MakeMyTrip Ltd [MMYT] Filings

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 20-F

(Mark One)

or

For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2021

or

For the transition period from             to             

or

Date of event requiring this shell company report

Commission file number 001-34837

MakeMyTrip Limited

(Exact Name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

19^th Floor, Building No. 5

DLF Cyber City

Gurugram, India, 122002

(Address of Principal Executive Offices)

Mohit Kabra

Group Chief Financial Officer

19^th Floor, Building No. 5

DLF Cyber City

Gurugram, India, 122002

(91-124) 439-5000

groupcfo@go-mmt.com

(Name, Telephone, E-mail and/or facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person)

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act.

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act.

None

(Title of Class)

Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act.

None

(Title of Class)

Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the Annual Report.

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

Yes  ☒            No  ☐

If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

Yes  ☐            No  ☒

Note — Checking the box above will not relieve any registrant required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 from their obligations under those Sections.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes  ☒            No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

Yes  ☒            No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or an emerging growth company. See definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.

Yes  ☒            No  ☐

If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards† provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ☐

† The term “new or revised financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting Standards Codification after April 5, 2012.

Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:

If “Other” has been checked in the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow.

Item 17  ☐            Item 18  ☐

If this is an Annual Report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934).

Yes  ☐            No  ☒

(APPLICABLE ONLY TO ISSUERS INVOLVED IN BANKRUPTCY PROCEEDINGS DURING THE PAST FIVE YEARS)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed all documents and reports required to be filed by Sections 12, 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 subsequent to the distribution of securities under a plan confirmed by a court:

Yes  ☐            No  ☐

  TABLE OF CONTENTS

CONVENTIONS USED IN THIS ANNUAL REPORT

In this Annual Report, we refer to information regarding the travel service industry and our competitors from market research reports, analyst reports and other publicly available sources, including the Directorate General of Civil Aviation, the Indian governmental regulatory body for civil aviation, or the DGCA, App Annie and World Economic Forum.

We conduct our business principally through our Indian subsidiaries, MakeMyTrip (India) Private Limited, or MMT India, and Ibibo Group Private Limited, or Ibibo India, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Ibibo Group Holdings (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. (together with its subsidiaries, including Ibibo India, the “ibibo Group”), which we acquired from MIH Internet SEA Pte. Ltd., or MIH Internet, on January 31, 2017. Our other key operating subsidiaries include ITC Bangkok Co., Ltd., Thailand, the main operating entity of the group of companies known as the ITC Group; Luxury Tours & Travel Pte Ltd, Singapore, or Luxury Tours; Luxury Tours (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd., or Luxury Tours (Malaysia); MakeMyTrip Inc., or MMT USA; Bitla Software Private Limited, or Bitla; and Quest2Travel.com India Private Limited, or Quest2Travel. In this Annual Report, unless otherwise stated or unless the context otherwise requires, references to “we,” “us,” “our,” “our company” or “our group” are to MakeMyTrip Limited and its subsidiaries collectively, and references to “our holding company” are to MakeMyTrip Limited on a standalone basis.

References to the number of “transactions” for air ticketing, bus, train and hotels and packages in this Annual Report refers to transactions net of cancelations.  

In this Annual Report, references to “US,” the “United States” or “USA” are to the United States of America, its territories and its possessions, references to “India” are to the Republic of India, references to “Colombia” are to the Republic of Colombia, references to “Indonesia” are to the Republic of Indonesia, references to “Mauritius” are to the Republic of Mauritius, references to “Peru” are to the Republic of Peru, references to “Singapore” are to the Republic of Singapore, references to “Malaysia” are to the Federation of Malaysia and references to “Thailand” are to the Kingdom of Thailand. References to “$,” “dollars” or “US dollars” are to the legal currency of the United States and references to “Rs.,” “Rupees” or “Indian Rupees” are to the legal currency of India.

