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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

☒ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023

☐TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period fromto

Commission File No. 001-41207

FGI Industries Ltd.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

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Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (973) 428-0400

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

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Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities

Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

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If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☐

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included
in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements.☐

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant's executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b).☐

Indicate by a check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of June 30, 2023, the aggregate value of the registrant’s common stock held by non-affiliates was approximately $4,407,360, based on the number of shares held by non-affiliates as of June 30, 2023 and the closing price of the registrant’s ordinary shares on the Nasdaq Capital Market on that date. Ordinary shares held by each director or executive officer have been excluded in that such persons may be deemed to be affiliates. This determination of affiliate status is not necessarily a conclusive determination for other purposes.

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As of March 20, 2024, the registrant had 9,547,607 outstanding ordinary shares.

Documents incorporated by reference:

The information called for by Part III will be incorporated by reference from the Registrant's definitive Proxy Statement for its Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A or will be included in an amendment to this Form 10-K.

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SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Certain statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and are subject to the safe harbor created thereby. All statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K other than statements of historical facts, including statements regarding our future results of operations and financial position, our business strategy and plans and our objectives for future operations, are forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “aim,” “anticipate,” “assume,” “believe,” “contemplate,” “continue,” “could,” “design,” “due,” “estimate,” “expect,” “goal,” “intend,” “may,” “objective,” “plan,” “predict,” “positioned,” “potential,” “seek,” “should,” “target,” “will,” “would” and other similar expressions that are predictions of or indicate future events and future trends, or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology. In addition, statements that “we believe” or similar statements reflect our beliefs and opinions on the relevant subject. We have based these forward- looking statements on our current expectations about future events. While we believe these expectations are reasonable, such forward-looking statements are inherently subject to risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control. Risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to differ from those expressed in, or implied by, our forward- looking statements include, but are not limited to:

These forward-looking statements are based on management’s current expectations, estimates, forecasts and projections about our business and the industry in which we operate, and management’s beliefs and assumptions are not guarantees of future performance or development and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that are in some cases beyond our control. In light of the significant uncertainties in these forward-looking statements, you should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. Although we believe the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, the future results, levels of activity, performance or events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements may not be achieved or occur at all. You should

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read this Annual Report on Form 10-K and the documents that we reference and have filed as exhibits to this Annual Report on Form 10-K completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

GENERAL

Unless the context otherwise requires, all references in this Annual Report on Form 10-K to the “Company,” “FGI,” “we,” “us” or “our” refer to FGI Industries Ltd.

SUMMARY OF RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH OUR BUSINESS

Our business is subject to numerous risks, as more fully described in the section titled “Risk Factors” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. You should read these risks before you invest in our securities. In particular, risks associated with our business include, but are not limited to, the following:

Strategic Risks

Business and Operational Risks

Competitive Risks

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Technology and Intellectual Property Risks

Litigation and Regulatory Risks

Risks Related to Doing Business in China

Risks Related to Our Securities

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PART I

ITEM 1. BUSINESS

Our Company

FGI is a global, diversified and reputable supplier of quality bath and kitchen products. With over thirty years of experience, FGI has become a leading business to business supplier of bath and kitchen products to large retail, wholesale, commercial and specialty channel customers around the globe specializing in the home improvement and R&R (Repair & Remodel) markets. Some of our largest customers include The Home Depot, Menards, Ferguson and Lowe’s. Throughout our history, we have achieved consistent and above-industry sales growth each year by executing on our strategic objectives which include offering well-designed, high-quality products, providing service that surpasses our competition and exceeds our customers’ expectations, and managing an efficient and resilient global supply chain.

Our products are typically designed in-house or are created in conjunction with our customer and supplier partners. The majority of our products are sold under our customers’ private label brands, although we expect to continue increasing the share of our own brands over time. Below is an outline of our general business model:

Both private label and FGI’s brands require significant marketing expenditures which we typically incur or share with our customers. We offer industry-leading brands including Foremost^®, avenue, contrac^®, Jetcoat^®™, rosenberg and Covered Bridge Cabinetry^®. These brands have continued to grow and represent an increasing share of our total sales in recent years, while the majority of our products are sold under key customers’ private label brands, such as The Home Depot’s “Glacier Bay” brand and Ferguson’s “ProFlo” brand.

Major Developments in our Business

Initial Public Offering

On January 27, 2022, FGI closed an underwritten public offering of 2.5 million units (the “Units”) (consisting of (i) one ordinary share, par value $0.0001 (the “Ordinary Shares”) and, (ii) one warrant to purchase one Ordinary Share (the “Warrants”)) at a public offering price of $6.00 per unit and received net proceeds, after commissions and expenses, of approximately $12.4 million.

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Reorganization

Prior to our initial public offering, we completed the reorganization (the “Reorganization”) of our parent company, Foremost, and its affiliates, pursuant to which, among other actions, Foremost contributed all of its equity interests in FGI Industries, Inc., FGI Europe and FGI International, each a wholly-owned subsidiary of Foremost, to the newly formed FGI Industries Ltd. Foremost was established in 1987 and has become a global leader in kitchen and bath design, indoor and outdoor furniture, food service equipment, and manufacturing. Our business now operates separately from the rest of Foremost’s business units, and we and Foremost believe that operating as a standalone company will allow FGI to more effectively execute its long-term “BPC” growth strategy while focusing more efficiently on its own capital allocation priorities.

Prior to the Reorganization, FGI Industries, Inc., FGI Europe and FGI International operated as business units within Foremost for over thirty years. Foremost continues to be a significant holder of our ordinary shares and supports FGI via global sourcing and manufacturing arrangements. By leveraging Foremost’s long-standing experience in manufacturing and sourcing for certain of our product categories, we believe that FGI maintains a competitive advantage in supplying products that are of good design and high quality. As a standalone business, FGI is a top-tier company in many key product categories within the North American kitchen and bath products markets, with many additional expansion opportunities via existing and adjacent product, sales and geographic channels.

Our Products

As a result of the increased significance of shower systems in our product portfolio in 2023, the Company has

created a standalone “Shower Systems” product category, as detailed below. The “Other” category continues to comprise our kitchen cabinetry and other smaller offerings. The updates were applied retroactively to impacted product categories. Such changes had no impact on the Company's historical consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

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We offer a wide variety of products that fall into four categories: Sanitaryware, Bath Furniture, Shower Systems and Other. Our brand and category makeup of our net sales is as follows:

Sanitaryware. Our Sanitaryware category includes a range of bath products, such as toilets, sinks, pedestals and toilet seats. The majority of these products are sourced from third-party suppliers in China and are sold throughout the

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United States, Canada and Europe. Our main owned brands in this category include Foremost^®, which is retail-focused, and contrac^®, which is wholesale-focused.

Bath Furniture. Our Bath Furniture category primarily includes wood and wood-substitute furniture for bathrooms, including vanities, mirrors, laundry and medicine cabinets and other storage systems. The majority of these products are sourced from Southeast Asia and China and are sold principally in the United States and Canada. We typically sell our bath furniture products under the Foremost brand.

Shower Systems. Our Shower Systems category includes a range of shower-related products such as shower walls, shower doors and shower basins. The majority of these products are sourced from third-party suppliers in China and are sold throughout the United States and Canada. These products are typically sold as private label or under our Craft + Main and Jetcoat brands.

Other. Our Other category includes several smaller categories, most prominently custom kitchen cabinetry brand under our “Covered Bridge Cabinetry” and “Craft + Main Cabinetry” (formerly “Kitchens by Foremost”) lines of products. Our custom kitchen lines represent some of the highest margin, highest quality products that we sell, and are sold primarily through local kitchen and bath dealerships while involving a heavy marketing element with contractors and designers. While custom kitchen cabinetry currently represents less than 3% of our total sales, it is an area where we see significant long term organic growth, gross margin expansion and consolidation possibilities. The majority of our custom kitchen cabinetry and shower products are sourced from Southeast Asia.

In each category, we sell branded and private label products at various price points to attract a wide base of customers and ultimate consumers. We position our products in a “good, better, best” market position, with a variety of price points to address the varying needs of our customer base. However, we typically eschew selling low, or “opening” price point items, and focus primarily on the mid-to-upper price point product categories. We continue to see opportunities to introduce new product categories. Some of our recent product introductions that we expect to drive material sales growth include our Jetcoat-branded shower systems and intelligent (electronic) toilets.

Our Industry

The core bath and kitchen product markets in which we operate principally cater to the R&R markets, consisting of fragmented suppliers and a diffuse network of retailers, wholesalers and independent dealer networks on both national and regional levels. While our sales are principally impacted by the growth of the R&R markets, we are selectively focusing on newbuild markets as well.

According to the National Kitchen and Bath Association, the projected consumer spend for the U.S. bath and kitchen markets is estimated to be approximately $173 billion in 2024, of which approximately half is in product categories that we currently operate within. Outside of extreme recession years in the United States, such as 2007-2009, the R&R markets have experienced consistent 3% to 5% annual growth rates for more than 25 years, providing a predictable and recurring revenue model for the majority of our product lines. The primary drivers of such consistent and above-GDP growth rates are the pace of household formation, home price appreciation, strong housing turnover and the continued aging of the U.S. housing stock in our primary geographic markets.

Our Growth Strategy

Combining our well-developed global business platform with our relatively small revenue base, our aim is to achieve mid-to-high single-digit organic revenue growth rates over the long term. In order to achieve these growth objectives, we pursue a “BPC” growth strategy, focused on Brands, Products and Channels:

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In addition, we continue to evaluate opportunities to pursue selective “bolt-on” acquisitions of smaller companies that complement our core competencies in an effort to increase our scale and profitability, as well as to broaden our product offerings, capabilities and resources. We are also seeking strategic partnerships within the United States and internationally with the goal of strengthening the sources of our product supply. Our key criteria for potential acquisitions include looking for well-run organizations (not turnarounds), opportunities that offer tangible synergies within our core kitchen and bath markets, and investments that meet our stringent return on capital criteria.

Our Customers

We serve a large and global customer base that covers five main categories of businesses: mass retailers, wholesalers, commercial, e-commerce channels and independent distributors. As we grow our own brands, we will increasingly focus our investments on creating end-consumer mindshare and awareness, helping to grow sales through our main customer categories.

Mass Retailers

Our products are primarily used by do-it-yourself homeowners, contractors, builders and remodelers for R&R projects. In North America, products for such projects are predominantly purchased through mass retail home centers such as The Home Depot, Lowe’s and Menard’s. Due to the market presence, store network and customer reach of these large home centers, we have developed decades-long relationships with our key retailer partners to distribute our products. Approximately 34% of our net sales in 2023 were to large retailers.

Wholesalers

Our products are sold through some of the largest bath and kitchen product wholesalers in North America including Ferguson, HD Supply (owned by The Home Depot) and Orgill. The large wholesalers are similar in scale to many of our large retail partners, catering to national and local networks of professional contractors, plumbers, property developers and other significant “influencers” within the residential and non- residential construction markets.

In 2023, approximately 34% of our net sales were to our wholesale partners.

Commercial

Our products are sold through numerous smaller-scale local distribution companies which in turn cater to professional plumbers, contractors and property developers. In Canada, we are a leading supplier to market leaders such as Yorkwest Plumbing, and have developed a strong presence in other commercial sales channels as well. Our numerous relationships tend to be quite stable and strong, built on years of mutual trust and understanding among tightly-knit groups of local professionals. We see an enormous market potential in the Commercial channel and are continuously evaluating additional opportunities for market penetration.

In 2023, approximately 13% of our net sales were to our commercial partners.

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E-Commerce

We sell a growing number of our products through the e-commerce channels of our retail partners as well as “e-commerce only” retailers such as Build.com and Wayfair.com, both of which are rapidly increasing market penetration in the home R&R space. Our sales through e-commerce channels and retailers represented about 12% of our net sales in 2023 up from less than 2% in 2010.

Independent Dealers & Distributors

We have historically sold our products through independent (or “mom and pop”) bath and kitchen product specialists. Independent dealers and distributors represented 7% of our net sales in 2023.

Raw Materials, Suppliers and Manufacturing

Many of our sanitaryware products contain ceramics, the major components of which are clay and enamel. Other primary raw materials used in our bath furniture, kitchen cabinetry and shower products include hard maple, oak, cherry and beech lumber and plywood as well as paint, particleboard, medium density fiberboard, high density fiberboard, glass, aluminum, manufactured components and hardware. We have more than one source for these and other raw materials and generally believe them to be readily available. For many of our products, our third-party suppliers have standardized raw material inputs and a number of production processes, which reduces the logistical manufacturing specifications and allows for greater economies of scale in sourcing these inputs.

The majority of our products are outsourced from Foremost-owned manufacturing facilities and several third-party manufacturers, all primarily based in China and parts of Southeast Asia. We own one facility in Southeast Asia to support our custom kitchen cabinetry programs. We have entered into long-term sourcing agreements with Foremost to secure continued use of their facilities. We generally utilize six to seven factories located in China and parts of Southeast Asia. We have long-term agreements in place with the suppliers of our sanitaryware products for terms ranging from one year, renewable, to perpetuity. The geographic distances involved in these arrangements, together with the differences in business practices, shipping and delivery requirements, and laws and regulations add complexity to our supply chain logistics and increase the potential for interruptions in our production scheduling. In addition, prices and availability of these components may be affected by world market conditions and government policies and tariffs.

Tangshan Huida Ceramic Group Co., Ltd (“Huida”) supplies the majority of our sanitaryware products. Huida accounted for approximately 71.4% of the total balance of our accounts payable as of December 31, 2023. No other supplier accounts for more than 10% of our accounts payable as of December 31, 2023.

We regularly evaluate our organizational productivity and supply chains and seek opportunities to reduce costs and enhance quality. We strive to improve quality, speed and flexibility to meet changing and uncertain market conditions, as well as manage cost inflation, including wages and employee medical costs.

FGI and its subsidiaries are party to two shared services agreements with Foremost Groups Ltd., our largest shareholder, or its subsidiaries, pursuant to which the parties provide certain general and administrative services to one another in certain geographies.

