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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549 
_______________________________________________ 
FORM 10-Q 
_______________________________________________
(Mark One)
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2023
OR
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from                  to                 
Commission file number 001-34385
ivrmainimageinblacka07.jpg
Invesco Mortgage Capital Inc.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
_______________________________________________
Maryland26-2749336
(State or Other Jurisdiction of
Incorporation or Organization)
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
1331 Spring Street, N.W., Suite 2500,
Atlanta,Georgia30309
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)(Zip Code)
(404) 892-0896
(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code) 
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934:
Title of Each ClassTrading SymbolName of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Common Stock, par value $0.01 per shareIVRNew York Stock Exchange
7.75% Fixed-to-Floating Series B Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock IVR PrBNew York Stock Exchange
7.50% Fixed-to-Floating Series C Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock IVR PrCNew York Stock Exchange
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes      No  
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes      No  
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer 
  Accelerated filer 
Non-Accelerated filer 
  Smaller reporting company 
Emerging growth company
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes      No  
As of October 31, 2023, there were 48,460,626 outstanding shares of common stock of Invesco Mortgage Capital Inc.


INVESCO MORTGAGE CAPITAL INC.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
  Page
Item 1.
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
Item 1.
Item 1A.
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
Item 5.
Item 6.



PART I
ITEM 1.     FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
INVESCO MORTGAGE CAPITAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Unaudited)
  
As of
 $ in thousands, except share amountsSeptember 30, 2023December 31, 2022
ASSETS
Mortgage-backed securities, at fair value (including pledged securities of $5,226,133 and $4,439,583, respectively; net of allowance for credit losses of $212 and $0, respectively)
5,443,928 4,791,893 
Cash and cash equivalents173,921 175,535 
Restricted cash185,824 103,246 
Due from counterparties 1,584 
Investment related receivable25,608 22,744 
Derivative assets, at fair value 662 
Other assets2,062 1,731 
Total assets 5,831,343 5,097,395 
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Liabilities:
Repurchase agreements4,987,006 4,234,823 
Derivative liabilities, at fair value7,637 2,079 
Dividends payable19,384 25,162 
Accrued interest payable26,751 20,546 
Collateral held payable 4,892 
Accounts payable and accrued expenses1,838 1,365 
Due to affiliate3,702 4,453 
Total liabilities 5,046,318 4,293,320 
Commitments and contingencies (See Note 14):
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share; 50,000,000 shares authorized:
7.75% Fixed-to-Floating Series B Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock: 4,465,414 and 4,537,634 shares issued and outstanding, respectively ($111,635 and $113,441 aggregate liquidation preference, respectively)
107,934 109,679 
7.50% Fixed-to-Floating Series C Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock: 7,681,211 and 7,816,470 shares issued and outstanding, respectively ($192,030 and $195,412 aggregate liquidation preference, respectively)
185,757 189,028 
Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share; 67,000,000 shares authorized, 48,460,626 and 38,710,916 shares issued and outstanding, respectively
484 387 
Additional paid in capital4,011,005 3,901,562 
Accumulated other comprehensive income883 10,761 
Retained earnings (distributions in excess of earnings)(3,521,038)(3,407,342)
Total stockholders’ equity785,025 804,075 
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity5,831,343 5,097,395 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
1

INVESCO MORTGAGE CAPITAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Unaudited)
 
 Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
$ in thousands, except share data2023202220232022
Interest income
Mortgage-backed and other securities75,132 49,058 215,847 134,689 
Commercial loan 670  1,768 
Total interest income75,132 49,728 215,847 136,457 
Interest expense
Repurchase agreements65,701 18,008 174,449 19,359 
Total interest expense65,701 18,008 174,449 19,359 
Net interest income9,431 31,720 41,398 117,098 
Other income (loss)
Gain (loss) on investments, net(224,897)(260,837)(272,620)(1,090,101)
(Increase) decrease in provision for credit losses(43) (212) 
Equity in earnings (losses) of unconsolidated ventures2 (6)4 (287)
Gain (loss) on derivative instruments, net151,689 133,549 203,418 554,151 
Other investment income (loss), net  (66)44 
Total other income (loss)(73,249)(127,294)(69,476)(536,193)
Expenses
Management fee – related party3,090 3,836 9,237 13,729 
General and administrative1,691 2,018 5,743 6,561 
Total expenses4,781 5,854 14,980 20,290 
Net income (loss)(68,599)(101,428)(43,058)(439,385)
Dividends to preferred stockholders(5,772)(5,862)(17,474)(22,356)
Gain on repurchase and retirement of preferred stock347 12,688 711 14,179 
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders(74,024)(94,602)(59,821)(447,562)
Earnings (loss) per share:
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders
Basic(1.62)(2.78)(1.40)(13.42)
Diluted(1.62)(2.78)(1.40)(13.42)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
2

