business strategy; risks of being unable to attract and retain qualified management and personnel to implement and execute on our business and growth strategy; failure of our information technology systems, data breaches and cyber-attacks; our ability to establish and maintain an effective system of internal controls; our limited operating history as a public company; the requirements of being a public company and losing our status as a smaller reporting company or becoming an accelerated filer; any potential conflicts of interest between us and our controlling stockholders and different interests of controlling stockholders; potential conflicts of interest between us and our directors and executive officers; risks associated with our related party transactions and investments; and risks associated with our investments in SPAC, including the failure of any such SPAC to complete its initial business combination. Our expectations and future plans and initiatives may not be realized. If one of these risks or uncertainties materializes, or if our underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary materially from those expected, estimated or projected. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements are made only as of the date hereof and do not necessarily reflect our outlook at any other point in time. We do not undertake and specifically decline any obligation to update any such statements or to publicly announce the results of any revisions to any such statements to reflect new information, future events or developments.
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Overview
FG Financial Group, Inc. (“FGF”, the “Company”, “we”, or “us”) is a reinsurance, merchant banking and asset management holding company. We focus on opportunistic collateralized and loss-capped reinsurance, while allocating capital in partnership with Fundamental Global®, and from time to time, other strategic investors, to merchant banking activities. The Company’s principal business operations are conducted through its subsidiaries and affiliates. From our inception in October 2012 through December 2019, we operated as an insurance holding company, writing property and casualty insurance throughout the states of Louisiana, Florida, and Texas. On December 2, 2019, we sold our three former insurance subsidiaries, and embarked upon our current strategy focused on reinsurance, merchant banking and asset management.
As of September 30, 2023, FG Financial Holdings, LLC (“FG”), a private partnership focused on long-term strategic holdings, and its affiliated entity collectively beneficially owned approximately 55.0% of our common stock. D. Kyle Cerminara, Chairman of our Board of Directors, serves as Chief Executive Officer, Co-Founder and Partner of FG.
Critical Accounting Estimates
Critical accounting estimates are those estimates made in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles that involve a significant level of estimation uncertainty and have had or are reasonably likely to have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations. Actual results may differ materially from these estimates. Set forth below is qualitative and quantitative information necessary to understand the estimation uncertainty and the impact the critical accounting estimate has had or is reasonably likely to have on financial condition or results of operations, to the extent the information is material and reasonably available.
Other Investments
Other investments consist, in part, of equity investments made in privately held companies accounted for under the equity method. As discussed further in Note 4, certain investments held by our equity method investees are valued using Monte-Carlo simulation and option pricing models. Inherent in Monte-Carlo simulation and option pricing models are assumptions related to expected volatility and discount for lack of marketability of the underlying investment. Our investees estimate the volatility of these investments based on the historical performance of various broad market indices blended with various peer companies which they consider as having similar characteristics to the underlying investment, as well as consideration of price and volatility of relevant publicly traded securities such as SPAC warrants. Our investees also consider the probability of a successful merger when valuing equity for SPACs that have not yet completed a business combination.
Current Expected Credit Loss
Upon adoption of ASU 2016-13, the Company calculated an allowance for expected credit losses for its reinsurance balances receivable by applying a Probability of Default / Loss Given Default model. The model considers both the external collectability history as well as external loss history. The external loss history that the Company used included a long-term probability of liquidation study specific to insurance companies. Additionally, the life of each of the Company’s reinsurance treaties was also considered as the probability of default was calculated over the contractual length of the reinsurance contracts. The credit worthiness of a counterparty is evaluated by considering the credit ratings assigned by independent agencies and individually evaluating all the counterparties.
Upon adoption of ASU 2016-13, the Company calculated an approximately $0.1 million allowance for expected credit losses for its reinsurance balances receivable.
Valuation of Net Deferred Income Taxes
The provision for income taxes is calculated based on the expected tax treatment of transactions recorded in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. In determining its provision for income taxes, the Company interprets tax legislation in a variety of jurisdictions and makes assumptions about the expected timing of the reversal of deferred income tax assets and liabilities and the valuation of net deferred income taxes.
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The ultimate realization of the deferred income tax asset balance is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which the Company’s temporary differences reverse and become deductible. A valuation allowance is established when it is more likely than not that all or a portion of the deferred income tax asset balance will not be realized. In determining whether a valuation allowance is needed, management considers all available positive and negative evidence affecting specific deferred income tax asset balances, including the Company’s past and anticipated future performance, the reversal of deferred income tax liabilities, and the availability of tax planning strategies. To the extent a valuation allowance is established in a period, an expense must be recorded within the income tax provision in the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income.