Competition

We operate in a highly fragmented industry that is composed of numerous local, regional and national manufacturers. Most of our competitors compete on a local or regional basis, but others, like us, compete on a national basis as well. Our competitors include large national and international brands such as American Standard, Kohler, Masco (Delta), Mansfield, Gerber, Niagara, Ove Decors and Woodcrafters, as well as numerous OEM suppliers and other smaller brands. Due to the highly-differentiated nature of our product categories and the scarcity of industry data, there is little reliable information on precise market shares for our product categories.

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We believe that brand reputation is an important factor in consumer selection, and that competition in this industry is also based largely on product features and innovation, product quality, customer service, breadth of product offerings and price. Our principal means for competition are our breadth and variety of product offerings, expanded service capabilities, geographic reach, competitive price points for our products and affordable quality.

In general, our Sanitaryware product categories tend to be more consolidated and we compete primarily with a small group of large suppliers with a global footprint in any specific product line, including American Standard, Kohler, Toto, Masco (Delta), Mansfield, Gerger and Niagara, and on occasion with numerous regional suppliers. For our Bath Furniture and Other product categories, we compete with dozens of regional suppliers in any given product line, although we believe that relatively few can compete with us on a truly national scale, particularly with regards to our mass retail channels.

Our Competitive Strengths

Trusted by Customers Around the World

The core markets in which we operate tend to be conservative, with an emphasis on stable and durable relationships. FGI is a top-tier supplier of many key North American bath- and kitchen-related product categories. With support from Foremost, we are one of a select number of large market participants with national and international manufacturing and distribution capabilities. Our supply chain network, operating footprint and long-standing customer relationships provide us an ability to service our retail, wholesale and commercial channel customers worldwide and offer a broad set of products to serve our customers across a variety of price points. We believe the scale and breadth of our operations differentiate us and result in a competitive advantage that allows us to provide well-designed, high-quality products with price points and service that exceed our competitors’ offerings and our customers’ expectations.

Deep Relationships with Leading Suppliers

In the markets in which we operate, production and supply chain quality and stability are crucial to success. Our industry is fundamentally stable and conservative, with high barriers for potential new entrants. We have built strong and stable relationships with a base of long-standing suppliers across the globe, all of whom maintain stringent manufacturing standards. We believe our customers value our decades-long experience in the industry and international footprint, which allows us to meet demanding logistics and performance criteria. At the same time, our third-party manufacturing suppliers are reliant on our stable and growing platform in order to effectively utilize their own fixed-asset investments. The importance of these strengths has been highlighted during the outbreak and ongoing spread of the novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”) pandemic, as we believe that we have remained among the most consistent and reliable suppliers in our industry despite the unprecedented challenges which were presented.

Stable Technological and Industry Dynamics

Our core bath and kitchen product markets are generally less prone to fast-paced technological innovation or “fast fashion” consumer trends. We believe this is largely due to the core functionalities of the products we offer, which have tended to evolve gradually over decades, rather than in a few years (or even months, as with certain industries). As a result, we have confidence in our ability to execute our long-term growth plans, while allocating our capital in a patient and thoughtful manner, with relatively high and predictable rates of return.

Commercial and Regulatory Barriers to Entry

The kitchen and bath markets operate under a myriad of international, national, federal, provincial and local codes. This is particularly the case as much of the product markets on which we focus are ultimately related to water and the prevention of water leakage and damage. On a fundamental level, our kitchen and bath products need to pass heavy quality control and regulatory standards, making it difficult for potential new entrants.

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Experienced Management Team

We have assembled an executive team with a deep base of management experience within industrial manufacturing companies. David Bruce, our Chief Executive Officer, Bob Kermelewicz, our Executive Vice President, United States, Jennifer Earl, our Executive Vice President, Canada and Norman Kroenke, our Executive Vice President, Europe each have over twenty years of industry experience. Our Executive Chairman John Chen has more than twelve years of investment management and financial experience. Our team has identified and begun to execute on opportunities for operational improvement, growth and business expansion as a standalone company.

Significant ownership and support from Foremost

Foremost is a family-controlled and privately held holding company. As an approximate 72% owner of FGI’s ordinary shares, Foremost remains committed to supporting FGI’s strategic development and growth plans. For over 30 years, Foremost has built an industry-leading reputation as a reliable manufacturer and supply source for numerous wood and ceramic-based products which form the foundation of many FGI product categories. As a standalone company, FGI continues to benefit from Foremost’s long-standing experience in global manufacturing and sourcing, providing a solid foundation from which to pursue alternate sources of supply for our key product categories as we see fit.

Intellectual Property

We sell many of our products under a number of registered and unregistered trademarks, which we believe are widely recognized in our industry. FGI maintains a significant portfolio of trademarks and copyrights, most notably under our avenue, contrac^®, rosenberg and Covered Bridge Cabinetry^® brands. We have also acquired rights to the Foremost^® brand from Foremost with regards to any Foremost branded products that we continue to sell. We rely on trade secrets and confidentiality agreements to develop and maintain our competitive position.

Environmental Matters and Regulatory Matters

Our operations are subject to national, state and local environmental laws and regulations relating to, among other things, the generation, storage, handling, emission, transportation and discharge of regulated materials into the environment. Permits are required for certain of our operations, and these permits are subject to revocation, modification and renewal by issuing authorities. Governmental authorities have the power to enforce compliance with their regulations, and violations may result in the payment of fines or the entry of injunctions, or both. We may also incur liability for investigation and clean-up of soil or groundwater contamination on or emanating from current or formerly owned and operated properties, or at offsite locations at which regulated materials are located where we are identified as a responsible party. Discovery of currently unknown conditions could require responses that could result in significant costs. We monitor applicable laws and regulations and incur ongoing expense relating to compliance, however we do not expect that compliance with federal, state, local and foreign regulations, will result in material capital expenditures or have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial position.

We believe that responsibility does not stop at national borders, which is why FGI is working to protect and sustain our global environment. By designing products that meet Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”) standards, like our Water Sense qualifying toilets that provide high efficiency waste removal while using 20% less water with every flush, FGI is using innovative engineering to make the most of our resources.

Our bath furniture use California Air Resource Board (“CARB”) Phase II compliant wood products which limit urea-formaldehyde emissions into the environment. We only use wood products from managed forest resources to discourage clear-cut logging and the depletion of global rainforests. We encourage customers to order products using material that is Forest Stewardship Council (“FSC”) certified, ensuring the responsible use of our forest resources and equitable treatment of indigenous people of producing regions.

Environmental responsibility is everyone’s task at FGI, to ensure that we as a company protect our employees, our customers and our planet for this generation and the ones that follow.

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Seasonality

Our business has been subject to seasonal influences, with higher sales typically realized during the second and third calendar quarters, corresponding with the peak season for R&R activity. The costs of our products are subject to inflationary pressures and commodity price fluctuations. We have generally been able over time to recover the effects of inflation, commodity price and currency fluctuations through sales price increases.

Human Capital

As of December 31, 2023, we employed approximately 287 employees, all of which are full-time, with no employees covered by collective bargaining agreements. We believe that our employee relations are good.

We believe that the performance of our company is impacted by our human capital management, and as a result we consistently work to attract, select, develop, engage and retain strong, diverse talent. We are focused on three key strategic talent priorities: leadership, diversity, equity and inclusion, and our future workforce. Our Human Resources Department is responsible for developing and executing our human capital strategy and provides regular updates to our Board of Directors’ Organization and Compensation Committee on our progress toward the achievement of our strategic initiatives. We believe that all of our human capital initiatives work together to assure we have an environment where our employees are engaged, feel a sense of belonging, and can reach their full potential.

The safety of our employees is integral to our company. In support of our safety efforts, we identify, assess and investigate incidents and injury data, and each year set goals to improve key safety performance indicators. We train, promote, consult and communicate with our workforce in this process. In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the importance of employee welfare. We reacted quickly to keep our employees safe through the implementation of policies and safety measures that adhered to best practices from the World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease Control. Despite the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, we did not experience a material change to our daily operations as we quickly adjusted employee work schedules in alignment with the exigencies of both the pandemic and our business requirements.

Corporate History and Information

We were incorporated in the Cayman Islands on May 26, 2021 in connection with a reorganization (the “Reorganization”) of our parent company, Foremost, and its affiliates, pursuant to which, among other actions, Foremost contributed all of its equity interests in FGI Industries, Inc. (“FGI USA”), FGI Europe Investment Limited, a British Virgin Islands entity (“FGI Europe”), and FGI International Limited, a Hong Kong entity (“FGI International”), each a wholly-owned subsidiary of Foremost, to the newly formed FGI Industries Ltd. Foremost was established in 1987 and has become a global leader in kitchen and bath design, indoor and outdoor furniture, food service equipment, and manufacturing. As Foremost has grown, our business has come to operate separately from the rest of Foremost’s business units.

Prior to the Reorganization, FGI Industries, Inc., FGI Europe and FGI International operated as business units within Foremost for over thirty years. Foremost continues to be a significant holder of our ordinary shares and supports FGI via global sourcing and manufacturing arrangements. By leveraging Foremost’s long-standing experience in manufacturing and sourcing for certain of our product categories, we believe that FGI maintains a competitive advantage in supplying products that are of good design and high quality. As a standalone business, FGI is a top-tier company in many key product categories within the North American kitchen and bath products markets, with many additional expansion opportunities via existing and adjacent product, sales and geographic channels.

Our principal executive offices are located at 906 Murray Road, East Hanover, NJ 07936, and our telephone number is (973) 428-0400. Our website address is www.fgi-industries.com. The information contained on, or accessible through, our website is not incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and you should not consider any information contained in, or that can be accessed through, our website as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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We are a Cayman Islands exempted company. Exempted companies are Cayman Islands companies conducting business mainly outside the Cayman Islands and, as such, are exempted from complying with certain provisions of the Companies Act (2022 Revision) of the Cayman Islands (the “Companies Act”) as the same may be amended from time to time. As an exempted company, we may apply for a tax exemption undertaking from the Cayman Islands government that, in accordance with Section 6 of the Tax Concessions Act (2018 Revision) of the Cayman Islands, for a period of 30 years from the date of the undertaking, no law which is enacted in the Cayman Islands imposing any tax to be levied on profits, income, gains or appreciations will apply to us or our operations and, in addition, that no tax to be levied on profits, income, gains or appreciations or which is in the nature of estate duty or inheritance tax will be payable (i) on or in respect of our shares, debentures or other obligations or (ii) by way of the withholding in whole or in part of a payment of dividend or other distribution of income or capital by us to our shareholders or a payment of principal or interest or other sums due under a debenture or other obligation of us.

Because Foremost holds approximately 72% of the voting power of our ordinary shares, we are considered a “controlled company” under the corporate governance rules of Nasdaq. However, we do not currently rely upon the “controlled company” exemptions.

Available Information

Our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and other filings with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, and all amendments to these filings, are available, free of charge, on our website at www.fgi-industries.com as soon as reasonably practicable following our filing of any of these reports with the SEC. You can also obtain copies free of charge by contacting our Investor Relations department at our office address listed above. The SEC also maintains a website that contains all the materials we file with, or furnish to, the SEC. Its website is www.sec.gov.

The contents of our website are not incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K or any other document we file with the SEC, and any reference to our website is intended to be an inactive textual reference only.

ITEM 1A.RISK FACTORS

Our business is subject to numerous risks. You should carefully consider the following risks and all other information contained in this Annual Report, as well as general economic and business risks, together with any other documents we file with the SEC. If any of the following events actually occur or risks actually materialize, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition and cause the trading price of our ordinary shares to decline.

INDEX TO RISK FACTORS

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Strategic Risks

Our BPC organic growth strategy is focused on capturing higher incremental gross margins by increasing our share of branded products, expanding into new product categories and creating new sales channels, all of which are impacted by a number of economic factors and other factors.

Our business relies on residential repair and remodel (“R&R”) activity and, to a lesser extent, on new home and commercial construction activity. A number of factors impact consumers’ spending on home improvement projects as well as new home construction activity, including:

The fundamentals driving our business are impacted by economic cycles, and we have been negatively impacted by recent supply chain disruptions, rising interest rates and inflationary pressures. Adverse changes or uncertainty involving the factors listed above or an economic contraction in the United States and worldwide could result in a decline in spending on residential R&R activity and a decline in demand for new home construction and could adversely impact our businesses by: causing consumers to delay or decrease homeownership; making consumers more price conscious resulting in a shift in demand to smaller, less expensive homes; making consumers more reluctant to make investments in their existing homes, including large kitchen and bath R&R projects; or making it more difficult or expensive to secure loans for major renovations, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial position.

Prolonged economic downturns may adversely impact our sales, earnings and liquidity.

Our industry can fluctuate with economic cycles. During economic downturns, our industry could experience longer periods of recession and greater declines than the general economy. We believe that our industry, particularly North American home improvement, R&R and new home construction activity, is significantly influenced particularly by housing activity, consumer confidence, the level of personal discretionary spending, demographics, credit availability, inflation and interest rates and other business conditions. Recently, higher interest rates, inflation and general tightening of credit availability have affected these markets. These factors may affect not only the ultimate consumer of our products, but also may impact home centers, builders and our other primary customers. As a result, a worsening of economic conditions, could have a material adverse effect on our sales and earnings as well as our cash flow and liquidity.

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Our ability to grow and compete in the future will be adversely affected if adequate capital is not available to us or not available on terms favorable to us.

The ability of our business to grow and compete depends on the availability of adequate capital, which in turn depends in large part on our cash flow from operations and the availability of equity and debt financing. Furthermore, our existing indebtedness, which was approximately $7.0 million as of December 31, 2023, may adversely affect our financial flexibility and our competitive position in the future. We cannot assure you that our cash flow from operations will be sufficient or that we will be able to obtain equity or debt financing on acceptable terms to implement our “BPC” growth strategy. We may need additional cash resources in the future if we experience changed business conditions or other developments and may also need additional cash resources in the future if we wish to pursue opportunities for investment, acquisition, strategic cooperation or other similar actions. As a result, we cannot assure you that adequate capital will be available to finance our current growth plans, take advantage of business opportunities or respond to competitive pressures, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial position.