INVESCO MORTGAGE CAPITAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(Unaudited)
 
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
$ in thousands2023202220232022
Net income (loss)(68,599)(101,428)(43,058)(439,385)
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Unrealized gain (loss) on mortgage-backed securities, net(91)(1,243)(698)(5,489)
Reclassification of unrealized loss on available-for-sale securities to (increase) decrease in provision for credit losses43  212  
Reclassification of amortization of net deferred (gain) loss on de-designated interest rate swaps to repurchase agreements interest expense(1,810)(4,855)(9,505)(14,853)
Currency translation adjustments on investment in unconsolidated venture (141)(10)(434)
Reclassification of currency translation loss on investment in unconsolidated venture to other investment income (loss), net  123  
Total other comprehensive income (loss)(1,858)(6,239)(9,878)(20,776)
Comprehensive income (loss)(70,457)(107,667)(52,936)(460,161)
Dividends to preferred stockholders(5,772)(5,862)(17,474)(22,356)
Gain on repurchase and retirement of preferred stock347 12,688 711 14,179 
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to common stockholders(75,882)(100,841)(69,699)(468,338)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

3

INVESCO MORTGAGE CAPITAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
For the three months ended March 31, 2023; June 30, 2023 and September 30, 2023
(Unaudited)

 
Additional
Paid in
Capital
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
Retained
Earnings
(Distributions
in excess of
earnings)
Total
Stockholders’
Equity
Series B
Preferred Stock
Series C
Preferred Stock
$ in thousands, except share amountsCommon Stock
SharesAmountSharesAmountSharesAmount
Balance as of December 31, 20224,537,634 109,679 7,816,470 189,028 38,710,916 387 3,901,562 10,761 (3,407,342)804,075 
Net income (loss)— — — — — — — — 21,463 21,463 
Other comprehensive income (loss)— — — — — — — (4,857)— (4,857)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of offering costs— — — — 2,930,069 29 35,763 — — 35,792 
Stock awards— — — — 6,259 — — — —  
Common stock dividends— — — — — — — — (16,658)(16,658)
Preferred stock dividends— — — — — — — — (5,862)(5,862)
Amortization of equity-based compensation— — — — — — 162 — — 162 
Balance as of March 31, 20234,537,634 109,679 7,816,470 189,028 41,647,244 416 3,937,487 5,904 (3,408,399)834,115 
Net income (loss)— — — — — — — — 4,078 4,078 
Other comprehensive income (loss)— — — — — — — (3,163)— (3,163)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of offering costs— — — — 2,888,639 29 30,939 — — 30,968 
Repurchase and retirement of preferred stock(37,788)(913)(42,696)(1,033)— — — — 364 (1,582)
Stock awards— — — — 43,980 — — — —  
Common stock dividends— — — — — — — — (17,833)(17,833)
Preferred stock dividends— — — — — — — — (5,840)(5,840)
Amortization of equity-based compensation— — — — — — 141 — — 141 
Balance as of June 30, 20234,499,846 108,766 7,773,774 187,995 44,579,863 445 3,968,567 2,741 (3,427,630)840,884 
Net income (loss)— — — — — — — — (68,599)(68,599)
Other comprehensive income (loss)— — — — — — — (1,858)— (1,858)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of offering costs3,880,763 39 42,305 42,344 
Repurchase and retirement of preferred stock(34,432)(832)(92,563)(2,238)— — — — 347 (2,723)
Common stock dividends— — — — — — — — (19,384)(19,384)
Preferred stock dividends— — — — — — — — (5,772)(5,772)
Amortization of equity-based compensation— — — — — — 133 — — 133 
Balance at September 30, 20234,465,414 107,934 7,681,211 185,757 48,460,626 484 4,011,005 883 (3,521,038)785,025 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.


