10-Q 1 hlt-20240630.htm 10-Q hlt-20240630
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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Form 10-Q
(Mark One)
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2024
or
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from to

Commission File Number 001-36243
Hilton Worldwide Holdings Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware
27-4384691
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
7930 Jones Branch Drive, Suite 1100, McLean, VA
22102
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (703) 883-1000
N/A
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each classTrading symbol(s)Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.01 par value per shareHLTNew York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company" and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:
Large accelerated filer
Accelerated filer
Non-accelerated filerSmaller reporting company
Emerging growth company
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange
Act. ☐    

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes No

The number of shares outstanding of the registrant's common stock, par value $0.01 per share, as of August 2, 2024 was 246,427,097.



HILTON WORLDWIDE HOLDINGS INC.
FORM 10-Q TABLE OF CONTENTS

1


PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.    Financial Statements
HILTON WORLDWIDE HOLDINGS INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in millions, except share data)

June 30,December 31,
20242023
(unaudited)
ASSETS
Current Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents
$731 $800 
Restricted cash and cash equivalents
71 75 
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses of $141 and $131
1,578 1,487 
Prepaid expenses166 131 
Other
143 121 
Total current assets (variable interest entities $70 and $65)
2,689 2,614 
Intangibles and Other Assets:
Goodwill
5,042 5,052 
Brands
4,994 4,846 
Management and franchise contracts, net1,213 1,064 
Other intangible assets, net175 173 
Operating lease right-of-use assets
610 618 
Property and equipment, net
378 382 
Deferred income tax assets
140 140 
Other
496 512 
Total intangibles and other assets (variable interest entities $94 and $112)
13,048 12,787 
TOTAL ASSETS$15,737 $15,401 
LIABILITIES, REDEEMABLE NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS AND EQUITY (DEFICIT)
Current Liabilities:
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other
$1,913 $1,979 
Current maturities of long-term debt
539 39 
Current portion of deferred revenues
501 502 
Current portion of liability for guest loyalty program1,273 1,202 
Total current liabilities (variable interest entities $48 and $50)
4,226 3,722 
Long-term debt9,633 9,157 
Operating lease liabilities786 808 
Deferred revenues
1,202 1,132 
Deferred income tax liabilities368 401 
Liability for guest loyalty program1,625 1,530 
Other975 998 
Total liabilities (variable interest entities $115 and $137)
18,815 17,748 
Commitments and contingencies see Note 13
Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests
21  
Equity (Deficit):
Common stock, $0.01 par value; 10,000,000,000 authorized shares, 247,793,154 outstanding as of June 30, 2024 and 253,488,288 outstanding as of December 31, 2023
3 3 
Treasury stock, at cost; 87,703,143 shares as of June 30, 2024 and 80,807,049 shares as of December 31, 2023
(9,781)(8,393)
Additional paid-in capital
11,022 10,968 
Accumulated deficit(3,597)(4,207)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
(763)(731)
Total Hilton stockholders' deficit
(3,116)(2,360)
Noncontrolling interests
17 13 
Total deficit(3,099)(2,347)
TOTAL LIABILITIES, REDEEMABLE NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS AND EQUITY (DEFICIT)$15,737 $15,401 

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
2


HILTON WORLDWIDE HOLDINGS INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(in millions, except per share data)
(unaudited)

Three Months EndedSix Months Ended
June 30,June 30,
2024202320242023
Revenues
Franchise and licensing fees$689 $618 $1,260 $1,126 
Base and other management fees93 86 199 166 
Incentive management fees68 69 138 134 
Owned and leased hotels337 341 592 589 
Other revenues71 46 121 81 
1,258 1,160 2,310 2,096 
Other revenues from managed and franchised properties
1,693 1,500 3,214 2,857 
Total revenues2,951 2,660 5,524 4,953 
Expenses
Owned and leased hotels
298 297 545 548 
Depreciation and amortization34 37 70 74 
General and administrative113 111 217 202 
Other expenses37 33 67 54 
482 478 899 878 
Other expenses from managed and franchised properties
1,744 1,508 3,374 2,903 
Total expenses2,226 1,986 4,273 3,781 
Gain on sales of assets, net  7  
Operating income725 674 1,258 1,172 
Interest expense(141)(111)(272)(227)
Loss on foreign currency transactions
(1)(6)(2)(6)
Loss on investments in unconsolidated affiliate   (92)
Other non-operating income (loss), net
8 11 (28)23 
Income before income taxes591 568 956 870 
Income tax expense
(169)(155)(266)(248)
Net income422 413 690 622 
Net income attributable to redeemable and nonredeemable noncontrolling interests
(1)(2)(4)(5)
Net income attributable to Hilton stockholders
$421 $411 $686 $617 
Earnings per share:
Basic$1.69 $1.56 $2.74 $2.33 
Diluted$1.67 $1.55 $2.71 $2.31 
Cash dividends declared per share$0.15 $0.15 $0.30 $0.30 

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
3


HILTON WORLDWIDE HOLDINGS INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(in millions)
(unaudited)

Three Months EndedSix Months Ended
June 30,June 30,
2024202320242023
Net income$422 $413 $690 $622 
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax benefit (expense):
Currency translation adjustment, net of tax of $(1), $2, $3 and $(1)
(12)4 (39)(2)
Pension liability adjustment, net of tax of $(1), $(1), $(1) and $(1)
2 2 4 4 
Cash flow hedge adjustment, net of tax of $1, $(4), $(1) and $(1)
(5)14 2  
Total other comprehensive income (loss)
(15)20 (33)2 
Comprehensive income407 433 657 624 
Comprehensive income attributable to redeemable and nonredeemable noncontrolling interests
 (1)(3)(4)
Comprehensive income attributable to Hilton stockholders
$407 $432 $654 $620 
____________
(1)Amount was less than $1 million.

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

4


HILTON WORLDWIDE HOLDINGS INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in millions)
(unaudited)

Six Months Ended
June 30,
20242023
Operating Activities:
Net income$690 $622 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Amortization of contract acquisition costs25 21 
Depreciation and amortization expenses70 74 
Gain on sales of assets, net
(7) 
Loss on foreign currency transactions
2 6 
Loss on investments in unconsolidated affiliate 92 
Share-based compensation expense96 85 
Deferred income taxes(36)(30)
Contract acquisition costs, net of refunds(77)(139)
Working capital changes and other4 63 
Net cash provided by operating activities767 794 
Investing Activities:
Capital expenditures for property and equipment
(31)(74)
Cash paid for acquisitions, net of cash acquired(236) 
Issuance of financing receivables(15)(8)
Proceeds from asset dispositions
8  
Settlements of undesignated derivative financial instruments
(1)(26)
Capitalized software costs(41)(42)
Investments in unconsolidated affiliates(2)(4)
Net cash used in investing activities(318)(154)
Financing Activities:
Borrowings1,283  
Repayment of debt(301)(21)
Debt issuance costs(16)(9)
Dividends paid(76)(81)
Repurchases of common stock(1,402)(920)
Share-based compensation tax withholdings(70)(52)
Proceeds from share-based compensation47 28 
Settlements of interest rate swap with financing component29 24 
Net cash used in financing activities
(506)(1,031)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, restricted cash and cash equivalents(16)(12)
Net decrease in cash, restricted cash and cash equivalents
(73)(403)
Cash, restricted cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period875 1,286 
Cash, restricted cash and cash equivalents, end of period$802 $883 