We may not achieve all of the anticipated benefits of our strategic initiatives.

We continue to pursue our strategic initiatives of investing in our branded products, developing new product categories, and utilizing sales channels positioned for long term growth through the “BPC” strategy, our methodology to drive growth and productivity. These initiatives are designed to grow shareholder value over the long term. Our results of operations and financial position could be materially and adversely affected if we are unable to successfully execute these initiatives or if we are unable to execute these initiatives in a timely and efficient manner. We could also be adversely affected if we have not appropriately prioritized and balanced our initiatives or if we are unable to effectively manage change throughout our organization.

We may not be able to successfully execute our acquisition strategy or integrate businesses that we acquire.

Pursuing the acquisition of businesses complementary to our portfolio is a component of our strategy for future growth. If we are not able to identify suitable acquisition candidates or consummate potential acquisitions within a desired time frame or with acceptable terms and prices, our long-term competitive positioning may be affected. Even if we are successful in acquiring and/or merging with businesses, the businesses we acquire or merge with may not be able to achieve the revenue, profitability or growth we anticipate, or we may experience challenges and risks in integrating these businesses into our existing business. Such risks include:

Future foreign acquisitions may also increase our exposure to foreign currency risks and risks associated with interpretation and enforcement of foreign regulations. Our failure to address these risks could cause us to incur additional costs and fail to realize the anticipated benefits of our acquisitions and could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial position.

We could continue to pursue growth opportunities through either acquisitions, mergers or internally developed projects, which may be unsuccessful or may adversely affect our future financial condition and operating results.

Although we are not currently considering any specific business combinations, we could pursue opportunities for growth through either acquisitions, mergers or internally developed projects as part of our “BPC” growth strategy. We cannot assure you that we will be successful in integrating an acquired business or that an internally developed project

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will perform at the levels we anticipate. We may pay for future acquisitions using cash, stock, the assumption of debt, or a combination of these. Future acquisitions could result in dilution to existing shareholders and to earnings per share. In addition, we may fail to identify significant liabilities or risks associated with a given acquisition that could adversely affect our future financial condition and operating results or result in us paying more for the acquired business or assets than they are worth.

Business and Operational Risks

We recently began as a stand-alone business and have a limited operating history as a stand-alone business.

The historical financial information we have included does not reflect, and the pro forma financial information included may not reflect, what our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows would have been had we been a stand-alone entity during the historical periods presented, or what our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows will be in the future as an independent entity.

In addition, we have not made pro forma adjustments to reflect many significant changes that will occur in our cost structure, funding and operations as a result of our transition to becoming a public company, including changes in our employee base, potential increased costs associated with reduced economies of scale and increased costs associated with being a publicly traded, stand-alone company.

Variability in the cost and availability of our raw materials, component parts and finished goods, including the imposition of tariffs, could affect our results of operations and financial position.

We purchase substantial amounts of raw materials, component parts and finished goods from outside sources, including international sources, and our products are manufactured outside of the United States. Increases in the cost of the materials we purchase have in the past and may in the future increase the prices for our products, including as a result of new tariffs. There is a risk that additional tariffs on imports from China or new tariffs could be imposed, which could further increase the cost of the materials we purchase or import or the products we manufacture internationally. Further, our production could be affected if we or our suppliers are unable to procure our requirements for various commodities, including, among others, brass, porcelain, wood and engineered wood, or if a shortage of these commodities results in significantly increased costs. Rising energy costs could also increase our production and transportation costs. These factors could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial position.

It can be difficult for us to pass on to customers our cost increases. Our existing arrangements with customers, competitive considerations and customer resistance to price increases may delay or make us unable to adjust selling prices. If we are not able to sufficiently increase the prices of our products or achieve cost savings to offset increased material and production costs, including the impact of increasing tariffs, our results of operations and financial position could be adversely affected. When our material costs decline, we may in the future receive pressure from our customers to reduce our prices. Such reductions could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial position.

We have entered into long-term agreements with certain significant suppliers to help ensure continued availability of our manufactured product supply and to establish firm pricing, but at times these contractual commitments may result in our paying above market prices for manufactured products during the term of the contract.

Our top ten customers represent a large portion of our sales. A significant adverse change in such relationships could adversely impact our results of operations and financial condition.

Our sales are concentrated with ten significant customers who collectively represented over 72% and 76% of our consolidated net sales for 2023 and 2022, respectively, and this concentration may continue to increase. In particular, The Home Depot represented approximately 18% and 22% of our consolidated net sales in 2023 and 2022, respectively. The Home Depot and other home center retailers can significantly affect the prices we receive for our products and the terms and conditions on which we do business with them. Additionally, these home center retailers may reduce the number of vendors from which they purchase and could make significant changes in their volume of purchases from us.

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The loss of one or more key customers, a material reduction in products purchased by them, or our inability to maintain our competitive position in our industries could cause us to experience a decline in net sales, which could adversely affect our results of operations and financial position. In addition, there can be no assurance that such customers will not experience financial difficulties or other adverse conditions which could delay such customers in paying for products on a timely basis or at all. Although other retailers, dealers, distributors and homebuilders represent other channels of distribution for our products and services, we might not be able to quickly replace, if at all, the loss of all or a substantial portion of our sales, and any such loss would have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial position.

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We are dependent on a few key third-party suppliers.

We are dependent on third-party suppliers for many of our products and components, and are largely dependent on one large supplier, Tangshan Huida Ceramic Group Co., Ltd, an entity formed and located in China (“Huida”), who accounted for and approximately 71% and 86% of the total balance of our accounts payable as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, for the majority of our sanitaryware products, and our ability to offer a wide variety of products depends on our ability to obtain an adequate and timely supply of these products and components.

Failure of our suppliers and, particularly, of Huida, to timely provide us quality products on commercially reasonable terms, or to comply with applicable legal and regulatory requirements, or our policies regarding our supplier business practices, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial position or could damage our reputation. Sourcing these products and components from alternate suppliers, including suppliers from new geographic regions, is time-consuming and costly and could result in inefficiencies or delays in our business operations. Accordingly, the loss of Huida or other critical suppliers, or a substantial decrease in the availability of products or components from our suppliers, could disrupt our business and have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial position.

We previously had an agreement with Huida pursuant to which we had an exclusive right to distribute and resell in the United States and Canadian markets any products designed and created by Huida and Huida was not permitted to manufacture or sell any products we designed or created, for which we retained all intellectual property rights, without our prior consent. This agreement was ended in 2022, but Huida remains a key supplier and we believe we maintain a good business relationship. However, it is possible that, in the future, Huida may seek to sell directly into markets in which we operate, which may affect our supplier relationship or negatively impact our sales in such markets.

Additionally, many of the suppliers we rely upon are located in foreign countries, primarily China. The differences in business practices, shipping and delivery requirements, changes in economic conditions and trade policies and laws and regulations, together with the limited number of suppliers, have increased the complexity of our supply chain logistics and the potential for interruptions in our production scheduling. If we are unable to effectively manage our supply chain or if we experience constraints to or disruption in transporting the products or components or we have to pay higher transportation costs for timely delivery of our products or components, our results of operations and financial position could be materially and adversely affected. See “— Risks Related to Doing Business In China” below.

We are dependent on third-party manufacturers.

We are reliant upon Foremost, our former parent company, and other third-party manufacturers to supply the majority of our products. Failure of our manufacturers to timely deliver quality products on commercially reasonable terms, or to comply with applicable legal and regulatory requirements, or our policies regarding our manufacturer business practices, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial position or could damage our reputation. In addition, we may experience delays, disruptions or quality control problems in our manufacturing operations, over which we have little to no control.

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Natural disasters or other disruptions could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Our manufacturers and suppliers are located in regions that are vulnerable to natural disasters and other risks, such as earthquakes, fires, floods, tropical storms, hurricanes and snow and ice, which at times have disrupted the local economy and posed risks to our supply chain. In addition, the continued threat of terrorism and heightened security and military action in response to this threat, or any future acts of terrorism, may cause further disruptions to the economies of the United States and other countries. Our redundant, multiple site capacity may not be sufficient in the event of a natural disaster, terrorist act or other catastrophic event. Such disruptions could, among other things, disrupt our manufacturing or distribution facilities or those of our suppliers and result in delays or cancellations of customer orders for our products, which in turn could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Further, if a natural disaster occurs in a region from which we derive a significant portion of our revenue, end-user customers in that region may delay or forego purchases of our products, which may materially and adversely impact our operating results for a particular period.

There are risks associated with our international operations and global strategies.

In each of 2023 and 2022, approximately 36% and 36%, respectively of our sales were made outside of the United States (principally in Canada and Europe) and transacted in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. In addition to our Canadian and European operations, we manufacture products and source products and components from China and parts of Southeast Asia. Risks associated with our international operations include:

We are also affected by domestic and international laws and regulations applicable to companies doing business abroad or importing and exporting goods and materials. These include tax laws, laws regulating competition, anti-bribery/anti-corruption and other business practices, and trade regulations, including duties and tariffs. Compliance with these laws is costly, and future changes to these laws may require significant management attention and disrupt our operations. Additionally, while it is difficult to assess what changes may occur and the relative effect on our international tax structure, significant changes in how U.S. and foreign jurisdictions tax cross-border transactions could materially and adversely affect our results of operations and financial position. For specific risks associated with operations in China, see “— Risks Related to Doing Business in China” below.

The international scope of our business exposes us to risks associated with foreign exchange rates.

We report our financial results in U.S. dollars. However, a significant portion of our revenues, expenses, assets, indebtedness and other liabilities are denominated in foreign currencies, particularly the Euro, the Chinese Renminbi and the Canadian dollar. Fluctuations in currency exchange rates, including as a result of inflation, central bank monetary policies, currency controls or other currency exchange restrictions have had, and could continue to have, an adverse impact on our financial performance. We may seek to mitigate the risk of such impacts through hedging, but such hedging activities may be costly and may not be effective. In addition, emerging market economies in which we operate may be particularly vulnerable to the impact of rising interest rates, inflationary pressures, weaker oil and other commodity prices, and large external deficits. Risks in one country can limit our opportunities for portfolio growth and negatively affect our operations in another country or countries. Such conditions or developments could have an adverse impact on our operations. In addition, we may be exposed to credit risks in some of those markets.

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Global or regional unrest, conflict, geopolitical disputes or catastrophic events could affect our operations and results of operations.

Our business can be affected by war, large-scale terrorist or other hostile acts, especially those directed against the United States or other major industrialized countries in which we do business or supply products, major natural disasters, long-term periods of drought, or widespread outbreaks of infectious diseases. Such events could impair our ability to manage our business, could disrupt our supply of raw materials, and could affect production, transportation and delivery of products. For example, the U.S.-China trade relations remain uncertain, and if tensions continue to worsen, we may our supply chain, production and delivery of products could be negatively impacted. Further, regional conflicts, such as the Ukraine-Russia and Israel-Hamas conflicts, could escalate and expand, which in turn could have negative impacts on our operations, the global economy and financial markets. Such disruptions of regional or global economic activity can affect consumers’ purchasing power in the affected areas and, therefore, reduce demand for our products.

The long-term performance of our businesses relies on our ability to attract, develop and retain talented and diverse personnel.

To be successful, we must invest significant resources to attract, develop and retain highly qualified, talented and diverse employees at all levels, who have the experience, knowledge and expertise to implement our strategic initiatives. We compete for employees with a broad range of employers in many different industries, including large multinational firms, and we may fail in recruiting, developing, motivating and retaining them, particularly when there are low unemployment levels. From time to time, we have been affected by a shortage of qualified personnel in certain geographic areas. Our growth, competitive position and results of operations and financial position could be materially and adversely affected by our failure to attract, develop and retain key employees and diverse talent, to build strong leadership teams, or to develop effective succession planning to assure smooth transitions of those employees and the knowledge and expertise they possess, or by a shortage of qualified employees.

Failure to effectively monitor and respond to environmental, social and governance (“ESG”) matters, including our ability to set and meet reasonable goals related to climate change and sustainability efforts, may negatively affect our business and operations.

Regulatory developments and stakeholder expectations relating to ESG matters are rapidly changing. Concern over climate change has increased focus on the sustainability of practices and products in the markets we serve, and changes to laws and regulations regarding climate change mitigation may result in increased costs and disruption to operations. Moreover, the standards by which ESG matters are measured are developing and evolving, and certain areas are subject to assumptions that could change over time. If we are unable to recognize and respond to such developments, or if our existing practices and procedures are not adequate to meet new regulatory requirements, we may miss corporate opportunities, become subject to regulatory scrutiny or third-party claims, or incur costs to revise operations to meet new standards.

The outbreak of contagious diseases, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, could disrupt our business and impact our results of operations and financial condition.

Our business could be adversely affected by the effects of a widespread outbreak of contagious diseases, similar to COVID-19, which impacted global, national and local economies, created a number of macroeconomic challenges that impacted our business, including volatility and uncertainty in business planning, disruptions in global supply chains, material, freight and labor inflation, shortages of and delays in obtaining certain materials and labor shortages.

The extent of the impact of a pandemic similar to the COVID-19 pandemic on our business and financial results will depend on numerous evolving factors that we are not able to accurately predict and that all will vary by market, including the duration and scope of the pandemic, the emergence of new variants of the virus and the efficacy of vaccines against such variants, global economic conditions during and after the pandemic, including disruptions in the global supply chain, inflation and labor shortages, government actions that may be taken in the future, in response to the pandemic, and changes in customer behavior in response to the pandemic, some of which may be more than just temporary.

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Risks Related to Doing Business in China

We have limited operations in China, but many of our products are sourced from China. Our ability or the ability of our suppliers to operate in China may be impaired by changes in Chinese laws and regulations, including those relating to taxation, environmental regulation, restrictions on foreign investment, and other matters.

While we are a Cayman Islands exempted company headquartered in the United States and derive no revenue from China, we do have limited sourcing and product development operations in China. As of the date of this report, approximately 27 of our 287 employees are based in China. Moreover, suppliers of a majority of our product materials are based in China.