Solely for the convenience of the reader, this Annual Report contains translations of certain Indian Rupee amounts into US dollars at specified rates. Except as otherwise stated in this Annual Report, all translations from Indian Rupees to US dollars are based on the noon buying rate of Rs. 73.14 per $1.00 in the City of New York for cable transfers of Indian Rupees, as certified for customs purposes by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York on March 31, 2021. No representation is made that the Indian Rupee amounts referred to in this Annual Report could have been or could be converted into US dollars at such rates or any other rates. Any discrepancies in any table between totals and sums of the amounts listed are due to rounding.

Unless otherwise indicated, the consolidated statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income and related notes for fiscal years 2019, 2020 and 2021 and consolidated statement of financial position as of March 31, 2020 and 2021 included elsewhere in this Annual Report have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards, or IFRS, as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board, or IASB. References to a particular “fiscal year” are to our fiscal year ended March 31 of that year. Our fiscal quarters end on June 30, September 30, December 31 and March 31. References to a year other than a “fiscal” year are to the calendar year ended December 31. Our financial and operating results for fiscal year 2017 include the financial and operating results of the ibibo Group for the two months ended March 31, 2017 following the completion of our acquisition of the ibibo Group on January 31, 2017 and for the full year in fiscal years 2018, 2019, 2020 and 2021.

2

CERTAIN KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS AND NON-IFRS MEASURES

We refer to certain non-IFRS measures in various places within this Annual Report, including “Adjusted Operating Profit (Loss),” “Adjusted Net Profit (Loss),” and “Adjusted Diluted Earnings (Loss) per Share”. We also refer to certain key performance indicators within this Annual Report including “Adjusted Margin” and “Adjusted Margin %”.

For a description of the components and calculation of “Adjusted Operating Profit (Loss),” Adjusted Net Profit (Loss),” and “Adjusted Diluted Earnings (Loss) per Share” and a reconciliation of these non-IFRS measures to the most directly comparable IFRS measures, see “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — Certain Key Performance Indicators and Non-IFRS Measures” elsewhere in this Annual Report. We believe that our current calculations of Adjusted Operating Profit (Loss), Adjusted Net Profit (Loss) and Adjusted Diluted Earnings (Loss) per Share represent a balanced approach to adjusting for the impact of certain discrete, unusual or non-cash items and other items such as customer inducement costs in the nature of customer incentives, customer acquisition costs and loyalty program costs which are useful in measuring our operating results and provide useful information to investors and analysts.

We evaluate our financial performance in each of our reportable segments based on our key performance indicator, Adjusted Margin, a segment profitability measure, which represents IFRS revenue after adding back customer inducement costs in the nature of customer incentives, customer acquisition costs and loyalty program costs which are reported as a reduction of revenue, and deducting the cost of acquisition of services primarily relating to sales to customers where the company acts as the principal. In fiscal years 2019 and in part of fiscal year 2020, we referred to Adjusted Margin as “Adjusted Revenue”. We believe Adjusted Margin is a more accurate representation reflecting the margins in the business. In fiscal year 2018 and earlier years, this segment profitability measure was referred to as Revenue less Service Cost and calculated as revenue as per IFRS to which certain customer inducement costs recorded as a reduction of revenue are added back, and cost for the acquisition of relevant services and products for sale to customers are deducted. Similarly, in fiscal year 2019, we changed our key performance indicator “Net Revenue Margin” to “Adjusted Revenue Margin”, and at the end of fiscal year 2020, we changed the name of this non-IFRS measure from “Adjusted Revenue Margin” to “Adjusted Margin %”. Net Revenue Margin was calculated as Revenue less Service Cost as a percentage of gross bookings and Adjusted Margin % (previously referred to as Adjusted Revenue Margin) is calculated as Adjusted Margin (previously referred to as Adjusted Revenue) as a percentage of gross bookings. The impact of these changes from Revenue less Service Cost to Adjusted Margin and from Net Revenue Margin to Adjusted Margin % on the comparative numbers for the previous years is not material and accordingly, the Adjusted Margin and Adjusted Margin % information for the years ended March 31, 2017 and 2018 in this Annual Report is our previously reported Revenue less Service Cost and Net Revenue Margin information for such years and have not been adjusted. The presentation of these segment profitability measures and key performance indicators is not meant to be considered in isolation or as a substitute for our consolidated financial results prepared in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB. Our Adjusted Margin and Adjusted Margin % may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies due to potential differences in the method of calculation.

