UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 20-F

OR

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023

OR

For the transition period from _______ to _______

OR

Date of event requiring this shell company report

Commission file number: 001-41110

GRAB HOLDINGS LIMITED

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

Not Applicable

(Translation of Registrant’s name into English)

Cayman Islands

(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

3 Media Close, #01-03/06

Singapore 138498

(Address of principal executive offices)

Liam Barker

855-739-7864

investor.relations@grab.com

Grab Holdings Limited

3 Media Close, #01-03/06

Singapore 138498

(Name, Telephone, E-mail and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person)

Securities registered or to be registered, pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

None

(Title of Class)

Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act:

None

(Title of Class)

Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of business covered by the annual report: 3,813,340,767 Class A ordinary shares, 120,402,284 Class B ordinary shares, and 25,999,981 warrants, as of December 31, 2023.

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒

If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
 

If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards † provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

† The term “new or revised financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting Standards Codification after April 5, 2012.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☒

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐

Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:

If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow. Item 17 ☐ Item 18 ☐

If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

(APPLICABLE ONLY TO ISSUERS INVOLVED IN BANKRUPTCY PROCEEDINGS DURING THE PAST FIVE YEARS)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed all documents and reports required to be filed by Sections 12, 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 subsequent to the distribution of securities under a plan confirmed by a court. Yes ☐ No ☐

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CONVENTIONS AND FREQUENTLY USED TERMS

In this annual report, unless the context otherwise requires, the “Company,” “Grab” and references to “we,” “us,” or similar references should be understood to be references to Grab Holdings Limited and its subsidiaries and consolidated affiliated entities. When this annual report refers to “Grab” “we,” “us,” or similar references in the context of discussing Grab’s business or other affairs prior to the consummation of the Business Combination on December 1, 2021, it refers to the business of Grab Holdings Inc. and its subsidiaries and consolidated affiliated entities. Following the date of consummation of the Business Combination, references to “Grab” “we,” “us,” or similar references should be understood to refer to Grab Holdings Limited and its subsidiaries and consolidated affiliated entities. Given that the Business Combination is accounted for as a reverse acquisition, as described in more detail in Note 12 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this annual report, and the accounting acquirer is Grab Holdings Inc., the post-Business Combination financial statements included in this annual report show the consolidated balances and transactions of the Company and Grab Holdings Inc.

Certain amounts and percentages that appear in this annual report may not sum due to rounding.

Unless otherwise stated or unless the context otherwise requires, in this annual report:

“AI” means artificial intelligence;

“base incentive(s)” means the amount of incentives to driver- and merchant-partners up to the amount of commissions and fees earned by us from those driver- and merchant-partners;

“Business Combination” means the Initial Merger, the Acquisition Merger and the other transactions contemplated by the Business Combination Agreement, as described in more detail under “Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions—B. Related Party Transactions”;

“CAGR” means compound annual growth rate;

“Class A Ordinary Shares” refers to Class A ordinary shares of the share capital of our company with a par value of $0.000001 each;

“Class B Ordinary Shares” refers to Class B ordinary shares of the share capital of our company with a par value of $0.000001 each;

“consumer” refers to an end-user who uses services or purchases our products offered by or through us;

“Digital Banking JV” means GXS Bank Pte. Ltd., a private limited company incorporated under the laws of Singapore, which is the joint venture entity with one of our subsidiaries and a subsidiary of Singapore Telecommunications Limited (“Singtel”) as its shareholders and is the entity operating GXS Bank in Singapore, and the entity which together with a consortium of partners operates GXBank in Malaysia;

“digital lending” means lending through digital channels with no in-person interactions, which includes both corporate SME lending and consumer lending conducted through such channels;

“driver-partner” refers to an independent third-party contractor who provides mobility and/or deliveries services on our platform;

“e-wallet” means a software-based system that allows individuals to perform digital and/or electronic payments to a business or individual for either goods or services. This includes proximity transactions in which the device must interact with the point of sale (“POS”) terminal in some way in order to initiate the payment transaction and remote transactions in which the location of the device to the POS terminal is irrelevant. Both pass-through and staged e-wallets transactions are included. Peer-to-peer transfer transactions are excluded;

“excess incentive(s)” occurs when the amount of payments made to driver- and merchant-partners exceed the amount of commissions and fees earned by us from those driver- and merchant-partners;

“Exchange Ratio” means the quotient obtained by dividing $13.032888 by $10.00, which is 1.3032888;

“Existing Warrant Agreement” means the warrant agreement, dated September 30, 2020, by and between AGC and Continental;

“GDP” means gross domestic product, which is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Current prices of goods and services were used in its calculation;

“GFG” means AA Holdings Inc., an exempted company limited by shares incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands and holding company for Grab’s financial services businesses, including its equity interest in the Digital Banking JV;