The Chinese government has exercised and continues to exercise substantial control over virtually every sector of the Chinese economy through regulation and state ownership. The central Chinese government or local governments having jurisdiction within China may impose new, stricter regulations, or interpretations of existing regulations, that would require additional expenditures and efforts on our part to ensure our compliance with such regulations or interpretations. As such, our subsidiaries or our third-party suppliers in the People’s Republic of China (PRC) maybe subject to governmental and regulatory interference in the provinces in which they operate. Our subsidiaries or our third-party suppliers could also be subject to regulation by various political and regulatory entities, including local and municipal agencies and other governmental subdivisions. Our ability, and the ability of our suppliers, to operate in China may be impaired by any such laws or regulations, or any changes in laws and regulations in the PRC. We or our third-party suppliers may incur increased costs necessary to comply with existing and future laws and regulations or penalties for any failure to comply. If our suppliers incur increased costs, they may attempt to pass such costs on to us. Any such increased costs or disruptions to our operations or the operations of our suppliers could adversely impact our results of operations.

We could become subject to a variety of laws and other obligations regarding cybersecurity and data protection, and any failure to comply with applicable laws and obligations could have an adverse effect on our business operations in China.

We are subject to various risks and costs associated with the collection, use, sharing, retention, security, and transfer of confidential and private information, such as personal information and other data. This data is wide ranging and relates to our investors, employees, contractors and other counterparties and third parties. Our compliance obligations include those relating to the Data Protection Act (As Revised) of the Cayman Islands and the relevant PRC laws in this regard. These PRC laws apply not only to third-party transactions, but also to transfers of information between us and our subsidiaries, and other parties with which we have commercial relations. We do not believe the PRC laws have a material impact on our current operations, but these laws continue to develop, and the PRC government may adopt other rules and restrictions in the future. Non-compliance could result in penalties or other significant legal liabilities.

Pursuant to the PRC Cybersecurity Law, personal information and important data collected and generated by a critical information infrastructure operator in the course of its operations in China must be stored in China, and if a critical information infrastructure operator purchases internet products and services that affects or may affect national security, it should be subject to cybersecurity review by the CAC. The Revised Cybersecurity Review Measures, which took effect on February 15, 2022, require critical information infrastructure operators procuring network products and services and online platform operators carrying out data processing activities, which affect or may affect national security, to conduct a cybersecurity review pursuant to the provisions therein. We do not believe that our company constitutes a “critical information infrastructure operator” under the Cybersecurity Review Measures, however, the exact scope of “critical information infrastructure operators” under the current regulatory regime remains unclear, and the PRC government authorities may have wide discretion in the interpretation and enforcement of the applicable laws. Additionally, the PRC Data Security Law took effect on September 1, 2021 and requires data collection to be conducted in a legitimate and proper manner, and stipulates that, for the purpose of data protection, data processing activities must be conducted based on data classification and hierarchical protection system for data security.

We believe we are compliant with these regulations, to the extent they are applicable to us, and we do not believe our business will be materially affected by these measures. However, if we were selected for review, or one of our

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suppliers was selected for review, we or such supplier may be required to suspend operations in China during such review. Cybersecurity review could also result in negative publicity with respect to our company or our suppliers and could divert managerial attention and financial resources. Furthermore, if we or one of our suppliers were found to be in violation of applicable laws and regulations in China during such review, we or such supplier could be subject to administrative penalties, such as warnings, fines, or service suspension.

Pursuant to the PRC Cybersecurity Law, which was promulgated by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress on November 7, 2016 and took effect on June 1, 2017, personal information and important data collected and generated by a critical information infrastructure operator in the course of its operations in China must be stored in China, and if a critical information infrastructure operator purchases internet products and services that affects or may affect national security, it should be subject to cybersecurity review by the CAC. Due to the lack of further interpretations, the exact scope of “critical information infrastructure operator” remains unclear. On July 10, 2021, the CAC publicly issued the Measures for Cybersecurity Censorship (Revised Draft for Comments) aiming to, upon its enactment, replace the existing Measures for Cybersecurity Censorship. The draft measures extend the scope of cybersecurity reviews to data processing operators engaging in data processing activities that affect or may affect national security, including listing in a foreign country. PRC Data Security Law, which was promulgated by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress on June 10, 2021 and took effect on September 1, 2021, requires data collection to be conducted in a legitimate and proper manner, and stipulates that, for the purpose of data protection, data processing activities must be conducted based on data classification and hierarchical protection system for data security.

We believe we are compliant with these regulations, to the extent they are applicable to us, and we do not believe our business would be materially affected by these recent measures. However, if we were selected for review, or one of our suppliers was selected for review, we or such supplier may be required to suspend operations in China during such review. Cybersecurity review could also result in negative publicity with respect to our company or our suppliers and could divert managerial attention and financial resources. Furthermore, if we or one of our suppliers were found to be in violation of applicable laws and regulations in China during such review, we or such supplier could be subject to administrative penalties, such as warnings, fines, or service suspension.

We could be subject to regulation by various political and regulatory entities, including local and municipal agencies and other governmental subdivisions.

We may incur increased costs necessary to comply with existing and future laws and regulations or penalties for any failure to comply. Outside of general business licenses in the ordinary course, FGI China and FGI International are not required to obtain permission from any Chinese authorities to operate and, as a Cayman Islands entity based in the United States, we are not required to obtain any permission from the China Securities Regulatory Commission, CAC or similar entity in China to issue our ordinary shares. No such permission or business license required for our subsidiaries’ operations has been denied. Recently, the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the General Office of the State Council jointly issued the “Opinions on Severely Cracking Down on Illegal Securities Activities According to Law” (the “Opinions”), which were made available to the public on July 6, 2021. The Opinions emphasized the need to strengthen administration over illegal securities activities and the need to strengthen supervision with respect to overseas listings of Chinese companies.

We believe the Opinions are inapplicable to us, as we are a Cayman Islands entity and our operations in China are limited. However, some of our major suppliers could be affected, and our operations could be adversely affected, directly or indirectly, by existing or future laws and regulations relating to its business or industry. Additionally, future laws or regulations that adversely affect our suppliers or their ability to source and provide materials to us could have an adverse impact on our operations. Accordingly, the Chinese government’s actions in the future, including any decision to intervene in or influence our operations or the operations of our suppliers at any time may cause our company or our suppliers to make changes to our or their operations.

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Regulatory bodies of the United States may be limited in their ability to conduct investigations or inspections of our operations in China.

From time to time, we may receive requests from certain U.S. agencies to investigate or inspect our operations or to otherwise provide information. While we will comply with requests from these regulators, there is no guarantee that such requests will be honored by those entities that provide services to us or with which we associate, especially for any such entities that are located in China. Furthermore, an on-site inspection of our facilities by any of these regulators may be limited or entirely prohibited. Such inspections, though permitted by our company and our affiliates, are subject to the unpredictability of the Chinese enforcement and other government agencies and may therefore be impossible to facilitate.

Our auditor, Marcum LLP, is a Registered Public Accounting Firm with the PCAOB and is based in New York, New York. Under the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act (the “HFCAA”), the PCAOB is permitted to inspect our independent public accounting firm. If the PCAOB later determined that it cannot inspect or fully investigate our auditor for three consecutive years, trading in our securities may be prohibited under the HFCAA, and, as a result, Nasdaq may determine to delist our securities. Moreover, in December 2022, the Accelerating Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act was enacted and amended the HFCAA to require the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission to prohibit an issuer’s securities from trading on U.S. exchanges if its auditor is not subject to PCAOB inspection for two consecutive years instead of three, thus reducing the time period before such securities would be delisted.

Changes in China’s economic, political or social conditions or legal system or government policies could have a material adverse effect on our business and operations.

While we have limited sourcing and product development operations located in China through FGI China and FGI International, many of our products are sourced or manufactured in China. Accordingly, our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may be influenced to a significant degree by political, economic and social conditions in China generally and by the significant discretion of Chinese governmental authorities. The Chinese government continues to play a significant role in regulating industry development by imposing industrial policies. The Chinese government also exercises significant control over China’s economic growth through allocating resources, controlling payment of foreign currency- denominated obligations, setting monetary policy, and providing preferential treatment to particular industries or companies. The increased global focus on environmental and social issues and China’s potential adoption of more stringent standards in these areas may adversely impact us or our suppliers.

Furthermore, the PRC legal system is based in part on government policies and internal rules, some of which are not published on a timely basis or at all and may have a retroactive effect. As a result, we or our suppliers may not be aware of our violation of any of these policies and rules until sometime after the alleged violation. In addition, any administrative and court proceedings in China may be protracted, resulting in substantial costs and diversion of resources and management attention. Further, such evolving laws and regulations and the inconsistent enforcement thereof could also lead to failure to obtain or maintain licenses and permits to do business in China, which would adversely affect us or our suppliers in China. Any such disruption, or if one or more of our Chinese suppliers was prevented from operating, could have an adverse impact on our results of operations and financial condition.

We may be subject to risks that the Chinese government may intervene or influence our operations at any time.

Because we have employees located in China, and source products from Chinese manufacturers, we are subject to the risk that the Chinese government may intervene or influence our operations at any time.

However, because we conduct only limited operations in China with only 27 employees focused on these matters, we do not expect that such intervention or influence would result in a material change in our operations and/or the value of our securities, although in such circumstance, we might experience a disruption in our ability to develop and source product manufacturing within China, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations. We also understand that the Chinese government has recently made statements indicating an intent to exert more oversight and control over offerings that are conducted by foreign investment China based issuers. While we are not a China based

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issuer, in such instance, we may still be unable to offer securities in China, which could limit the number of buyers of our securities and cause our securities to trade at a lower price than they would in the absence of the exercise of such oversight and control. If we inadvertently conclude that such approvals are not required, or applicable laws, regulations or interpretations change and we do not receive or maintain such approvals in the future, we may be subject to an investigation by regulators, fines or penalties or an order preventing us from offering securities in China in the future.

Competitive Risks

We could lose market share if we do not maintain our strong brands, develop innovative products or respond to changing purchasing practices and consumer preferences or if our reputation is damaged.

Our competitive advantage is due, in part, to our ability to maintain our strong brands and to develop and introduce innovative new and improved products. Our initiatives to invest in brand building, brand awareness and product innovation may not be successful. The uncertainties associated with developing and introducing innovative and improved products, such as gauging changing consumer demands and preferences and successfully developing, manufacturing, marketing and selling these products, may impact the success of our product introductions. If the products we introduce do not gain widespread acceptance or if our competitors improve their products more rapidly or effectively than we do, we could lose market share or be required to reduce our prices, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial position.

In recent years, consumer purchasing practices and preferences have shifted and our customers’ business models and strategies have changed. As our customers execute their strategies to reach end consumers through multiple channels, they rely on us to support their efforts with our infrastructure, including maintaining robust and user-friendly websites with sufficient content for consumer research and providing comprehensive supply chain solutions and differentiated product development. If we are unable to successfully provide this support to our customers or if our customers are unable to successfully execute their strategies, our brands may lose market share.

If we do not timely and effectively identify and respond to changing consumer preferences, including a continued shift in consumer purchasing practices toward e-commerce, our relationships with our customers and with consumers could be harmed, the demand for our brands and products could be reduced and our results of operations and financial position could be materially and adversely affected.

We face significant competition and operate in an evolving competitive landscape.

Our products face significant competition. We believe that brand reputation is an important factor affecting product selection and that we compete on the basis of product features, innovation, quality, customer service, warranty and price. We sell many of our products through home center retailers, online retailers, distributors and independent dealers and rely on these customers to market and promote our products to consumers. Our success with our customers is dependent on our ability to provide quality products and timely delivery. In addition, home center retailers, which have historically concentrated their sales efforts on retail consumers and remodelers, are selling directly to professional contractors and installers, which may adversely affect our margins on our products that contractors and installers would otherwise buy through our dealers and wholesalers.

Certain of our customers are selling products sourced from low-cost foreign manufacturers under their own private label brands, which directly compete with our brands. As this trend continues, we may experience lower demand for our products or a shift in the mix of some products we sell toward more value-priced or opening price point products, which may affect our profitability.

In addition, we face competitive pricing pressure in the marketplace, including sales promotion programs, that could affect our market share or result in price reductions, which could materially and adversely impact our results of operations and financial position.

Further, the growing e-commerce channel brings an increased number of competitors and greater pricing transparency for consumers, as well as conflicts between our existing distribution channels and a need for different

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distribution methods. These factors could affect our results of operations and financial position. In addition, our relationships with our customers, including our home center customers, may be affected if we increase the amount of business we transact in the e-commerce channel.

Our failure to develop new products or respond to changing consumer preferences and purchasing practices could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

We operate in an industry that is subject to changing consumer trends, demands and preferences. The uncertainties associated with developing and introducing new products, such as gauging changing consumer preferences and successfully developing, manufacturing, marketing and selling new products, could lead to, among other things, rejection of a new product line, reduced demand and price reductions for our products. If our products do not keep up with consumer trends, demands and preference, we could lose market share, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. Moreover, the role of technology is changing rapidly in our industry. We are in the process of introducing certain customer-facing tools powered by artificial intelligence (“AI”) to help promote our product offerings. If these AI products do not work as intended, or if our competitors are better able to effectively integrate these new technologies into their offerings, our competitive position may suffer.

Changes in Cayman Islands or U.S. tax law could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

The rules dealing with Cayman Islands and U.S. federal, state, and local income taxation are constantly under review by persons involved in the legislative process and by the Internal Revenue Service and the U.S. Treasury Department, as well as the regulators in the Cayman Islands. Changes to tax laws (which changes may have retroactive application) could adversely affect us or holders of our securities. In recent years, many such changes have been made and changes are likely to continue to occur in the future. Future changes in Cayman Islands or U.S. tax laws could have a material adverse effect on our business, cash flow, financial condition or results of operations. We urge investors to consult with their legal and tax advisors regarding the implications of potential changes in Cayman Islands or U.S. tax laws on an investment in our securities.

The loss of certain members of our management may have an adverse effect on our operating results.

