Farmland Partners Inc. [FPI] Filings

10-Q 1 fpi-20240331x10q.htm 10-Q

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒

QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2024

☐

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number: 001-36405

FARMLAND PARTNERS INC.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)


Maryland		46-3769850
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)		(IRS Employer Identification No.)

4600 South Syracuse Street, Suite 1450 Denver, Colorado		80237-2766
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)		(Zip Code)

(720) 452-3100

(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock	FPI	New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ☒ Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit such files). ☒ Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.


Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☐

Non-accelerated filer	☒	Smaller reporting company	☒

		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ☐ Yes ☒ No

As of April 25, 2024, 48,154,991 shares of the Registrant’s common stock (49,358,330 on a fully diluted basis, including 1,203,339 Common Units of limited partnership interests in the registrant’s operating partnership) were outstanding.

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Farmland Partners Inc.

FORM 10-Q FOR THE QUARTER ENDED

March 31, 2024

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9



PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION		Page

Item 1.	Financial Statements
	Consolidated Financial Statements
	Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2024 (unaudited) and December 31, 2023	3
	Statements of Operations for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (unaudited)	4
	Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (unaudited)	5
	Statements of Changes in Equity for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (unaudited)	6
	Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (unaudited)	8
	Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)	10
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	31
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	45
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	45

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION		46

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	46
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	46
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	46
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	47
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	47
Item 5.	Other Information	47
Item 6.	Exhibits	47

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

Farmland Partners Inc.

Consolidated Balance Sheets

As of March 31, 2024 (Unaudited) and December 31, 2023

(in thousands, except par value and share data)


	March 31,		December 31,
	2024		2023
ASSETS
Land, at cost	$	885,993	$	869,848
Grain facilities		12,459		12,222
Groundwater		11,472		11,472
Irrigation improvements		41,345		41,988
Drainage improvements		10,315		10,315
Permanent plantings		42,286		39,620
Other		4,698		4,696
Construction in progress		1,795		4,453
Real estate, at cost		1,010,363		994,614
Less accumulated depreciation		(33,596)		(33,083)
Total real estate, net		976,767		961,531
Deposits		—		426
Cash and cash equivalents		6,228		5,489
Assets held for sale		26		28
Loans and financing receivables, net		31,170		31,020
Right of use asset		355		399
Accounts receivable, net		1,741		7,743
Derivative asset		1,602		1,707
Inventory		2,699		2,335
Equity method investments		4,053		4,136
Intangible assets, net		2,030		2,035
Goodwill		2,706		2,706
Prepaid and other assets		1,697		2,447
TOTAL ASSETS	$	1,031,074	$	1,022,002

LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
LIABILITIES
Mortgage notes and bonds payable, net	$	380,890	$	360,859
Lease liability		355		399
Dividends payable		2,964		13,286
Accrued interest		4,376		4,747
Accrued property taxes		2,523		1,898
Deferred revenue		9,889		2,149
Accrued expenses		3,659		7,854
Total liabilities		404,656		391,192

Commitments and contingencies (See Note 8)

Redeemable non-controlling interest in operating partnership, Series A preferred units		99,743		101,970

EQUITY
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 500,000,000 shares authorized; 48,154,991 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2024, and 48,002,716 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2023		466		466
Additional paid in capital		577,648		577,253
Retained earnings		32,041		31,411
Cumulative dividends		(98,830)		(95,939)
Other comprehensive income		2,476		2,691
Non-controlling interests in operating partnership		12,874		12,958
Total equity		526,675		528,840

TOTAL LIABILITIES, REDEEMABLE NON-CONTROLLING INTERESTS IN OPERATING PARTNERSHIP AND EQUITY	$	1,031,074	$	1,022,002

See accompanying notes.

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Farmland Partners Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Operations

For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023

(Unaudited)

(in thousands, except per share amounts)


	For the Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2024		2023
OPERATING REVENUES:
Rental income	$	10,207	$	10,726
Crop sales		660		360
Other revenue		1,123		1,586
Total operating revenues		11,990		12,672

OPERATING EXPENSES
Depreciation, depletion and amortization		1,481		1,794
Property operating expenses		1,798		2,182
Cost of goods sold		541		946
Acquisition and due diligence costs		27		14
General and administrative expenses		2,627		2,606
Legal and accounting		333		244
Other operating expenses		36		49
Total operating expenses		6,843		7,835

OTHER (INCOME) EXPENSE:
Other (income)		(120)		(11)
(Income) loss from equity method investment		(77)		27
(Gain) loss on disposition of assets, net		86		(1,826)
(Income) from forfeited deposits		(1,205)		—
Interest expense		5,036		4,924
Total other expense		3,720		3,114

Net income before income tax (benefit) expense		1,427		1,723

Income tax expense		19		9

NET INCOME		1,408		1,714

Net (income) attributable to non-controlling interests in operating partnership		(35)		(38)

Net income attributable to the Company		1,373		1,676

Dividend equivalent rights allocated to performance-based unvested restricted shares		(2)		—
Nonforfeitable distributions allocated to time-based unvested restricted shares		(22)		(16)
Distributions on Series A Preferred Units		(743)		(803)

Net income available to common stockholders of Farmland Partners Inc.	$	606	$	857

Basic and diluted per common share data:
Basic net income available to common stockholders	$	0.01	$	0.02
Diluted net income available to common stockholders	$	0.01	$	0.02
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding		47,704		54,007
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding		47,704		54,007
Dividends declared per common share	$	0.06	$	0.06

See accompanying notes.

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Farmland Partners Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)

For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023

(Unaudited)

(in thousands)


	For the Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2024		2023
Net income	$	1,408	$	1,714
Amortization of other comprehensive income		—		198
Net change associated with current period hedging activities		(215)		(581)
Comprehensive income		1,193		1,331
Comprehensive (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests		(35)		(38)
Comprehensive income attributable to Farmland Partners Inc.	$	1,158	$	1,293

See accompanying notes.

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Farmland Partners Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity and Other Comprehensive Income

For the three months ended March 31, 2024 (Unaudited)

(in thousands)


	Stockholders’ Equity
	Common Stock											Non-controlling
				Additional						Other		Interests in
				Paid in		Retained		Cumulative		Comprehensive		Operating		Total
	Shares	Par Value		Capital		Earnings		Dividends		Income		Partnership		Equity
Balance at December 31, 2023	48,003	$	466	$	577,253	$	31,411	$	(95,939)	$	2,691	$	12,958	$	528,840
Net income	—		—		—		1,373		—		—		35		1,408
Issuance of stock	3		—		34		—		—		—		—		34
Grant of unvested restricted stock	165		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Shares withheld for income taxes on vesting of equity-based compensation	(16)		—		(177)		—		—		—		—		(177)
Stock-based compensation	—		—		491		—		—		—		—		491
Dividends accrued and paid	—		—		—		(743)		(2,891)		—		(72)		(3,706)
Net change associated with current period hedging transactions	—		—		—		—		—		(215)		—		(215)
Adjustments to non-controlling interests resulting from changes in ownership of operating partnership	—		—		47		—		—		—		(47)		—
Balance at March 31, 2024	48,155	$	466	$	577,648	$	32,041	$	(98,830)	$	2,476	$	12,874	$	526,675

See accompanying notes.

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Farmland Partners Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity and Other Comprehensive Income

For the three months ended March 31, 2023 (Unaudited)

(in thousands)


	Stockholders’ Equity
	Common Stock											Non-controlling
				Additional						Other		Interests in
				Paid in		Retained		Cumulative		Comprehensive		Operating		Total
	Shares	Par Value		Capital		Earnings		Dividends		Income		Partnership		Equity
Balance at December 31, 2022	54,318	$	531	$	647,346	$	3,567	$	(73,964)	$	3,306	$	13,218	$	594,004
Net income	—		—		—		1,676		—		—		38		1,714
Issuance of stock	5		—		54		—		—		—		—		54
Grant of unvested restricted stock	223		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Shares withheld for income taxes on vesting of equity-based compensation	(3)		—		(36)		—		—		—		—		(36)
Stock-based compensation	—		—		405		—		—		—		—		405
Dividends accrued and paid	—		—		—		(803)		(3,185)		—		(74)		(4,062)
Net change associated with current period hedging transactions and amortization of other comprehensive (loss)	—		—		—		—		—		(383)		—		(383)
Repurchase and cancellation of shares	(1,458)		(15)		(14,577)		—		—		—		—		(14,592)
Adjustments to non-controlling interests resulting from changes in ownership of operating partnership	—		—		17		—		—		—		(17)		—
Balance at March 31, 2023	53,085	$	516	$	633,209	$	4,440	$	(77,149)	$	2,923	$	13,165	$	577,104

See accompanying notes.

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Farmland Partners Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023

(Unaudited)

(in thousands)


	For the Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2024		2023
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net income	$	1,408	$	1,714
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash and cash equivalents provided by operating activities:
Depreciation, depletion and amortization		1,481		1,794
Amortization of deferred financing fees and discounts/premiums on debt		184		158
Amortization of net origination fees related to notes receivable		(4)		(6)
Stock-based compensation		491		405
(Gain) loss on disposition of assets, net		86		(1,826)
(Income) from forfeited deposits		(1,205)		—
(Income) loss from equity method investment		(77)		27
Bad debt expense		—		15
Amortization of dedesignated interest rate swap		—		162
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
(Increase) Decrease in accounts receivable		4,389		3,246
(Increase) Decrease in interest receivable		(208)		(39)
(Increase) Decrease in other assets		1,175		906
(Increase) Decrease in inventory		(364)		96
Increase (Decrease) in accrued interest		(371)		(311)
Increase (Decrease) in accrued expenses		(3,453)		(1,794)
Increase (Decrease) in deferred revenue		7,739		10,712
Increase (Decrease) in accrued property taxes		626		580
Net cash and cash equivalents provided by operating activities		11,897		15,839

CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Real estate acquisitions		(16,255)		(141)
Real estate and other improvements		(86)		(1,092)
Distributions from equity method investees		161		—
Collections of principal on loans		62		7
Proceeds from sale of property		1,621		7,137
Net cash and cash equivalents provided by (used in) investing activities		(14,497)		5,911

CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Borrowings from mortgage notes payable		30,001		14,001
Repayments on mortgage notes payable		(10,134)		(9,850)
Issuance of stock		34		54
Common stock repurchased		—		(14,591)
Payment of debt issuance costs		(20)		(137)
Payment of swap fees		(109)		(73)
Dividends on common stock		(12,961)		(3,259)
Shares withheld for income taxes on vesting of equity-based compensation		(177)		(36)
Distributions on Series A preferred units		(2,970)		(3,210)
Distributions to non-controlling interests in operating partnership, common		(325)		(74)
Net cash and cash equivalents provided by (used in) financing activities		3,339		(17,175)

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents		739		4,575
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period		5,489		7,654
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	6,228	$	12,229

Cash paid during period for interest	$	5,574	$	5,188
Cash paid during period for taxes	$	—	$	—

See accompanying notes.

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Farmland Partners Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (continued)

For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023

(Unaudited)

(in thousands)


	For the Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2024		2023
SUPPLEMENTAL NON-CASH INVESTING AND FINANCING TRANSACTIONS:
Dividend payable, common stock	$	2,892	$	3,185
Dividend payable, common units	$	72	$	74
Distributions payable, Series A preferred units	$	743	$	803
Additions to real estate improvements included in accrued expenses	$	712	$	205
Swap fees payable included in accrued interest	$	36	$	36
Prepaid property tax liability acquired in acquisitions	$	32	$	—
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$	13	$	563

See accompanying notes.

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Farmland Partners Inc.

Notes to the Unaudited Financial Statements as of March 31, 2024

Note 1—Organization and Significant Accounting Policies

Organization

Farmland Partners Inc. (“FPI”), collectively with its subsidiaries, is an internally managed real estate company that owns and seeks to acquire high-quality farmland located in agricultural markets throughout North America. FPI was incorporated in Maryland on September 27, 2013. FPI elected to be taxed as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) under Sections 856 through 860 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), commencing with its short taxable year ended December 31, 2014.

FPI is the sole member of the sole general partner of Farmland Partners Operating Partnership, LP (the “Operating Partnership”), which was formed in Delaware on September 27, 2013. All of FPI’s assets are held by, and its operations are primarily conducted through, the Operating Partnership and the wholly owned subsidiaries of the Operating Partnership. As of March 31, 2024, FPI owned a 97.5% interest in the Operating Partnership. See “Note 9—Stockholders’ Equity and Non-controlling Interests” for additional discussion regarding Class A Common units of limited partnership interest in the Operating Partnership (“Common units”) and Series A preferred units of limited partnership interest in the Operating Partnership (“Series A preferred units”). Unlike holders of FPI’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share (“common stock”), holders of the Operating Partnership’s Common units and Series A preferred units generally do not have voting rights or the power to direct the affairs of FPI. As of March 31, 2024, the Operating Partnership owned a 9.97% equity interest in an unconsolidated equity method investment that holds 11 properties (see “Note 4—Related Party Transactions”).

References to the “Company,” “we,” “us,” or “our” mean collectively FPI and its consolidated subsidiaries, including the Operating Partnership.

As of March 31, 2024, the Company owned a portfolio of approximately 134,700 acres of farmland, which is consolidated in these financial statements. In addition, as of March 31, 2024, we owned land and buildings for four agriculture equipment dealerships in Ohio leased to Ag-Pro Ohio, LLC (“Ag Pro”) under the John Deere brand and served as property manager for approximately 42,700 acres of farmland (see “Note 6—Loans and Financing Receivables”).

On March 16, 2015, the Company formed FPI Agribusiness Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary (the “TRS” or “FPI Agribusiness”), as a taxable REIT subsidiary. We engage directly in farming, provide property management, auction, and brokerage services and volume purchasing services to our tenants through the TRS. As of March 31, 2024, the TRS performed direct farming operations on 2,103 acres of farmland owned by the Company located in California.

All references to numbers and percent of acres within this report are unaudited.

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements are presented on the accrual basis of accounting in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and include the accounts of FPI and the Operating Partnership. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the presentation used in the current year. Such reclassifications had no effect on net income or total equity.

Interim Financial Information

The information in the accompanying consolidated financial statements of the Company as of March 31, 2024 and for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 is unaudited. The accompanying financial statements include adjustments based on management’s estimates (consisting of normal and recurring accruals), which the Company considers necessary for a fair presentation of the results for the periods. The financial information should be read in

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conjunction with the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2023, included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, which the Company filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on February 29, 2024. Operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of actual operating results for the entire year ending December 31, 2024.

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared by the Company pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC for interim financial statements. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in the financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could materially differ from those estimates for a variety of reasons, including, without limitation, the impacts of public health crises, the war in Ukraine and the ongoing conflict in the Middle East, substantially higher prices for oil and gas and substantially increased interest rates, and their effects on the domestic and global economies. We are unable to quantify the ultimate impact of these factors on our business.