Premium Revenue Recognition
The Company participates in reinsurance quota-share contracts and estimates the ultimate premiums for the contract period. These estimates are based on information received from the ceding companies, whereby premiums are recorded as written in the same periods in which the underlying insurance contracts are written and are based on cession statements from cedents. These statements are received quarterly and in arrears, and thus, for any reporting lag, premiums written are estimated based on the portion of the ultimate estimated premiums relating to the risks underwritten during the lag period. Premium estimates are reviewed by management periodically. Such review includes a comparison of actual reported premiums to expected ultimate premiums. Based on management’s review, the appropriateness of the premium estimates is evaluated, and any adjustments to these estimates are recorded in the period in which they are determined. Changes in premium estimates, including premiums receivable, are not unusual and may result in significant adjustments in any period. A significant portion of amounts included in the caption “Reinsurance balances receivable” in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets represent estimated premiums written, net of commissions, brokerage, and loss and loss adjustment expense, and are not currently due based on the terms of the underlying contracts. Premiums written are generally recognized as earned over the contract period in proportion to the risk covered. Additional premiums due on a contract that has no remaining coverage period are earned in full when written. Unearned premiums represent the unexpired portion of reinsurance provided.
Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs
Policy acquisition costs are costs that vary with, and are directly related to, the successful production of new and renewal reinsurance business, and consist principally of commissions, taxes, and brokerage expenses. If the sum of a contract’s expected losses and loss expenses and deferred acquisition costs exceeds associated unearned premiums and expected investment income, a premium deficiency is determined to exist. In this event, deferred acquisition costs are written off to the extent necessary to eliminate the premium deficiency. If the premium deficiency exceeds deferred acquisition costs, then a liability is accrued for the excess deficiency. There were no premium deficiency adjustments recognized during the periods presented herein.
Loss and Loss Adjustment Expense Reserves
Loss and loss adjustment expense reserve estimates are based on estimates derived from reports received from ceding companies. These estimates are periodically reviewed by the Company’s management and adjusted as necessary. Since reserves are estimates, the final settlement of losses may vary from the reserves established and any adjustments to the estimates, which may be material, are recorded in the period they are determined.
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Loss estimates may also be based upon actuarial and statistical projections, an assessment of currently available data, predictions of future developments, estimates of future trends and other factors. Significant assumptions used by the Company’s management and third-party actuarial specialists include loss development factor selections, initial expected loss ratio selections, and weighting of methods used. The final settlement of losses may vary, perhaps materially, from the reserves recorded. All adjustments to the estimates are recorded in the period in which they are determined. U.S. GAAP does not permit establishing loss reserves, which include case reserves and IBNR loss reserves, until the occurrence of an event which may give rise to a claim. As a result, only loss reserves applicable to losses incurred up to the reporting date are established, with no allowance for the establishment of loss reserves to account for expected future loss events. Generally, the Company obtains regular updates of premium and loss related information for the current and historical periods, which are utilized to update the initial expected loss ratio. We also experience lag between (i) claims being reported by the underlying insured to the Company’s cedent and (ii) claims being reported by the Company’s cedent to the Company. This lag may impact the Company’s loss reserve estimates. Cedent reports have pre-determined due dates (for example, thirty days after each month end). As a result, the lag depends in part upon the terms of the specific contract. The timing of the reporting requirements is designed so that the Company receives premium and loss information as soon as practicable once the cedent has closed its books. Accordingly, there should be a short lag in such reporting. Additionally, most of the contracts that have the potential for large single event losses have provisions that such loss notifications are provided to the Company immediately upon the occurrence of an event.
Stock-Based Compensation Expense
The Company uses the fair-value method of accounting for stock-based compensation awards granted. The Company has determined the fair value of its outstanding stock options on their grant date using the Black-Scholes option pricing model along with multiple Monte Carlo simulations to determine a derived service period as the options vest based upon meeting certain performance conditions. The Company determines the fair value of restricted stock units (“RSUs”) on their grant date using the fair value of the Company’s common stock on the date the RSUs were issued (for those RSU which vest solely based upon the passage of time). The fair value of these awards is recorded as compensation expense over the requisite service period, which is generally the expected period over which the awards will vest, with a corresponding increase to additional paid-in capital. When the stock options are exercised, or correspondingly, when the RSUs vest, the amount of proceeds together with the amount recorded in additional paid-in capital is recorded in shareholders’ equity.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
See Item 8, Note 3 – Recently Adopted and Issued Accounting Standards in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion of recent accounting pronouncements and their effect, if any, on the Company.
Analysis of Financial Condition
As of September 30, 2023 Compared to December 31, 2022
Investments
See Item 8, Note 4, Investments and Fair Value Disclosures, for information regarding the Company’s investments held at fair value as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
Equity Method Investments
See Item 8, Note 4, under the caption, “Equity Method Investments,” for information relating to the Company’s investments accounted for under the equity method.
Investments without Readily Determinable Fair Value
See Item 8, Note 4, under the caption, “Investments without Readily Determinable Fair Value,” for information relating to Company investments for which readily determinable fair values do not exist.
Funds Deposited with Reinsured Companies
See Item 8, Note 2, under the caption, “Funds Deposited for benefit of Reinsured Companies,” for information relating to FGRe’s collateral deposits.
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Reinsurance Balances Receivable
Reinsurance balances receivable were $14.5 million, net of a current expected loss allowance of $0.1 million, as of September 30, 2023 compared to $9.3 million as of December 31, 2022, representing net amounts due to the Company under our quota-share agreements. As the Company estimates the ultimate premiums, loss expenses and other costs associated with some of these contracts, based on information received by us from the ceding companies, a significant portion of this balance is based on estimates and, ultimately, may not be collected by the Company.