“GHI” means Grab Holdings Inc., an exempted company limited by shares incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands, or as the context requires, Grab Holdings Inc. and its subsidiaries and consolidated affiliated entities;

“GHL” means Grab Holdings Limited (formerly known as J1 Holdings Inc.), an exempted company limited by shares incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands, or as the context requires, Grab Holdings Limited and its subsidiaries and consolidated affiliated entities;

“GrabBike” refers to our ride-hailing booking service, which enables driver-partners to accept bookings for private hire motorcycle rides through our driver-partner application;

“GrabCar” refers to our ride-hailing booking service, which enables private hire driver-partners to accept bookings through our driver-partner application, and includes various localized offerings including premium cars (GrabCar Premium), cars equipped to transport persons with mobility needs (GrabAssist), cars equipped with child seats (GrabFamily), large format vehicles or premium economy vehicles (GrabCar Plus) and luxury vans for airport or business travelers (GrabLux);

“GrabExpress” means our package delivery booking service, which enables driver-partners to accept bookings for package delivery services through our driver-partner application;

“GrabFood” means our food ordering and delivery booking service, which enables merchant-partners to accept bookings for prepared meals from consumers (with options for on-demand deliveries, scheduled deliveries and pick-up orders) through our merchant-partner application and it also enables driver-partners to accept bookings for prepared meal delivery services through our driver-partner application;

“GrabForGood Fund” means our endowment fund that aims to introduce and support programs that empower Southeast Asian communities to improve socioeconomic mobility and quality of life;

“GrabHitch” refers to our carpooling booking service, which enables drivers other than our driver-partners, who sign up through our platform, to accept bookings for carpool rides through our platform;

“GrabKios” refers to the services offered through our platform in Indonesia, which allow GrabKios agents to act as distributors or resellers of digital goods including mobile airtime credits, bill payment services and e-commerce purchasing services;

“GrabKitchen” means our centralized food preparation facilities, which are used by certain merchant-partners;

“GrabMart” and “GrabSupermarket” means our goods ordering and delivery booking services, which enables merchant-partners to accept bookings for goods from consumers (with options for on-demand deliveries, scheduled deliveries and pick-up orders) through our merchant-partner application, and it also enables driver-partners to accept bookings for goods delivery services through our driver-partner application;

“GrabMerchant” refers to the platform that we provide which equips merchant-partners with tools to grow their business;

“GrabPay” means our digital payments solution, which allows consumers to make online and offline electronic payments using their mobile wallet and also allows our driver- and merchant-partners to receive digital payments for their services;

“GrabRentals” refers to our offering which facilitates vehicle rental for our driver-partners at competitive rates through our rental fleet or third-party rental services, to allow driver-partners with limited vehicle access to offer services on our platform;

“GrabRewards” means our loyalty platform providing consumers that use services offered through our platform with a large catalog of points redemption options, including offers from both popular merchant-partners and us;

“GrabUnlimited” refers to our paid loyalty program where users pay a fee to enjoy subscriber benefits and deals across our various services such as food, parcel deliveries and mobility;

“GXBank” refers to GX Bank Berhad, the digital bank that our Digital Banking JV operates in Malaysia and that has commenced the foundational phase of banking operations for the public since November 2023;

“GXS Bank” refers to the digital bank that our Digital Banking JV operates in Singapore and that has commenced restricted business activities for the public since September 2022;

“Jaya Grocer” refers to Jaya Grocer Holdings Sdn. Bhd., a mass-premium supermarket chain in Malaysia, in which we acquired a majority economic interest in January 2022;

“JustGrab” refers to our ride-hailing booking service, which enables driver-partners to accept bookings for private hire car rides or taxi rides, in both cases with upfront non-metered pricing;

“Key Executives” refers to our CEO and co-founder Anthony Tan, co-founder Tan Hooi Ling (who no longer holds any position at Grab) and former President Maa Ming-Hokng;

“MAS” means the Monetary Authority of Singapore;

“merchant-partner” refers to online and offline merchants, restaurants and food stalls, convenience stores or retail shops or shops that sell products or services on our platform;

“MSMEs” means micro, small and medium sized businesses;

“NASDAQ” means the Nasdaq Stock Market;

“online food delivery” means prepared meals (food and drink) which are ordered online and delivered to the consumer. Only orders made by means of platforms are included and does not include takeaway sales, transported off premise by the consumer;

“OVO” refers to PT Visionet Internasional, a subsidiary of PT Bumi Cakrawala Perkasa, one of our subsidiaries, and a digital platform service located in Indonesia that offers payments, customer incentives in the form of loyalty points and financial services;