Significant Accounting Policies

There have been no changes to the Company’s significant accounting policies disclosed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Liquidity Policy

The Company manages its liquidity position and expected liquidity needs taking into consideration current cash balances, undrawn availability under its lines of credit ($178.9 million as of March 31, 2024), and reasonably expected cash receipts. The business model of the Company, and of real estate investment companies in general, utilizes debt as a structural source of financing. When debt becomes due, it is generally refinanced rather than repaid using the Company’s cash flow from operations. The Company has a history of being able to refinance its debt obligations prior to maturity. Furthermore, the Company also has a substantial portfolio of real estate assets that management believes could be readily liquidated if necessary to fund any immediate liquidity needs. As of March 31, 2024, the Company had $380.9 million of mortgage and other debt against a portfolio of real estate assets with a net book value of $976.8 million.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable are presented at face value, net of the allowance for doubtful accounts. The allowance for doubtful accounts was less than $0.1 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. An allowance for doubtful accounts is recorded on the Consolidated Statements of Operations as a reduction to rental revenue if in relation to revenues recognized in the year, or as property operating expenses if in relation to revenue recognized in the prior years.

Inventory

Inventory consists of costs related to crops grown on farms directly operated by the TRS and is separated into growing crop inventory, harvested crop inventory or general inventory, as appropriate.

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, inventory consisted of the following:


(in thousands)	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Harvested crop	$	—	$	246
Growing crop		2,699		2,089
	$	2,699	$	2,335

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Goodwill and Intangible Assets

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company did not incur any impairment charges related to goodwill.

The Company recorded amortization of customer relationships of less than $0.1 million during each of the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848), that provided practical expedients to address existing guidance on contract modifications and hedge accounting due to the expected market transition from the London Inter-bank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) and other interbank offered rates (together, “IBORs”) to alternative reference rates, such as the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”). In July 2017, the Financial Conduct Authority announced it intended to stop compelling banks to submit rates for the calculation of LIBOR after 2021. We refer to this transition as “reference rate reform.”

The first practical expedient allows companies to elect to not apply certain modification accounting requirements to debt, derivative and lease contracts affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. These criteria include the following: (i) the contract referenced an IBOR rate that is expected to be discontinued; (ii) the modified terms directly replace or have the potential to replace the IBOR rate that is expected to be discontinued; and (iii) any contemporaneous changes to other terms that change or have the potential to change the amount and timing of contractual cash flows must be related to the replacement of the IBOR rate. If the contract meets all three criteria, there is no requirement for remeasurement of the contract at the modification date or reassessment of the previous hedging relationship accounting determination.

The second practical expedient allows companies to change the reference rate and other critical terms related to the reference rate reform in derivative hedge documentation without having to de-designate the hedging relationship. This allows for companies to continue applying hedge accounting to existing cash flow and net investment hedges.

In December 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-06, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Deferral of the Sunset Date of Topic 848, which extends the period of time preparers can utilize the reference rate reform relief guidance in Topic 848. The objective of the guidance in Topic 848 is to provide relief during the temporary transition period, so the FASB included a sunset provision within Topic 848 based on expectations of when the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) would cease being published. In 2021, the UK Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) delayed the intended cessation date of certain tenors of USD LIBOR to June 30, 2023. To ensure the relief in Topic 848 covers the period of time during which a significant number of modifications may take place, the ASU defers the sunset date of Topic 848 from December 31, 2022, to December 31, 2024, after which entities will no longer be permitted to apply the relief in Topic 848.

The Company will continue to evaluate its debt, derivative and lease contracts that are eligible for modification relief and expects to apply those elections as needed.

Note 2—Revenue Recognition

Fixed Rent: The majority of the Company’s leases provide for rent payments on an entirely or partially fixed basis. For the majority of its fixed farm rent leases, the Company receives at least 50% of the annual lease payment from tenants before crops are planted, generally during the first quarter of the year, with the remaining 50% of the lease payment due in the second half of the year generally after the crops are harvested. Rental income is recorded on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Certain of the Company’s leases provide for tenants to reimburse the Company for property taxes and other expenses. These tenant reimbursements and rent payments are treated as a single lease component because the timing and pattern of revenue recognition is the same. This means that rental income is equal in all periods of the lease, calculated by adding all expected lease payments (including increases within the lease) and dividing by the number of periods, despite the cash rents being received in lump sums at the specific times as described above. The lease term generally considers periods when a tenant: (1) may not terminate its lease obligation early; (2) may terminate its lease obligation early in

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exchange for a fee or penalty that the Company considers material enough such that termination would not be probable; (3) possesses renewal rights and the tenant’s failure to exercise such rights imposes a penalty on the tenant material enough such that renewal appears reasonably assured; or (4) possesses bargain renewal options for such periods. Payments received in advance are included in deferred revenue until they are earned.

Variable Rent: Certain of the Company’s leases provide for a rent payment determined as a percentage of the gross farm proceeds in their entirety or above a certain threshold. Revenue under leases providing for variable rent may be recorded at the guaranteed crop insurance minimums and recognized ratably over the lease term during the crop year. Upon notification from the grain or packing facility that a future contract for delivery of the harvest has been finalized or when the tenant has notified the Company of the total amount of gross farm proceeds, revenue is recognized for the excess of the actual gross farm proceeds and the previously recognized minimum guaranteed insurance.

Fixed Rent and Variable Rent: Certain of the Company’s leases provide for a minimum fixed rent plus variable rent based on gross farm revenue.

The following table presents rental income that is disaggregated by revenue source for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023:


	For the three months ended
	March 31,
(in thousands)	2024			2023
Fixed Farm Rent	$	8,624	$	8,794
Solar, Wind and Recreation Rent		653		770
Tenant Reimbursements		721		1,038
Variable Rent		209		124
	$	10,207	$	10,726

The Company’s leases generally have terms ranging from one to three years, with some extending up to 40 years (e.g., renewable energy leases). Payments received in advance are included in deferred revenue until they are earned. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had $9.9 million and $2.1 million, respectively, in deferred revenue. Both periods included a deferred gain of approximately $2.1 million in connection with the sale of two properties that occurred during the three months ended December 31, 2023, whereby the Company provided approximately $9.5 million of seller financing. The deferred gain will be recognized at such time as we consider collection of the seller financing to be probable under applicable accounting standards.

The majority of the Company’s revenue is derived from rental income. The Company elected an accounting policy to account for both its lease and non-lease components (specifically, tenant reimbursements) as a single lease component under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 842, Lease Accounting.

The following sets forth a summary of rental income recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023:


	Rental income recognized
		For the three months ended
		March 31,
(in thousands)		2024			2023
Leases in effect at the beginning of the year		$	9,136	$	10,446
Leases entered into during the year			1,071		280
		$	10,207	$	10,726

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Future minimum fixed rent payments from tenants under all non-cancelable leases in place as of March 31, 2024, including lease advances when contractually due, but excluding crop share and tenant reimbursement of expenses, for the remainder of 2024 and each of the next four years and thereafter as of March 31, 2024 are as follows:


(in thousands)	Future rental
Year Ending December 31,	payments
2024 (remaining nine months)	$	16,351
2025		24,114
2026		18,020
2027		8,229
2028		3,885
Thereafter		49,377
	$	119,976

Since lease renewal periods are exercisable at the option of the lessee, the preceding table presents future minimum lease payments due during the initial lease term only.

Crop Sales: For farms directly operated through the TRS, the Company records revenue from the sale of harvested crops when the harvested crop has been contracted to be delivered to a grain or packing facility and title has transferred. During the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, revenues from the sale of harvested crops recognized were $0.7 million and $0.4 million, respectively. The cost of harvested crops sold was $0.5 million and $0.9 million, respectively, during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. Harvested crops delivered under marketing contracts are recorded using the fixed price of the marketing contract at the time of delivery to a grain or packing facility. Harvested crops delivered without a marketing contract are recorded using the market price at the date the harvested crop is delivered to the grain or packing facility and title has transferred.

Other Revenue: Other revenue includes crop insurance proceeds, auction fees, brokerage fees, interest income, and property management income. Crop insurance proceeds are recognized when the amount is determinable and collectible. Crop insurance proceeds are generally received in lieu of crop sales on farms directly operated through the TRS. The Company generates auction revenue by contracting with a real estate owner to market and auction farm property. Successful bidders sign a purchase agreement immediately following the auction. Auction fee revenue is recognized upon completion of the auction. The Company generates real estate brokerage commissions by acting as a broker for real estate investors or owners seeking to buy or sell farm property. Revenue from brokerage fees is recognized upon completion of the transaction. Property management revenue is recognized over the term of the contract as services are being provided. The Company collects property management fees in advance of the commencement of property management activities on behalf of third parties and includes them in deferred revenue until they are earned over the life of the contract. Interest income is recognized on loans and financing receivables on an accrual basis over the life of the loans. Direct origination costs are netted against loan origination fees and are amortized over the life of the note using the straight-line method, which approximates the effective interest method, as an adjustment to interest income which is included as a component of other revenue in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.

The following table presents other revenue that is disaggregated by revenue source for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023:


	For the three months ended
	March 31,
(in thousands)	2024			2023
Auction and brokerage fees	$	282	$	336
Crop insurance proceeds		—		595
Property management income		229		186
Other (e.g., interest income)		612		469
	$	1,123	$	1,586

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Note 3—Concentration Risk

Credit Risk

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company had no significant tenants representing a tenant concentration of 10% or greater of period revenue. Revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2024 is not necessarily indicative of actual revenue for the entire year ending December 31, 2024. The Company receives a significant portion of its variable rental payments in the fourth quarter of each year, typically resulting in at least one tenant concentration of 10% or greater revenue in that quarter and for the year. If a significant tenant fails to make rental payments to the Company or elects to terminate its leases, and the land cannot be re-leased on satisfactory terms, there may be a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial performance.

Geographic Risk

The following table summarizes the percentage of approximate total acres owned as of March 31, 2024 and 2023, and the fixed and variable rent recorded by the Company for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 by location of the farm:


	Approximate %				Rental Income ⁽¹⁾
	of total acres				For the three months ended
	As of March 31,				March 31,
Location of Farm ⁽²⁾	2024		2023		2024		2023
Corn Belt	34.5	%	28.8	%	46.7	%	43.5	%
Delta and South	19.6	%	19.2	%	10.8	%	12.9	%
High Plains	16.2	%	20.2	%	6.4	%	9.8	%
Southeast	21.4	%	24.7	%	21.9	%	24.5	%
West Coast	8.3	%	7.1	%	14.2	%	9.3	%
	100.0	%	100.0	%	100.0	%	100.0	%

⁽¹⁾

Due to regional disparities in the use of leases with variable rent and seasonal variations in the recognition of variable rent revenue, regional comparisons by rental income are not fully representative of each region’s income-producing capacity until a full year is taken into account.

⁽²⁾

Corn Belt includes farms located in Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Missouri, eastern Nebraska and Ohio. Delta and South includes farms located in Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi and Oklahoma. High Plains includes farms located in Colorado, Kansas and Texas. Southeast includes farms located in Florida, North Carolina and South Carolina. West Coast includes farms located in California.

Note 4—Related Party Transactions

On July 21, 2015, the Company entered into a lease agreement with American Agriculture Aviation LLC (“American Ag Aviation”) for the use of a private plane. American Ag Aviation is a Colorado limited liability company that is owned 100% by Paul A. Pittman, the Company’s Executive Chairman. The private plane was generally utilized when commercial air travel was not readily available or practical to and from a particular location. The Company incurred no costs during either of the three months ended March 31, 2024 or 2023 to American Ag Aviation for use of the aircraft in accordance with the lease agreement. Generally, costs are recognized based on the nature of the associated use of the aircraft consistently with other travel expenses, as follows: (i) general and administrative - expensed as general and administrative expenses within the Company’s consolidated statements of operations; (ii) land acquisition (accounted for as an asset acquisition) - allocated to the acquired real estate assets within the Company’s consolidated balance sheets; and (iii) land acquisition (accounted for as a business combination) - expensed as acquisition and due diligence costs within the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. In November 2023, the lease agreement was terminated due to American Ag Aviation’s disposition of its private plane.

On January 20, 2021, the Company entered into property sale and long-term management agreements with the OZ Fund. The OZ Fund is a Delaware limited liability company whose manager is the brother of Thomas P. Heneghan, who was one of the Company's independent directors until April 29, 2024. Mr. Heneghan has an indirect investment in the OZ Fund. As of each of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had a 9.97% interest in the OZ Fund. The aggregate balance of the Company’s equity method investment in the OZ Fund was approximately $4.1 million, including aggregate capital contributions of $1.7 million, as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The Company has received aggregate distributions of $0.2 million and less than $0.1 million, respectively, from inception of the joint venture through

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March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The Company’s capital contributions are capped at $4.3 million. The Company earned management fees of $0.1 million during each of the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Note 5—Real Estate

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company completed acquisitions of three properties in the Corn Belt region. Aggregate consideration for these acquisitions totaled $16.3 million. No intangible assets were acquired through these acquisitions.

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company completed one acquisition in the Corn Belt region. Aggregate consideration for this acquisition totaled $0.1 million. No intangible assets were acquired through this acquisition.

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company had no property dispositions. In addition, during the three months ended December 31, 2023, the Company recorded a deferred gain of approximately $2.1 million in connection with the sale of two properties, whereby the Company provided approximately $9.5 million of seller financing. The deferred gain will be recognized at such time as we consider collection of the seller financing to be probable under applicable accounting standards.

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company completed two dispositions in the Delta and South region. The Company received cash consideration for these dispositions totaling $7.1 million and recognized an aggregate gain on sale of $1.8 million.

During the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company incurred an immaterial amount of costs related to acquisitions and due diligence.

Note 6—Loans and Financing Receivables

The Company offers an agricultural lending product focused on farmers as a complement to the Company’s business of acquiring and owning farmland and leasing it to farmers. Under the FPI Loan Program, the Company makes loans to third-party farmers (both tenant and non-tenant) to provide financing for property acquisitions, working capital requirements, operational farming activities, farming infrastructure projects and for other farming and agricultural real estate related projects. The Company seeks to make loans that are collateralized by farm real estate or growing crops and in principal amounts of $1.0 million or more at fixed interest rates with maturities of up to six years. The Company expects the borrower to repay the loans in accordance with the loan agreements based on farming operations and access to other forms of capital, as permitted.

In addition to loans made under the FPI Loan Program, the Company, on certain occasions, makes short-term loans to tenants secured by collateral other than real estate, such as growing crops, equipment or inventory, when the Company believes such loans will ensure the orderly completion of farming operations on a property owned by the Company for a given crop year and other credit is not available to the borrower.

On November 18, 2022, the Company acquired land and buildings for four agriculture equipment dealerships in Ohio leased to Ag Pro (the seller), under the John Deere brand. In accordance with ASC Topic 842, control is not considered to have transferred to the Company under GAAP and these transactions are accounted for as financing arrangements under ASC 310 “Receivables” rather than as investments in real estate subject to operating leases. The leases mature in November 2037 and contain renewal options for periods up to 20 years from the original maturity date. The discount rate used for the transactions was 6.15%.