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements. For supplemental disclosures, see Note 14: "Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information."
5


HILTON WORLDWIDE HOLDINGS INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(unaudited)

Note 1: Organization, Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Organization

Hilton Worldwide Holdings Inc. (the "Parent," or together with its subsidiaries, "Hilton," "we," "us," "our" or the "Company"), a Delaware corporation, is one of the largest global hospitality companies and is engaged in managing, franchising, owning and leasing hotels and resorts, and licensing its intellectual property ("IP"), including brand names, trademarks and service marks.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 have been prepared in accordance with United States ("U.S.") generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") and are unaudited. We have condensed or omitted certain disclosures normally included in annual financial statements presented in accordance with GAAP; however, we believe the disclosures made are adequate to prevent the information presented from being misleading. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported and, accordingly, ultimate results could differ from those estimates. Additionally, interim results are not necessarily indicative of full year performance. In our opinion, the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, including normal recurring items, considered necessary for a fair presentation of the interim periods. All material intercompany transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Other than the policies listed below, there have been no material changes to the significant accounting policies described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023.

Acquisitions

We make certain judgments to determine whether a transaction should be accounted for as a business combination or an asset acquisition. These judgments include the assessment of the inputs, processes and outputs associated with an acquired set of activities and whether the fair value of total assets acquired is concentrated to a single identifiable asset or group of similar assets. We account for a transaction as a business combination when the assets acquired include inputs and one or more substantive processes that, together, significantly contribute to the ability to create outputs and the total fair value of the assets acquired are not concentrated to a single identifiable asset or group of similar assets. Otherwise, we account for the transaction as an asset acquisition.

We account for acquisitions that meet the definition of a business combination using the acquisition method of accounting whereby the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed, as well as any noncontrolling interests in the acquired business, are recorded at their estimated fair values at the acquisition date, with any excess purchase price over the fair value of the net assets acquired recorded as goodwill. We expense transaction costs related to business combinations as incurred. We record the net assets and results of operations of an acquired entity in our condensed consolidated financial statements from the acquisition date.

In determining the fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination, we use various recognized valuation methods including present value modeling and referenced market values, where available. Further, we make assumptions within certain valuation methods including discount rates and timing of future cash flows. Valuations are performed by external valuation professionals with skills and qualifications under management's supervision. We believe the estimated fair values assigned to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed are based on assumptions that market participants would use. However, such assumptions are inherently uncertain and actual results may differ from those estimates.

6


Acquisitions that do not meet the definition of a business combination are accounted for as asset acquisitions. We allocate the cost of the acquisition, including direct and incremental transaction costs, to the individual assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their relative fair values. We do not recognize any goodwill in an asset acquisition.

Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests

Noncontrolling interests with redemption features that are not solely within our control are considered redeemable noncontrolling interests. The redeemable noncontrolling interests are a component of temporary equity and are reported between liabilities and equity (deficit) in our condensed consolidated balance sheet. At each reporting period, the redeemable noncontrolling interests are recognized at the higher of (i) the initial carrying amount, adjusted for accumulated earnings (losses) and distributions, or (ii) the redemption value as of the balance sheet date. We include both the earnings (losses) for the period attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests and any adjustment to the carrying value of redeemable noncontrolling interests as a result of a change in the redemption value in net income attributable to redeemable and nonredeemable noncontrolling interests in our condensed consolidated statement of operations.

Note 2: Acquisitions

Graduate by Hilton

In May 2024, we completed the acquisition of the Graduate brand for a total purchase price of $210 million, $200 million of which we paid in cash upon closing. The remaining $10 million was not reflected in the amount of cash consideration paid in our condensed consolidated statement of cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and was included in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other in our condensed consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2024. The remaining amount will be paid upon the satisfaction of certain conditions by the seller which are expected to occur within the next 12 months. We accounted for the transaction as an asset acquisition. On the date of the acquisition, we added 32 existing properties located in the U.S. and United Kingdom ("U.K.") to our franchise portfolio.

We allocated the cost of the acquisition, including transaction costs, to the assets acquired on a relative fair value basis. As a result, we recorded an indefinite-lived brand intangible asset of approximately $122 million and franchise contract intangible assets of approximately $91 million. The franchise contract intangible assets will be amortized over an estimated useful life of 15 years to depreciation and amortization expenses in our condensed consolidated statements of operations over their respective terms.

The results of operations related to the Graduate brand, which did not have a material impact on our operating results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, were included in the condensed consolidated financial statements for the period from the date of acquisition to June 30, 2024.

NoMad

In April 2024, we acquired a controlling financial interest in Sydell Hotels & Resorts, LLC and Sydell Holding Company UK Ltd (collectively, the "Sydell Group"), which owns the NoMad brand. We accounted for the transaction as a business combination and recognized the fair value of an indefinite-lived brand intangible asset of approximately $45 million and management contract intangible assets, with an aggregate fair value of approximately $11 million. The management contract intangible assets will be amortized over a weighted average estimated useful life of approximately 14 years to depreciation and amortization expenses in our condensed consolidated statements of operations over their respective terms.

We measured the net assets acquired at fair value as of the date of acquisition. The fair values of the respective net assets acquired were determined by management with assistance from external valuation specialists. We developed our estimate of the fair value of the brand intangible asset and contract intangible assets by applying the multi-period excess earnings method. The multi-period excess earnings method uses unobservable inputs for projected cash flows, including projected financial results and a discount rate, which are considered Level 3 inputs within the fair value measurement valuation hierarchy.

Our redeemable noncontrolling interests relate to our interest in the Sydell Group. The Sydell Group governing documents contain put options that give the noncontrolling interest holders the right to sell their equity interests to us beginning in the second quarter of 2030, as well as call options that give us the right to purchase the remaining equity interests beginning in the second quarter of 2032. The exercise price of the put and call options is based on a multiple of the Sydell Group's earnings as of the date that such option would be exercised. The redeemable noncontrolling interests were recorded at a fair value of $22 million as of the acquisition date.
7


The results of operations of the Sydell Group were included in the condensed consolidated financial statements for the period from the date of acquisition to June 30, 2024. The acquisition of a controlling financial interest in the Sydell Group did not have a material impact on the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, and, as such, historical and pro forma results are not disclosed.