4


INVESCO MORTGAGE CAPITAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
For the three months ended March 31, 2022; June 30, 2022 and September 30, 2022
(Unaudited)


Additional
Paid in
Capital
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
Retained
Earnings
(Distributions
in excess of
earnings)
Total
Stockholders’
Equity
Series B
Preferred Stock
Series C
Preferred Stock
$ in thousands, except share amountsCommon Stock
SharesAmountSharesAmountSharesAmount
Balance as of December 31, 20216,200,000 149,860 11,500,000 278,108 32,987,478 330 3,819,375 37,286 (2,882,824)1,402,135 
Net income (loss)— — — — — — — — (228,422)(228,422)
Other comprehensive income (loss)— — — — — — — (7,817)— (7,817)
Stock awards— — — — 4,315 — — — —  
Common stock dividends— — — — — — — — (29,693)(29,693)
Preferred stock dividends— — — — — — — — (8,394)(8,394)
Amortization of equity-based compensation— — — — — — 138 — — 138 
Balance as of March 31, 20226,200,000 149,860 11,500,000 278,108 32,991,793 330 3,819,513 29,469 (3,149,333)1,127,947 
Net income (loss)— — — — — — — — (109,535)(109,535)
Other comprehensive income (loss)— — — — — — — (6,720)— (6,720)
Repurchase and retirement of preferred stock(43,820)(1,059)(620,141)(14,997)— — — — 1,491 (14,565)
Stock awards— — — — 32,571 — — — —  
Payments in lieu of fractional shares in connection with one-for-ten reverse stock split— — — — (46)— (1)— — (1)
Common stock dividends— — — — — — — —   
Preferred stock dividends— — — — — — — — (29,721)(29,721)
Redemption of preferred stock— — — — — — — — (8,100)(8,100)
Amortization of equity-based compensation— — — — — — 158 — — 158 
Balance as of June 30, 20226,156,180 148,801 10,879,859 263,111 33,024,318 330 3,819,670 22,749 (3,295,198)959,463 
Net income (loss)— — — — — — — — (101,428)(101,428)
Other comprehensive income (loss)— — — — — — — (6,239)— (6,239)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of offering costs— — — — 2,327,805 23 38,590 — — 38,613 
Repurchase and retirement of preferred stock(1,618,546)(39,122)(3,063,389)(74,083)— — — — 12,688 (100,517)
Common stock dividends— — — — — — — — (22,979)(22,979)
Preferred stock dividends— — — — — — — — (5,862)(5,862)
Amortization of equity-based compensation— — — — — — 158 — — 158 
Balance at September 30, 20224,537,634 109,679 7,816,470 189,028 35,352,123 353 3,858,418 16,510 (3,412,779)761,209 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
5

INVESCO MORTGAGE CAPITAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)
  Nine Months Ended September 30,
$ in thousands20232022
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Net income (loss)(43,058)(439,385)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Amortization of mortgage-backed and other securities premiums and (discounts), net(4,412)835 
Realized and unrealized (gain) loss on derivative instruments, net(13,391)(509,156)
(Gain) loss on investments, net272,620 1,090,101 
Increase (decrease) in provision for credit losses212  
(Gain) loss from investments in unconsolidated ventures in excess of distributions received(4)38 
Other amortization(9,069)(14,399)
Loss on foreign currency translation123  
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
(Increase) decrease in operating assets(3,106)(1,901)
Increase (decrease) in operating liabilities6,200 651 
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities206,115 126,784 
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Purchase of mortgage-backed securities(4,522,098)(20,721,166)
Purchase of U.S. Treasury securities(48,672)(502,290)
Distributions from investments in unconsolidated ventures, net41 8,529 
Principal payments from mortgage-backed securities260,942 330,550 
Proceeds from sale of mortgage-backed securities3,339,830 22,775,148 
Proceeds from the sale of U.S. Treasury securities48,977 468,051 
Settlement (termination) of forwards, swaps, and TBAs, net19,611 487,538 
Net change in due from counterparties and collateral held payable on derivative instruments1,584 (649)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities(899,785)2,845,711 
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Proceeds from issuance of common stock109,104 38,726 
Repurchase of preferred stock(4,305)(115,082)
Cash paid in lieu of fractional shares in connection with one-for-ten reverse stock split (1)
Proceeds from repurchase agreements28,937,349 51,685,864 
Principal repayments of repurchase agreements(28,185,166)(54,786,407)
Net change in due from counterparties and collateral held payable on repurchase agreements(4,892)3,527 
Payments of deferred costs(329)(350)
Payments of dividends (77,127)(111,459)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities774,634 (3,285,182)
Net change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash80,964 (312,687)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period278,781 577,052 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period359,745 264,365 
Supplement Disclosure of Cash Flow Information
Interest paid177,748 31,616 
Non-cash Investing and Financing Activities Information
Net change in unrealized gain (loss) on mortgage-backed securities classified as available-for-sale486 (5,489)
Dividends declared not paid19,384 22,979 
Net change in investment related receivable (payable)80 (416)
Net change in foreign currency translation adjustment recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income(113)434 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
6