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As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company held the following loans and financing receivables:


($ in thousands)		Outstanding as of				Maturity
Loan	Terms	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023		Date
Loans under FPI Loan Program:
Mortgage Note ⁽¹⁾	Principal & interest due at maturity	$	207	$	210	12/7/2028
Mortgage Note ⁽²⁾	Principal due at maturity & interest due quarterly		1,842		1,900	3/3/2025
Mortgage Note ⁽³⁾	Principal due at maturity & interest due quarterly		1,800		1,800	11/17/2028
Mortgage Note ⁽⁴⁾	Principal due at maturity & interest due semi-annually		8,009		8,009	12/28/2024
Mortgage Note ⁽⁵⁾	Principal due at maturity & interest due semi-annually		1,491		1,491	12/28/2024
Mortgage Note ⁽⁶⁾	Principal due at maturity & interest due monthly		500		500	6/30/2025
Total outstanding principal			13,849		13,910
Sale-leaseback transactions accounted for as financing arrangements:
Financing Receivable, net ⁽⁷⁾	Monthly payments in accordance with lease agreement		5,926		5,920	11/17/2037
Financing Receivable, net ⁽⁷⁾	Monthly payments in accordance with lease agreement		4,498		4,498	11/17/2037
Financing Receivable, net ⁽⁷⁾	Monthly payments in accordance with lease agreement		3,564		3,563	11/17/2037
Financing Receivable, net ⁽⁷⁾	Monthly payments in accordance with lease agreement		3,235		3,237	11/17/2037
Total financing receivable			17,223		17,218
Interest receivable (net prepaid interest and points)			266		60
Allowance for credit losses			(168)		(168)
Provision for interest receivable			—		—
Total Loans and financing receivables, net		$	31,170	$	31,020

(1)

The original note was renegotiated and a second note was entered into simultaneously with the borrower during the three months ended March 31, 2017. The note is secured against farmland properties.

(2)

On March 3, 2022, the Company entered into two loans with the same party secured against farmland.

(3)

On November 17, 2023, the Company entered into a loan agreement secured by farmland in connection with a property disposition.

(4)

On December 28, 2023, the Company entered into a loan agreement secured by farmland in connection with a property disposition.

(5)

On December 28, 2023, the Company entered into a loan agreement secured by farmland in connection with a property disposition.

(6)

On December 28, 2023, the Company entered into a loan agreement secured by farmland and a feedlot in connection with a property disposition.

(7)

On November 18, 2022, the Company acquired land and buildings for four agriculture equipment dealerships in Ohio, accounted for as financing transactions. The leases may be extended beyond the stated maturity date, for up to an additional 20 years, at the option of the tenant.

Loans and financing receivables are stated at their unpaid principal balance and include unamortized direct origination costs and accrued interest through the reporting date, less any allowance for losses and unearned borrower paid points. The Company monitors its receivables based upon historical collection experience, collateral values, current trends, long-term probability of default (“PD”) and estimated loss given default (“LGD”). Accrued interest write-offs are recognized as credit loss expense. The Company has estimated its credit losses on its loan balances in accordance with ASC 326 to be less than $0.1 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. Additionally, the Company has recorded an allowance for credit losses on its financing receivables of less than $0.1 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The Company recorded no credit loss expense related to interest receivables during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. There were no charge-offs or recoveries for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. In addition, as of March 31, 2024, all payments under loans and financing receivables have been received in accordance with the agreements.

The following tables detail the allowance for credit losses as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:


	March 31, 2024
($ in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Allowance		Loans and financing receivables, net		Allowance as a % of Amortized Cost
Loans under FPI Loan Program	$	14,115	$	(76)	$	14,039		0.54	%
Financing Receivables		17,223		(92)		17,131		0.53	%
Totals	$	31,338	$	(168)	$	31,170		0.54	%


	December 31, 2023
($ in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Allowance		Loans and financing receivables, net		Allowance as a % of Amortized Cost
Loans under FPI Loan Program	$	13,970	$	(76)	$	13,894		0.54	%
Financing Receivables		17,218		(92)		17,126		0.53	%
Totals	$	31,188	$	(168)	$	31,020		0.54	%

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The following chart reflects the roll-forward of the allowance for credit losses for our loans and financing receivables for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023:


	Three months ended March 31,
($ in thousands)	2024		2023
Balance at beginning of period	$	(168)	$	(92)
Initial allowance for financing receivables		—		—
Initial allowance for loan receivables		—		—
Current period change in credit allowance		—		—
Charge-offs		—		—
Recoveries		—		—
Balance at end of period	$	(168)	$	(92)

The collateral for the mortgage notes receivable consists of real estate and personal property.

The Company estimates the fair value of loans and financing receivables using Level 3 inputs under the hierarchy established by GAAP. Fair value is estimated by discounting cash flows using interest rates based on management’s estimates of market interest rates on loans receivable with comparable terms and credit risk whenever the interest rates on the loans receivable are deemed not to be at market rates. The fair value for financing receivables does not take into consideration any residual value upon the end of the lease term. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the estimated fair value of the loans and financing receivables was $24.3 million and $24.5 million, respectively.

Note 7—Mortgage Notes, Lines of Credit and Bonds Payable

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had the following indebtedness outstanding:


										Book
		Annual								Value of
($ in thousands)		Interest			Principal					Collateral
		Rate as of		Next	Outstanding as of					as of
	Interest	March 31,	Interest Rate	Adjustment	March 31,		December 31,		Maturity	March 31,
Loan	Payment Terms	2024	Terms	Date	2024		2023		Date	2024
Farmer Mac Bond #6	Semi-annual	3.69%	Fixed	N/A	$	13,827	$	13,827	April 2025	$	19,478
Farmer Mac Bond #7	Semi-annual	3.68%	Fixed	N/A		11,160		11,160	April 2025		8,258
Farmer Mac Facility	Monthly	6.83%	SOFR + 1.50%	N/A		55,000		30,000	December 2025		92,800
MetLife Term Loan #1	Semi-annual	5.55%	Fixed	N/A		72,586		72,585	March 2026		102,171
MetLife Term Loan #4	Semi-annual	5.55%	Fixed for 3 years	March 2026		5,757		5,756	June 2026		9,534
MetLife Term Loan #5	Semi-annual	5.63%	Fixed for 3 years	January 2026		5,179		5,179	January 2027		7,383
MetLife Term Loan #6	Semi-annual	5.55%	Fixed for 3 years	February 2026		21,726		21,726	February 2027		26,230
MetLife Term Loan #7	Semi-annual	5.87%	Fixed for 3 years	June 2026		15,434		15,434	June 2027		29,770
MetLife Term Loan #8	Semi-annual	4.12%	Fixed for 10 years	December 2027		44,000		44,000	December 2042		110,042
MetLife Term Loan #9	Semi-annual	3.20%	Fixed for 3 years	May 2024 ⁽³⁾		16,800		16,800	May 2028		33,720
MetLife Term Loan #10	Semi-annual	6.36%	Fixed	N/A		48,986		48,986	October 2030		94,684
MetLife Term Loan #11	Semi-annual	2.85%	Fixed for 3 years	October 2024		12,750		12,750	October 2031		27,497
MetLife Term Loan #12	Semi-annual	3.11%	Fixed for 3 years	December 2024		14,359		14,359	December 2031		14,784
MetLife Facility	Quarterly	7.45%	SOFR + 2.10%	N/A		—		—	October 2027		112,630
Rabobank ⁽¹⁾	Semi-annual	7.16%	SOFR + 1.81%	March 2026 ⁽²⁾		45,399		45,533	March 2028		90,237
Rutledge Facility	Quarterly	7.13%	SOFR + 1.80%	April 2024 ⁽²⁾		—		5,000	March 2027		182,157
Total outstanding principal						382,963		363,095		$	961,375
Debt issuance costs						(2,073)		(2,236)
Unamortized premium						—		—
Total mortgage notes and bonds payable, net					$	380,890	$	360,859

(1)

The Company has an interest rate swap agreement with Rabobank for $33.2 million notional of fixed SOFR at 2.114% until March 2026 for a weighted average rate of approximately 4.7% (see “Note 10—Hedge Accounting”). After adjusting the $33.2 million of swapped Rabobank debt as fixed rate debt, the ratio of floating rate debt to total debt decreased from 26.2% to 17.5%.

(2)	The adjustment date included in the table above is for the spread noted under “Interest Rate Terms.”

(3)	Effective May 5, 2024, MetLife Term Loan #9 will reprice to 6.37%.

Farmer Mac Debt

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Operating Partnership had approximately $80.0 million and $55.0 million, respectively, in aggregate principal amount outstanding under the bond purchase agreement entered into in

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October 2022 (the “Farmer Mac Facility”) with Federal Agricultural Mortgage Corporation and its wholly owned subsidiary, Farmer Mac Mortgage Securities Corporation (collectively, “Farmer Mac”), and $18.1 million and $43.1 million, respectively, in additional capacity available under the Farmer Mac Facility. The Farmer Mac debt is secured by loans which are, in turn, secured by first-lien mortgages on agricultural real estate owned by wholly owned subsidiaries of the Operating Partnership. While Farmer Mac Bond #6 and Farmer Mac Bond #7 bear fixed interest rates of 3.69% and 3.68%, respectively, the Farmer Mac Facility bears interest of one-month term SOFR + 1.50% on drawn amounts and an unused commitment fee of 0.20%. In connection with the agreements, the Company entered into a guaranty agreement whereby the Company agreed to guarantee the full performance of the Operating Partnership’s duties and obligations under the Farmer Mac debt. The Farmer Mac debt is subject to the Company’s ongoing compliance with a number of customary affirmative and negative covenants, as well as a maximum loan-to-value ratio of not more than 60%. The Company was in compliance with all applicable covenants at March 31, 2024. In addition, under the Farmer Mac Facility, the Operating Partnership may request that Farmer Mac purchase additional bonds up to an additional $200.0 million, which Farmer Mac may approve at its sole discretion.

MetLife Term Debt

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had $257.6 million in aggregate principal amount outstanding under the credit agreements between Metropolitan Life Insurance Company (“MetLife”) and certain of the Company’s subsidiaries (collectively, the “MetLife credit agreements”). Each of the MetLife credit agreements contains a number of customary affirmative and negative covenants, including the requirement to maintain a loan to value ratio of no greater than 60%.

The Company also has a $75.0 million credit facility with MetLife that provides the Company with access to additional liquidity on a revolving credit basis at a floating rate of interest equal to three-month term SOFR plus 210 basis points. As of March 31, 2024, no amounts had been borrowed and all $75.0 million remained available under the senior secured revolving line of credit entered into by the Operating Partnership with MetLife in October 2022 (the “MetLife Facility”). As of March 31, 2024, the Company was in compliance with all covenants under the MetLife credit agreements and MetLife guarantees.

On each adjustment date for MetLife Term Loans #1 and 4-9, MetLife may, at its option, adjust the rate of interest to any rate of interest determined by MetLife consistent with rates for substantially similar loans secured by real estate substantially similar to the collateral. For MetLife Term Loan #11, the interest rate will be adjusted to the greater of the three-year U.S. treasury rate plus 2.20% or 2.85%. For MetLife Term Loan #12, the interest rate will be adjusted to the greater of the three-year U.S. treasury rate plus 2.10% or 2.75%. At the time of rate adjustment, the Company may make a prepayment equal to the unpaid principal balance for each of the MetLife loans. Otherwise, the Company may make a prepayment equal to 20% to 50% of the unpaid principal balance (depending on the tranche of debt) during a calendar year without penalty.

Rabobank Mortgage Note

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company and the Operating Partnership had $45.4 million and $45.5 million in aggregate principal amount outstanding, respectively, under a mortgage note with Rabobank (the “Rabobank Mortgage Note”). The Company was in compliance with all covenants under the Rabobank Mortgage Note as of March 31, 2024. The credit agreement was amended in March 2024 to eliminate the $2.1 million of annual amortization.

Rutledge Facility

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company and the Operating Partnership had $0.0 million and $5.0 million in aggregate principal amount, respectively, outstanding under a credit agreement (the “Rutledge Facility”) with Rutledge Investment Company (“Rutledge”). Each February, the facility size decreases by 2.5% of original total facility size. As a result of the February 2024 decrease, in addition to further reductions in connection with the disposition of certain properties that served as collateral for the Rutledge Facility, as of March 31, 2024 the total facility size was $85.8 million. As of March 31, 2024, $85.8 million remained available under the Rutledge Facility and the Company was in compliance with all covenants under the loan agreements relating to the Rutledge Facility.

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The interest rate for the credit facility is based on three-month SOFR, plus an applicable margin. The applicable margin for the credit facility is 1.80% to 2.25%, depending on the applicable pricing level in effect. Since April 1, 2023, the applicable margin has been 1.80%. Generally, the Rutledge Facility contains terms consistent with the Company’s prior loans with Rutledge, including, among others, the representations and warranties, affirmative, negative and financial covenants and events of default.

In connection with the Rutledge agreement, the Company and the Operating Partnership each entered into separate guarantees whereby the Company and the Operating Partnership jointly and severally agreed to unconditionally guarantee the obligations under the Rutledge Facility (the “Rutledge guarantees”). The Rutledge guarantees contain a number of customary affirmative and negative covenants.

LIBOR

On July 1, 2023, the Rabobank Mortgage Note, the Company’s only remaining indebtedness with a maturity date beyond 2023 that had exposure to LIBOR, was converted to a SOFR-based instrument. Accordingly, as of March 31, 2024, the Company did not have any indebtedness with a maturity date beyond 2023 that has exposure to LIBOR.

Debt Issuance Costs

Costs incurred by the Company in obtaining debt are deducted from the face amount of mortgage notes and bonds payable. Debt issuance costs are amortized using the straight-line method, which approximates the effective interest method, over the respective terms of the related indebtedness. Any unamortized amounts upon early repayment of mortgage notes payable are written off in the period in which repayment occurs. Fully amortized deferred financing fees are removed from the balance sheet upon maturity or repayment of the underlying debt. Accumulated amortization of deferred financing fees was $2.1 million and $1.9 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

Aggregate Maturities

As of March 31, 2024, aggregate maturities of long-term debt for the succeeding years are as follows:


($ in thousands)
Year Ending December 31,	Future Maturities
2024 (remaining nine months)	$	—
2025		79,987
2026		78,343
2027		42,339
2028		62,199
Thereafter		120,095
	$	382,963

Fair Value

The fair value of the mortgage notes payable is valued using Level 3 inputs under the hierarchy established by GAAP and is calculated based on a discounted cash flow analysis, using interest rates based on management’s estimates of market interest rates on long-term debt with comparable terms whenever the interest rates on the mortgage notes payable are deemed not to be at market rates. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the fair value of the mortgage notes payable was $365.6 million and $349.1 million, respectively.

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Note 8—Commitments and Contingencies

The Company is not currently subject to any known material contingencies arising from its business operations, nor to any material known or threatened litigation other than as discussed below.