Our Consolidated Statement of Profit or Loss and Other Comprehensive Income reports customer inducement costs as a reduction of revenue in the respective revenue lines. Our revenues are recognized on a “net” basis when we are acting as an agent and on a “gross” basis when we are acting as a principal. See “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — Our Revenue, Service Cost and Other Revenue and Expenses — Revenue.” Income from packages, including income on airline tickets sold to customers as a part of tours and packages is accounted for on a gross basis as the Company controls the services before they are transferred to travelers. Revenue from the packages business which is accounted for on a “gross” basis represents the total amount paid by customers for these travel services and products, while our cost of procuring the relevant services and products for sale to our customers in this business is classified as service cost. We believe that Adjusted Margin reflects the value addition of the travel services that we provide to customers in our packages business where we are the principal and is similar to the revenue on a “net” basis for our air ticketing, hotels, and bus ticketing business where we act as an agent.

We believe that our current calculations of Adjusted Operating Profit (Loss), Adjusted Net Profit (Loss), Adjusted Margin % and Adjusted Diluted Earnings (Loss) per Share represent a balanced approach to adjusting for the impact of certain discrete, unusual or non-cash items and other items such as customer inducement costs in the nature of customer incentives, customer acquisition costs and loyalty program costs which are useful in measuring our operating results and provide useful information to investors and analysts. We believe that investors and analysts in our industry use these non-IFRS measures and key performance indicators to compare our company and our performance to that of our global peers.

3

The IFRS measures most directly comparable to “Adjusted Operating Profit (Loss),” “Adjusted Net Profit (Loss)” and “Adjusted Diluted Earnings (Loss) per Share” are results from operating activities, profit (loss) for the year and diluted earnings (loss) per share, respectively. Each item is more fully explained in “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects.” We believe that adjustments to these IFRS measures are representative of operating results of the Company and provide useful information to investors and analysts. A limitation of using Adjusted Operating Profit (Loss), Adjusted Net Profit (Loss) and Adjusted Diluted Earnings (Loss) per Share instead of results from operating profit (loss), net profit (loss) and diluted earnings (loss) per share calculated in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB is that these non-IFRS measures exclude a recurring cost, for example, share-based compensation. Management compensates for this limitation by providing specific information on the IFRS amounts excluded from Adjusted Operating Profit (Loss), Adjusted Net Profit (Loss) and Adjusted Diluted Earnings (Loss) per Share. The presentation of these non-IFRS measures is not meant to be considered in isolation or as a substitute for our consolidated financial results prepared in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB. For further information and a reconciliation of these non-IFRS measures to the most directly comparable IFRS measures, see “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — Certain Key Performance Indicators and Non-IFRS Measures” elsewhere in this Annual Report.

4

SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Annual Report contains forward-looking statements that relate to our current expectations and views of future events. These forward-looking statements are contained principally in the sections entitled “Item 3. Key Information,” “Item 4. Information on the Company” and “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects.” These statements relate to events that involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, including those listed under “Item 3. Key Information — D. Risk Factors,” which may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements.

In some cases, these forward-looking statements can be identified by words or phrases such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “aim,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,” “believe,” “potential,” “continue,” “is/are likely to” or other similar expressions.

These forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions, some of which are beyond our control. In addition, these forward-looking statements reflect our current views with respect to future events and are not a guarantee of future performance. Actual outcomes may differ materially from the information contained in the forward-looking statements as a result of a number of factors, including, without limitation, the risk factors set forth in “Item 3. Key Information — D. Risk Factors,” and the following:

The forward-looking statements made in this Annual Report relate only to events or information as of the date on which the statements are made in this Annual Report. Our actual results, performance, or achievement may differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, these forward-looking statements. Accordingly, we can give no assurances that any of the events anticipated by these forward-looking statements will transpire or occur or, if any of the foregoing factors or other risks and uncertainties described elsewhere in this Annual Report were to occur, what impact they would have on these forward-looking statements, including our results of operations or financial condition. In view of these uncertainties, you are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements.

Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, after the date on which the statements are made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.

5

PART I

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

A. Selected Consolidated Financial Data

The following selected consolidated statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income data for fiscal years 2019, 2020 and 2021 and the selected consolidated statement of financial position data as of March 31, 2020 and 2021 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report.

6

The selected consolidated statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income data for fiscal years 2017 and 2018 and the selected consolidated statement of financial position data as of March 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements not included in this Annual Report. Our financial and operating results for fiscal year 2017 include the financial and operating results of the ibibo Group for the two months ended March 31, 2017 following the completion of our acquisition of the ibibo Group on January 31, 2017, and for the full year in fiscal years 2018, 2019, 2020 and 2021. The financial data set forth below should be read in conjunction with, and is qualified by reference to, “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects” and the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included elsewhere in this Annual Report. Our consolidated financial statements are prepared and presented in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB. Our historical results do not necessarily indicate results expected for any future period.

7

The following table sets forth a summary of our consolidated statement of financial position as of March 31, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 and 2021:

Other Data:

The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, certain selected consolidated financial and other data:

Notes:

8

As certain parts of our revenue are recognized on a “net” basis and other parts of our revenue are recognized on a “gross” basis, we evaluate our financial performance in each of our reportable segments based on Adjusted Margin, which is a segment profitability measure, as we believe that Adjusted Margin reflects the value addition of the travel services that we provide to our customers. The presentation of this segment profitability information is not meant to be considered in isolation or as a substitute for our consolidated financial results prepared in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB. Our Adjusted Margin may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies due to potential differences in the method of calculation.

The following table reconciles our revenue (an IFRS measure) to Adjusted Margin (a segment profitability measure):

9

“a” Effective April 1, 2018, we adopted the new revenue recognition standard IFRS 15, where customer inducement costs have been recorded as a reduction of revenue. We have adopted the new standard by using the cumulative effect method and accordingly the comparative information has not been restated.

“b” Loyalty program costs amounting to $2.5 million, $5.1 million and $0.09 million have been excluded from service cost for the fiscal years 2019, 2020 and 2021, respectively, relating to “Others”.

B. Capitalization and Indebtedness

Not applicable.

C. Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds

Not applicable.

10

D. Risk Factors

This Annual Report contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of a number of factors, including those described in the following risk factors and elsewhere in this Annual Report. If any of the following risks actually occur, our business, financial condition and results of operations could suffer.

Risks Related to Us and Our Industry

The COVID-19 pandemic has had, and is expected to have, a material adverse effect on the travel industry and our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

An outbreak of a novel strain of coronavirus, or SARS-CoV-2, which causes the COVID-19 disease, was identified in December 2019 and was subsequently recognized as a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. The COVID-19 pandemic has severely restricted the level of economic activity around the world, and the travel and tourism sector is one of the sectors that have been impacted most severely. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the government in India and governments in many countries and regions have implemented containment measures, such as imposing lockdowns and restrictions on travel and business operations and advising or requiring individuals to drastically limit the time spent outside of their homes. The ability to travel has been curtailed by city, state and national border closures, mandated travel restrictions and limited operations of airlines and hotels. Many of our customers and suppliers, including hotels and airlines, drastically curtailed their service offerings or ceased operations entirely. These measures are being continuously re-evaluated by the relevant authorities, and whether these measures are eased, continued or increased is outside of our control or ability to predict.