INVESCO MORTGAGE CAPITAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
Note 1 – Organization and Business Operations
Invesco Mortgage Capital Inc. (the “Company” or “we”) is a Maryland corporation primarily focused on investing in, financing and managing mortgage-backed securities ("MBS”) and other mortgage-related assets.
As of September 30, 2023, we were invested in:
residential mortgage-backed securities (“RMBS”) that are guaranteed by a U.S. government agency such as the Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae”), or a federally chartered corporation such as the Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”) or the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”) (collectively “Agency RMBS”);
commercial mortgage-backed securities (“CMBS”) that are not guaranteed by a U.S. government agency or a federally chartered corporation (“non-Agency CMBS”);
RMBS that are not guaranteed by a U.S. government agency or a federally chartered corporation (“non-Agency RMBS”); and
other real estate-related financing arrangements.
During the periods presented in these condensed consolidated financial statements, we also invested in:
a commercial mortgage loan; and
U.S. Treasury securities.
We conduct our business through IAS Operating Partnership L.P. (the “Operating Partnership”) and have one operating segment. We are externally managed and advised by Invesco Advisers, Inc. (our “Manager”), a registered investment adviser and an indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary of Invesco Ltd. (“Invesco”), a leading independent global investment management firm.
We elected to be taxed as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) for U.S. federal income tax purposes under the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986. To maintain our REIT qualification, we are generally required to distribute at least 90% of our REIT taxable income to our stockholders annually. We operate our business in a manner that permits our exclusion from the “Investment Company” definition under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”).
Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation and Consolidation
Certain disclosures included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K are not required to be included on an interim basis in our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q. We have condensed or omitted these disclosures. Therefore, this Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.
Our condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and consolidate the financial statements of the Company and its controlled subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions, balances, revenues and expenses are eliminated upon consolidation. In the opinion of management, the condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring accruals, which are necessary for a fair statement of our financial condition and results of operations for the periods presented.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in our condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Examples of estimates include, but are not limited to, estimates of the fair values of financial instruments, interest income on mortgage-backed securities and allowances for credit losses. Actual results may differ from those estimates.
Significant Accounting Policies
There have been no changes to our accounting policies included in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.
7

Note 3 – Variable Interest Entities ("VIEs")
Our maximum risk of loss in VIEs in which we are not the primary beneficiary as of September 30, 2023 is presented in the table below.
$ in thousandsCarrying
Amount
Company's Maximum Risk of Loss
Non-Agency CMBS25,987 25,987 
Non-Agency RMBS7,965 7,965 
Investments in unconsolidated ventures505 505 
Total34,457 34,457 
Refer to Note 4 - "Mortgage-Backed Securities" and Note 5 - "Other Assets" for additional details regarding these investments.
Note 4 – Mortgage-Backed Securities
The following tables summarize our MBS portfolio by asset type as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
As of September 30, 2023
$ in thousandsPrincipal/ Notional
Balance
Unamortized
Premium
(Discount)
Amortized
Cost
Allowance for Credit LossesUnrealized
Gain/
(Loss), net
Fair
Value
Period-
end
Weighted
Average
Yield (1)
30 year fixed-rate Agency RMBS5,719,581 (227,631)5,491,950  (159,981)5,331,969 5.15 %
Agency-CMO (2)
583,850 (507,065)76,785  1,222 78,007 9.67 %
Non-Agency CMBS 27,652 (585)27,067 (212)(868)25,987 8.72 %
Non-Agency RMBS (3)(4)(5)
283,991 (276,555)7,436  529 7,965 8.56 %
Total6,615,074 (1,011,836)5,603,238 (212)(159,098)5,443,928 5.23 %
(1)Period-end weighted average yield is based on amortized cost as of September 30, 2023 and incorporates future prepayment and loss assumptions when appropriate.
(2)All Agency collateralized mortgage obligations (“Agency-CMO”) are interest-only securities (“Agency IO”).
(3)Non-Agency RMBS is 66.2% fixed rate, 33.0% variable rate, and 0.8% floating rate based on fair value. Coupon payments on variable rate investments are based upon changes in the underlying hybrid adjustable-rate mortgage (“ARM”) loan coupons, while coupon payments on floating rate investments are based upon a spread to a reference index.
(4)Of the total discount in non-Agency RMBS, $2.1 million is non-accretable calculated using the principal/notional balance and based on estimated future cash flows of the securities.
(5)Non-Agency RMBS includes interest-only securities ("non-Agency IO") which represent 97.0% of principal/notional balance, 38.8% of amortized cost and 33.1% of fair value.
8