Office Leases

The Company has seven leases in place for office space and office equipment with payments ranging between $181 and $13,711 per month and lease terms expiring between November 2024 and December 2025. The Company recognizes right of use assets and related lease liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. The Company estimated the value of the lease liabilities using discount rates ranging from 3.35% to 7.56%, equivalent to the rates we would pay on a secured borrowing with similar terms to the lease at the inception of the lease. Options to extend the lease are excluded in our minimum lease terms unless the option is reasonably certain to be exercised. During each of the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company’s total lease cost was $0.07 million. Minimum annual rental payments under these operating leases, reconciled to the lease liability included in our consolidated balance sheets, are as follows (in thousands):


($ in thousands)	Future rental
Year Ending December 31,	payments
2024 (remaining nine months)	$	190
2025		212
2026		—
2027		—
2028		—
Thereafter		—
Total lease payments		402
Less: imputed interest		(47)
Lease liability	$	355

Litigation

On July 2, 2021, the Company filed a complaint against First Sabrepoint Capital Management, LP, Sabrepoint Capital Partners, LP, Sabrepoint Capital Participation, LP, George Baxter, and Donald Marchiony (collectively, “Sabrepoint”) in the Civil District Courts of Dallas County, Texas seeking relief for their role, as alleged in the complaint, in the previously disclosed 2018 “short and distort” scheme to profit from an artificial decline in our stock price. Certain Sabrepoint defendants had prevailed previously on a motion to dismiss the case against them in the Rota Fortunae action in the United State District Court for the District of Colorado (where the state case had been removed) solely on personal jurisdiction grounds. On December 17, 2021, the Company's claims against Sabrepoint in Texas were dismissed by the trial court, which granted (i) Sabrepoint's motion for summary judgment on collateral estoppel grounds, and (ii) motion to dismiss pursuant to the Texas Citizens Participation Act (“TCPA”). On March 21, 2022, after the Company filed a notice signaling an intent to appeal both orders, the Court of Appeals for the Fifth District of Texas (the “Court of Appeals”) entered an order declaring the trial court's TCPA order “VOID because the motion was denied by operation of law….” Accordingly, the Company narrowed its appeal to the trial court's grant of summary judgment. On January 26, 2022, Sabrepoint filed a motion for attorney's fees relating to the defense of that action. The trial court granted the motion for certain fees claimed by Sabrepoint as relating to its pursuit of its TCPA motion, but as noted above, the Court of Appeals subsequently overturned the TCPA order that formed the basis of Sabrepoint’s fee request, mooting the motion and the Court’s order on the same. On June 30, 2023, the Court of Appeals granted the Company’s appeal, determining that the Company’s claims against Sabrepoint are not barred, reversing the trial court and remanding the case for further proceedings on the merits. On October 13, 2023, Sabrepoint filed a Petition for Review with the Texas Supreme Court, requesting the court to review the Court of Appeals’ decision. The Company filed a response to the Sabrepoint Petition for Review with the Texas Supreme Court on December 27, 2023, and Sabrepoint filed a reply in support of its petition on January 25, 2024. On February 16, 2024, the Texas Supreme Court requested a briefing on the merits, with petitioner’s opening brief due May 1, 2024. The Company remains confident that it will ultimately be permitted to proceed with its claims against Sabrepoint.

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Repurchase Options

For certain of the Company’s acquisitions, the seller retains the option to repurchase the property at a future date for a price, which is calculated based on an appreciation factor over the original purchase price plus the value of improvements on the property, that, at the time of the acquisition, the Company expected would be at or above the property’s fair market value at the exercise date. As of March 31, 2024, the Company had an approximate aggregate net book value of $5.1 million related to assets with unexercised repurchase options. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had received payments totaling $3.5 million related to an exercised repurchase option on a property. The repurchase option and the lease agreement were terminated by mutual agreement during the three months ended March 31, 2024, whereby the Company received a lease termination fee of $0.8 million which was recorded within rental income and retained approximately $1.2 million which was recorded in income from forfeited deposits during the three months ended March 31, 2024.

Employee Retirement Plan

Effective February 1, 2022, the Company amended the Murray Wise Associates 401(k) Profit Sharing Plan and Trust to make it available to all eligible employees of the Company under revised Farmland Partners Operating Partnership, LP 401(k) Plan (the “FPI 401(k) Plan”). The FPI 401(k) Plan is a defined contribution plan for substantially all employees. The Company has elected a “safe harbor” plan in which the Company plans to make contributions which are determined and authorized by the Company’s Board of Directors (the “Board of Directors”) each plan year. As is customary, the Company retains the right to amend the FPI 401(k) Plan at its discretion. The Company has an accrued liability for safe harbor contributions of approximately $0.1 million as of December 31, 2023 and March 31, 2023.

Note 9—Stockholders’ Equity and Non-controlling Interests

Non-controlling Interest in Operating Partnership

FPI consolidates the Operating Partnership. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, FPI owned 97.5% and 97.6% of the outstanding interests, respectively, in the Operating Partnership, and the remaining 2.5% and 2.4% interests, respectively, were held in the form of Common units and comprised non-controlling interests in the Operating Partnership on the consolidated balance sheets. The non-controlling interests in the Operating Partnership consist of both the Common units and the Series A preferred units held by third parties.

Common Units in Operating Partnership, OP Units

On or after the 12-month anniversary of becoming a holder of Common units, unless the terms of an agreement with such Common unitholder dictate otherwise, each limited partner, other than the Company, has the right, subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Second Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of the Operating Partnership, as amended (the “Partnership Agreement”), to tender for redemption all or a portion of such Common units in exchange for cash, or in the Company’s sole discretion, for shares of the Company’s common stock on a one-for-one basis. If cash is paid in satisfaction of a redemption request, the amount will be equal to the number of tendered units multiplied by the fair market value per share of the Company’s common stock on the date of the redemption notice (determined in accordance with, and subject to adjustment under, the terms of the Partnership Agreement). Any redemption request must be satisfied by the Company on or before the close of business on the tenth business day after the Company receives a notice of redemption. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, there were no redemptions of Common units. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company redeemed 34,000 Common units in exchange for cash of approximately $0.4 million. There were approximately 1.2 million outstanding Common units eligible to be tendered for redemption as of each of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

If the Company gives the limited partners notice of its intention to make an extraordinary distribution of cash or property to its stockholders or effect a merger, a sale of all or substantially all of its assets or any other similar extraordinary transaction, each limited partner may exercise its right to tender its Common units for redemption, regardless of the length of time such limited partner has held its Common units.

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Regardless of the rights described above, the Operating Partnership will not have an obligation to issue cash to a unitholder upon a redemption request if the Company elects to redeem Common units for shares of common stock. When a Common unit is redeemed, non-controlling interest in the Operating Partnership is reduced, and stockholders’ equity is increased.

The Operating Partnership intends to continue to make distributions on each Common unit in the same amount as those paid on each share of FPI’s common stock, with the distributions on the Common units held by FPI being utilized to pay dividends to FPI’s common stockholders.

Pursuant to the consolidation accounting standard with respect to the accounting and reporting for non-controlling interest changes and changes in ownership interest of a subsidiary, changes in the parent’s ownership interest when the parent retains controlling interest in the subsidiary should be accounted for as equity transactions. The carrying amount of the non-controlling interest shall be adjusted to reflect the change in its ownership interest in the subsidiary, with the offset to equity attributable to the parent. Changes in the ownership percentages between the Company’s stockholders’ equity and non-controlling interest in the Operating Partnership resulted in a decrease to the non-controlling interest in the Operating Partnership by less than $0.1 million during each of the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 with the corresponding offsets to additional paid-in capital.

Redeemable Non-Controlling Interests in Operating Partnership, Series A Preferred Units

On March 2, 2016, the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership entered into Amendment No. 1 (the “Amendment”) to the Partnership Agreement in order to provide for the issuance, and the designation of the terms and conditions, of the Series A preferred units. Pursuant to the Amendment, among other things, each Series A preferred unit has a $1,000 liquidation preference and is entitled to receive cumulative preferential cash distributions at a rate of 3.00% per annum of the $1,000 liquidation preference, which is payable annually in arrears on January 15 of each year or the next succeeding business day. The cash distributions are accrued ratably over the year and credited to redeemable non-controlling interest in the Operating Partnership, preferred units on the balance sheet with the offset recorded to retained earnings. On March 2, 2016, 117,000 Series A preferred units were issued as partial consideration in the acquisition of a portfolio of Illinois farms. Upon any voluntary or involuntary liquidation or dissolution, the Series A preferred units are entitled to a priority distribution ahead of Common units in an amount equal to the liquidation preference plus an amount equal to all distributions accumulated and unpaid to the date of such cash distribution. On May 19, 2022, the Company redeemed 5,000 Series A preferred units for $5.0 million plus accrued distributions for an aggregate of $5.1 million in cash. On September 1, 2022, the Company redeemed an additional 5,000 Series A preferred units for $5.0 million plus accrued distributions for an aggregate of $5.1 million in cash. On May 31, 2023, the Company redeemed 8,000 Series A preferred units for $8.0 million plus accrued distributions for an aggregate of $8.1 million in cash. As of March 31, 2024, 99,000 Series A preferred units were outstanding. The total liquidation value of such preferred units as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 was $99.7 million and $102.0 million, respectively, including accrued distributions.

On or after February 10, 2026 (the “Conversion Right Date”), holders of the Series A preferred units have the right to convert each Series A preferred unit into a number of Common units equal to (i) the $1,000 liquidation preference plus all accrued and unpaid distributions, divided by (ii) the volume-weighted average price per share of the Company’s common stock for the 20 trading days immediately preceding the applicable conversion date. All Common units received upon conversion may be immediately tendered for redemption for cash or, at the Company’s option, for shares of common stock on a one-for-one basis, subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Partnership Agreement. Prior to the Conversion Right Date, the Series A preferred units may not be tendered for redemption by the Holder.

On or after February 10, 2021, but prior to the Conversion Right Date, the Operating Partnership has the right to redeem some or all of the Series A preferred units, at any time and from time to time, for cash in an amount per unit equal to the $1,000 liquidation preference plus all accrued and unpaid distributions.

In the event of a Termination Transaction (as defined in the Partnership Agreement) prior to conversion, holders of the Series A preferred units generally have the right to receive the same consideration as holders of Common units and common stock, on an as-converted basis.

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Holders of the Series A preferred units have no voting rights except with respect to (i) the issuance of partnership units of the Operating Partnership senior to the Series A preferred units as to the right to receive distributions and upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Operating Partnership, (ii) the issuance of additional Series A preferred units and (iii) amendments to the Partnership Agreement that materially and adversely affect the rights or benefits of the holders of the Series A preferred units.

The Series A preferred units are accounted for as mezzanine equity on the consolidated balance sheet as the units are convertible and redeemable for shares at a determinable price and date at the option of the holder upon the occurrence of an event not solely within the control of the Company.

The following table summarizes the changes in our redeemable non-controlling interest in the Operating Partnership for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023:


	Series A Preferred Units
	Redeemable	Redeemable
	Preferred	non-controlling
(in thousands)	units	interests
Balance at December 31, 2022	107	$	110,210
Distribution paid to non-controlling interest	—		(3,210)
Accrued distributions to non-controlling interest	—		803
Redemption of Series A preferred units	—		—
Balance at March 31, 2023	107	$	107,803

Balance at December 31, 2023	99	$	101,970
Distribution paid to non-controlling interest	—		(2,970)
Accrued distributions to non-controlling interest	—		743
Redemption of Series A preferred units	—		—
Balance at March 31, 2024	99	$	99,743

Distributions

The Board of Directors declared and paid the following distributions to common stockholders and holders of Common units for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023:


Fiscal Year	Declaration Date	Record Date	Payment Date	Distributions per Common Share/OP unit
2024	January 2, 2024	January 2, 2024	January 16, 2024	$	0.0600

2023	January 2, 2023	January 2, 2023	January 17, 2023	$	0.0600

In general, common stock cash dividends declared by the Company will be considered ordinary income to stockholders for income tax purposes. From time to time, a portion of the Company’s dividends may be characterized as qualified dividends, capital gains or return of capital.

In connection with the 3.00% cumulative preferential distribution on the Series A preferred units, the Company had accrued $0.7 million in distributions payable as of March 31, 2024. The distributions are payable annually in arrears on January 15 of each year.

Share Repurchase Program

On March 15, 2017, the Board of Directors approved a program to repurchase up to $25.0 million in shares of the Company’s common stock. On August 1, 2018, the Board of Directors increased the authority under the share repurchase program by an aggregate of $30.0 million. On November 7, 2019, the Board of Directors increased the authority under the program by an additional $50.0 million. On May 3, 2023, the Board of Directors approved a $75.0 million increase. On November 1, 2023, the Board of Directors approved a $40.0 million increase in the total authorization available under the program, increasing the total availability under the share repurchase program to approximately $85.0 million as of such date. Repurchases under this program may be made from time to time, in amounts and prices as the Company deems

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appropriate. Repurchases may be made in open market or privately negotiated transactions in compliance with Rule 10b-18 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, subject to market conditions, applicable legal requirements, trading restrictions under the Company’s insider trading policy and other relevant factors. This share repurchase program does not obligate the Company to acquire any particular amount of common stock and may be modified or suspended at any time at the Company’s discretion. The Company funds repurchases under the program using cash on its balance sheet.

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company repurchased no shares of its common stock, and as of March 31, 2024, the Company had approximately $83.3 million of capacity remaining under the stock repurchase plan.

Equity Incentive Plan

On May 7, 2021, the Company’s stockholders approved the Third Amended and Restated 2014 Equity Incentive Plan (as amended and restated, the “Plan”), which increased the aggregate number of shares of the Company’s common stock reserved for issuance under the Plan to approximately 1.9 million shares. As of March 31, 2024, there were 0.2 million shares available for future grants under the Plan.

The Company may issue equity-based awards to officers, non-employee directors, employees, independent contractors and other eligible persons under the Plan. The Plan provides for the grant of stock options, share awards (including restricted stock and restricted stock units), stock appreciation rights, dividend equivalent rights, performance awards, annual incentive cash awards and other equity-based awards, including LTIP units, which are convertible on a one-for-one basis into Common units. The terms of each grant are determined by the compensation committee of the Board of Directors.

From time to time, the Company may award time-based and performance-based restricted shares of its common stock under the Plan, as compensation to officers, employees, non-employee directors and non-employee consultants. The shares of restricted stock vest generally over a period of time and/or upon the achievement of certain performance conditions, as applicable, as determined by the compensation committee of the Board of Directors at the date of grant. Performance-based restricted shares are based upon the Company’s total shareholder return measured on an absolute basis, and relative to an index, and are subject to continued employment. The number of shares of common stock that may be ultimately earned following the end of the cumulative performance period ranges from 0% to 150% of the target number of performance-based restricted shares granted. The Company recognizes compensation expense for awards issued to officers, employees and non-employee directors for restricted shares of common stock on a straight-line basis over the vesting period based upon the fair market value of the shares on the date of issuance, adjusted for forfeitures. The Company recognizes compensation expense for awards issued to non-employee consultants in the same period and in the same manner as if the Company paid cash for the underlying services.