Our success will depend, in part, on the efforts of our senior management and other key employees. These individuals possess sales, marketing, engineering, manufacturing, financial and administrative skills and know-how that are critical to the operation of our business. If we lose or suffer an extended interruption in the services of one or more of our senior officers or other key employees, our financial condition and results of operations may be negatively affected. Moreover, the pool of qualified individuals may be highly competitive, and we may not be able to attract and retain qualified personnel to replace or succeed members of our senior management or other key employees, should the need arise. The loss of the services of any key personnel, or our inability to hire new personnel with the requisite skills, could impair our ability to develop new products or enhance existing products, sell products to our customers or manage our business effectively.

Technology and Intellectual Property Risks

We have been and may continue to be subject to cybersecurity attacks, which could adversely affect our results of operations and financial position.

Global cybersecurity vulnerabilities, threats and more frequent, sophisticated and targeted attacks pose a risk to our information technology systems and to critical third-party information technology platforms we utilize. We have implemented security policies, processes and layers of defense designed to help identify and protect against misappropriation or corruption of our systems and information and disruption of our operations. Despite these efforts, systems we utilize have been and may in the future be damaged, disrupted, ransomed or shut down due to cybersecurity

attacks by unauthorized access, malware, ransomware, undetected intrusion, hardware failures, or other events, and in these circumstances our disaster recovery plans may be ineffective or inadequate. These attacks have led and could in the future lead to business interruption, production or operational downtime, product shipment delays, exposure or loss of proprietary confidential or financial information or the personal information of our employees, suppliers, customers or

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consumers, data corruption, an inability to report our financial results in a timely manner, damage to the reputation of our brands, damage to our relationships with our employees, suppliers, customers and consumers, exposure to litigation, and increased costs associated with the remediation and mitigation of such attacks. In addition, we could be adversely affected if any of our significant customers, suppliers or service providers experiences any similar events that disrupt their business operations or damage their reputation. Such events could adversely affect our results of operations and financial position.

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We rely on information systems and technologies, and a breakdown of these systems could adversely affect our results of operations and financial position.

We rely on many information systems and technologies to process, transmit, store and manage information to support our business activities, including new AI capabilities. We may be adversely affected if our information systems breakdown, fail, or are no longer supported or if our AI capabilities do not function as intended. In addition to the consequences that may occur from interruptions in our systems, global cybersecurity vulnerabilities, threats and more sophisticated and targeted attacks pose a risk to our information technology systems.

We have implemented security policies, processes and layers of defense designed to help identify and protect against intentional and unintentional misappropriation or corruption of our systems and information and disruption of our operations. Despite these efforts, our systems may in the future be damaged, disrupted, or shut down due to cybersecurity attacks by unauthorized access, malware, ransomware, undetected intrusion, hardware failures, or other events, and in these circumstances our disaster recovery plans may be ineffective or inadequate. In addition, the rapid evolution and increased adoption of new technologies, such as artificial intelligence, may intensify our cybersecurity risks. These breaches or intrusions could in the future lead to business interruption, production or operational downtime, product shipment delays, exposure or loss of proprietary, confidential, personal or financial information, data corruption, an inability to report our financial results in a timely manner, damage to the reputation of our brands, damage to our relationships with our customers and suppliers, exposure to litigation, and increased costs associated with the remediation and mitigation of such attacks. Such events could adversely affect our results of operations and financial position. In addition, we could be adversely affected if any of our significant customers or suppliers experiences any similar events that disrupt their business operations or damage their reputation.

We may not be able to adequately protect or prevent the unauthorized use of our intellectual property.

Protecting our intellectual property is important to our growth and innovation efforts. We own a number of patents, trade names, brand names and other forms of intellectual property in our products and manufacturing processes throughout the world. There can be no assurance that our efforts to protect our intellectual property rights will prevent violations. Our intellectual property may be challenged or infringed upon by third parties, particularly in countries where property rights are not highly developed or protected. In addition, the global nature of our business increases the risk that we may be unable to obtain or maintain our intellectual property rights on reasonable terms. Furthermore, others may assert intellectual property infringement claims against us. Current and former employees, contractors, customers or suppliers have or may have had access to proprietary or confidential information regarding our business operations that could harm us if used by them, or disclosed to others, including our competitors. Protecting and defending our intellectual property could be costly, time consuming and require significant resources. If we are not able to protect our existing intellectual property rights, or prevent unauthorized use of our intellectual property, sales of our products may be affected and we may experience reputational damage to our brand names, increased litigation costs and adverse impact to our competitive position, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial position.

Litigation and Regulatory Risks

We are currently involved in legal proceedings and may in the future be a party to additional claims and litigation, which could be costly and divert significant resources.

As noted in Part 1, Item 3, FGI USA, our wholly-owned subsidiary, has been involved in efforts to recover damages from Ayers Bath (USA) Corporation and Tangshan Ayers arising from the Company’s efforts to protect an exclusivity

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agreement with Huida. These proceedings, including the current actions in the bankruptcy court, against Ayers Bath (USA) have been pending for over ten years. We may, from time to time, be involved in various other claims and litigation, including class actions, mass torts and regulatory proceedings, that arise in the ordinary course of our business and that could have a material adverse effect on us. The types of matters may include, among others: competition, product liability, employment, warranty, advertising, contract, personal injury, environmental, intellectual property, product compliance and insurance coverage. The outcome and effect of these matters are inherently unpredictable, and defending and resolving them can be costly and can divert management’s attention. We have and may continue to incur significant costs as a result of claims and litigation.

We are also subject to product safety regulations, product recalls and direct claims for product liability that can result in significant costs and, regardless of the ultimate outcome, create adverse publicity and damage the reputation of our brands and business. Also, we rely on other manufacturers to provide products or components for products that we sell. Due to the difficulty of controlling the quality of products and components we source from other manufacturers, we are exposed to risks relating to the quality of such products and to limitations on our recourse against such suppliers.

We maintain insurance against some, but not all, of the risks of loss resulting from claims and litigation. The levels of insurance we maintain may not be adequate to fully cover our losses or liabilities. If any significant accident, judgment, claim or other event is not fully insured or indemnified against, it could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial position.

For more information about our current legal proceedings, refer to the section of this Annual Report on Form 10-K entitled “Legal Proceedings.”

Compliance with laws, government regulation and industry standards is costly, and our failure to comply could adversely affect our results of operations and financial position.

We are subject to a wide variety of federal, state, local and foreign laws and regulations pertaining to:

The regulatory environment surrounding data privacy and protection is constantly evolving and can be subject to significant change. New data protection laws, including recent California legislation and regulation which affords California consumers an array of new rights, including the right to be informed about what kinds of personal data companies have collected and why it was collected, or increased oversight by the CAC in China, pose increasingly complex compliance challenges and potentially elevate our costs. Complying with varying jurisdictional requirements

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could increase the costs and complexity of compliance, and violations of applicable data protection laws could result in significant penalties. Any failure, or perceived failure, by us to comply with applicable data protection laws could result in proceedings or actions brought against us by governmental entities or others, subject us to significant fines, penalties, judgments and negative publicity, require us to change our business practices, increase the costs and complexity of compliance, and adversely affect our business.

In addition to complying with current requirements and known future requirements, even more stringent requirements could be imposed on us in the future.

As we sell new types of products or existing products in new geographic areas or channels or for new applications, we are subject to the legal requirements applicable to those products or geographic areas. Additionally, some of our products must be certified by industry organizations. Compliance with new or changed laws, regulations and industry standards may require us to alter our product designs, our manufacturing processes, our packaging or our sourcing. These compliance activities are costly and require significant management attention and resources. If we do not effectively and timely comply with such regulations and industry standards, our results of operations and financial position could be materially and adversely affected.

Our failure to maintain acceptable quality standards could result in significant unexpected costs.

Any failure to maintain acceptable quality standards could require us to recall or redesign such products, or pay substantial damages in litigation, any of which would result in significant unexpected costs. We may also have difficulty controlling the quality of products or components sourced from manufacturers, so we are exposed to risks relating to the quality of such products and to limitations on our recourse against such suppliers. Further, any claim or product recall could result in adverse publicity against us, which could decrease our credibility, harm our reputation, adversely affect our sales, or increase our costs. Defects in our products could also result in decreased orders or sales to our customers, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Unauthorized disclosure of confidential information provided to us by customers, employees or third parties could harm our business.

We rely on the Internet and other electronic methods to transmit confidential information and store confidential information on our networks. Any disclosure of confidential information provided by, or concerning, our employees, customers or other third parties, including through inadvertent disclosure, unapproved dissemination, or unauthorized access, our reputation could be harmed and we could be subject to civil or criminal liability and regulatory actions could require us to comply with various breach notification laws and may expose us to litigation, remediation and investigation costs, increased costs for security measures, loss of revenue, damage to our reputation, and potential liability.

We are subject to anti-corruption, anti-bribery, anti-money laundering, financial and economic sanctions and similar laws, and non-compliance with such laws can subject us to administrative, civil and criminal fines and penalties, collateral consequences, remedial measures and legal expenses, all of which could adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition and reputation.

We are subject to anti-corruption, anti-bribery, anti-money laundering, financial and economic sanctions and similar laws and regulations in various jurisdictions in which we conduct or in the future may conduct activities, including the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (“FCPA”) and other anti-corruption laws and regulations. The FCPA prohibits us and our officers, directors, employees and business partners acting on our behalf, including agents, from corruptly offering, promising, authorizing or providing anything of value to a “foreign official” for the purposes of influencing official decisions or obtaining or retaining business or otherwise obtaining favorable treatment. The FCPA also requires companies to make and keep books, records and accounts that accurately reflect transactions and dispositions of assets and to maintain a system of adequate internal accounting controls. A violation of these laws or regulations could adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition and reputation. Our policies and procedures designed to ensure compliance with these regulations may not be sufficient and our directors, officers, employees, representatives, consultants, agents, and business partners could engage in improper conduct for which we may be held responsible.

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Non-compliance with anti-corruption, anti-bribery, anti-money laundering or financial and economic sanctions laws could subject us to whistleblower complaints, adverse media coverage, investigations, and severe administrative, civil and criminal sanctions, collateral consequences, remedial measures and legal expenses, all of which could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition and reputation. In addition, changes in economic sanctions laws in the future could adversely impact our business and investments in our shares.

Our business could be affected by unexpected changes in U.S. and international regulatory standards and laws.

We market and sell our products in the United States, Canada and Europe. We also source and manufacture a majority of our products in Asia. As such, we and our manufacturing partners are subject to the normal risks of doing business abroad. Unexpected changes in government and industry regulatory standards, including labor, environmental and taxation laws, and export and import restrictions could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial position. Moreover, the failure of our manufacturing partners to comply with such regulations could affect our supply arrangements and materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial position.

Risks Related to Our Securities

Foremost Groups Ltd. holds a significant majority of the voting power of our ordinary shares, approximately 72%, and will be able to exert significant control over us.

Foremost holds ordinary shares that represent approximately 72% of all outstanding voting power, and, as such, may significantly influence the results of matters voted on by our shareholders and could effectively control many other major decisions regarding our operations, capital allocation priorities and corporate governance. In addition, we are reliant upon Foremost for manufacturing and other support. Mr. Liang Chou Chen holds approximately 49.89% of the voting control of Foremost. The interests of Foremost, particularly with respect to change-in-control transactions and election of directors, may conflict with those of our company and/or our shareholders, and Foremost may not always act in the best interest of our company. This significant concentration of share ownership and reliance for support may adversely affect the trading price for our securities because investors may perceive disadvantages in owning shares in companies with controlling shareholders.

The price of our ordinary shares may be volatile.

The market price of our ordinary shares is likely to be highly volatile and may fluctuate substantially due to many factors, including:

In recent years, the stock markets generally have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of those companies, including as a result of disruptions and dislocations arising out of the COVID-19 pandemic. Broad market and industry factors may significantly affect the

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market price of our ordinary shares, regardless of our actual operating performance. Due to these risks and the other risks described in this report, investors could lose their entire investment in our company.

In addition, in the past, class action litigation has often been instituted against companies whose securities have experienced periods of volatility in market price. Securities litigation brought against us following volatility in our share price, regardless of the merit or ultimate results of such litigation, could result in substantial costs, which would have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and operating results and divert management’s attention and resources from our business.

Provisions of the currently outstanding warrants could discourage an acquisition of us by a third party.

In addition to the provisions of our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association discussed below, certain provisions of the currently outstanding warrants could make it more difficult or expensive for a third party to acquire us. The warrants prohibit us from engaging in certain transactions constituting “fundamental transactions” unless, among other things, the surviving entity assumes our obligations under the warrants.

We do not intend to pay dividends on our ordinary shares.

We currently anticipate that we will retain future earnings for the development, operation and expansion of our business and do not anticipate declaring or paying any cash dividends for the foreseeable future. Any future determination to declare dividends will be made at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on, among other factors, our financial condition, operating results, capital requirements, general business conditions and other factors that our board of directors may deem relevant. Any return to shareholders will therefore be limited to the appreciation in the value of their shares, if any.

If we sell ordinary or preference shares in future financings, shareholders may experience immediate dilution and, as a result, our share price may decline.

We may from time-to-time issue additional preference shares or ordinary shares at a discount from the current trading price of our ordinary shares. As a result, our shareholders would experience immediate dilution upon the purchase of any shares sold at such discount. In addition, as opportunities present themselves, we may enter into financing or similar arrangements in the future, including the issuance of debt securities, preference shares or ordinary shares. If we issue ordinary shares or securities convertible into ordinary shares, our ordinary shareholders would experience additional dilution and, as a result, our share price may decline.

We are an emerging growth company and a smaller reporting company within the meaning of the Securities Act, and if we take advantage of certain exemptions from disclosure requirements available to “emerging growth companies” or “smaller reporting companies,” this could make our securities less attractive to investors and may make it more difficult to compare our performance with other public companies.