Note 3: Revenues from Contracts with Customers

Contract Liabilities

The following table summarizes the activity of our contract liabilities, which are classified as components of current and long-term deferred revenues, during the six months ended June 30, 2024:

(in millions)
Balance as of December 31, 2023
$1,521 
Cash received in advance and not recognized as revenue
387 
Revenue recognized(1)
(192)
Other(2)
(95)
Balance as of June 30, 2024
$1,621 
____________
(1)Primarily related to Hilton Honors, our guest loyalty program, including co-branded credit card arrangements.
(2)Primarily represents the changes in estimated transaction prices for our performance obligations related to the issuance of Hilton Honors points, which had no effect on revenues.

Performance Obligations

As of June 30, 2024, deferred revenues for unsatisfied performance obligations consisted of: (i) $848 million related to Hilton Honors that will be recognized as revenue over approximately the next two years; (ii) $755 million related to advance consideration received from hotel owners for application, initiation and other fees and system implementation fees; and (iii) $18 million related to other obligations. These performance obligations are recognized as revenue as discussed in Note 2: "Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023.

Note 4: Consolidated Variable Interest Entities

As of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, we consolidated two variable interest entities ("VIEs") that each lease one hotel property, both of which are located in Japan, and for which the assets are only available to settle the obligations of the respective entities and the liabilities of the respective entities are non-recourse to us. We consolidated these VIEs since we are the primary beneficiary, having the power to direct the activities that most significantly affect their economic performance. Additionally, we have the obligation to absorb losses and the right to receive benefits that could be significant to each of the VIEs individually.

Our condensed consolidated balance sheets include the assets and liabilities of these entities, including the effect of foreign currency translation, which primarily comprised the following:

June 30,December 31,
20242023
(in millions)
Cash and cash equivalents$53 $46 
Accounts receivable, net14 17 
Property and equipment, net30 37 
Deferred income tax assets25 32 
Other non-current assets38 43 
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other29 29 
Long-term debt(1)(2)
78 95 
____________
(1)Includes finance lease liabilities of $70 million and $86 million as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
(2)Includes current maturities of $17 million and $19 million as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

8


Note 5: Loss on Investments in Unconsolidated Affiliate

We provide equity and debt financing to certain unconsolidated affiliates with an objective of supporting the growth of our network. The assets relating to these investments are classified as other current assets or other non-current assets in our condensed consolidated balance sheets based on the expected maturity of the respective investment, if applicable.

In March 2023, as a result of the rise in market-based interest rates, one of our third-party unconsolidated affiliates (the "Fund"), which has underlying investments in certain hotels that we manage or franchise, failed to comply with certain requirements of its debt agreements. As a result, we determined that: (i) our investment in the Fund was fully impaired and (ii) short-term subordinated financing receivables due to us from the Fund were uncollectible. As such, we recognized an other-than-temporary impairment loss on our investment of $44 million and credit losses of $48 million to fully reserve the financing receivables, such that their net carrying values were zero. These losses were recognized in loss on investments in unconsolidated affiliate in our condensed consolidated statement of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2023.

Note 6: Debt

Long-term debt balances, including obligations for finance leases, and associated interest rates and maturities as of June 30, 2024, were as follows:

June 30,December 31,
20242023
(in millions)
Senior secured term loan facility due 2028
$ $1,000 
Senior secured term loan facility with a rate of 7.10%, due 2030
3,119 2,119 
Senior notes with a rate of 5.375%, due 2025(1)
500 500 
Senior notes with a rate of 4.875%, due 2027(1)
600 600 
Senior notes with a rate of 5.750%, due 2028(1)
500 500 
Senior notes with a rate of 5.875%, due 2029(1)
550  
Senior notes with a rate of 3.750%, due 2029(1)
800 800 
Senior notes with a rate of 4.875%, due 2030(1)
1,000 1,000 
Senior notes with a rate of 4.000%, due 2031(1)
1,100 1,100 
Senior notes with a rate of 3.625%, due 2032(1)
1,500 1,500 
Senior notes with a rate of 6.125%, due 2032(1)
450  
Finance lease liabilities with a weighted average rate of 5.99%, due 2024 to 2030(2)
124 139 
Other debt of consolidated VIEs with a weighted average rate of 1.33%, due 2024 to 2026(2)
8 9 
10,251 9,267 
Less: unamortized deferred financing costs and discounts
(79)(71)
Less: current maturities of long-term debt(3)
(539)(39)
$9,633 $9,157 
____________
(1)These notes are collectively referred to as the Senior Notes and are jointly and severally guaranteed on a senior unsecured basis by the Parent and substantially all of its direct and indirect wholly owned domestic restricted subsidiaries, other than Hilton Domestic Operating Company Inc. ("HOC"), an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of the Parent and the issuer of all of the series of Senior Notes.
(2)Long-term debt of our consolidated VIEs is included in finance lease liabilities and other debt of consolidated VIEs, as applicable. Refer to Note 4: "Consolidated Variable Interest Entities" for additional information.
(3)Represents current maturities of finance lease liabilities, borrowings of consolidated VIEs and the 5.375% Senior Notes due 2025 (the "May 2025 Senior Notes"). We believe that we have sufficient sources of liquidity and access to debt financing to address the current maturities of long-term debt at or prior to the respective maturity dates.

Our senior secured credit facilities consist of a senior secured revolving credit facility (the "Revolving Credit Facility") and senior secured term loan facilities (the "Term Loans"). The obligations under our senior secured credit facilities are unconditionally and irrevocably guaranteed by the Parent and substantially all of its direct and indirect wholly owned domestic restricted subsidiaries, other than HOC, the named borrower of the senior secured credit facilities.

In June 2024, we amended the credit agreement governing our Term Loans pursuant to which $1.0 billion of outstanding Term Loans due June 2028 were replaced with $1.0 billion of incremental Term Loans due November 2030, aligning their maturity with the outstanding $2.1 billion tranche of Term Loans due November 2030. Additionally, the entire balance of the Term Loans was repriced with an interest rate of the Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") plus 1.75% (collectively, the "June 2024 Amendment"). In connection with the June 2024 Amendment, we incurred $3 million of debt issuance costs, which
9


were recognized in other non-operating income (loss), net in our condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024.

In March 2024, we borrowed and subsequently repaid $200 million under the Revolving Credit Facility. No borrowings were outstanding under the Revolving Credit Facility as of June 30, 2024, which had an available borrowing capacity of $1,913 million after considering $87 million of outstanding letters of credit.

In March 2024, we issued $550 million aggregate principal amount of 5.875% Senior Notes due 2029 (the "5.875% 2029 Senior Notes") and $450 million aggregate principal amount of 6.125% Senior Notes due 2032 (the "6.125% 2032 Senior Notes") and incurred an aggregate $15 million of debt issuance costs which were recognized as a reduction to the outstanding debt balance in our condensed consolidated balance sheet and will be amortized to interest expense through the respective maturity dates of the 5.875% 2029 Senior Notes and the 6.125% 2032 Senior Notes. Interest on the 5.875% 2029 Senior Notes and the 6.125% 2032 Senior Notes is payable semi-annually in arrears on April 1 and October 1 of each year, beginning October 1, 2024. We used a portion of the net proceeds from the issuances to repay $200 million borrowed under our Revolving Credit Facility earlier in March 2024.