A summary of the non-vested restricted shares as of March 31, 2024 and 2023 is as follows:


	Time-based			Performance-based
		Weighted			Weighted
	Number of	average grant		Number of	average grant
(shares in thousands)	shares	date fair value		shares	date fair value
Unvested at December 31, 2022	260	$	10.88
Granted	223		10.90
Vested	(124)		10.05
Forfeited	—		—
Unvested at March 31, 2023	359	$	11.19

Unvested at December 31, 2023	347	$	11.15	—	$	—
Granted	165		11.29	39		7.36
Vested	(152)		11.23	—		—
Forfeited	—		—	—		—
Unvested at March 31, 2024	360	$	11.18	39	$	7.36

The grant-date fair values of performance-based restricted shares were based on specified absolute and relative total stockholder return goals measured over a three-year performance period. The Company used Monte Carlo simulations, which use a probabilistic approach for estimating the fair values of the awards. Expected volatilities were derived from

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the volatility of the historical prices of the Company and the comparative index. The risk-free interest rate was determined using the yield available for zero-coupon U.S. government securities with remaining terms corresponding to the service periods of the performance-based restricted shares. A dividend yield was based on historical dividend yields for the Company and the comparative index.

The Company recognized stock-based compensation and incentive expense related to restricted stock awards of $0.5 million and $0.5 million, for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, there were $4.0 million and $2.3 million, respectively, of total unrecognized compensation costs related to nonvested stock awards, which are expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.4 years.

At-the-Market Offering Program (the “ATM Program”)

On May 6, 2022, the Company entered into equity distribution agreements under which the Company may issue and sell from time to time, through sales agents, shares of its common stock having an aggregate gross sales price of up to $100.0 million (the “ATM Program”). The ATM Program expired on April 9, 2024 in connection with the expiration of the Company’s shelf registration statement as described elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Deferred Offering Costs

Deferred offering costs include incremental direct costs incurred by the Company in connection with proposed or actual offerings of securities. At the completion of a securities offering, the deferred offering costs are charged ratably as a reduction of the gross proceeds of equity as stock is issued. If an offering is abandoned, the previously deferred offering costs will be charged to operations in the period in which the offering is abandoned. The Company incurred $0.0 million and less than $0.1 million in offering costs during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had $0.0 million in deferred offering costs, net of amortization, related to regulatory, legal, accounting and professional service costs associated with proposed or completed offerings of securities.

Earnings (Loss) per Share

The computation of basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share is shown below. Diluted earnings (loss) per share includes the impact of unvested restricted shares and Series A preferred units, if dilutive.


	For the three months ended
	March 31,
(in thousands, except per share amounts)	2024		2023
Numerator for net income per share - basic:
Net income available to common stockholders of Farmland Partners Inc.	$	606	$	857

Numerator for net income per share - diluted:
Net income available to common stockholders of Farmland Partners Inc.	$	606	$	857
Dividend equivalent rights allocated to performance-based unvested restricted shares		—		—
Nonforfeitable distributions allocated to time-based unvested restricted shares		—		—
Distributions on Series A preferred units		—		—
Numerator for net income per share - diluted:	$	606	$	857

Denominator:
Weighted-average number of common shares - basic		47,704		54,007
Unvested time-based restricted shares		—		—
Unvested performance-based restricted shares		—		—
Redeemable non-controlling interest		—		—
Weighted-average number of common shares - diluted ⁽¹⁾		47,704		54,007

Income per share attributable to common stockholders - basic	$	0.01	$	0.02
Income per share attributable to common stockholders - diluted	$	0.01	$	0.02

(1)	The limited partners’ outstanding Common units, or the non-controlling interests, (which may be redeemed for shares of common stock) have not been included in the diluted earnings per share calculation as there would be no effect on the amounts since the limited partners’ share of income

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would also be added back to net income, therefore increasing both net income and shares. The weighted average number of Common units held by the non-controlling interest was 1.2 million during each of the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.

Numerator:

Unvested shares of the Company’s restricted common stock are considered participating securities, which requires the use of the two-class method for the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share. Unvested share-based payment awards that contain non-forfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents (whether paid or unpaid) are participating securities and shall be included in the computation of earnings per share pursuant to the two-class method. Accordingly, distributed and undistributed earnings attributable to unvested restricted shares (participating securities) have been subtracted, as applicable, from net income or loss attributable to common stockholders utilized in the basic and diluted earnings per share calculations.

Denominator:

The outstanding Series A preferred units are non-participating securities and thus are included in the computation of diluted earnings per share on an as-if-converted basis if they are dilutive. For the three months ended March 31, 2024, these shares were not included in the diluted earnings per share calculation as they would have been anti-dilutive.

For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, diluted weighted average common shares do not include the impact of unvested compensation-related shares as they would have been anti-dilutive.

Outstanding Equity Awards and Units

The following equity awards and units were outstanding as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.


	March 31, 2024	December 31, 2023
Shares	47,795	47,656
Common Units	1,203	1,203
Unvested Restricted Stock Awards	360	347
	49,358	49,206

Note 10—Hedge Accounting

Cash Flow Hedging Strategy

The Company manages economic risks, including interest rate, liquidity, and credit risk, by managing the amount, sources, duration and interest rate exposure of its financing sources. The Company may also use interest rate derivative financial instruments, primarily interest rate swaps. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company was a party to one interest rate swap, designated as a hedging instrument, to add stability to interest expense and to manage its exposure to adverse interest rate movements.

For derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as a cash flow hedge (i.e., hedging the exposure to variability in expected future cash flows that is attributable to a particular risk), the entire change in the fair value of the Company’s designated cash flow hedges is recorded to accumulated other comprehensive income, a component of stockholders’ equity in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.

On March 26, 2020, the Company terminated its existing swap agreement and entered into a new interest rate swap agreement to obtain a more favorable interest rate and to manage interest rate risk exposure, which was effective April 1, 2020. An interest rate swap agreement utilized by the Company effectively modified the Company’s exposure to interest rate risk by converting the Company’s floating-rate debt to a fixed rate basis for the next six years on 50% of the outstanding amount to Rabobank at the time of the agreement, thus reducing the impact of interest rate changes on future interest expense. This agreement involves the receipt of floating rate amounts in exchange for fixed rate interest payments over the life of the agreement without an exchange of the underlying principal amount. The fair value of the de-designated

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swap was $2.6 million on the termination date. The Company amortized the de-designated swap over the original term utilizing a forward curve analysis of determining monthly amortization out of Other Comprehensive Income through the original termination date (March 1, 2023). During the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, amortization was $0.0 million and $0.2 million, respectively. The Company’s $2.6 million termination fee was rolled into the new swap and will be paid through March 1, 2026. Termination fees paid during each of the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 were $0.1 million.

The Company determines the hedge effectiveness of its interest rate swaps at inception by applying a quantitative evaluation of effectiveness using regression analysis. On an ongoing basis the Company applies an initial qualitative assessment of on-going effectiveness and reviews hedge effectiveness through assessing the hedge relationship by comparing the current terms of the swap and the associated debt to ensure they continue to coincide through the continued ability of the Counterparty to the swap to honor its obligations under the swap contract. The qualitative assessment may indicate that the hedge relationship is not highly effective, the Company would then perform a quantitative evaluation using regression analysis. The Company concluded the hedge was highly effective at inception and remained highly effective as of March 31, 2024.

As of March 31, 2024, the total notional amount of the Company’s receive-variable/pay-fixed interest rate swap was $33.2 million.

The fair value of the Company’s derivative instrument on a recurring basis is set out below:


($ in thousands)
Instrument	Balance sheet location	Level 2 Fair Value
Interest rate swap	Derivative asset	$	1,602

The effect of derivative instruments on the consolidated statements of operations for the periods ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 is set out below:


Cash flow hedging relationships		Location of Gain (Loss) reclassified from Accumulated OCI into income
Interest rate contracts		Interest expense

The net change associated with current period hedging transactions was ($0.2) million and ($0.4) million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The amortization of frozen Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income was $0.0 million and $0.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The fair values of the Company’s interest rate swap agreements are determined using the market standard methodology of netting the discounted future fixed cash payments and the discounted expected variable cash receipts, which is considered a Level 2 measurement under the fair value hierarchy. Level 2 is defined as inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable. There were no transfers between Levels 1, 2 or 3 during the three months ended March 31, 2024. The variable cash receipts are based on an expectation of future interest rates (forward curves) derived from observable market interest rate curves.

The following table outlines the movements in the other comprehensive income account as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:


($ in thousands)	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Beginning accumulated derivative instrument gain or loss	$	2,691	$	3,306
Net change associated with current period hedging transactions		(215)		(813)
Amortization of frozen AOCI on de-designated hedge		—		198
Difference between a change in fair value of excluded components		—		—
Closing accumulated derivative instrument gain or loss	$	2,476	$	2,691

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Note 11—Income Taxes

The TRS income/(loss) before provision for income taxes consisted of the following:


	For the three months ended
($ in thousands)	March 31, 2024		March 31, 2023
United States	$	(972)	$	84
International		—		—
Total	$	(972)	$	84

The federal and state income tax provision (benefit) is summarized as follows:


	For the three months ended
($ in thousands)	March 31, 2024		March 31, 2023
Current:
Federal	$	—	$	1
State		—		1
Total Current Tax (Benefit) Expense	$	—	$	2
Deferred:
Federal		19		7
Total Tax Expense	$	19	$	9

Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of (a) temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes, and (b) operating losses and tax credit carryforwards. The tax effects of significant items comprising the TRS’s deferred taxes as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 are as follows:


($ in thousands)	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss	$	2,214	$	1,996
Stock Compensation		8		5
Deferred Revenue		79		3
Charitable Contributions		4		4
Total deferred tax assets	$	2,305		2,008
Deferred tax liabilities:
Fixed assets	$	(21)	$	(15)
Intangible Assets		(203)		(181)
Total deferred tax liabilities	$	(224)	$	(196)
Valuation Allowance		(2,140)		(1,851)
Net deferred taxes	$	(59)	$	(39)

ASC 740 requires that the tax benefit of net operating losses, temporary differences and credit carryforwards be recorded as an asset to the extent that management assesses that realization is “more likely than not.” Realization of the future tax benefits is dependent on the TRS’s ability to generate sufficient taxable income within the carryforward period. Because of the TRS’s recent history of operating losses, and management’s inability to accurately project future taxable income, management believes that recognition of the deferred tax assets arising from the above-mentioned future tax benefits is currently not likely to be realized and, accordingly, has provided a valuation allowance. The valuation allowance increased by $0.3 million during the three months ended March 31, 2024. The amount of the valuation allowance for deferred tax assets associated with excess tax deduction from stock-based incentive arrangements that is allocated to contributed capital if the future tax benefits are subsequently recognized is $0.0 million.

Net operating losses and tax credit carryforwards as of March 31, 2024 are as follows:

($ in thousands)

March 31, 2024

Expiration Year

Net operating losses, federal (Post-December 31, 2017)

8,490

Does not expire

Net operating losses, state

6,189

Various

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The effective tax rate of the TRS’s provision (benefit) for income taxes differs from the federal statutory rate as follows:


	Tax (Benefit) Expense				Tax Rate
	For the three months ended March 31,				For the three months ended March 31,
($ in thousands	2024		2023		2024		2023
Statutory Rate	$	(204)	$	18	21.00	%	21.00	%
State Tax		(68)		5	7.00	%	6.03	%
Valuation Allowance		291		(14)	(29.95)	%	(16.12)	%
	$	19	$	9	(1.95)	%	10.91	%

Note 12—Subsequent Events

We have evaluated subsequent events and transactions for potential recognition or disclosure in the financial statements through the day the financial statements were issued.

Dividends

On April 29, 2024, the Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.06 per share of common stock and Common unit payable on July 15, 2024 to stockholders and unitholders of record as of July 1, 2024.

Borrowings on Credit Facilities

Subsequent to March 31, 2024, the Company made borrowings of $5.0 million against the Company’s lines of credit.

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Item 2.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

The following analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and the notes included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report, as well as the information contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, filed with the Securities Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on February 29, 2024, which is accessible on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. References to “the Company,” “we,” “our,” and “us” refer to Farmland Partners Inc. (“FPI”), a Maryland corporation, together with its consolidated subsidiaries, including Farmland Partners Operating Partnership, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (the “Operating Partnership”), of which FPI is the sole member of the sole general partner.

Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

We make statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (set forth in Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)). These forward-looking statements include, without limitation, statements concerning pending acquisitions and dispositions, projections, predictions, expectations, estimates or forecasts as to our business, financial and operational results, future stock repurchases and other transactions affecting our capitalization, our dividend policy, future economic performance, crop yields and prices and future rental rates for our properties, ongoing litigation, as well as statements of management’s goals and objectives and other similar expressions concerning matters that are not historical facts. When we use the words “may,” “should,” “could,” “would,” “predicts,” “potential,” “continue,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “future,” “intends,” “plans,” “believes,” “estimates” or similar expressions or their negatives, as well as statements in future tense, we intend to identify forward-looking statements. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are based upon reasonable assumptions, beliefs and expectations, such forward-looking statements are not predictions of future events or guarantees of future performance, and our actual results could differ materially from those set forth in the forward-looking statements. Some factors that might cause such a difference include the following: the ongoing war in Ukraine and the ongoing conflict in the Middle East and their impacts on our tenants’ businesses and the farm economy generally, changes in trade policies in the United States and other countries that import U.S. agricultural products, high inflation and elevated interest rates, the onset of an economic recession in the United States and other countries that impact the farm economy, extreme weather events, such as droughts, tornadoes, hurricanes or floods, the impact of future public health crises on our business and on the economy and capital markets generally, general volatility of the capital markets and the market price of our common stock, changes in our business strategy, availability, terms and deployment of capital, our ability to refinance existing indebtedness at or prior to maturity on favorable terms, or at all, availability of qualified personnel, changes in our industry or the general economy, the degree and nature of our competition, the outcomes of ongoing litigation, our ability to identify new acquisitions or dispositions and close on pending acquisitions or dispositions and the other factors described in the risk factors described in Item 1A, “Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, and in other documents that we file from time to time with the SEC. Given these uncertainties, undue reliance should not be placed on such statements. We assume no obligation to update forward-looking statements to reflect actual results, changes in assumptions or changes in other factors affecting forward-looking statements, except to the extent required by law.