The measures implemented to contain and mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic have had, and are currently expected to continue to have, a significant negative effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. Further, we cannot predict the impact that the pandemic and its mitigation measures will continue to have in India or elsewhere, may have on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. In the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2020, we experienced, and expect to continue to experience, a significant decline in travel demand resulting in significant customer cancellations and refund requests and reduced new orders relating to international and domestic travel and lodging. We observed a significant decrease in supply of domestic transportation tickets and international air tickets in response to comprehensive containment measures in India and international regions. In the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2020, as a result of the significant negative impact related to the COVID-19 pandemic on the travel industry, our stock price and market capitalization, we performed a quantitative assessment of goodwill and, following that assessment, we recorded an impairment charge of our goodwill amounting to $272.2 million primarily related to our Goibibo business, which we had acquired in fiscal year 2017.

As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak, the Group’s businesses, results of operation, financial positions and cash flows were materially and adversely affected at the end of fourth quarter of fiscal year 2020 and for the full fiscal year 2021 with continuing impact in the subsequent periods. Domestic and international travel restrictions imposed in India materially disrupted our revenue lines after the fiscal year end 2020. Such restrictions have continued for the greater part of the first quarter of fiscal year 2021 with only some domestic travel and government approved international travel operations commencing in June 2020. From April 2020, we implemented various cost saving measures in response to current market conditions. These include compensation cuts of up to 100% of salary for our Group Executive Chairman and Group CEO, approximately 50% salary reductions for the rest of the senior management team and smaller reductions for the rest of our managerial positions for a large part of the first half of fiscal year 2021. We significantly reduced our outsourced teams at our call centers and our offline team managing corporate events, optimized our IT infrastructure costs, our office costs and various other general and administrative expenses. In addition to reductions in fixed costs, we reduced our variable costs such as marketing and sales promotions and payment gateway costs. We had also cancelled all discretionary expenses such as events, trainings and brand building. In light of our shift away from offline sales channels as well as continuing effort to optimize fixed costs, we closed our company-owned travel stores and airport counters in India in fiscal year 2021.

With the commencement of a phased rollout of vaccines in India from January 16, 2021, we witnessed significant recovery in domestic travel demand, with significant sequential quarter on quarter improvements across all our lines of business. However, towards the end of the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2021, India witnessed a rapid resurgence of daily recorded case counts, resulting in a second wave of COVID-19 cases, with several state governments imposing lockdowns and travel restrictions, which has resulted in the significant decline in our revenue. Such restrictions remain unpredictable as to their timing and may evolve in response to the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic in India. We currently expect the impact of the second wave of COVID-19 pandemic

11

on our financial results to have a material impact on our revenue for the first quarter of fiscal year 2022. The extent of the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business, results of operations, cash flows and growth prospects remain uncertain and would be dependent on future developments. These include, but are not limited to, the severity, extent and duration of the pandemic, its impact on the travel industries and consumer spending, rates of vaccination and the effectiveness of vaccinations against various mutations or variants of the COVID-19 pandemic. While many countries have begun the process of vaccinating their residents against COVID-19 pandemic, the large scale and challenging logistics of distributing the vaccines, efficacy of the vaccines against new mutations or variants of the virus and other factors may contribute to delays in economic recovery.

Our business and the travel industry in general is particularly sensitive to reductions in personal and business-related discretionary travel and spending levels. The COVID-19 pandemic could continue to impede global economic activity, even as restrictions are lifted, leading to decreased per capita income and disposable income, increased and prolonged unemployment or a decline in consumer confidence, change in consumer behavior and preferences, all of which could significantly reduce discretionary travel and spending by individuals and businesses. In turn, that could have a negative impact on demand for our services and could lead us, our suppliers or our competitors to reduce prices or offer incentives to attract travelers, despite already operating in a highly competitive industry. Such circumstances or developments could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. We cannot reasonably estimate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our future revenues, results of operations, cash flows, liquidity or financial condition, but such impact has been and will likely continue to be significant for the foreseeable future.