Note 7: Fair Value Measurements

The fair values of certain financial instruments and the hierarchy level we used to estimate the fair values are shown below:

June 30, 2024
Hierarchy Level
Carrying Value(1)
Level 1Level 2Level 3
(in millions)
Assets:
Interest rate swap$76 $— $76 $— 
Liabilities:
Long-term debt(2)
10,119 6,570 — 3,100 

December 31, 2023
Hierarchy Level
Carrying Value(1)
Level 1Level 2Level 3
(in millions)
Assets:
Interest rate swap$75 $— $75 $— 
Liabilities:
Long-term debt(2)
9,119 5,631 — 3,129 
____________
(1)The fair values of cash equivalents and restricted cash equivalents approximate their carrying values due to their short-term maturities. The fair values of all other financial instruments not included in these tables are estimated to be equal to their carrying values.
(2)The carrying values and fair values exclude the deduction for unamortized deferred financing costs and any applicable discounts, as well as all finance lease liabilities and other debt of consolidated VIEs; refer to Note 6: "Debt" for additional information.

We measured our interest rate swap at fair value, which was determined using a discounted cash flow analysis that reflects the contractual terms of the interest rate swap, including the period to maturity, and uses observable market-based inputs of similar instruments, including interest rate curves, as applicable.

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, we measured the net assets acquired in the acquisition of the Sydell Group at fair value on a non-recurring basis; see Note 2: "Acquisitions" for additional information.

Note 8: Income Taxes

At the end of each quarter, we estimate the effective income tax rate expected to be applied for the full year. The effective income tax rate is determined by the level and composition of income (loss) before income taxes, which is subject to federal, state, local and foreign income taxes.

10


Note 9: Share-Based Compensation

Our share-based compensation primarily consists of awards that we grant to eligible employees under the Hilton 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the "2017 Plan") and includes time-vesting restricted stock units ("RSUs"), nonqualified stock options ("options") and performance-vesting RSUs ("performance shares"). We recognized share-based compensation expense of $55 million and $52 million during the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $96 million and $85 million during the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, which included amounts reimbursed by hotel owners.

RSUs

During the six months ended June 30, 2024, we granted 471,000 RSUs with a weighted average grant date fair value per share of $203.96, which vest in equal annual installments over two or three years from the date of grant.

Options

During the six months ended June 30, 2024, we granted 264,000 options with a weighted average exercise price per share of $203.95, which vest in equal annual installments over three years from the date of grant and terminate 10 years from the date of grant or earlier if the individual’s service terminates under certain circumstances.

The weighted average grant date fair value per share of the options granted during the six months ended June 30, 2024 was $71.25, which was determined using the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions:

Expected volatility(1)
27.94 %
Dividend yield(2)
0.33 %
Risk-free rate(3)
4.17 %
Expected term (in years)(4)
6.0
____________
(1)Estimated using a blended approach of historical and implied volatility. Historical volatility is based on the historical movement of Hilton's stock price for a period that corresponds to the expected terms of the options.
(2)Estimated based on our quarterly dividend and the three-month average stock price at the date of each grant.
(3)Based on the yields of U.S. Department of Treasury instruments with similar expected terms of the options at the date of each grant.
(4)Estimated using the midpoint of the vesting periods and the contractual terms of the options as we do not have sufficient historical share option exercise data to estimate the terms of our option grants.

Performance Shares

During the six months ended June 30, 2024, we granted 185,000 performance shares with a weighted average grant date fair value per share of $203.95, which vest three years from the date of grant based on the projected achievement of various performance measures.

As of June 30, 2024, we determined that all of the performance measures for all outstanding performance shares granted in 2022, 2023 and 2024 were probable of achievement, with the average of the applicable achievement factors estimated to be between the target and maximum achievement percentages for the performance shares granted in 2022 and 2023 and at the target achievement percentage for the performance shares granted in 2024.

11


Note 10: Earnings Per Share

The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share ("EPS"):

Three Months EndedSix Months Ended
June 30,June 30,
2024202320242023
(in millions, except per share amounts)
Basic EPS:
Numerator:
Net income attributable to Hilton stockholders
$421 $411 $686 $617 
Denominator:
Weighted average shares outstanding249 264 251 265 
Basic EPS$1.69 $1.56 $2.74 $2.33 
Diluted EPS:
Numerator:
Net income attributable to Hilton stockholders
$421 $411 $686 $617 
Denominator:
Weighted average shares outstanding(1)
252 266 253 267 
Diluted EPS$1.67 $1.55 $2.71 $2.31 
____________
(1)Certain shares related to share-based compensation were excluded from the calculations of diluted EPS because their effect would have been anti-dilutive under the treasury stock method, including less than 1 million shares for each of the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 1 million shares for each of the three and six months ended June 30, 2023.

Note 11: Noncontrolling Interests, Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) and Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

The following tables present the changes in the redeemable and nonredeemable noncontrolling interests and the components of stockholders' equity (deficit) attributable to Hilton stockholders:

Three months ended June 30, 2024
Redeemable Noncontrolling InterestsTreasury StockAdditional
Paid-in
Capital
Accumulated DeficitAccumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss
Common StockNoncontrolling
Interests
Total Deficit
SharesAmount
(in millions)
Balance as of March 31, 2024$ 251.0 $3 $(9,060)$10,954 $(3,981)$(749)$16 $(2,817)
Acquisition date fair value of redeemable noncontrolling interests22 — — — — — — — — 
Net income (loss)
(1)— — — — 421 — 2 423 
Other comprehensive loss
— — — — — — (14)(1)(15)
Dividends
— — — — — (37)— — (37)
Repurchases of common stock
— (3.5)— (731)— — — — (731)
Share-based compensation
— 0.3 — 10 68 — — — 78 
Balance as of June 30, 2024$21 247.8 $3 $(9,781)$11,022 $(3,597)$(763)$17 $(3,099)

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Three months ended June 30, 2023
Treasury StockAdditional
Paid-in
Capital
Accumulated DeficitAccumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss
Common StockNoncontrolling
Interests
Total Deficit
SharesAmount
(in millions)
Balance as of March 31, 2023265.4 $3 $(6,489)$10,815 $(5,025)$(724)$7 $(1,413)
Net income— — — — 411 — 2 413 
Other comprehensive income (loss)
— — — — — 21 (1)20 
Dividends— — — — (40)— — (40)
Repurchases of common stock
(3.3)— (475)— — — — (475)
Share-based compensation
0.2 — 8 64 — — — 72 
Balance as of June 30, 2023262.3 $3 $(6,956)$10,879 $(4,654)$(703)$8 $(1,423)