Overview and Background

Our primary strategic objective is to utilize our position as a leading institutional acquirer, owner and manager of high-quality farmland located in agricultural markets throughout North America to deliver strong risk adjusted returns to investors through a combination of cash dividends and asset appreciation. As of March 31, 2024, we owned farms with an aggregate of approximately 134,700 acres in Arkansas, California, Colorado, Florida, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina and Texas. In addition, as of March 31, 2024, we owned land and buildings for four agriculture equipment dealerships in Ohio leased to Ag Pro under the John Deere brand and served as property manager for approximately 42,700 acres, including farms in Iowa. As of March 31, 2024, approximately 70% of our portfolio (by value) was used to grow primary crops, such as corn, soybeans, wheat, rice and cotton, and approximately 30% was used to produce specialty crops, such as almonds, pistachios, citrus, strawberries, and edible beans. We believe our portfolio gives investors the economic benefit of increasing global food demand in the face of growing scarcity of high-quality farmland and will continue to reflect the approximate allocation of U.S. agricultural

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output between primary crops and animal protein (whose production relies principally on primary crops as feed), on one hand, and specialty crops, on the other.

In addition, under the FPI Loan Program, we make loans to third-party farmers (both tenant and non-tenant) to provide financing for property acquisitions, working capital requirements, operational farming activities, farming infrastructure projects and for other farming and agricultural real estate related projects.

FPI was incorporated in Maryland on September 27, 2013, and is the sole member of the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership, which is a Delaware limited partnership that was formed on September 27, 2013. All of FPI’s assets are held by, and its operations are primarily conducted through, the Operating Partnership and its wholly owned subsidiaries. As of March 31, 2024, FPI owned 97.5% of the Common units and none of the Series A preferred units. See “Note 9—Stockholders’ Equity and Non-controlling Interests” within the notes to the consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information regarding the non-controlling interests.

FPI has elected to be taxed as a REIT under Sections 856 through 860 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, commencing with its short taxable year ended December 31, 2014.

The following table sets forth our ownership of acreage by region as of March 31, 2024:


Region ⁽¹⁾	Owned Acres	Managed Acres	Total Acres
Corn Belt ⁽²⁾	46,414	26,838	73,252
Delta and South	26,427	8,763	35,190
High Plains	21,831	1,380	23,211
Southeast	28,825	5,693	34,518
West Coast	11,189	—	11,189
	134,686	42,674	177,360

(1)

Corn Belt includes farms located in Illinois, Indiana, Missouri and eastern Nebraska. Delta and South includes farms located in Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi and Oklahoma. High Plains includes farms located in Colorado, Kansas and Texas. Southeast includes farms located in Florida, North Carolina and South Carolina. West Coast includes farms located in California.

(2)	In addition, we own land and buildings for four agriculture equipment dealerships in Ohio leased to Ag Pro under the John Deere brand.

We intend to continue acquiring additional farmland that we believe provides opportunities for risk-adjusted investment returns consistent with our primary strategic objective. We also intend to continue to selectively dispose of assets when we believe we can redeploy the proceeds from such sales in a manner that enhances stockholder returns. We also may acquire, and make loans secured by mortgages on, properties related to farming, such as grain storage facilities, grain elevators, feedlots, processing plants and distribution centers, as well as livestock farms or ranches. In addition, we provide volume purchasing services to our tenants, engage directly in farming, and provide property management, auction, and brokerage services through FPI Agribusiness Inc., our taxable REIT subsidiary (the “TRS” or “FPI Agribusiness”). As of March 31, 2024, the TRS directly operated 2,103 acres of farmland located in California.

Our principal source of revenue is rent from tenants that conduct farming operations on our farmland. The majority of the leases that are in place as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q have fixed rent payments. Some of our leases have variable rents based on the revenue generated by our farm-operator tenants. We believe that this mix of fixed and variable rents will help insulate us from the variability of farming operations and reduce our credit-risk exposure to farm-operator tenants while making us an attractive landlord in certain regions where variable leases are customary. However, we may be exposed to tenant credit risk and farming operation risks, particularly with respect to leases that do not require advance payment of 100% of the fixed rent, variable rent arrangements and leases with terms greater than one year.

In addition, for leases that provide for variable rent payments, we may recognize revenue up to the amount of the crop insurance minimum. The excess above crop insurance minimums cannot be recognized as revenue until the tenant enters into a contract to sell their crop. Generally, we expect tenants to enter into contracts to sell their crop following the harvest of the crop.

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Impact of the War in Ukraine

Food prices were near record highs even before the invasion of Ukraine. Ukraine and the Russian Federation represent large portions of global trade in a variety of agricultural products (e.g., 34% of global wheat exports, according to the International Food Policy Research Institute). The disruption in farming operations in Ukraine, and trade from the Black Sea region has stressed the food supply for many countries that depend on imports of agricultural products from the region, such as Egypt (wheat for food products) and China (corn for livestock).

The Russian Federation is also a major exporter of fertilizers and trade restrictions have hampered the flow of fertilizers to countries dependent on imports from the Black Sea region. United States farmers, including our tenants, however, generally source fertilizers from the United States and Canada.

We anticipate that U.S. farmers will continue to be an important contributor to global food imports as Russia continues its aggression against Ukraine, and high demand for primary crops, which are the core of our business, together with high commodity prices, will sustain high levels of profitability for U.S. farmers. We can provide no assurances as to whether this anticipated increase in profitability will have an impact on rental rates in the regions in which we operate.

Inflation and Interest Rates

Most of our farming leases have lease terms of three years for row crops and up to seven years for permanent crops, pursuant to which each tenant is responsible for substantially all of the operating expenses related to the property, including maintenance, water usage and insurance. As a result, we believe that the effect on us of inflationary increases in operating expenses are borne largely by our tenants under the terms of their leases. We believe that inflationary increases in farmer profitability will continue to impact lease renegotiations upon renewals, as we experienced in the most recent renewal cycle in late 2023. Furthermore, high levels of inflation have prompted the Board of Governors of the United States Federal Reserve (the “Federal Reserve”) to increase the federal funds rate, which has led to a significant increase in market short- and long-term interest rates since the beginning of 2022. This increase in rates has significantly increased the cost of our floating rate debt and has also significantly increased the cost of certain of our MetLife debt with interest rates that have been reset since the beginning of 2022 and will reset again in 2024. The Federal Reserve may continue this policy of maintaining elevated rates, which would further increase interest expense for many businesses, including the Company.

Factors That May Influence Future Results of Operations and Farmland Values

The principal factors affecting our operating results and the value of our farmland include long-term global demand for food relative to the global supply of food; farmland fundamentals and economic conditions in the markets in which we own farmland; and our ability to increase or maintain rental revenues while controlling expenses. We are currently in an environment of appreciating land values, driven by, among other things, inflation, strong commodity prices (further exacerbated by the war in Ukraine) and an outlook for high levels of farmer profitability. Sustained high interest rates can serve as a counter-balancing external factor to this favorable environment. Each year additional farmland in various portions of the world, including the United States, is repurposed for commercial development, thus decreasing the land acreage available for production of grains, oil seeds, permanent and specialty crops necessary to feed the world’s growing population. Although farmland prices may show a decline from time to time, we believe that any reduction in U.S. farmland values overall is likely to be short-lived as global demand for food and agricultural commodities typically exceeds global supply and quality farmland becomes scarcer.

Food Demand

We expect that global demand for food, driven primarily by significant increases in the gross domestic product (“GDP”) per capita and global population, will continue to be the key driver of farmland values. We expect that global demand for most crops will continue to keep pace with global population growth. We also believe that growth in global GDP per capita, particularly in developing nations, will contribute significantly to increasing demand for primary crops. As global GDP per capita increases, the composition of daily caloric intake is expected to shift away from the direct consumption of primary crops toward more fruits, vegetables and animal-based proteins, which is expected to result in increased demand for primary crops as feed for livestock. We believe that once individuals increase consumption of higher

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quality food, they will strongly resist returning to their former dietary habits, resulting in greater inelasticity in the demand for food. We anticipate these factors will lead to either higher crop prices and/or higher yields and, therefore, higher rental rates on our farmland, as well as sustained growth in farmland values over the long term.

In addition, global demand for corn and soybeans as inputs in the production of biofuels such as ethanol and soy-based diesel also could impact the prices of corn and soybeans, which, in the long term, could impact our rental revenues and our results of operations. However, we believe that growth in GDP per capita and global population will be more significant drivers of global demand for primary crops over the long term.

Despite advances in income, according to “The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2023,” a report by the UN FAO, 2.4 billion people were facing moderate to severe food insecurity in 2022. The ongoing war in Ukraine has disrupted supply chains and affected the prices of grain, fertilizer, and energy, further stressing food supplies for developing countries that are dependent on food imports.

Farmland Supply

According to the World Bank Group arable land per capita has decreased by approximately 50% from 1961 to 2021, further exacerbated by international conflicts, such as the ongoing war in Ukraine. Typically, additions to cropland are in areas of marginal productivity, while cropland loss, driven by urban development, tends to affect primarily highly productive areas. According to a study published in 2017 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, urban expansion is expected to take place on cropland that is 1.77 times more productive than the global average. The global supply of food is also impacted by the productivity per acre of arable land. Historically, productivity gains (measured by average crop yields) have been driven by advances in seed technology, farm equipment, irrigation techniques, and improvements in soil health, chemical nutrients and pest control. On the other hand, we expect the shortage of water in many irrigated growing regions in the United States and around the globe, often as a result of new water restrictions imposed by laws or regulations, to lead to decreased productivity on those acres.

Conditions in Our Existing Markets

Our portfolio is broadly diversified across numerous farmland markets and crop types. Across all regions, farmland acquisitions continue to be dominated by buyers who are existing farm owners and operators, whereas institutional investors constitute a small fraction of the industry (less than 5% of total farmland in the United States). We generally see firm demand for high quality properties across all regions and crop types.

Farmland values are typically very stable, often showing modest increases even in years of commodity price weakness. We expect this trend to continue, with modest but consistent annual increases that compound into significant appreciation in the long term. Under certain market conditions, as in 2021, 2022 and 2023, with strong commodity prices and farmer profitability, there are periods of accelerating appreciation in farmland values. Leases renegotiated under the robust market conditions experienced in 2021, 2022, and 2023 reflected significant rent increases. While the pace of appreciation and transaction volume slowed in 2023 and early 2024, these metrics remain strong relative to long-term trends.

We believe quality farmland in the United States has a near-zero vacancy rate as a result of the supply and demand fundamentals discussed above. We believe that due to the relatively high fixed costs associated with farming operations (including equipment, labor and knowledge), many farm operators choose to rent additional acres of farmland when it becomes available in order to allocate their fixed costs over additional acres. Our view is that rental rates for farmland are a function of farmland operators’ view of the long-term profitability of farmland, and that many farm operators will compete for farmland even during periods of decreased profitability due to the scarcity of farmland available to rent. Furthermore, because it is generally customary in the industry to provide the existing tenant with the opportunity to re-lease the land at the end of each lease term, we believe that many farm operators will rent additional land that becomes available in order to control the ability to farm that land in future periods. As a result, in our experience, many farm operators will aggressively pursue rental opportunities in their operable geographic area, even when the farmer anticipates lower profits returns or even short-term losses. As we move into an environment with lower grain prices, combined with higher interest rates, we are monitoring the financial health and liquidity of our tenants.

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Lease Expirations

Farm leases are generally one to three years in duration. As of March 31, 2024, our portfolio had the following lease expirations as a percentage of approximate acres leased and annual minimum fixed rents:


($ in thousands)
Year Ending December 31,	Approximate Acres	% of Approximate Acres		Annual Fixed Rents		% of Annual Fixed Rents
2024 (remaining nine months)	41,941	31.1	%	$	10,869	31.5	%
2025	21,381	15.9	%		5,452	15.8	%
2026	43,809	32.5	%		9,748	28.2	%
2027	14,898	11.1	%		4,779	13.8	%
2028	91	0.1	%		59	0.2	%
Thereafter	12,566	9.3	%		3,651	10.5	%
	134,686	100.0	%	$	34,558	100.0	%

Rental Revenues

Our revenues are primarily generated from renting farmland to operators of farming businesses. Our leases generally have terms ranging from one to three years, with some extending up to 40 years (e.g., renewable energy leases). Although the majority of our leases do not provide the tenant with a contractual right to renew the lease upon its expiration, we believe it is customary to provide the existing tenant with the opportunity to renew the lease, subject to any increase in the rental rate that we may establish. If the tenant elects not to renew the lease at the end of the lease term, the land will be offered to a new tenant. As discussed above, the vacancy rate for quality U.S. farmland is near-zero and there is often competition among prospective tenants for quality farmland; accordingly, we do not believe that re-leasing farmland upon the expiration of existing leases is a significant risk for the Company.

The leases for the majority of the row-crop properties in our portfolio provide that tenants pay us, typically, 50% of their fixed farm rent in advance of each spring planting season. As a result, we collect a significant portion of total annual rents in the first calendar quarter of each year, which we believe mitigates the tenant credit risk associated with the variability of farming operations that could be adversely impacted by poor crop yields, weather conditions, mismanagement, undercapitalization or other factors affecting our tenants. Tenant credit risk is further mitigated by the farming industry practice of purchasing crop insurance in almost every circumstance because it is required by lenders who provide working capital financing to our tenants and due to requirements in our leases. In certain cases, the Company perfects its security interest in the crop insurance proceeds and the underlying growing crops using practices applicable in the state where the farm is located. Prior to acquiring farmland property, we take into consideration the competitiveness of the local farm-operator tenant environment in order to enhance our ability to quickly replace a tenant that is unwilling to renew a lease or is unable to pay a rent payment when it is due. Many of our leases provide for the reimbursement by the tenant of the property’s real estate taxes that we pay in connection with the farms they rent from us.

Expenses

Substantially all of our farm leases are structured in such a way that we are responsible for major maintenance expenses, certain liability and casualty insurance and taxes (which are sometimes reimbursed to us by our tenants), while our tenant is responsible for operating expenses, minor maintenance, water usage and all of the additional input costs related to farming operations on the property, such as seed, fertilizer, labor and fuel. We expect leases for farmland we acquire in the future will contain similar features related to expenses. As the owner of the land, we generally only bear costs related to major capital improvements permanently attached to the property, such as irrigation systems, drainage tile, grain storage facilities, permanent plantings or other physical structures customary for farms. In cases where capital expenditures are necessary, we typically seek to offset, over a period of multiple years, the costs of such capital expenditures by increasing rental rates.

We incur costs associated with running a public company, including, among others, costs associated with our personnel, Board of Directors, compliance, legal and accounting, due diligence and acquisitions (including, among others, travel expenses and consulting fees). Inflation in personnel costs, which is impacting many United States businesses, is also likely to impact our expenses.

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We also incur costs associated with managing farmland assets. The management of our farmland, generally, has significant economies of scale, as farmland generally has minimal physical structures that require routine inspection and maintenance, and our leases, generally, are structured to require the tenant to pay many of the operating expenses associated with the property. We do not expect the expenses associated with managing our portfolio of farmland to increase significantly as the number of farm properties we own increases over time.