Net Deferred Taxes
See Item 8, Note 6, Income Taxes, for information relating to deferred income taxes.
Loss and Loss Adjustment Expense Reserves
See Item 8, Note 5, Loss and Loss Adjustment Expense Reserves, for information relating to loss and loss adjustment expense and judgments required for recording such items.
Off Balance Sheet Arrangements
None.
Shareholders’ Equity
8.00% Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series A
The total number of Series A Preferred Stock shares outstanding as of September 30, 2023 is 894,580.
Dividends on the Series A Preferred Stock are cumulative from the date of original issue and are payable quarterly on the 15th day of March, June, September and December of each year, when, as and if declared by our Board of Directors. Dividends are payable out of amounts legally available therefore at a rate equal to 8.00% per annum per $25.00 of stated liquidation preference per share, or $2.00 per share of Series A Preferred Stock per year. Our Board of Directors declared the third quarter 2023 dividend on the shares of Series A Preferred Stock on August 10, 2023. The Series A Preferred Stock shares trade on the Nasdaq Stock Market under the symbol “FGFPP.”
Common Stock
In June 2022, we sold a total of 2,750,000 shares of our common stock in an underwritten public offering, at a price of $1.58 per share, for net proceeds of approximately $3.8 million. On August 2, 2022, ThinkEquity, the underwriter with respect to the public offering, partially exercised its overallotment option and we sold an additional 71,770 shares of our common stock, at a price of 1.58 per share, for net proceeds of $0.1 million. The Company intends to use the net proceeds from the underwritten public offering for working capital and other general corporate purposes.
On November 3, 2022, the Company entered into a Sales Agreement with ThinkEquity LLC, pursuant to which the Company may offer and sell, from time to time through ThinkEquity LLC, shares of the Company’s common stock, subject to the terms and conditions of the Sales Agreement. During the first quarter of 2023, the Company sold approximately 27,000 shares under the Sales Agreement for net proceeds of approximately $74,000. On May 26, 2023, the Sales Agreement was terminated.
In June of 2023, the Company sold a total of 865,000 shares of common stock in an underwritten public offering, at a price of $1.85 per share, for net proceeds of approximately $1.3 million. The Company intends to use the net proceeds from the underwritten public offering for general working capital purposes.
The total number of common stock outstanding as of September 30, 2023 is 10,303,739.
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Change in Shareholders’ Equity
The table below presents the primary components of changes to total shareholders’ equity for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.
| Preferred Shares Outstanding | Common Shares Outstanding | Total Shareholders’ Equity attributable | ||||||||||
| Balance, January 1, 2022 | 894,580 | 6,497,205 | $ | 34,009 | ||||||||
| Stock compensation expense | – | 75,065 | 180 | |||||||||
| Dividends declared on Series A Preferred Stock | – | – | (1,341 | ) | ||||||||
| Issuance of common stock | 2,821,770 | 3,889 | ||||||||||
| Net income | – | – | 955 | |||||||||
| Balance, September 30, 2022 | 894,580 | 9,394,040 | $ | 37,692 | ||||||||
| Balance, January 1, 2023 | 894,580 | 9,410,473 | $ | 37,296 | ||||||||
| Stock compensation expense | – | 1,080 | 1,481 | |||||||||
| Dividends declared on Series A Preferred Stock | – | – | (1,339 | ) | ||||||||
| Issuance of common stock | – | 892,186 | 1,280 | |||||||||
| Net income | – | – | 4,055 | |||||||||
| Cumulative effect of adoption of accounting guidance for expected credit losses at January 1, 2023 | - | - | (106 | ) | ||||||||
| Balance, September 30, 2023 | 894,580 | 10,303,739 | $ | 42,667 | ||||||||
Results of Operations
Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 Compared with Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
Net Premiums Earned
Net premiums earned represent actual premiums earned on our reinsurance agreements as well as estimated premiums earned on our FAL agreement as disclosed previously. All actual and estimated premiums earned are the result of property and casualty assumed premium. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, earned premiums are approximately $11.5 million and $9.8 million, respectively. For the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, earned premiums are approximately $4.1 million and $4.4 million, respectively. The increase in reinsurance premiums for the nine months ended was due primarily to the additional reinsurance agreement entered into with FAL to cover risks written by the syndicate during the calendar year 2023.
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Net Investment Income
Net investment income (loss) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 is as follows:
| ($ in thousands) | Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2023 | 2022 | |||||||||||||
| Investment income (loss): | ||||||||||||||||
| Realized gain (loss) on common stock | $ | 3,078 | $ | (2,472 | ) | $ | 3,062 | $ | (11,441 | ) | ||||||
| Change in unrealized holding on common stock | 404 | 2,448 | 319 | 10,521 | ||||||||||||
| Equity method earnings | 3,460 | 11,226 | 4,192 | 6,080 | ||||||||||||
| Increase in investments without a readily determinable fair value | - | |||||||||||||||