Six Months Ended June 30, 2024
Redeemable Noncontrolling InterestsTreasury StockAdditional
Paid-in
Capital
Accumulated DeficitAccumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss
Common StockNoncontrolling
Interests
Total Deficit
SharesAmount
(in millions)
Balance as of December 31, 2023$ 253.5 $3 $(8,393)$10,968 $(4,207)$(731)$13 $(2,347)
Acquisition date fair value of redeemable noncontrolling interests22 — — — — — — — — 
Net income (loss)
(1)— — — — 686 — 5 691 
Other comprehensive loss
— — — — — — (32)(1)(33)
Dividends
— — — — — (76)— — (76)
Repurchases of common stock
— (6.9)— (1,398)— — — — (1,398)
Share-based compensation
— 1.2 — 10 54 — — — 64 
Balance as of June 30, 2024$21 247.8 $3 $(9,781)$11,022 $(3,597)$(763)$17 $(3,099)

Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
Treasury StockAdditional
Paid-in
Capital
Accumulated DeficitAccumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss
Common StockNoncontrolling
Interests
Total Deficit
SharesAmount
(in millions)
Balance as of December 31, 2022267.9 $3 $(6,040)$10,831 $(5,190)$(706)$4 $(1,098)
Net income— — — — 617 — 5 622 
Other comprehensive income (loss)
— — — — — 3 (1)2 
Dividends— — — — (81)— — (81)
Repurchases of common stock
(6.5)— (924)— — — — (924)
Share-based compensation
0.9 — 8 48 — — — 56 
Balance as of June 30, 2023262.3 $3 $(6,956)$10,879 $(4,654)$(703)$8 $(1,423)

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The changes in the components of accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of taxes, were as follows:

Currency Translation Adjustment(1)
Pension Liability Adjustment(2)
Cash Flow Hedge Adjustment(3)
Total
(in millions)
Balance as of December 31, 2023$(539)$(262)$70 $(731)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications
(39)(1)28 (12)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss
1 5 (26)(20)
Net other comprehensive income (loss)
(38)4 2 (32)
Balance as of June 30, 2024$(577)$(258)$72 $(763)

Currency Translation Adjustment(1)
Pension Liability Adjustment(2)
Cash Flow Hedge Adjustment(3)
Total
(in millions)
Balance as of December 31, 2022$(548)$(259)$101 $(706)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications
(1) 14 13 
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss
 4 (14)(10)
Net other comprehensive income (loss)
(1)4  3 
Balance as of June 30, 2023$(549)$(255)$101 $(703)
____________
(1)Includes net investment hedge gains and intra-entity foreign currency transactions that are of a long-term investment nature. Amount reclassified during the six months ended June 30, 2024 relates to the liquidation of an investment in a foreign entity and was recognized in loss on foreign currency transactions in our condensed consolidated statement of operations.
(2)Amounts reclassified relate to the amortization of prior service cost and amortization of net loss and were recognized in other non-operating income (loss), net in our condensed consolidated statements of operations.
(3)Amounts reclassified were the result of hedging instruments, primarily comprising interest rate swaps, inclusive of interest rate swaps that were dedesignated in prior periods, with related amounts recognized in interest expense in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. Amounts reclassified also related to forward contracts that hedge our foreign currency denominated fees, with related amounts recognized in various revenue line items, as applicable, in our condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Note 12: Business Segments

We are a hospitality company with operations organized in two distinct operating segments: (i) management and franchise and (ii) ownership, each of which is reported as a segment based on (a) delivering a similar set of products and services and
(b) being managed separately given its distinct economic characteristics.

The management and franchise segment includes all of the hotels we manage for third-party owners, as well as all franchised hotels that license our IP and where we provide other contracted services, but the day-to-day services of the hotels are operated or managed by someone other than us. Revenues from this segment include: (i) management and franchise fees charged to third-party hotel owners; (ii) licensing fees from our strategic partners, including co-branded credit card providers and hotels that are not managed or franchised hotels that use our booking channels ("strategic partner hotels"), and Hilton Grand Vacations Inc. ("HGV"); and (iii) fees for managing the hotels in our ownership segment. The ownership segment primarily derives revenues from nightly hotel room sales, food and beverage sales and other services at our consolidated owned and leased hotels.

The performance of our operating segments is evaluated primarily on operating income (loss), without allocating amortization of contract acquisition costs, other revenues and other expenses, other revenues and other expenses from managed and franchised properties, depreciation and amortization expenses or general and administrative expenses, and does not include equity in earnings (losses) from unconsolidated affiliates. Our chief operating decision maker does not use assets by operating segment when assessing performance or making operating segment resource allocations.

14


The following table presents revenues for our reportable segments, reconciled to consolidated amounts:

Three Months EndedSix Months Ended
June 30,June 30,
2024202320242023
(in millions)
Franchise and licensing fees$694 $622 $1,270 $1,135 
Base and other management fees(1)
108 100 227 189 
Incentive management fees68 69 138 134 
Management and franchise870 791 1,635 1,458 
Ownership337 341 592 589 
Segment revenues1,207 1,132 2,227 2,047 
Amortization of contract acquisition costs(13)(11)(25)(21)
Other revenues71 46 121 81 
Other revenues from managed and franchised properties
1,693 1,500 3,214 2,857 
Intersegment fees elimination(1)
(7)(7)(13)(11)
Total revenues$2,951 $2,660 $5,524 $4,953 
____________
(1)Includes management, royalty and IP fees charged to consolidated hotels in our ownership segment by our management and franchise segment, which were eliminated in our condensed consolidated statements of operations.

The following table presents operating income for each of our reportable segments, reconciled to consolidated income before income taxes:

Three Months EndedSix Months Ended
June 30,June 30,
2024202320242023
(in millions)
Management and franchise(1)
$870 $791 $1,635 $1,458 
Ownership(1)
32 37 34 30 
Segment operating income902 828 1,669 1,488 
Amortization of contract acquisition costs(13)(11)(25)(21)
Other revenues, less other expenses34 13 54 27 
Net other expenses from managed and franchised properties
(51)(8)(160)(46)
Depreciation and amortization expenses(34)(37)(70)(74)
General and administrative expenses(113)(111)(217)(202)
Gain on sales of assets, net
  7  
Operating income725 674 1,258 1,172 
Interest expense(141)(111)(272)(227)
Loss on foreign currency transactions(1)(6)(2)(6)
Loss on investments in unconsolidated affiliate   (92)
Other non-operating income (loss), net8 11 (28)23 
Income before income taxes$591 $568 $956 $870 
____________
(1)Includes management, royalty and IP fees charged to consolidated hotels in our ownership segment by our management and franchise segment, which were eliminated in our condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Note 13: Commitments and Contingencies

We include performance clauses in certain of our management contracts, however, most of these clauses do not require us to fund shortfalls, but instead allow for termination of the contract if specified operating performance levels are not achieved. In limited cases, we are obligated to fund performance shortfalls and our obligations under these guarantees in future periods are dependent on the operating performance level of the related hotel over the remaining term of the performance guarantee for that
15


particular hotel. As of June 30, 2024, we had performance guarantees with expirations ranging from 2025 to 2043 and possible cash outlays totaling $14 million.