Crop Prices

While many people assume that short-term crop prices have a great impact on farm values, we believe that long-term farmer profitability and revenue per acre, expressed as crop prices multiplied by crop yield, is a much more significant driver of farm value. Crop yield trends in corn and soybeans have been steadily increasing over the last thirty years. After yields for the 2022/2023 marketing year (September 2022 to August 2023) decreased slightly for both corn and soybeans compared to the previous year, the U.S. Department of Agriculture projects yields to increase slightly for the 2023/2024 marketing year (September 2023 to August 2024). Short-term crop price changes have had little effect historically on farmland values. They also have a limited impact on our rental revenue, as most of our leases provide for fixed farm rents, a common approach in agricultural markets, especially with respect to row crops. Fixed farm rent significantly simplifies the administrative requirements for the landlord and the tenant, as farmers benefit from the fundamental revenue hedging that occurs when large crop yields mitigate the effect of lower crop prices. Similarly, lower crop yields have a tendency to trigger higher crop prices and help increase revenue even when confronted by lower crop yields. Such hedging effect also limits the impact of short-term crop price changes on revenues generated by leases with a variable rent component based on farm revenues. Further risk mitigation is available to tenants, and indirectly to us, via crop insurance and hedging programs implemented by tenants. Our TRS also takes advantage of these risk mitigation programs and strategies with respect to the properties it directly operates.

Crop prices are affected by many factors that can differ on a yearly basis. Weather conditions and crop diseases can create a significant risk of price volatility. Changes in government regulations and policy, fluctuations in global prosperity, fluctuations in foreign trade and export markets and eruptions of military conflicts, such as the war in Ukraine and the ongoing conflict in the Middle East, or civil unrest also impact crop prices.

Interest Rates

The Federal Reserve has engaged in a series of significant increases in the federal funds rate, which is the rate the Federal Reserve charges member banks for overnight funds. These increases affect all borrowing rates, and for variable rate debt and debt with rates that reset periodically, such increases have a direct and relatively immediate impact.

As of March 31, 2024, $136.0 million of our outstanding indebtedness was subject to interest rates that reset before maturity (excluding our floating rate debt), of which $43.9 million was subject to interest rates that will be reset in 2024. As of March 31, 2024, the weighted average interest rate of the indebtedness subject to interest rate resets in 2024 was 3.07%.

At March 31, 2024, $100.4 million, or 26.2%, of our debt had variable interest rates, however, as stated in “Note 10—Hedge Accounting” to the accompanying consolidated financial statements, the Company has an interest rate swap with Rabobank for $33.2 million, which reduces floating rate exposure to $67.2 million. After adjusting the $33.2 million of swapped Rabobank debt as fixed rate debt, the ratio of floating rate debt to total debt decreased to 17.5%. Assuming no increase in the level of our variable rate debt spreads, if SOFR increased by 1.0%, our cash flow would decrease by approximately $0.7 million per year, and if SOFR decreased by 1.0%, our cash flow would increase approximately $0.7 million per year.

We expect that future changes in interest rates will impact our overall operating performance by, among other things, affecting our borrowing costs and borrowing costs of our tenants. While we may seek to manage our exposure to future changes in rates through interest rate swap agreements or interest rate caps, portions of our overall outstanding debt will likely remain at floating rates or subject to interest rates that reset periodically. In addition, a sustained material increase in interest rates may cause farmland prices to decline if the rise in real interest rates (nominal interest rates minus the

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inflation rate) is not accompanied by rises in the general levels of inflation. However, our business model anticipates that over time the value of our farmland will increase, as it has in the past, at a rate that is equal to or greater than the rate of inflation, which may in part offset the impact of rising interest rates on the value of our farmland, but there can be no guarantee that this appreciation will occur to the extent that we anticipate or at all.

International Trade

After a 33% decrease in exports of corn for the 2022/2023 marketing year (September 2022 to August 2023), the U.S. Department of Agriculture (the “USDA”) estimates corn exports will be up 26% for the 2023/2024 marketing year (September 2023 to August 2024). After a 7% decrease in exports of soybeans for the 2022/2023 marketing year, the USDA estimates soybean exports will be down 15% for the 2023/2024 marketing year, due to competition from South American production and the strong U.S. Dollar.

According to the USDA Outlook for Agricultural Trade, the top three export countries from the United States were China, Mexico, and Canada. Exports to China for fiscal year 2023 (October 2022 to September 2023) were $33.7 billion, down 7% from 2022. Exports to Canada were $27.9 billion, down 3% from 2022. Exports to Mexico were $28.2 billion, up 1% from 2022. Exports to China for fiscal year 2024 are forecast to decrease to $28.7 billion, while exports to Mexico and Canada are expected to increase slightly to $28.4 billion and $28.0 billion, respectively.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires that management make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of our financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Except as set forth in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, there have been no changes to our critical accounting policies disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

New or Revised Accounting Standards

For a summary of the new or revised accounting standards, please refer to “Note 1—Organization and Significant Accounting Policies” within the notes to the consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

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Results of Operations

Comparison of the three months ended March 31, 2024 to the three months ended March 31, 2023


	For the three months ended March 31,
($ in thousands)	2024		2023		$ Change		% Change
OPERATING REVENUES:
Rental income	$	10,207	$	10,726	$	(519)	(4.8)	%
Crop sales		660		360		300	83.3	%
Other revenue		1,123		1,586		(463)	(29.2)	%
Total operating revenues		11,990		12,672		(682)	(5.4)	%

OPERATING EXPENSES
Depreciation, depletion and amortization		1,481		1,794		(313)	(17.4)	%
Property operating expenses		1,798		2,182		(384)	(17.6)	%
Cost of goods sold		541		946		(405)	(42.8)	%
Acquisition and due diligence costs		27		14		13	92.9	%
General and administrative expenses		2,627		2,606		21	0.8	%
Legal and accounting		333		244		89	36.5	%
Other operating expenses		36		49		(13)	(26.5)	%
Total operating expenses		6,843		7,835		(992)	(12.7)	%

OTHER (INCOME) EXPENSE:
Other (income)		(120)		(11)		(109)	990.9	%
(Income) loss from equity method investment		(77)		27		(104)	NM
(Gain) loss on disposition of assets, net		86		(1,826)		1,912	NM
(Income) from forfeited deposits		(1,205)		—		(1,205)	NM
Interest expense		5,036		4,924		112	2.3	%
Total other expense		3,720		3,114		606	19.5	%

Net income before income tax expense		1,427		1,723		(296)	(17.2)	%

Income tax expense		19		9		10	111.1	%

NET INCOME	$	1,408	$	1,714	$	(306)	(17.9)	%

NM=Not Meaningful

Our net income for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was affected partially by acquisitions and dispositions that occurred since the quarter ended March 31, 2023, as well as by higher crop sales, lower cost of goods sold, and income from forfeited deposits.

Rental income decreased $0.5 million, or 4.8%, for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023, resulting primarily from dispositions that occurred in 2023, partially offset by increased variable rent.

Crop sales increased $0.3 million, or 83.3%, for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023. This increase was the result of a higher volume of walnut sales on our directly operated properties.

Other revenue decreased $0.5 million, or 29.2%, for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023. This decrease was primarily due to a decrease of $0.6 million in crop insurance proceeds and $0.1 million in auction and brokerage revenue, partially offset by an increase of $0.2 million in management fees and interest income.

Depreciation, depletion and amortization decreased $0.3 million, or 17.4%, for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023. This decrease was a result of asset dispositions in 2023 and more assets becoming fully depreciated, partially offset by depreciable assets being placed into service.

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Property operating expenses decreased $0.4 million, or 17.6%, for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023, resulting from lower tax expenses, insurance and repairs.

Cost of goods sold decreased $0.4 million, or 42.8%, for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023. This decrease was the result of a lower volume of crop sold on citrus farms, partially offset by an increase in walnuts in the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Acquisition and due diligence costs were negligible during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and remained relatively consistent compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023.

General and administrative expenses remained flat at $2.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.

Legal and accounting expenses remained relatively flat at $0.3 million and $0.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Impairment of assets was negligible during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and remained relatively consistent compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Other operating expenses were negligible during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and remained relatively consistent compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Other income remained relatively flat at $0.1 million and $0.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

(Income) loss from equity method investment remained relatively flat at $0.1 million and $0.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

(Gain) loss on disposition of assets, net changed from gain on disposition of assets of $1.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 to loss on disposition of assets of $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The loss on sale of assets during the three months ended March 31, 2024 was attributable to dispositions of fixed assets while the gain on sale of assets during the three months ended March 31, 2023 was attributable to dispositions of two properties, as well as the disposal of fixed assets.

(Income) from forfeited deposits was $1.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to $0.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, due to the termination of a repurchase agreement and the retention of $1.2 million in earnest money payments.

Interest expense remained relatively flat at $5.0 million and $4.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Income tax expense was negligible during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and remained relatively consistent compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Overview

Liquidity is a measure of our ability to meet potential cash requirements, including ongoing commitments to repay any outstanding borrowings, fund and maintain our assets and operations, acquire new properties, make distributions to our stockholders and unitholders, and fund other general business needs.

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High levels of inflation have prompted the Federal Reserve to increase interest rates which has resulted in, and may continue to result in, increased interest expense. We expect to meet our liquidity needs through cash on hand, undrawn availability under our lines of credit ($178.9 million in availability as of March 31, 2024), operating cash flows, borrowings, proceeds from equity issuances and selective asset dispositions where such dispositions are deemed to be in the best interests of the Company.

On May 6, 2022, we entered into equity distribution agreements under which we issued and sold from time to time, through sales agents, shares of our common stock having an aggregate gross sales price of up to $100.0 million in an at-the-market offering program (the “ATM Program”). The ATM Program was intended to provide cost-effective financing alternatives in the capital markets. The ATM Program expired on April 9, 2024 in connection with the expiration of the Company’s shelf registration statement as described below. In connection with the expiration of the ATM Program, the Company intends to explore additional financing alternatives, including, without limitation, entry into another at-the-market offering program.

Our ability to incur additional debt will depend on a number of factors, including our degree of leverage, the value of our unencumbered assets, compliance with the covenants under our existing debt agreements, borrowing restrictions that may be imposed by lenders and the conditions of debt markets.

When material debt repayments are due within the following 12 months, we work with current and new lenders and other potential sources of capital sufficiently in advance of the debt maturity to ensure that all of our obligations are satisfied in a timely manner. We have a history of being able to refinance or extend our debt obligations to manage our debt maturities. Our ability to access the equity capital markets will depend on a number of factors as well, including general market conditions. Prior to April 9, 2024, we had an effective shelf registration statement whereby we could issue additional equity or debt securities, which we have done successfully in the past as described above. The Company’s shelf registration statement expired on April 9, 2024. In connection with such expiration, the Company anticipates that it will file another shelf registration statement with the SEC, pursuant to which it may issue and sell shares from time to time pursuant to a new at-the-market offering program as described above. The Company has no material debt maturities due before 2025.

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, we repurchased no shares of our common stock. We currently have authority to repurchase up to an aggregate of $83.3 million in additional shares of our common stock.

Consolidated Indebtedness

For further details relating to our consolidated indebtedness as of March 31, 2024, refer to “Note 7—Mortgage Notes, Line of Credit and Bonds Payable” included in the financial statement section of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Sources and Uses of Cash and Cash Equivalents

The following table summarizes our cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023:


	For the three months ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2024		2023
Net cash and cash equivalents provided by operating activities	$	11,897	$	15,839
Net cash and cash equivalents provided by (used in) investing activities	$	(14,497)	$	5,911
Net cash and cash equivalents provided by (used in) financing activities	$	3,339	$	(17,175)

Comparison of the three months ended March 31, 2024 to the three months ended March 31, 2023

As of March 31, 2024, we had $6.2 million of cash and cash equivalents compared to $12.2 million at March 31, 2023.

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Cash Flows from Operating Activities

Net cash and cash equivalents provided by operating activities decreased by $3.9 million primarily as a result of the following:

●

Receipt of $17.5 million in fixed rents, $0.7 million in variable rent and $2.9 million in tenant reimbursements for the three months ended March 31, 2024 as compared to the receipt of $20.4 million in fixed rents, $1.5 million in variable rents, and $1.6 million in tenant reimbursements for the three months ended March 31, 2023;

●

(Gain) loss on disposition of assets, net during the three months ended March 31, 2024 of $0.1 million as compared to $1.8 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023;

●

Income from forfeited deposits during the three months ended March 31, 2024 of $1.2 million as compared to $0.0 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023;

●

A change in accounts receivable of $4.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to $3.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023;

●

A change in accrued expenses of $(3.5) million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to $(1.8) million for the three months ended March 31, 2023; and

●

A change in deferred revenue of $7.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to $10.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Cash Flows from Investing Activities

Net cash and cash equivalents provided by (used in) investing activities decreased by $20.4 million primarily as a result of the following:

●

Property acquisitions during the three months ended March 31, 2024 of $16.3 million as compared to $0.1 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023;

●

Property dispositions during the three months ended March 31, 2024 for cash consideration of $1.6 million as compared to $7.1 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023; and

●

A decrease of $1.0 million in real estate improvements during the three months ended March 31, 2024 as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Cash Flows from Financing Activities

Net cash and cash equivalents provided by (used in) financing activities increased by $20.5 million primarily as a result of the following:

●

Borrowings from mortgage notes payable during the three months ended March 31, 2024 of $30.0 million as compared to $14.0 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023;

●

Common stock repurchases during the three months ended March 31, 2024 of $0.0 million as compared to $14.6 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023; and

●

Dividends on common stock during the three months ended March 31, 2024 of $13.0 million as compared to $3.3 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Funds from Operations (“FFO”) and Adjusted Funds from Operations (“AFFO”)

We calculate FFO in accordance with the standards established by the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts, or Nareit. Nareit defines FFO as net income (loss) (calculated in accordance with GAAP), excluding gains (or losses) from sales of depreciable operating property, real estate related depreciation, depletion and amortization (excluding amortization of deferred financing costs), impairment write-downs of depreciated property, and adjustments associated with impairment write-downs for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures. FFO is a supplemental non-GAAP financial measure. Management presents FFO as a supplemental performance measure because it believes that FFO is

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beneficial to investors as a starting point in measuring our operational performance. Specifically, in excluding real estate related depreciation and amortization and gains and losses from sales of depreciable operating properties, which do not relate to or are not indicative of operating performance, FFO provides a performance measure that, when compared year over year, captures trends in occupancy rates, rental rates and operating costs. We believe that, as a widely recognized measure of the performance of REITs, FFO will be used by investors as a basis to compare our operating performance with that of other REITs.

However, because FFO excludes depreciation and amortization and captures neither the changes in the value of our properties that result from use or market conditions nor the level of capital expenditures necessary to maintain the operating performance of improvements on our properties, all of which have real economic effects and could materially impact our results from operations, the utility of FFO as a measure of our performance is limited. In addition, other equity REITs may not calculate FFO in accordance with the Nareit definition as we do, and, accordingly, our FFO may not be comparable to such other REITs’ FFO. Accordingly, FFO should be considered only as a supplement to net income as a measure of our performance. FFO should not be used as a measure of our liquidity, nor is it indicative of funds available to fund our cash needs, including our ability to pay dividends or service indebtedness. FFO also should not be used as a supplement to or substitute for cash flow from operating activities computed in accordance with GAAP.