As of December 31, 2022
$ in thousandsPrincipal/Notional
Balance
Unamortized
Premium
(Discount)
Amortized
Cost
Unrealized
Gain/
(Loss), net
Fair
Value
Period-
end
Weighted
Average
Yield (1)
30 year fixed-rate Agency RMBS4,722,768 (115,365)4,607,403 54,334 4,661,737 5.26 %
Agency-CMO (2)
619,069 (536,376)82,693 2,263 84,956 9.09 %
Non-Agency CMBS38,652 (1,472)37,180 (393)36,787 8.35 %
Non-Agency RMBS (3)(4)(5)
307,016 (299,012)8,004 409 8,413 8.33 %
Total5,687,505 (952,225)4,735,280 56,613 4,791,893 5.35 %
(1)Period-end weighted average yield is based on amortized cost as of December 31, 2022 and incorporates future prepayment and loss assumptions when appropriate.
(2)All Agency-CMO are Agency IO.
(3)Non-Agency RMBS is 68.6% fixed rate, 30.6% variable rate and 0.8% floating rate based on fair value. Coupon payments on variable rate investments are based upon changes in the underlying hybrid ARM loan coupons, while coupon payments on floating rate investments are based upon a spread to a reference index.
(4)Of the total discount in non-Agency RMBS, $2.1 million is non-accretable calculated using the principal/notional balance and based on estimated future cash flows of the securities.
(5)Non-Agency RMBS includes non-Agency IO which represent 97.1% of principal/notional balance, 41.6% of amortized cost and 35.3% of fair value.
The following table presents the fair value of our available-for-sale securities and securities accounted for under the fair value option by asset type as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. We have elected the fair value option for all of our RMBS interest-only securities and our MBS purchased on or after September 1, 2016. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, approximately 99% of our MBS was accounted for under the fair value option.
As of
September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
$ in thousandsAvailable-for-sale SecuritiesSecurities under Fair Value OptionTotal
Fair Value
Available-for-sale SecuritiesSecurities under Fair Value OptionTotal
Fair Value
30 year fixed-rate Agency RMBS 5,331,969 5,331,969  4,661,737 4,661,737 
Agency-CMO 78,007 78,007  84,956 84,956 
Non-Agency CMBS25,987  25,987 36,787  36,787 
Non-Agency RMBS5,515 2,450 7,965 5,667 2,746 8,413 
Total31,502 5,412,426 5,443,928 42,454 4,749,439 4,791,893 
The components of the carrying value of our MBS portfolio as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 are presented below. Accrued interest receivable on our MBS portfolio, which is recorded within investment related receivable on our condensed consolidated balance sheets, was $24.2 million as of September 30, 2023 (December 31, 2022: $21.3 million).
As of
September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
$ in thousandsMBSInterest-Only SecuritiesTotalMBSInterest-Only SecuritiesTotal
Principal/notional balance5,755,806 859,268 6,615,074 4,770,175 917,330 5,687,505 
Unamortized premium294  294 5,195  5,195 
Unamortized discount(232,530)(779,600)(1,012,130)(126,112)(831,308)(957,420)
Allowance for credit losses(212) (212)   
Gross unrealized gains (1)
804 3,817 4,621 62,245 4,605 66,850 
Gross unrealized losses (1)
(160,876)(2,843)(163,719)(7,535)(2,702)(10,237)
Fair value5,363,286 80,642 5,443,928 4,703,968 87,925 4,791,893 
(1)Gross unrealized gains and losses includes gains (losses) recognized in net income for securities accounted for under the fair value option as well as gains (losses) for available-for-sale securities which are recognized as adjustments to other comprehensive income. Realization occurs upon sale or settlement of such securities. Further detail on the components of our total gains (losses) on investments, net for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 is provided below in this Note 4.
9

The following table summarizes our MBS portfolio according to estimated weighted average life classifications as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
As of
$ in thousandsSeptember 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Less than one year16,126 26,593 
Greater than one year and less than five years9,862 10,194 
Greater than or equal to five years5,417,940 4,755,106 
Total5,443,928 4,791,893 