We also have extended debt guarantees and provided letters of credit to owners of certain hotels that we currently or in the future will manage or franchise. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, we recognized losses of $3 million and $50 million, respectively, in other non-operating loss, net in our condensed consolidated statement of operations for debt guarantees extended to certain hotels we manage that have failed to comply with the requirements of their respective debt agreements. We paid $77 million during the six months ended June 30, 2024 related to debt guarantees. Our debt guarantees and letters of credit as of June 30, 2024 had expirations ranging from 2025 to 2033 and remaining possible cash outlays totaling $49 million.

The performance and debt guarantees create variable interests in the ownership entities of the related hotels, of which we are not the primary beneficiary.

We receive Hilton Honors and program fees from managed and franchised properties that we are contractually required to use to operate our Hilton Honors program, marketing, sales and brands programs and other shared services on behalf of hotel owners. If we collect amounts in excess of amounts expended, we have a commitment to spend these amounts on the related programs.

We are involved in various claims and lawsuits arising in the ordinary course of business, some of which include claims for substantial sums. While the ultimate results of claims and litigation cannot be predicted with certainty, we expect that the ultimate resolution of all pending or threatened claims and litigation as of June 30, 2024 will not have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Note 14: Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information

Cash interest paid included within operating activities in our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows was $272 million and $237 million during the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. These amounts excluded $29 million and $24 million of cash receipts for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, related to settlements of our interest rate swap with a financing component, which are separately disclosed within financing activities in our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.

Income tax payments, net of refunds received, were $268 million and $233 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

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Item 2.    Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023.

Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"). These statements include, but are not limited to, statements related to our expectations regarding the performance of our business, future financial results, liquidity and capital resources and other non-historical statements. In some cases, you can identify these forward-looking statements by the use of words such as "outlook," "believes," "expects," "forecasts," "potential," "continues," "may," "will," "should," "could," "seeks," "projects," "predicts," "intends," "plans," "estimates," "anticipates" or the negative version of these words or other comparable words. Such forward-looking statements are subject to various risks and uncertainties including, among others, risks inherent to the hospitality industry; macroeconomic factors beyond our control, such as inflation, changes in interest rates, challenges due to labor shortages or disputes and supply chain disruptions; competition for hotel guests and management and franchise contracts; risks related to doing business with third-party hotel owners; performance of our information technology systems; growth of reservation channels outside of our system; risks of doing business outside of the U.S.; risks associated with conflicts in Eastern Europe and the Middle East and other geopolitical events; and our indebtedness. Accordingly, there are or will be important factors that could cause actual outcomes or results to differ materially from those indicated in these statements. We believe these factors include, but are not limited to, those described under "Part I—Item 1A. Risk Factors" of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023. These factors should not be construed as exhaustive and should be read in conjunction with the other cautionary statements that are included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or review any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise, except as required by law.

Overview

Our Business

Hilton is one of the largest global hospitality companies, with 7,780 properties comprising 1,216,308 rooms in 126 countries and territories as of June 30, 2024. Our premier brand portfolio includes luxury, lifestyle, full service, focused service and all-suites hotel brands, as well as timeshare brands. As of June 30, 2024, we had 195 million members in our award-winning guest loyalty program, Hilton Honors, an increase of 18 percent from June 30, 2023.

Segments and Regions

We analyze our operations and business by both operating segments and geographic regions. Our operations consist of two reportable segments that are based on similar products and services: (i) management and franchise and (ii) ownership. The management and franchise segment provides services, including hotel management and licensing of our IP. Revenues from this segment include: (i) management and franchise fees charged to third-party hotel owners; (ii) licensing fees from our strategic partners, including co-branded credit card providers and hotels that are not managed or franchised hotels that use our booking channels, and HGV; and (iii) fees for managing the hotels in our ownership segment. As a manager of hotels, we typically are responsible for supervising or operating the hotel in exchange for management fees. As a franchisor of hotels, we charge franchise fees in exchange for the use of one of our brand names and/or related commercial services, such as our reservations system, marketing and information technology services, while a third party manages or operates such franchised hotels. The ownership segment primarily derives revenues from nightly hotel room sales, food and beverage sales and other services at our consolidated owned and leased hotels.

We conduct business in three distinct geographic regions: (i) the Americas; (ii) Europe, Middle East and Africa ("EMEA"); and (iii) Asia Pacific. The Americas region includes North America, South America and Central America, including all Caribbean nations. Although the U.S., which represented 67 percent of our system-wide hotel rooms as of June 30, 2024, is included in the Americas region, it is often analyzed separately and apart from the Americas region and, as such, it is presented separately within our hotel operating statistics in "—Results of Operations." The EMEA region includes Europe, which represents the western-most peninsula of Eurasia stretching from Iceland in the west to Russia in the east, and the Middle East and Africa ("MEA"), which represents the Middle East region and all African nations, including the Indian Ocean island
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nations. Europe and MEA are often analyzed separately and, as such, are presented separately within our hotel operating statistics in "—Results of Operations." The Asia Pacific region includes the eastern and southeastern nations of Asia, as well as India, Australia, New Zealand and the Pacific Island nations.

System Growth and Development Pipeline

Our strategic objectives include the continued expansion of our global hotel network, in particular our fee-based business. As we enter into new management and franchise contracts and enter into strategic agreements to complement our hotel portfolio, we expand our business with limited or no capital investment by us as the manager, franchisor or licensor, since the capital required to build, renovate and maintain hotels is typically provided by the third-party owners with whom we contract to provide management services or license our IP. Prior to approving the addition of new hotels to our management and franchise development pipeline, we evaluate the economic viability of the hotel based on its geographic location, the credit quality of the third-party owner and other factors. By increasing the number of management and franchise contracts with third-party owners, over time we expect to increase revenues, overall return on invested capital and cash available to support our business needs. See further discussion on our cash management policy in "—Liquidity and Capital Resources." The current economic environment, including elevated levels of inflation and interest rates, has posed certain challenges to the execution of our growth strategy, which have included and may continue to include delays in openings and new development.