We are an “emerging growth company” within the meaning of the Securities Act, as modified by the JOBS Act, and we are eligible to take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not “emerging growth companies” including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and shareholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. As a result, our shareholders may not have access to certain information they may deem important. We could be an emerging growth company for up to five years, although circumstances could cause us to lose that status earlier, including if the market value of our ordinary shares held by non-affiliates equals or exceeds $700 million as of the last business day of any second fiscal quarter before that time, in which case we would no longer be an emerging growth company as of the end of such fiscal year. We cannot predict whether investors would find our securities less attractive in the event that we rely on these exemptions. If some investors find our securities less attractive as a result of our reliance on these exemptions, the trading prices of our securities may be lower than they otherwise

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would be, there may be a less active trading market for our securities and the trading prices of our securities may be more volatile.

Further, Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that a company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies but any such an election to opt out is irrevocable. We have elected not to opt out of such extended transition period which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, we, as an emerging growth company, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. This may make comparison of our financial statements with another public company which is neither an emerging growth company nor an emerging growth company which has opted out of using the extended transition period difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.

Additionally, we are a “smaller reporting company” as defined in Item 10(f)(1) of Regulation S-K. Smaller reporting companies may take advantage of certain reduced disclosure obligations, including, among other things, providing only two years of audited financial statements. We will remain a smaller reporting company until the last day of the fiscal year in which (1) the market value of our ordinary shares held by non-affiliates exceeds $250 million as of the last business day of that year’s second fiscal quarter, or (2) our annual revenues exceeded $100 million during such completed fiscal year and the market value of our ordinary shares held by non-affiliates equals or exceeds $700 million as of the last business day of that year’s second fiscal quarter. To the extent we take advantage of such reduced disclosure obligations, it may also make comparison of our financial statements with other public companies difficult or impossible.

Because we are incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands, you may face difficulties in protecting your interests, and your ability to protect your rights through the U.S. federal courts may be limited.

We are an exempted company incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands. As a result, it may be difficult for investors to effect service of process within the United States upon our directors or officers, or enforce judgments obtained in the United States courts against our directors or officers.

Our corporate affairs are governed by our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association, the Companies Act (as the same may be supplemented or amended from time to time) and the common law of the Cayman Islands. We are also subject to the federal securities laws of the United States. The rights of shareholders to take action against the directors, actions by minority shareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors to us under Cayman Islands law are to a large extent governed by the common law of the Cayman Islands. The common law of the Cayman Islands is derived in part from comparatively limited judicial precedent in the Cayman Islands as well as from English common law, the decisions of whose courts are of persuasive authority, but are not binding on a court in the Cayman Islands. The rights of our shareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors under Cayman Islands law are different from what they would be under statutes or judicial precedent in some jurisdictions in the United States. In particular, the Cayman Islands has a different body of securities laws as compared to the United States, and certain states, such as Delaware, may have more fully developed and judicially interpreted bodies of corporate law. In addition, Cayman Islands companies may not have standing to initiate a shareholders derivative action in a Federal court of the United States.

We have been advised by Travers Thorp Alberga, our Cayman Islands legal counsel, that the courts of the Cayman Islands are unlikely (i) to recognize or enforce against us judgments of courts of the United States predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the federal securities laws of the United States or any state; and (ii) in original actions brought in the Cayman Islands, to impose liabilities against us predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the federal securities laws of the United States or any state, so far as the liabilities imposed by those provisions are penal in nature. Although there is no statutory enforcement in the Cayman Islands of judgments obtained in the United States, the courts of the Cayman Islands will recognize and enforce a foreign money judgment of a foreign court of competent jurisdiction without retrial on the merits based on the principle that a judgment of a competent foreign court imposes upon the

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judgment debtor an obligation to pay the sum for which judgment has been given provided certain conditions are met. For a foreign judgment to be enforced in the Cayman Islands, such judgment must be final and conclusive and for a liquidated sum, and must not be in respect of taxes or a fine or penalty, inconsistent with a Cayman Islands judgment in respect of the same matter, impeachable on the grounds of fraud or obtained in a manner, or be of a kind the enforcement of which is, contrary to natural justice or the public policy of the Cayman Islands (awards of punitive or multiple damages may well be held to be contrary to public policy). A Cayman Islands Court may stay enforcement proceedings if concurrent proceedings are being brought elsewhere.

As a result of all of the above, public shareholders may have more difficulty in protecting their interests in the face of actions taken by management, members of the board of directors or controlling shareholders than they would as public shareholders of a United States company.

Provisions in our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association may inhibit a takeover of us, which could limit the price investors might be willing to pay in the future for our ordinary shares and could entrench management.

Our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association contain provisions that may discourage unsolicited takeover proposals that shareholders may consider to be in their best interests. These provisions will include a staggered board of directors, the ability of the board of directors to designate the terms of, and issue, new series of preference shares, which may make more difficult the removal of management and may discourage transactions that otherwise could involve payment of a premium over prevailing market prices for our securities.

General Risk Factors

Management’s determination that a material weakness exists in our internal controls over financial reporting could have a material adverse impact on our ability to produce timely and accurate financial statements and could negatively impact our business and the market for our ordinary shares.

The process of designing and implementing an effective accounting and financial reporting system is a continuous effort that requires us to anticipate and react to changes in our business and the economic and regulatory environments and to expend significant resources to maintain an accounting and financial reporting system that is adequate to satisfy our reporting obligations. Based upon an evaluation conducted in connection with the preparation of FGI’s audited consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2023, management concluded that our internal controls over financial reporting were not effective due to the material weakness in our internal controls over financial reporting. The material weakness that has been identified represents an inadequate segregation of duties related to certain accounting functions due to the size of the Company’s subsidiaries. In addition, the Company lacks evidence of management review controls activity taking place, such as but not limited to, the review and approval of journal entries and account reconciliations. We believe that the material weakness set forth above did not have an effect on our financial results.

We are evaluating and beginning to implement certain practices and procedures to address the foregoing material weaknesses with plans to complete the remediation of the foregoing deficiencies in the future. We continue to identify and implement actions to improve the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures, but there can be no assurance that such remediation efforts will be successful. We also expect to continue to incur or expend, substantial accounting and other expenses and significant management time and resources. Our future assessment, or the future assessment by our independent registered public accounting firm, may reveal additional material weaknesses in our internal controls. Failure to remediate a material weakness or the discovery of any future potential material weaknesses, could result in future misstatements in our financial statements or in documents we file with the SEC and could have a negative impact on our business and the market for our ordinary shares. For more information on our material weaknesses and the status of our remediation efforts, see Item 9A - Controls and Procedures, which includes Management’s Report on Internal Controls Over Financial Reporting.

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We expect to incur significant additional costs as a result of being a public company.

We expect to incur costs associated with corporate governance requirements that are now applicable to us as a public company, including rules and regulations of the SEC, under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010, and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, as well as the rules of Nasdaq. These rules and regulations are expected to significantly increase our accounting, legal and financial compliance costs and make some activities more time-consuming. We also expect these rules and regulations to make it more expensive for us to maintain directors’ and officers’ liability insurance. As a result, it may be more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified persons to serve on our board of directors or as executive officers. Accordingly, increases in costs incurred as a result of becoming a publicly traded company may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our disclosure controls and procedures may not prevent or detect all errors or acts of fraud.

We are subject to the periodic reporting requirements of the Exchange Act. We designed our disclosure controls and procedures to provide reasonable assurance that information we must disclose in reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management, and recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC. We believe that any disclosure controls and procedures, no matter how well those controls and procedures are conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty, and that breakdowns can occur because of simple error or mistake. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people or by an unauthorized override of the controls. Accordingly, because of the inherent limitations in our control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.

We are at risk of securities class action litigation.

In the past, securities class action litigation has often been brought against a company following a decline in the market price of its securities. If we face such litigation, it could result in substantial costs and a diversion of management’s attention and resources, which may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, our share price and trading volume could decline.

If a trading market for our ordinary shares or warrants develops, the trading market will be influenced to some extent by the research and reports that industry or financial analysts publish about us and our business. We do not control these analysts. As a newly public company, we may be slow to attract research coverage and the analysts who publish information about our ordinary shares or warrants will have had relatively little experience with us or our business and products, which could affect their ability to accurately forecast our results and could make it more likely that we fail to meet their estimates. In the event we obtain securities or industry analyst coverage, if any of the analysts who cover us provide inaccurate or unfavorable research or issue an adverse opinion regarding our ordinary share price, our ordinary share price could decline. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of us or fail to publish reports covering us regularly, we could lose visibility in the market, which in turn could cause our share price or trading volume to decline and result in the loss of all or a part of your investment in us.

ITEM 1B.UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

We are a smaller reporting company as defined in Regulation S-K and are not required to provide the information under this item.

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ITEM 1C.CYBERSECURITY

Cybersecurity is an important part of our risk management program for our Board and management. The Company maintains a robust cybersecurity infrastructure to safeguard our operations, networks and data through directory-based identity-related services for operation account security, firewall policies and periodical vulnerability threat scanning for network security and email-layer and endpoint-layer protections for data integrity on systems and user devices.

The Company’s Director of IT is responsible for assessing, identifying, and managing the risks from cybersecurity threats. Our Director of IT has over 15 years of experience in information security positions and holds Master’s degree in computer information systems. We also have constituted a cross-functional Cybersecurity Committee, comprised of Chairman, CFO, Management of Business Operations and Human Resources, which meets regularly to review enterprise-wide cybersecurity matters.

Our Board of Directors oversees management's approach to managing cybersecurity risks. The Board of Directors is charged with overseeing the Company’s risk management program, which includes cybersecurity matters. The Board of Directors routinely engages with relevant management on a range of cybersecurity-related topics, including the threat of environment and vulnerability assessments and policies and practices and receives updates on technology trends and regulatory developments from the Director of IT periodically.

We use a risk-based approach to identify, assess, protect, detect, respond to and recover from cybersecurity threats, derived from COSO framework. Our information security program includes, among other aspects, vulnerability management, antivirus and malware protection, access control, and employee training. Risks identified by the Director of IT and other cybersecurity personnel are analyzed to determine the potential impact on us and the likelihood of occurrence. Such risks are continuously monitored to ensure that the circumstances and severity of such risks have not changed. The Director of IT also routinely discusses trends in cyber risks and our strategy with our Cybersecurity Committee and management on a regular basis, in addition to an annual review and discussion with the full board.

In addition, we endeavor to apprise employees of emerging risks and require them to undergo bi-annual security awareness trainings and supplemental trainings as needed. Additionally, we conduct periodic internal exercises to gauge the effectiveness of the trainings and assess the need for additional training.

Material cybersecurity incidents are required to be reported to the Board of Directors. As of the date of this report, we are not aware of any risks from cybersecurity threats that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect our business strategy, results of operations, or financial condition.

ITEM 2.PROPERTIES

Our headquarters and a warehouse facility are located in East Hanover, New Jersey. We also operate production and warehouse facilities in Hobart, Indiana, Sacramento, California and Toronto, Canada. We also conduct our European operations from a facility in Dusseldorf, Germany and our Asian operations from a purchase center in Tangshan, China and a global support center in Taipei, Taiwan. Moreover, we own a manufacturing facility just outside of Sihanoukville, Cambodia. All properties, except for the Sihanoukville facility, are leased. We believe that our properties are in good operating condition and adequately serve our current business operations. We also anticipate that suitable additional or alternative space, including those under lease options, will be available at commercially reasonable terms for future expansion, which we intend to evaluate on an ongoing basis in tandem with our “BPC” growth strategy.

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ITEM 3.LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

We may be subject to legal proceedings and claims in the ordinary course of business. We cannot predict the results of any such disputes, and despite the potential outcomes, the existence thereof may have an adverse material impact on us due to diversion of management time and attention as well as the financial costs related to resolving such disputes.

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Ayers Bath Litigation

FGI Industries (formerly known as Foremost Groups, Inc.) (“FGI USA”), our wholly-owned subsidiary, is currently involved in litigation arising from its efforts to protect an exclusivity agreement with sanitaryware manufacturer Tangshan Huida Ceramic Group Co., Ltd. (“Huida”). In 2011, FGI USA filed a complaint against Ayers Bath (USA) Corporation (“Ayers Bath”) in the United States District Court for the Central District of California (the “District Court”) and succeeded in obtaining an injunction barring Ayers Bath from selling, distributing or offering for sale Huida parts and products in the United States and Canada. As a result, Ayers Bath ceased all business activity.

Ayers Bath filed a voluntary chapter 7 petition in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Central District of California (the “Bankruptcy Court”) on March 22, 2013. FGI USA filed a proof of claim in the Ayers Bath bankruptcy case for an amount not less than $5,265,000, which was deemed allowed, but due to Ayers Bath’s lack of assets, FGI USA only received a distribution of $7,757.24. On January 9, 2014, FGI USA filed a complaint in the District Court against Tangshan Ayers, as Ayers Bath’s alter ego, to recover the balance of its damages. The District Court ultimately referred the litigation to the Bankruptcy Court, whereby FGI USA filed a motion in Bankruptcy Court to add Tangshan Ayers as judgment debtor, thereby allowing FGI USA to recover its proof of claim. A hearing for the motion to add Tangshan Ayers as judgment debtor was held on June 7, 2021. On September 22, 2021, the Bankruptcy Court issued a report and recommendation to the District Court recommending that it deny FGI USA’s motion to amend the judgment. We filed an objection to the report in October 2021, which was overruled by the Bankruptcy Court in September 2022, but the District Court allowed FGI USA to amend its complaint, which was filed in June 2023. Huida moved to compel arbitration under the amended complaint in June 2023. FGI USA opposed the motion to compel arbitration and in February 2024, the District Court denied that motion.

ITEM 4.MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

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PART II

Public market for our ordinary shares

Our ordinary shares have been traded on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “FGI” since January 27, 2022. Our warrant agent is Continental Stock and Transfer and Trust Company.

Holders; Shares Outstanding

We had a total of 9,547,607 shares of our ordinary shares outstanding on March 20, 2024, held by approximately 2 shareholders of record. The actual number of shareholders is greater than this number of record holders, and includes shareholders who are beneficial owners, but whose shares are held in “street name” by brokers and other nominees.