The following tables present the estimated fair value and gross unrealized losses of our MBS by length of time that such securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
As of September 30, 2023
  Less than 12 Months12 Months or MoreTotal
$ in thousandsFair
Value
Unrealized
Losses
Number
of
Securities
Fair
Value
Unrealized
Losses
Number
of
Securities
Fair
Value
Unrealized
Losses
Number
of
Securities
30 year fixed-rate Agency RMBS (1)
5,331,969 (159,981)58    5,331,969 (159,981)58 
Agency-CMO (1)
26,827 (771)5 8,603 (1,633)3 35,430 (2,404)8 
Non-Agency CMBS (2)
25,987 (868)2    25,987 (868)2 
Non-Agency RMBS (3)
   1,505 (466)9 1,505 (466)9 
Total 5,384,783 (161,620)65 10,108 (2,099)12 5,394,891 (163,719)77 
(1)Fair value option has been elected for all Agency securities in an unrealized loss position.
(2)Unrealized losses on non-Agency CMBS are included in accumulated other comprehensive income. These losses are not reflected in an allowance for credit losses based on a comparison of discounted expected cash flows to current amortized cost basis.
(3)Includes non-Agency IO with a fair value of $1.2 million for which the fair value option has been elected. Such securities have unrealized losses of $439,000.
As of December 31, 2022
  Less than 12 Months12 Months or MoreTotal
$ in thousandsFair
Value
Unrealized
Losses
Number
of
Securities
Fair
Value
Unrealized
Losses
Number
of
Securities
Fair
Value
Unrealized
Losses
Number
of
Securities
30 year fixed-rate Agency RMBS (1)
929,292 (7,060)7    929,292 (7,060)7 
Agency-CMO (1)
25,417 (1,645)6 2,934 (496)1 28,351 (2,141)7 
Non-Agency CMBS (2)
26,592 (439)2   26,592 (439)2
Non-Agency RMBS (3)
349 (36)2 1,411 (561)9 1,760 (597)11 
Total981,650 (9,180)17 4,345 (1,057)10 985,995 (10,237)27 
(1)Fair value option has been elected for all Agency securities in an unrealized loss position.
(2)Unrealized losses on non-Agency CMBS are included in accumulated other comprehensive income. These losses are not reflected in an allowance for credit losses based on a comparison of discounted expected cash flows to current amortized cost basis.
(3)Includes non-Agency IO with a fair value of $1.4 million for which the fair value option has been elected. Such securities have unrealized losses of $561,000.

10

We recorded a $43,000 and $212,000 provision for credit losses on a single non-Agency CMBS during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively. We did not record any provisions for credit losses during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022. The following table presents a roll-forward of our allowance for credit losses.
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
$ in thousands20232023
Beginning allowance for credit losses(169) 
Additions to the allowance for credit losses on securities for which credit losses were not previously recorded— (212)
Additional increases to the allowance for credit losses on securities that had an allowance recorded in a previous period(43)— 
Ending allowance for credit losses(212)(212)
The following table summarizes the components of our total gain (loss) on investments, net for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
$ in thousands2023202220232022
Gross realized gains on sale of MBS  5,363 5,348 
Gross realized losses on sale of MBS(33,157)(120,418)(62,769)(979,792)
Net unrealized gains (losses) on MBS accounted for under the fair value option(191,752)(140,590)(215,226)(81,593)
Net unrealized gains (losses) on commercial loan 171  134 
Net realized gains (losses) on U.S. Treasury securities12  12 (34,198)
Total gain (loss) on investments, net(224,897)(260,837)(272,620)(1,090,101)
The following tables present components of interest income recognized on our mortgage-backed and other securities portfolio for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.
For the three months ended September 30, 2023
$ in thousandsCoupon
Interest
Net (Premium
Amortization)/Discount
Accretion
Interest
Income
Agency RMBS70,754 2,465 73,219 
Non-Agency CMBS437 301 738 
Non-Agency RMBS285 (126)159 
U.S. Treasury securities 292 292 
Other724  724 
Total72,200 2,932 75,132 
For the three months ended September 30, 2022
$ in thousandsCoupon
Interest
Net (Premium
Amortization)/Discount
Accretion
Interest
Income
Agency RMBS48,075 (355)47,720 
Non-Agency CMBS485 328 813 
Non-Agency RMBS288 (139)149 
Other376