In addition to our current hotel portfolio, we are focused on the growth of our business by expanding our global hotel network through our development pipeline, which represents hotels that we expect to add to our system in the future. The following table summarizes our development activity:

As of or for the
Six Months Ended
June 30, 2024
Hotels
Rooms(1)
Hotel system
Openings
271 39,200 
Net additions(2)
244 32,200 
Development pipeline
Additions(3)
926 92,500 
Count as of period end(3)(4)(5)
3,870 508,300 
____________
(1)Rounded to the nearest hundred.
(2)Represents room additions, net of rooms removed from our system. Net unit growth from June 30, 2023 to June 30, 2024 was 6.2 percent.
(3)Additions include 385 hotels and approximately 18,200 rooms related to strategic partner hotels; count as of period end includes 379 hotels and approximately 17,700 rooms related to strategic partner hotels.
(4)The hotels in our development pipeline were under development throughout 136 countries and territories, including 39 countries and territories where we had no existing hotels, with 251,800 rooms under construction and 298,800 rooms located outside of the U.S. Rooms under construction include rooms for hotels under construction or in the process of conversion to our system. Nearly all of the rooms in our development pipeline will be in our management and franchise segment upon opening. We do not consider any individual development project to be material to us.
(5)Excluding strategic partner hotels, the development pipeline would have totaled 3,491 hotels and 490,600 rooms as of June 30, 2024.

Key Business and Financial Metrics Used by Management

Comparable Hotels

We define our comparable hotels as those that: (i) were active and operating in our system for at least one full calendar year, have not undergone a change in brand or ownership type during the current or comparable periods and were open January 1st of the previous year; and (ii) have not undergone large-scale capital projects, sustained substantial property damage, encountered business interruption or for which comparable results were not available. We exclude strategic partner hotels from our comparable hotels. Of the 7,682 hotels in our system as of June 30, 2024, six hotels were strategic partner hotels and 6,296 hotels were classified as comparable hotels. Our 1,380 non-comparable hotels as of June 30, 2024 included (i) 702 hotels that were added to our system after January 1, 2023 or that have undergone a change in brand or ownership type during the current or comparable periods reported and (ii) 678 hotels that were removed from the comparable group for the current or comparable periods reported because they underwent or are undergoing large-scale capital projects, sustained substantial property damage, encountered business interruption or comparable results were otherwise not available.

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Occupancy

Occupancy represents the total number of room nights sold divided by the total number of room nights available at a hotel or group of hotels for a given period. Occupancy measures the utilization of available capacity at a hotel or group of hotels. Management uses occupancy to gauge demand at a specific hotel or group of hotels in a given period. Occupancy levels also help management determine achievable Average Daily Rate ("ADR") pricing levels as demand for hotel rooms increases or decreases.

ADR

ADR represents hotel room revenue divided by the total number of room nights sold for a given period. ADR measures the average room price attained by a hotel, and ADR trends provide useful information concerning the pricing environment and the nature of the customer base of a hotel or group of hotels. ADR is a commonly used performance measure in the industry, and we use ADR to assess pricing levels that we are able to generate by type of customer, as changes in rates charged to customers have different effects on overall revenues and incremental profitability than changes in occupancy, as described above.

Revenue per Available Room ("RevPAR")

RevPAR is calculated by dividing hotel room revenue by the total number of room nights available to guests for a given period. We consider RevPAR to be a meaningful indicator of our performance as it provides a metric correlated to two primary and key drivers of operations at a hotel or group of hotels, as previously described: occupancy and ADR. RevPAR is also a useful indicator in measuring performance over comparable periods for comparable hotels.

References to occupancy, ADR and RevPAR are presented on a comparable basis, based on the comparable hotels as of June 30, 2024, and references to ADR and RevPAR are presented on a currency neutral basis, unless otherwise noted. As such, comparisons of these hotel operating statistics for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 use the foreign currency exchange rates used to translate the results of the Company's foreign operations within its unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively.

EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA

EBITDA reflects net income (loss), excluding interest expense, a provision for income tax benefit (expense) and depreciation and amortization expenses. Adjusted EBITDA is calculated as EBITDA, as previously defined, further adjusted to exclude certain items, including gains, losses, revenues and expenses in connection with: (i) asset dispositions for both consolidated and unconsolidated investments; (ii) foreign currency transactions; (iii) debt restructurings and retirements; (iv) furniture, fixtures and equipment ("FF&E") replacement reserves required under certain lease agreements; (v) share-based compensation; (vi) reorganization, severance, relocation and other expenses; (vii) non-cash impairment; (viii) amortization of contract acquisition costs; (ix) the net effect of our cost reimbursement revenues and expenses included in other revenues and other expenses from managed and franchised properties; and (x) other items.

We believe that EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA provide useful information to investors about us and our financial condition and results of operations for the following reasons: (i) these measures are among the measures used by our management team to evaluate our operating performance and make day-to-day operating decisions and (ii) these measures are frequently used by securities analysts, investors and other interested parties as a common performance measure to compare results or estimate valuations across companies in our industry. Additionally, these measures exclude certain items that can vary widely across different industries and among competitors within our industry. For instance, interest expense and income taxes are dependent on company specifics, including, among other things, capital structure and operating jurisdictions, respectively, and, therefore, could vary significantly across companies. Depreciation and amortization expenses, as well as amortization of contract acquisition costs, are dependent upon company policies, including the method of acquiring and depreciating assets and the useful lives that are assigned to those depreciating or amortizing assets for accounting purposes. For Adjusted EBITDA, we also exclude items such as: (i) FF&E replacement reserves for leased hotels to be consistent with the treatment of capital expenditures for property and equipment, where depreciation of such capitalized assets is reported within depreciation and amortization expenses; (ii) share-based compensation, as this could vary widely among companies due to the different plans in place and the usage of them; and (iii) other items that are not reflective of our operating performance, such as amounts related to debt restructurings and debt retirements and reorganization and related severance costs, to enhance period-over-period comparisons of our ongoing operations. Further, Adjusted EBITDA excludes the net effect of our cost reimbursement revenues and expenses, classified in other revenues from managed and franchised properties and other expenses from managed and franchised properties, respectively, as we contractually do not operate the related programs to generate a profit or loss over the
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life of these programs. The direct reimbursements from hotel owners are billable and reimbursable as the costs are incurred and have no net effect on net income (loss). The fees we recognize related to the indirect reimbursements may be recognized before or after the related expenses are incurred, causing timing differences between the recognition of the costs incurred and the related reimbursement from hotel owners, with the net effect impacting net income (loss) in the reporting period. However, the expenses incurred related to the indirect reimbursements are expected to equal the revenues earned from the indirect reimbursements over time, and, therefore, the net effect of our cost reimbursement revenues and expenses is not used by management to evaluate our operating performance or make operating decisions.

EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA are not recognized terms under GAAP and should not be considered as alternatives, either in isolation or as a substitute, for net income (loss) or other measures of financial performance or liquidity, including cash flows, derived in accordance with GAAP. Further, EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA have limitations as analytical tools, including:

EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA do not reflect changes in, or cash requirements for, our working capital needs;

EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA do not reflect our interest expense, or the cash requirements necessary to service interest or principal payments, on our indebtedness;

EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA do not reflect income tax expenses or the cash requirements to pay our taxes;

EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA do not reflect historical cash expenditures or future requirements for capital expenditures or contractual commitments;

EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA do not reflect the effect on earnings or changes resulting from matters that we consider not to be indicative of our future operations;

although depreciation and amortization are non-cash charges, the assets being depreciated and amortized will often have to be replaced in the future, and EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA do not reflect any cash requirements for such replacements; and

other companies in our industry may calculate EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA differently, limiting their usefulness as comparative measures.