Dividend Policy

We have never paid any cash dividends on our ordinary shares and do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on our ordinary shares in the foreseeable future. We intend to retain future earnings to fund ongoing operations and future capital requirements. Any future determination to pay cash dividends will be at the discretion of our Board and will be dependent upon financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements and such other factors as our Board deems relevant. Further, in the event that we issue any shares of a class or series of our preference shares, the designation of such class or series could limit our ability to pay dividends on our ordinary shares.

Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plan

Reference is made to the information in Item 12 of this report under the caption “Equity Compensation Plans,” which is incorporated herein by this reference.

Share Repurchases

During the twelve months ended December 31, 2023, we did not repurchase any ordinary shares.

ITEM 6.[RESERVED]

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The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. In addition to historical financial information, this discussion and analysis and other parts of this Annual Report on Form 10-K contain forward-looking statements based upon current beliefs, plans and expectations that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Our actual results and the timing of selected events could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of several factors, including those set forth under “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. You should carefully read the “Risk Factors” section of this Annual Report on Form 10-K to gain an understanding of the important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from our forward-looking statements.

Overview

FGI is a global supplier of kitchen and bath products. Over the course of 30 years, we have built an industry-wide reputation for product innovation, quality, and excellent customer service. We are currently focused on the following product categories: sanitaryware (primarily toilets, sinks, pedestals and toilet seats), bath furniture (vanities, mirrors and cabinets), shower systems, customer kitchen cabinetry and other accessory items. These products are sold primarily for R&R activity and, to a lesser extent, new home or commercial construction. We sell our products through numerous partners, including mass retail centers, wholesale and commercial distributors, online retailers and specialty stores.

Consistent with our long-term strategic plan, we intend to drive value creation for our shareholders through a balanced focus on product innovation, organic growth, and efficient capital deployment. The following initiatives represent key strategic priorities for us:

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We were incorporated in the Cayman Islands on May 26, 2021 in connection with a reorganization (the “Reorganization”) of our parent company, Foremost Groups Ltd. (“Foremost”), and its affiliates, pursuant to which, among other actions, Foremost contributed all of its equity interests in FGI Industries, Inc. (“FGI Industries”), FGI Europe Investment Limited, an entity formed in the British Virgin Islands, and FGI International, Limited, an entity formed under the laws of Hong Kong, each a wholly-owned subsidiary of Foremost, to the newly formed FGI Industries Ltd. Foremost was established in 1987 and has become a global leader in kitchen and bath design, indoor and outdoor furniture, food service equipment, and manufacturing. This discussion, and any financial information and results of operations discussed herein, refers to the assets, liabilities, revenue, expenses and cash flows that are directly attributable to the kitchen and bath business of Foremost before the completion of the Reorganization and are presented as if we had been in existence and the Reorganization had been in effect for the entirely of each of the periods presented.

Recent Trends

Due to changing market conditions, we are experiencing, and may continue to experience, lower market demand for certain of our products, particularly in our bath furniture category, as weak demand as customer destock and inventory corrections have had a negative impact on our net sales. As previously noted, we also began experiencing supply chain disruptions and inflationary pressures, which affected operating margins beginning in late 2022. However, we adopted several productivity and pricing measures to offset these headwinds and began to see resumed margin expansion in the second half of 2023. While the demand environment remains uneven with multiple industry forecasters predicting modest declines in home improvement spend in 2024, we expect to generate above-market growth.

Results of Operations

For the Years Ended December 31, 2023 and 2022

The following table summarizes the results of our operations for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and provides information regarding the dollar and percentage increase (decrease) during such periods.

(1) See “Non-GAAP Measures” below for more information on our use of these adjusted figures and a reconciliation of these financial measures to their closest GAAP comparators.

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Revenues

Our revenues decreased by $44.5 million, or 27.5%, to $117.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, from $161.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. The decrease in our revenues was primarily by declines in sanitaryware and bath furniture categories. Revenue categories by product are summarized as follows:

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We derive the majority of our revenues from sales of sanitaryware, which accounted for 64.4% and 64.8% of our total revenues for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Revenues generated from the sales of sanitaryware decreased by 27.9% to $75.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, from $104.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. The revenue decline was due to ongoing inventory de-stocking, primarily in the pro channel, and more muted demand trends. Sanitaryware revenue increased sequentially in the fourth quarter of 2023, the third consecutive quarter of sequential revenue gains, as the pro channel is showing signs of improvement and new customer programs are also beginning to benefit results.

Our revenues from bath furniture sales decreased by 50.0% to $14.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 from $29.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. Bath furniture sales accounted for 12.6% and 18.3% of our total revenue for 2023 and 2022, respectively as the bath furniture market continues to be impacted by macro headwinds and a trade-down to lower ticket products. Our product mix in bath furniture has been moved heavily focused on higher-end products, which, given the customer trade-downs, was more adversely impacted than other value-focused peers in the space. Based on the ongoing shift in customer demand to more value-priced offerings, we are launching product offerings in the mid-tier category to better address current demand and have already won several key customer awards featuring the new bath furniture.

Revenues from sales of Shower Systems decreased by 7.4% to $20.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 from $21.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. Shower systems make up approximately 17.1% and 13.3% of our total revenue for 2023 and 2022, respectively. However, our revenues from sales of Shower System have been increasing sequentially since the third quarter of 2023. Recently launched programs are gaining momentum, including the online shower door program with a large Canadian retailer and the shower wall systems roll-out at up to 300 locations of a large U.S. retailer with initial shipments that began in December 2023.

We also generate revenues from sales of Other products (custom kitchen cabinetry and others), which, in the aggregate, accounted for 5.9% and 3.6% of our total revenues for the years ended December 31 ,2023 and 2022. The increase in Other was primarily driven by strong volume growth of custom kitchen cabinetry sales to our expanding network of kitchen cabinetry dealers in the United States. Revenue benefited from continued dealer growth and new product launches. We remain on track to launch our new kitchen cabinetry initiative in the first half of 2024.

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We derive our revenues primarily from the United States, Canada and Europe. Revenue categories by geographic location are summarized as follows:

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We generated the majority of our revenues in the United States market, which amounted to $74.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, and $103.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, representing a 27.8% decrease. These revenues accounted for 63.6% and 63.8% of our total revenues for 2023 and 2022, respectively. The decreased in the U.S. market was primarily driven by volume weakness in the bath furniture as customers' de-stocking to adjust inventory level.

Our second largest market is Canada. Our revenues generated in the Canadian market were $31.1 million and $41.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, representing a 24.2% decrease. The decrease was primarily driven by volume weakness in both retail and wholesale markets.

We also derive a small portion of our revenue from Europe, which consists primarily of sales in Germany. This amounted to $11.5 million and $16.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, representing a 31.9% decrease. The decrease was attributable to decreased demand that was impacted by global supply chain interruptions and inflation issues.

Gross Profit

Gross profit was $32.1 million during year 2023, an increase of 1.8% compared to the prior year, as a result of pricing gains, a more favorable mix, and lower freight costs, despite volume weaknesses. Gross profit margin percentage improved to 27.4% during 2023, up 790 basis points from 19.5% in the prior year, as gross margins continue benefit from a shift in revenue mix towards higher-margin products, lower logistics costs, and the full benefit of pricing actions taken during 2022.

Operating Expenses

Selling and distribution expenses primarily consisted of personnel costs, marketing and promotion costs, commission, and freight and leasing charges. Our selling and distribution expenses increased by $2.4 million, or 13.9%, to $20.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, from $17.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. The increase was a result of participating more sales trade show events and promotions as pandemic restrictions were eased, which caused the increase in marketing, sample and travel related expenses, partially offset by lower commission, sales coop and shipping freight expenses impacted by sales volume loss.

General and administrative expenses primarily consisted of personnel costs, professional service fees, depreciation, travel, and office supply expenses. Our general and administrative expenses increased by $0.6 million, or 7.6%, to $8.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2022. The increase was primarily attributable to incremental public company costs and legal expenses.

Research and development expenses mainly consisted of personnel costs and product development costs. Our research and development activities remained stable and are relatively immaterial to our consolidated statements of income.

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Other Income (Expenses)

We incurred insignificant other income and expenses during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. Other income and expenses primarily include interest income and expenses, as well as miscellaneous non-operating income and expenses.

Other expenses, net increased by approximately $0.4 million or 66.2%, to $0.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, from $0.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. This increase was the result of higher interest expenses due to increases in applicable interest rates.

Provision for Income Taxes

We recorded income tax expense of $0.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, and $0.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. The decrease resulted from the decrease in our reported income before taxes of $2.8 million, or 54.7%.

Net Income

Our net income decreased by $3.1 million, or 84.3%, to $0.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, from $3.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. This decrease was a result of the combination of the changes discussed above.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our principal sources of liquidity are cash generated from operating activities and cash borrowed under credit facilities, which we believe provides sufficient liquidity to support our financing needs. As of December 31, 2023, we had cash and working capital of $7.8 million and $18.1 million, respectively. On January 27, 2022, we closed an underwritten public offering of 2.5 million units consisting of Ordinary Shares and warrants and received net proceeds, after commissions and expenses, of approximately $12.4 million.

We believe our revenues and operations will continue to grow and the current working capital is sufficient to support our operations and debt obligations well into the foreseeable future. However, we may need additional cash resources in the future if we experience changes in business conditions or other developments, such as rising interest rates, inflation and increased costs, and may also need additional cash resources in the future if we wish to pursue opportunities for investment, acquisition, strategic cooperation or other similar actions. For example, from time to time we may provide loans or other operational support to Foremost to assist Foremost in capital expenditures or other efforts related to the manufacturing services that Foremost provides to us, which could limit the assets available for other corporate purposes or require additional resources. If it is determined that the cash requirements exceed our amount of cash on hand, we may seek to issue debt or equity securities, and there can be no assurances that additional financing will be available on acceptable term, if at all.

As of December 31, 2023, FGI’s total outstanding debt is represented by a credit facility with East West Bank.

East West Bank Credit Facility

Our wholly owned subsidiary, FGI Industries (formerly named Foremost Groups, Inc.), has a line of credit agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) with East West Bank, which is collateralized by all assets of FGI Industries and personally guaranteed by Liang Chou Chen, who holds approximately 49.89% of the voting control of Foremost. On November 25, 2022, the line was extended, to a new maturity date of December 21, 2024, and the current amount of maximum borrowings is $18,000,000. This is an assets-based line of credit, the borrowing limit is calculated based on certain percentage of accounts receivable and inventory balances.

Pursuant to the Credit Agreement, FGI Industries is required to maintain (a) a debt coverage ratio (defined as earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization divided by current portion of long-term debt plus interest

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expense) of not less than 1.25 to 1, tested at the end of each fiscal quarter; (b) an effective tangible net worth (defined as total book net worth plus minority interest, less amounts due from officers, shareholders and affiliates, minus intangible assets and accumulated amortization, plus debt subordinated to East West Bank) of not less than $10,000,000 on consolidated basis; and (c) a total debt to tangible net worth ratio (defined as total liabilities divided by tangible net worth, which is defined as total book net worth plus minority interest, less loans to officers, shareholders, and affiliates minus intangible assets and accumulated amortization) not to exceed 4.0 to 1, tested at the end of each fiscal quarter, on consolidated basis. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, FGI Industries was in compliance with these financial covenants.

The loan bears interest at rate equal to, at the Company’s option, either (i) 0.25 percentage points less than the Prime Rate quoted by the Wall Street Journal or (ii) the SOFR Rate (as administered by CME Group Benchmark Administration Limited and displayed by Bloomberg LP) plus 2.20% per annum (in either case, subject to a minimum rate of 4.500% per annum). The interest rate as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 was 8.25% and 7.25%, respectively.

Each sum of borrowings under the Credit Agreement is deemed due on demand and is classified as a short-term loan. The outstanding balance of such loan was $6,959,175 and $9,795,052 as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

HSBC Canada Bank Loan

FGI Canada Ltd. has a line of credit agreement with HSBC Canada (the “Canadian Revolver”). The revolving line of credit with HSBC Canada allows for borrowing up to CAD $7,500,000 (US $5,662,087 as of the December 31, 2023 exchange rate). This is an assets-based line of credit, the borrowing limit is calculated based on certain percentage of accounts receivable and inventory balances. Pursuant to the Canadian Revolver, FGI Canada Ltd. is required to maintain (a) a debt to tangible net worth ratio of no more than 3.00 to 1.00; and (b) a ratio of current assets to current liabilities of at least 1.25 to 1.00. The loan bears interest at a rate of Prime rate plus 0.50%. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, FGI Canada Ltd. was in compliance with these financial covenants.

Borrowings under this line of credit amounts to $0 as of December 31, 2023 and 2022. The facility matures at the discretion of HSBC Canada upon 60 days notice.

CTBC Bank Credit Line

Subsequent to the year end, FGI International entered into an omnibus credit line (the “Credit Line”) with CTBC Bank Co., Ltd. (“CTBC”). Under the Credit Line, FGI International may borrow, from time to time, up to $2.3 million, with borrowings limited to 90% of FGI International’s export “open account” trade receivables. The Credit Line will bear interest at a rate of “Base Rate”, which is based on monthly or quarterly Taipei Interbank Offered in effect from time to time, plus 120 base points and handling fees, unless otherwise agreed to by the parties.

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Cash Flows

The following table summarizes the key components of our cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2023, and 2022.

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Operating Activities

Net cash provided by operating activities was approximately $1.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to $1.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. The increase was primarily attributable to a decrease in inventory of approximately $3.4 million, and non-cash items of approximately $2.7 million, a decrease in other noncurrent assets of approximately $0.9 million, an increase in accounts payable – related parties of approximately $0.6 million, and net income for the year of approximately $0.6 million. These drivers were partially offset by an increase in prepayments and other current assets of approximately $2.0 million, plus an increase in prepayments and other receivables - related parties of approximately $2.0 million, a decrease in operating lease liabilities of approximately $1.3 million, an increase in accounts receivable of approximately $1.1 million, and reversal of defective return of approximately $0.9 million.