“PayLater” refers to the buy-now-pay-later products offered through our platform that enables receivables factoring or digital lending service (in certain markets) and allow our driver- and merchant-partners to offer their consumers the option to pay for goods and services either in one bill at the end of the month or such other predetermined period or on an installment basis;

“Permitted Entities” of a Key Executive means: (i) any person in respect of which the Key Executive has, directly or indirectly (A) control over the voting of Class B Ordinary Shares held or to be transferred to that person, (B) the ability to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of that person or any other person having authority referred to in the immediately foregoing, or (C) the operational or practical control of that person, including through the right to appoint, designate, remove or replace the person having the authority referred to in the foregoing; (ii) any trust the beneficiaries of which consist primarily of a Key Executive, his or her family members, and/or any person controlled by a trust, including, with respect to Mr. Tan, Hibiscus Worldwide Ltd.; or (iii) any person controlled by a trust described in the immediately foregoing;

“Permitted Transferee” of a holder of Class B Ordinary Shares means: (i) any Key Executive; (ii) any Key Executive’s Permitted Entities; (iii) the transferee or other recipient in any transfer of any Class B Ordinary Shares by any holder of Class B Ordinary Shares to (A) his or her family members, (B) any other relative or individual approved by the GHL board of directors, (C) any trust or estate planning entity primarily for the benefit of, or the ownership interest of which are controlled by, such holder of Class B Ordinary Shares, his or her family members and/or other trusts or estate planning entities, or any entity controlled by such a trust or estate planning entity, or (D) occurring by operation of law, including in connection with divorce proceedings; (iv) any charitable organization, foundation or similar entity; (v) GrabForGood Fund; (vi) GHL or any of its subsidiaries; and (vii) in connection with a transfer as a result of, or in connection with, the death or incapacity of a Key Executive other than Mr. Tan, any Key Executive’s family members, another holder of Class B Ordinary Shares, or a designee approved by a majority of all members of GHL’s board of directors (and Class B Directors shall form a majority of such majority of all directors); provided that (x) as a condition to the applicable transfer, any Permitted Transferee shall have adhered to the proxy to Mr. Tan; and (y) in case of any transfer of Class B Ordinary Shares pursuant to clauses (ii)-(v) above to a person who later ceases to be a Permitted Transferee, GHL may refuse registration of any subsequent transfer except back to the transferor of such Class B Ordinary Shares;

“PIPE Investors” means the third-party investors who entered into PIPE Subscription Agreements;

“PIPE Subscription Agreements” means the share subscription agreements, dated April 12, 2021, by and among GHL, AGC and the PIPE Investors pursuant to which the PIPE Investors subscribed for and purchased, in the aggregate, 326,500,000 Class A Ordinary Shares for $10 per share, or an aggregate purchase price equal to $3.265 billion;

“prepared meal” means food and drink served through channels such as cafés/bars, full-service restaurants, limited-service restaurants, self-service cafeterias and street stalls/kiosks;

“receivables factoring” means the purchasing from merchants or service providers of account payables to them by consumers to whom they have provided goods or services;

“regional corporate costs” means costs that have not been attributed to any of the business segments, including certain costs of revenue, research and development expenses, general and administrative expenses and marketing expenses. These regional costs of revenue include cloud computing and customer support costs. These regional research and development expenses also include costs related to mapping and payment technologies and support and development of the internal technology infrastructure. These general and administrative expenses also include certain shared costs such as finance, accounting, tax, human resources, technology and legal costs. Regional corporate costs exclude share-based compensation expenses and capitalized software costs;

“Registration Rights Agreement” means the registration rights agreement, dated April 12, 2021, by and among AGC, GHL, Sponsor, the Sponsor Related Parties and certain of the former shareholders of GHI that became effective upon completion of the Business Combination pursuant to which, among other things, GHL agreed to undertake certain resale shelf registration obligations in accordance with the Securities Act and Sponsor, the Sponsor Related Parties and the shareholders of GHI that were parties thereto have been granted customary demand and piggyback registration rights;

“ride-hailing” means prearranged and on-demand transportation service for compensation in which drivers and passengers connect via digital applications or platforms;

“SEC” means the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission;

“Southeast Asia” refers to Cambodia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam, unless otherwise noted;

“superapp” means an integrated mobile application of many applications that aims to provide a one-stop marketplace platform with multiple offerings delivered via a single technology platform and third-party integrations;

“Term Loan B Facility” means the $2 billion senior secured term loan B facility under the Credit and Guaranty Agreement, dated as of January 29, 2021 (as amended), by and among GHI, Grab Technology LLC, certain guarantors, certain lenders, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, and Wilmington Trust (London) Limited, as collateral agent;

“U.S. Dollars” and “$” means United States dollars, the legal currency of the United States; and