Because of these limitations, EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA should not be considered as discretionary cash available to us to reinvest in the growth of our business, return to our stockholders through share repurchases and dividends or as measures of cash that will be available to us to meet our obligations.

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Results of Operations

The hotel operating statistics by region for our system-wide comparable hotels were as follows:

Three Months EndedChangeSix Months EndedChange
June 30, 2024
2024 vs. 2023
June 30, 2024
2024 vs. 2023
System-wide
Occupancy75.3 %1.3 %
pts.
71.3 %0.7 %pts.
ADR$163.70 1.7 %$159.37 1.7 %
RevPAR$123.30 3.5 %$113.65 2.8 %
U.S.
Occupancy76.8 %1.1 %pts.72.3 %0.3 %pts.
ADR$172.36 1.4 %$167.11 1.0 %
RevPAR$132.33 2.9 %$120.84 1.4 %
Americas (excluding U.S.)
Occupancy71.2 %1.7 %pts.68.6 %1.5 %pts.
ADR$154.34 4.0 %$155.54 4.6 %
RevPAR$109.94 6.5 %$106.64 6.9 %
Europe
Occupancy77.4 %2.4 %pts.71.2 %2.7 %pts.
ADR$173.38 3.4 %$159.07 3.7 %
RevPAR$134.12 6.7 %$113.18 7.9 %
MEA
Occupancy68.3 %2.4 %pts.70.8 %2.4 %pts.
ADR$185.55 6.8 %$190.27 8.9 %
RevPAR$126.68 10.7 %$134.76 12.8 %
Asia Pacific
Occupancy69.5 %0.8 %pts.67.3 %1.1 %pts.
ADR$105.20 (0.2)%$109.93 2.7 %
RevPAR$73.08 0.9 %$74.03 4.4 %

System-wide RevPAR increased during the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, supported by improvements in system-wide ADR, which included the impact of inflation, and increases in occupancy, which were driven by increases in group demand. The increases in RevPAR in the U.S. were driven by the timing of holidays. The Americas region, excluding the U.S., continued to see improvement resulting from increases in inbound leisure travel in Mexico and the Caribbean and Latin America. The RevPAR increases in Europe were driven by continued growth in inbound international travel, which, during the periods, increased in several major cities that held large popular sporting and concert events. Both MEA and Asia Pacific benefited from increased travel due to less restrictive tourism policies and special events in the regions. The increases in Asia Pacific were partially offset by decreases in China, as travel and tourism continues to normalize from the removal of cross-border travel restrictions.

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The table below provides a reconciliation of net income to EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA:

Three Months EndedSix Months Ended
June 30,June 30,
2024202320242023
(in millions)
Net income$422 $413 $690 $622 
Interest expense141 111 272 227 
Income tax expense169 155 266 248 
Depreciation and amortization expenses34 37 70 74 
EBITDA766 716 1,298 1,171 
Gain on sales of assets, net
— — (7)— 
Loss on foreign currency transactions
Loss on investments in unconsolidated affiliate(1)
— — — 92 
Loss on debt guarantees(2)
— 50 — 
FF&E replacement reserves13 15 24 23 
Share-based compensation expense55 52 96 85 
Amortization of contract acquisition costs13 11 25 21 
Net other expenses from managed and franchised properties
51 160 46 
Other adjustments(3)
15 19 
Adjusted EBITDA$917 $811 $1,667 $1,452 
____________
(1)Amount includes losses recognized related to equity and debt financing that we had previously provided to an unconsolidated affiliate with underlying investments in certain hotels that we manage or franchise; refer to Note 5: "Loss on Investments in Unconsolidated Affiliate" in our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information.
(2)Amounts include losses on debt guarantees for certain hotels that we manage; refer to Note 13: "Commitments and Contingencies" in our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information.
(3)Amounts for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 primarily relate to restructuring costs related to one of our leased properties and transaction costs resulting from the amendment of our Term Loans. Amount for the six months ended June 30, 2024 also includes transaction costs incurred for acquisitions. Amounts for all periods include net losses (gains) related to certain of our investments in unconsolidated affiliates, other than the loss included separately in "loss on investments in unconsolidated affiliate," severance and other items.

Revenues

Three Months EndedPercentSix Months EndedPercent
June 30,ChangeJune 30,Change
202420232024 vs. 2023202420232024 vs. 2023
(in millions)(in millions)
Franchise and licensing fees$689 $618 11.5$1,260 $1,126 11.9
Base and other management fees$93 $86 8.1$199 $166 19.9
Incentive management fees68 69 (1.4)138 134 3.0
Total management fees$161 $155 3.9$337 $300 12.3

The increases in franchise and management fees were primarily the result of increases in RevPAR at our comparable franchised and managed hotels. During the three months ended June 30, 2024, RevPAR at our comparable franchised and managed hotels increased 2.8 percent and 5.4 percent, respectively, contributing to currency neutral increases in franchise and management fees of $19 million and $9 million, respectively. The increases in RevPAR at our comparable franchised and managed hotels for the three months ended June 30, 2024 were due to increased occupancy of 0.9 percentage points and 2.7 percentage points, respectively, and increased ADR of 1.7 percent and 1.4 percent, respectively. During the six months ended June 30, 2024, RevPAR at our comparable franchised and managed hotels increased 1.4 percent and 6.8 percent, respectively, contributing to currency neutral increases in franchise and management fees of $27 million and $25 million, respectively. The increases in RevPAR at our comparable franchised and managed hotels for the six months ended June 30, 2024 were due to increased occupancy of 0.1 percentage points and 2.9 percentage points, respectively, and increased ADR of 1.3 percent and 2.3 percent, respectively.

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Further, franchise and management fees included net increases of $14 million and $3 million, respectively, during the three months ended June 30, 2024, and $23 million and $4 million, respectively, during the six months ended June 30, 2024 as a result of net hotel additions between the periods. During the six months ended June 30, 2024, franchise and management fees also increased as a result of increases of $9 million and $20 million, respectively, in termination fees received from hotels that exited our system.

Licensing fees increased $34 million and $72 million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively, as a result of increases in fees from our strategic partnerships and HGV. Increased fees from our strategic partnerships primarily resulted from new cardholder acquisitions and increased cardholder spend under our co-branded credit card arrangements. Increased fees from HGV resulted from increased timeshare revenues, inclusive of the impact of adding new timeshare properties to our system between the periods, including those acquired by HGV from third-party companies.

Three Months EndedPercentSix Months EndedPercent
June 30,ChangeJune 30,Change
202420232024 vs. 20232024