Net cash provided by operating activities was approximately $1.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 which was primarily attributable to a decrease in accounts receivable of approximately $13.5 million, a decrease in inventories of approximately $8.0 million, and net income for the year of approximately $3.7 million, a decrease in other noncurrent assets of approximately $0.9 million, a decrease in right-of-used assets of approximately $0.9 million, an increase in accounts payable-related parties of approximately $0.1 million. These drivers were partially offset by a decrease in accounts payable of approximately $17.3 million, plus an increase in prepayments and other receivables - related parties of approximately $2.5 million, a decrease in accrued expenses and other current liabilities of approximately $1.9 million, a decrease in operating lease liabilities of approximately $1.4 million, a decrease in income taxes payable of approximately $1.2 million and an increase in prepayments, other current assets of approximately $1.0 million, and non-cash items of approximately $0.6 million.

Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities was approximately $0.9 million and $1.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. We purchased property and equipment of $0.8 million and intangible assets of $0.1 million in 2023, as compared to purchase of property and equipment of $1.1 million in 2022.

Financing Activities

Net cash used in financing activities was approximately $2.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, which represented the net repayments of revolving credit facility.

Net cash provided financing activities was approximately $7.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, which primarily represents the net proceeds from issuance of units in the IPO of $12.4 million and partially offset by repayment of bank loans of $4.9 million and a decrease of $0.5 million excess payment over carrying value resulted from long-lived assets acquisition from affiliate.

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Commitments and Contingencies

Capital Expenditures

Our capital expenditures were incurred primarily in connection with the acquisition of property and equipment. Our capital expenditures amounted to approximately $0.9 million and $1.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, and 2022, respectively. We do not expect to incur significant capital expenditures in the immediate future.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We have no off-balance sheet arrangements including arrangements that would affect our liquidity, capital resources, market risk support and credit risk support or other benefits.

Critical Accounting Policies

The consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of these consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis of making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. We have identified certain accounting policies that are significant to the preparation of the consolidated financial statements. These accounting policies are important for an understanding of our financial condition and results of operations. Critical accounting policies are those that are most important to the portrayal of our financial conditions and results of operations and require management’s difficult, subjective, or complex judgment, often as a result of the need to make estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain and may change in subsequent periods. Certain accounting estimates are particularly sensitive because of their significance to consolidated financial statements and because of the possibility that future events affecting the estimate may differ significantly from management’s current judgments. While our significant accounting policies are more fully described in Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this registration statement, we believe the following critical accounting policies involve the most significant estimates and judgments used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements.

Use of estimates and assumptions

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the periods presented. Significant accounting estimates reflected in our consolidated financial statements include the useful lives of property and equipment, allowance for credit losses, inventory reserve, accrued defective return, provision for contingent liabilities, revenue recognition, deferred taxes and uncertain tax position. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

Foreign currency translation and transaction

The functional currencies of our company and our subsidiaries are the local currency of the country in which the subsidiaries operate, except for FGI International which is incorporated in Hong Kong while adopting the United States Dollar (“U.S. Dollar” or “USD”) as its functional currency. The reporting currency of our company is the U.S. Dollar. Assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies at the balance sheet date are translated at the applicable rates of exchange in effect at that date. The equity denominated in the functional currencies is translated at the historical rates of exchange at the time of capital contributions. The results of operations and the cash flows denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the average rates of exchange during the reporting period. Because cash flows are translated based on the average translation rates, amounts related to assets and liabilities reported on the consolidated statements of cash flows will not necessarily agree with changes in the corresponding balances on the consolidated balance sheets. Translation adjustments arising from the use of different exchange rates from period to period are included as a separate

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component of accumulated other comprehensive income included in the consolidated statements of changes in parent’s net investment. Transaction gains and losses arise from exchange rate fluctuations on transactions denominated in a currency other than the functional currency in the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income.

For the purpose of presenting the financial statements of subsidiaries using the Renminbi (“RMB”) as functional currency, the Company’s assets and liabilities are expressed in U.S. Dollars at the exchange rate on the balance sheet date, which was 7.1006 and 6.9653 as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively; shareholders’ equity accounts are translated at historical rates, and income and expense items are translated at the average exchange rate during the period, which was 7.0945 and 6.7164 the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

For the purpose of presenting the financial statements of the subsidiary using the Canadian Dollar (“CAD”) as functional currency, the Company’s assets and liabilities are expressed in U.S. Dollars at the exchange rate on the balance sheet date, which was 1.3246 and 1.3541 as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively; shareholders’ equity accounts are translated at historical rates, and income and expense items are translated at the average exchange rate during the period, which was 1.3541 and 1.2945 for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

For the purpose of presenting the financial statements of the subsidiary using the Euro (“EUR”) as functional currency, the Company’s assets and liabilities are expressed in U.S. Dollars at the exchange rate on the balance sheet date, which was 0.9059 and 0.9338 as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively; shareholders’ equity accounts are translated at historical rates, and income and expense items are translated at the average exchange rate during the period, which was 0.9527 and 0.9474 for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Accounts receivable

Accounts receivables include trade accounts due from customers. In establishing the required allowance for credit losses, management considers historical collection experience, aging of the receivables, the economic environment, industry trend analysis, and the credit history and financial conditions of the customers. Management reviews its receivables on a regular basis to determine if the expected credit losses is adequate and adjusts the allowance when necessary. Delinquent account balances are written off against allowance for credit losses after management has determined that the likelihood of collection is not probable.

Inventories, net

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost consists of purchase price and related shipping and handling expenses, and is determined using the weighted average cost method, based on individual products. The methods of determining inventory costs are used consistently from year to year. A provision for slow-moving items is calculated based on historical experience. Management reviews this provision annually to assess whether, based on economic conditions, it is adequate.

Property and equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost net of accumulated depreciation and impairment. Depreciation is provided over the estimated useful lives of the assets using the straight-line method from the time the assets are placed in service. Estimated useful lives are as follows:

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Leases

We determine if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating leases are included in right-of-use assets (“ROU assets”), accrued expenses and operating lease liabilities — noncurrent on the consolidated balance sheets.

ROU assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the duration of the lease term while lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments in exchange for the right to use an underlying asset. ROU assets and lease liabilities are measured based on the present value of fixed lease payments over the lease term at the commencement date. The ROU asset also includes any lease payments made prior to the commencement date and initial direct costs incurred and is reduced by any lease incentives received. We review our ROU assets as events occur or circumstances change that would indicate the carrying amount of the ROU assets are not recoverable and exceed their fair values. If the carrying amount of the ROU asset is not recoverable from its undiscounted cash flows, then we would recognize an impairment loss for the difference between the carrying amount and the current fair value.

As most of our leases do not provide an implicit rate, we generally uses our incremental borrowing rate on the commencement date of the lease as the discount rate in determining the present value of future lease payments. We determine the incremental borrowing rate for each lease by using the incremental borrowing rate based on the estimated rate of interest for collateralized borrowing over a similar term of the lease payments at commencement date. Our lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when there are relevant economic incentives present that make it reasonably certain that we will exercise that option. We account for any non- lease components separately from lease components.

Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Fair Value Measurement

The accounting standard regarding fair value of financial instruments and related fair value measurements defines financial instruments and requires disclosure of the fair value of financial instruments held by us.

The accounting standards define fair value, establish a three-level valuation hierarchy for disclosures of fair value measurement and enhance disclosure requirements for fair value measures. The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are as follows:

Financial instruments included in current assets and current liabilities are reported in the consolidated balance sheets at face value or cost, which approximate fair value because of the short period of time between the origination of such instruments and their expected realization and their current market rates of interest.

Revenue recognition

We recognize revenue in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606 – Revenue from Contracts with Customer. Revenues are recognized when control of the promised goods or performance obligations for services is transferred to our customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for the goods or services.

We generate revenues from sales of kitchen and bath products and recognizes revenue as control of its products is transferred to its customers, which is generally at the time of shipment or upon delivery based on the contractual terms

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with our customers. Our customers’ payment terms generally range from 15 to 60 days of fulfilling its performance obligations and recognizing revenue.

We provide customer programs and incentive offerings, including co-operative marketing arrangements and volume-based incentives. These customer programs and incentives are considered variable considerations. We include in revenue variable considerations only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the variable consideration is resolved. This determination is made based upon known customer program and incentive offerings at the time of sale and expected sales volume forecasts as it relates to our volume- based incentives. This determination is updated on a monthly basis.

Certain product sales include a right of return. We estimate future product returns at the time of sale based on historical experience and record a corresponding reduction in accounts receivable.

We record receivables related to revenue when it has an unconditional right to invoice and receive payment.

Share-based compensation

We account for share-based compensation in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation — Stock Compensation (“ASC 718”). In accordance with ASC 718, we determine whether an award should be classified and accounted for as a liability award or an equity award. All of our share-based awards were classified as equity awards and are recognized in the consolidated financial statements based on their grant date fair values.

We have elected to recognize share-based compensation using the straight-line method for all share- based awards granted over the requisite service period, which is the vesting period. We account for forfeitures as they occur in accordance with ASU No. 2016-09, Compensation — Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvement to Employee Share-based Payment Accounting. Our company, with the assistance of an independent third-party valuation firm, determines the fair value of the stock options granted to employees. The Black Scholes Model is applied in determining the estimated fair value of the options granted to employees and non-employees. The Company recognized share-based compensation $417,978 and $383,572 in 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Income Taxes

Deferred taxes are recognized based on the future tax consequences of differences between the carrying value of assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis. The future realization of deferred tax assets depends on the existence of sufficient taxable income in future periods. Possible sources of taxable income include taxable income in carryback periods, the future reversal of existing taxable temporary differences recorded as a deferred tax liability, tax-planning strategies that generate future income or gains in excess of anticipated losses in the carryforward period and projected future taxable income.

If, based upon all available evidence, both positive and negative, it is more likely than not (more than 50 percent likely) such deferred tax assets will not be realized, a valuation allowance is recorded. Significant weight is given to positive and negative evidence that is objectively verifiable. A company’s three-year cumulative loss position is significant negative evidence in considering whether deferred tax assets are realizable, and the accounting guidance restricts the amount of reliance we can place on projected taxable income to support the recovery of the deferred tax assets.

The current accounting guidance allows the recognition of only those income tax positions that have a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being sustained upon examination by the taxing authorities. The Company believes that there is an increased potential for volatility in its effective tax rate because this threshold allows for changes in the income tax environment and, to a greater extent, the inherent complexities of income tax law in a substantial number of jurisdictions, which may affect the computation of its liability for uncertain tax positions.

We record interest and penalties on our uncertain tax positions in income tax expense.

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We record the tax effects of Foreign Derived Intangible Income (FDII) and Global Intangible Low- Taxed Income (GILTI) related to our foreign operations as a component of income tax expense in the period the tax arises.

Recently issued accounting pronouncements

In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-13, “Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326), Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments,” amending the accounting for the impairment of financial instruments, including trade receivables. Under previous guidance, credit losses were recognized when the applicable losses had a probable likelihood of occurring and this assessment was based on past events and current conditions. The amended current guidance eliminates the “probable” threshold and requires an entity to use a broader range of information, including forecast information when estimating expected credit losses. Generally, this should result in a more timely recognition of credit losses. This guidance became effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019 with early adoption permitted for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018. The requirements of the amended guidance should be applied using a modified retrospective approach except for debt securities, which require a prospective transition approach. In November 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-10 which finalized the delay of such effective date to fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 for private and all other companies including emerging growth companies. As an emerging growth company, the Company adopted this guidance from January 1, 2023, and the adoption of the standard did not have an impact on our financial position or results of operation.

Non-GAAP Measures

In addition to the measures presented in our consolidated financial statements, we use the following non-GAAP measures to evaluate our business, measure our performance, identify trends affecting our business and assist us in making strategic decisions. Our non-GAAP measures are: Adjusted Income from Operations, Adjusted Operating Margins and Adjusted Net Income. These non-GAAP financial measures are not prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“US GAAP”). They are supplemental financial measures of our performance only, and should not be considered substitutes for net income, income from operations or any other measure derived in accordance with GAAP and may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other entities.

We define Adjusted Income from Operations as GAAP income from operations excluding the impact of certain non-recurring expenses, including expenses related to COVID-19 protocols. We define Adjusted Net Income as GAAP net income excluding the tax-effected impact of certain non-recurring expenses and income such as expenses related to COVID-19 protocols, unusual litigation fees and non-recurring compensation expenses related to our IPO. We define Adjusted Operating Margins as adjusted income from operations divided by revenue.

We use these non-GAAP measures, along with U.S. GAAP measures, to evaluate our business, measure our financial performance and profitability and our ability to manage expenses, after adjusting for certain one-time expenses, identify trends affecting our business and assist us in making strategic decisions. We believe these non-GAAP measures, when reviewed in conjunction with U.S. GAAP financial measures, and not in isolation or as substitutes for analysis of our results of operations under U.S. GAAP, are useful to investors as they are widely used measures of performance and the adjustments we make to these non-GAAP measures provide investors further insight into our profitability and additional perspectives in comparing our performance over time on a consistent basis.

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The following table reconciles Income from Operations to Adjusted Income from Operations and Adjusted Operating Margins, as well as Net income to Adjusted Net Income for the periods presented.

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(1) Represents an additional charge related to one-time anti-dumping/countervailing duty legal fee, as shown in prior periods.

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(1) Represents an additional charge related to one-time anti-dumping/countervailing duty legal fee, as shown in prior periods.

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ITEM 7A. QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

We are a smaller reporting company as defined in Regulation S-K and are not required to provide the information under this item.

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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

FGI INDUSTRIES LTD.

INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

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To the Shareholders and Board of Directors of

FGI Industries Ltd.

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Opinion on the Financial Statements

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We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of FGI Industries Ltd. (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the related consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income, changes in shareholders’ equity (parent’s net investment) and cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2023, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”).  In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2023, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

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Basis for Opinion

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These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB") and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

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We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

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Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

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/s/ Marcum llp

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Marcum llp

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We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2020.

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Melville, NY

March 26, 2024

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FGI INDUSTRIES LTD.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

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