We do not, however, believe that FFO is the only measure of our operating performance. Changes in GAAP accounting and reporting rules that were put in effect after the establishment of Nareit’s definition of FFO in 1999 result in the inclusion of a number of items in FFO that do not correlate with the sustainability of our operating performance. Therefore, in addition to FFO, we present AFFO and AFFO per share, fully diluted, both of which are non-GAAP measures. Management considers AFFO a useful supplemental performance metric for investors as it is more indicative of the Company’s operational performance than FFO. AFFO is not intended to represent cash flow or liquidity for the period and is only intended to provide an additional measure of our operating performance. Even AFFO, however, does not properly capture the timing of cash receipts, especially in connection with full-year rent payments under lease agreements entered into in connection with newly acquired farms. Management considers AFFO per share, fully diluted to be a supplemental metric to GAAP earnings per share. AFFO per share, fully diluted provides additional insight into how our operating performance could be allocated to potential shares outstanding at a specific point in time. Management believes that AFFO is a widely recognized measure of the operations of REITs, and presenting AFFO will enable investors to assess our performance in comparison to other REITs. However, other REITs may use different methodologies for calculating AFFO and AFFO per share, fully diluted, and, accordingly, our AFFO and AFFO per share, fully diluted may not always be comparable to AFFO and AFFO per share amounts calculated by other REITs. AFFO and AFFO per share, fully diluted should not be considered as an alternative to net income (loss) or earnings per share (determined in accordance with GAAP) as an indication of financial performance or as a measure of our liquidity, nor are they indicative of funds available to fund our cash needs, including our ability to make distributions.

AFFO is calculated by adjusting FFO to exclude or include the income and expenses that we believe are not reflective of the sustainability of our ongoing operating performance, as further explained below:

●

Real estate related acquisition and due diligence costs. Acquisition (including audit fees associated with these acquisitions) and due diligence costs are incurred for investment purposes and, therefore, do not correlate with the ongoing operations of our portfolio. The Company incurred an immaterial amount of acquisition and due diligence costs during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. We believe that excluding these costs from AFFO provides useful supplemental information reflective of the realized economic impact of our current acquisition strategy, which is useful in assessing the sustainability of our operating performance. These exclusions also improve the comparability of our results over each reporting period and of the Company with other real estate operators.

●

Stock-based compensation and incentive. Stock-based compensation and incentive is a non-cash expense and, therefore, does not correlate with the ongoing operations of our portfolio. We believe that excluding these costs from AFFO improves the comparability of our results over each reporting period and of the Company with other real estate operators.

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●

Deferred impact of interest rate swap terminations. When an interest rate swap is terminated and the related termination fees are rolled into a new swap, the terminated swap's termination fees are amortized over what would have been the remaining life of the terminated swap, while the related contractual and financial obligations extend over the life of the new swap. We believe that, with this adjustment, AFFO better reflects the actual cash cost of the fixed interest rate we are obligated to pay under the new swap agreement, and results in improved comparability of our results across reporting periods.

●

Distributions on Series A preferred units. Dividends on Series A preferred units, which are convertible into Common units on or after February 10, 2026, have a fixed and certain impact on our cash flow, and therefore are excluded from AFFO. We believe this improves the comparability of the Company with other real estate operators.

●

Common shares fully diluted. In accordance with GAAP, common shares used to calculate earnings per share are presented on a weighted average basis. Common shares on a fully diluted basis includes shares of common stock, Common units, and unvested shares of restricted stock outstanding at the end of the period on a share equivalent basis, because all shares are participating securities and thus share in the performance of the Company. The conversion of Series A preferred units is excluded from the calculation of common shares fully diluted as they are not participating securities, and therefore do not share in the performance of the Company and their impact on shares outstanding is uncertain.

The following table sets forth a reconciliation of net income (loss) to FFO, AFFO and net income (loss) available to common stockholders per share to AFFO per share, fully diluted, the most directly comparable GAAP equivalents, respectively, for the periods indicated below (unaudited):


	For the three months ended March 31,
(in thousands except per share amounts)	2024		2023
Net income	$	1,408	$	1,714
(Gain) loss on disposition of assets, net		86		(1,826)
Depreciation, depletion and amortization		1,481		1,794
FFO ⁽¹⁾	$	2,975	$	1,682

Stock-based compensation and incentive		525		459
Deferred impact of interest rate swap terminations		—		198
Real estate related acquisition and due diligence costs		27		14
Distributions on Preferred units and stock		(743)		(803)
AFFO ⁽¹⁾	$	2,784	$	1,550

AFFO per diluted weighted average share data:

AFFO weighted average common shares		49,278		55,567

Net income available to common stockholders of Farmland Partners Inc.	$	0.01	$	0.02
Income available to redeemable non-controlling interest and non-controlling interest in operating partnership		0.03		0.01
Depreciation, depletion and amortization		0.03		0.03
Impairment of assets		0.00		0.00
Stock-based compensation and incentive		0.01		0.01
(Gain) on disposition of assets, net		0.00		(0.03)
Distributions on Preferred units and stock		(0.02)		(0.01)
AFFO per diluted weighted average share ⁽¹⁾	$	0.06	$	0.03

(1)

The three months ended March 31, 2024 includes approximately $1.2 million of income from forfeited deposits due to the termination of a repurchase agreement.

The following table sets forth a reconciliation of AFFO share information to basic weighted average common shares

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outstanding, the most directly comparable GAAP equivalent, for the periods indicated below (unaudited):


	For the three months ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2024	2023
Basic weighted average shares outstanding	47,704	54,007
Weighted average OP units on an as-if-converted basis	1,203	1,237
Weighted average time-based unvested restricted stock	359	323
Weighted average performance-based unvested restricted stock	12	—
AFFO weighted average common shares	49,278	55,567

EBITDAre

The Company calculates Earnings Before Interest Taxes Depreciation and Amortization for real estate (“EBITDAre”) in accordance with the standards established by Nareit in its September 2017 White Paper. Nareit defines EBITDAre as net income (calculated in accordance with GAAP) excluding interest expense, income tax, depreciation and amortization, gains or losses on disposition of depreciated property (including gains or losses on change of control), impairment write-downs of depreciated property and of investments in unconsolidated affiliates caused by a decrease in value of depreciated property in the affiliate, and adjustments to reflect the entity’s pro rata share of EBITDAre of unconsolidated affiliates. EBITDAre is a key financial measure used to evaluate the Company’s operating performance but should not be construed as an alternative to operating income, cash flows from operating activities or net income, in each case as determined in accordance with GAAP. The Company believes that EBITDAre is a useful performance measure commonly reported and will be widely used by analysts and investors in the Company’s industry. However, while EBITDAre is a performance measure widely used across the Company’s industry, the Company does not believe that it correctly captures the Company’s business operating performance because it includes non-cash expenses and recurring adjustments that are necessary to better understand the Company’s business operating performance. Therefore, in addition to EBITDAre, management uses Adjusted EBITDAre, a non-GAAP measure.

We further adjust EBITDAre for certain additional items such as stock-based compensation and incentive, indirect offering costs, real estate acquisition related audit fees and real estate related acquisition and due diligence costs (for a full discussion of these adjustments, see AFFO adjustments discussed above) that we consider necessary to understand our operating performance. We believe that Adjusted EBITDAre provides useful supplemental information to investors regarding our ongoing operating performance that, when considered with net income and EBITDAre, is beneficial to an investor’s understanding of our operating performance.

EBITDAre and Adjusted EBITDAre have limitations as analytical tools, and you should not consider them in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of our results as reported under GAAP. Some of these limitations are:

●

EBITDAre and Adjusted EBITDAre do not reflect our cash expenditures, or future requirements, for capital expenditures or contractual commitments;

●

EBITDAre and Adjusted EBITDAre do not reflect changes in, or cash requirements for, our working capital needs;

●

EBITDAre and Adjusted EBITDAre do not reflect the interest expense, or the cash requirements necessary to service interest or principal payments, on our debt;

●

Although depreciation and amortization are non-cash charges, the assets being depreciated and amortized will often have to be replaced in the future, and EBITDAre and Adjusted EBITDAre do not reflect any cash requirements for these replacements; and

●

Other companies in our industry may calculate EBITDAre and Adjusted EBITDAre differently than we do, limiting the usefulness as a comparative measure.

Because of these limitations, EBITDAre and Adjusted EBITDAre should not be considered as a measure of discretionary cash available to us to invest in the growth of our business. We compensate for these limitations by relying primarily on our GAAP results of operations and using EBITDAre and Adjusted EBITDAre only as a supplemental measure of our performance.

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The following table sets forth a reconciliation of our net income to our EBITDAre and Adjusted EBITDAre for the periods indicated below (unaudited):


	For the three months ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2024		2023
Net income	$	1,408	$	1,714
Interest expense		5,036		4,924
Income tax expense		19		9
Depreciation, depletion and amortization		1,481		1,794
(Gain) loss on disposition of assets, net		86		(1,826)
EBITDAre ⁽¹⁾	$	8,030	$	6,615

Stock-based compensation and incentive		525		459
Real estate related acquisition and due diligence costs		27		14
Adjusted EBITDAre ⁽¹⁾	$	8,582	$	7,088

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(1)

The three months ended March 31, 2024 includes approximately $1.2 million of income from forfeited deposits due to the termination of a repurchase agreement.

Seasonality

We recognize rental revenue from fixed-rate farmland leases on a pro rata basis over the non-cancellable term of the lease in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”). Notwithstanding GAAP accounting requirements to spread rental revenue over the lease term, a significant portion of fixed rent is received in a lump sum before planting season, in the first quarter, and after harvest, in the fourth quarter. We receive a significant portion of our variable rental payments in the fourth calendar quarter of each year, following harvest, with only a portion of such payments being recognized ratably through the year in accordance with GAAP, in relation to crop insurance contracts entered into by our tenants. The highly seasonal nature of the agriculture industry causes seasonality in our business to some extent. Our financial performance should be evaluated on an annual basis, which eliminates impacts of seasonality and other similar factors that may cause our quarterly results to vary during the course of the year.

Item 3.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Market risk includes risks that arise from changes in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, commodity prices, equity prices and other market changes that affect market-sensitive instruments. In pursuing our business strategies, the primary market risk to which we are exposed is interest rate risk. Our primary interest rate exposure will be SOFR. We may use fixed interest rate financing to manage our exposure to fluctuations in interest rates. On a limited basis, we also use derivative financial instruments to manage interest rate risk. We do not use such derivatives for trading or other speculative purposes.

At March 31, 2024, $100.4 million, or 26.2%, of our debt had variable interest rates however, as stated in “Note 10—Hedge Accounting” to the accompanying consolidated financial statements, the Company has an interest rate swap with Rabobank for $33.2 million, which reduces floating rate exposure to $67.2 million. After adjusting the $33.2 million of swapped Rabobank debt as fixed rate debt, the ratio of floating rate debt to total debt decreased from 26.2% to 17.5%. Assuming no increase in the level of our variable rate debt spreads, if SOFR increased by 1.0%, our cash flow would decrease by approximately $0.7 million per year, and if SOFR decreased by 1.0%, our cash flow would increase approximately $0.7 million per year.

Item 4.Controls and Procedures.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We have established disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow for timely decisions regarding disclosure. In designing and evaluating the

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disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Accordingly, even effective disclosure controls and procedures can only provide reasonable assurance of achieving their control objectives.

We have evaluated, under the supervision and with the participation of management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures. Based upon their evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosures and procedures were effective at a reasonable level of assurance as of the end of the period covered by this report.

Limitations on the Effectiveness of Controls

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Changes in Internal Controls over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting during the three months ended March 31, 2024 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.Legal Proceedings.

For information regarding legal proceedings as of March 31, 2024, see Note 8 to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Item 1A.Risk Factors.

As of March 31, 2024, there were no material changes from the risk factors previously disclosed in response to “Part I – Item 1A. ‘Risk Factors’” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, filed with the SEC on February 29, 2024.

Item 2.Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities

None.

Share Repurchase Program

On March 15, 2017, our Board of Directors approved a program to repurchase up to $25.0 million in shares of our common stock. Repurchases under this program may be made from time to time, in amounts and prices as we deem appropriate. Repurchases may be made in open market or privately negotiated transactions in compliance with Rule 10b-18 under the Exchange Act, subject to market conditions, applicable legal requirements, trading restrictions under our insider trading policy and other relevant factors. This share repurchase program does not obligate us to acquire any particular amount of common stock, and it may be modified or suspended at any time at our discretion. We expect to fund repurchases under the program using cash on our balance sheet. On August 1, 2018, our Board of Directors increased the

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authority under the share repurchase to $38.5 million. On November 7, 2019, the Board of Directors approved an additional $50 million under the share repurchase program. On May 3, 2023, our Board of Directors approved a $75.0 million increase. On November 1, 2023, our Board of Directors approved a $40.0 million increase in the total authorization available under the program, increasing the total availability under the share repurchase program to approximately $85.0 million as of such date. As of March 31, 2024, we had $83.3 million of capacity remaining under the program.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Our purchases of equity securities during the three months ended March 31, 2024, including repurchases under the share repurchase program are presented in the following table.


(in thousands except per share amounts)	Total Number of Common Shares Purchased ⁽¹⁾	Average Price Paid per Share		Total Number of Preferred Shares Purchased	Average Price Paid per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs	Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet be Purchased Under the Share Repurchase Program
January 1, 2024 - January 31, 2024	2	$	11.31	—	$	—	—	$	83,283
February 1, 2024 - February 29, 2024	7		11.06	—		—	—		83,283
March 1, 2024 - March 31, 2024	6		11.15	—		—	—		83,283
Total	15	$	—	—	$	—	—

⁽¹⁾ The total number of shares purchased includes shares of our common stock transferred to us in order to satisfy tax withholding obligations incurred upon the vesting of restricted stock awards held by our employees.

Subsequent to March 31, 2024, the Company did not repurchase any shares of common or preferred stock.

Item 3.Defaults Upon Senior Securities.

None.

Item 4.Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

Item 5.Other Information.

Rule 10b5-1 Plan Adoptions and Modifications

None.

Item 6.Exhibits.

The exhibits on the accompanying Exhibit Index are filed, furnished or incorporated by reference (as stated therein) as part of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

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Exhibit Index


Exhibit Number		Description of Exhibit
31.1*		Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2*		Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1*		Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101*		The following materials from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2024, were formatted in Inline XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Operations, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss), (iv) Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity, (v) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (vi) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. The instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
104*		Cover Page Interactive Data File – the cover page XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL.

* Filed herewith

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


		Farmland Partners Inc.

Date: May 1, 2024		/s/ Luca Fabbri
		Luca Fabbri
		President and Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)

Date: May 1, 2024		/s/ James Gilligan
		James Gilligan
		Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
		(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)