Declines or Disruptions in the Travel Industry Could Adversely Affect Our Business and Financial Performance.

Our business and financial performance is affected by the health of the travel industry in India and worldwide, including changes in supply and pricing. Events specific to the travel industry that could negatively affect our business include changes in the commercial aviation landscape, fare increases, travel-related strikes, aviation accidents or labor unrest, general civil unrest, fuel price volatility and bankruptcies or liquidations of our suppliers. For example, the COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant negative impact on the travel industry in India, including our business, and around the world. For March 2020, the global travel industry was severely disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic, which resulted in significant travel cancellations and a steep reduction of domestic and international travel. In India, virtually all travel was halted due to the nationwide stay at home orders put in place by the Indian government to slow down the spread of the virus.  Although we observed a gradual increase in travel activity and supplier capacity from late May 2020, a second wave of COVID-19 cases has resulted in a significant decline in travel sentiment since March 2021. We expect to observe continued volatility in relation to travel sentiment at least until a significant proportion of the population in India has been vaccinated. Even if domestic and international air passenger traffic begins to return to pre-pandemic levels, public health and safety regulations or restrictions imposed in India or elsewhere and other factors may delay or impede recovery in the travel industry. For more information, see “– The COVID-19 pandemic has had, and is expected to have, a material adverse effect on the travel industry and our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.”

Political and social unrest, including in India, the Middle East, Southeast Asia, Europe and the Maldives has also adversely impacted travel to and within India at times in the past. Such events, particularly in the Middle East, also impact crude oil prices, which may have an adverse impact on the travel industry globally, including our business. Sudden disruptions in travel have also followed terrorist attacks carried out internationally, such as in the United States, Sri Lanka, Paris, Brussels and the United Kingdom, as well as domestically in India. Adverse weather conditions or other natural disasters, such as May 2021 cyclones in western and eastern regions of India, the April 2019 cyclone in Odisha (India), the April 2015 Nepal earthquake, the September 2014 Kashmir (India) floods and pandemic situations. In addition, the drop in the average value of the Indian Rupee as compared to the US dollar in the last few fiscal years has adversely impacted the Indian travel industry as it made travel for Indian consumers outside of India more expensive.

The majority of the domestic Indian air travel industry is concentrated among a small base of domestic airlines. Therefore, adverse market developments, particularly among the most dominant domestic airlines, are more likely to impact our business. For example, in April 2019, Jet Airways (India) Limited, one of the leading airlines in India, suspended all of its flight operations, which reduced the supply of air travel tickets available on our platform.

Additionally, our business is sensitive to safety concerns, and thus our business has in the past declined and may in the future decline after incidents of actual or threatened terrorism, during periods of political instability or conflict or during other periods in which travelers become concerned about safety issues, including as a result of

12

natural disasters such as tsunamis or earthquakes or when travel might involve health-related risks, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, Ebola virus disease, Middle East respiratory syndrome, the influenza A virus (H1N1), avian flu (H5N1 and H7N9), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, the Zika virus or other epidemics or pandemics. In addition, there may be work stoppages or labor unrest at airlines or airports. Acts of terrorism and adverse weather conditions or other natural disasters such as those mentioned above may also in the future have a negative impact on our tourism business. Hotels, airlines, airports and cruises have in recent years been the subject of terrorist attacks in India, Spain, Egypt, Russia, Turkey, Sri Lanka, France, Belgium and the United Kingdom. Such events are outside our control and could result in a significant decrease in demand for our travel services. Any such decrease in demand, depending on its scope and duration, together with any other issues affecting travel safety, could significantly and adversely affect our business and financial performance over the short and long term. The occurrence of such events could result in disruptions to our customers’ travel plans and we may incur additional costs and constrained liquidity if we provide relief to affected customers by not charging cancellation fees or by refunding the cost of airline tickets, hotel reservations and other travel services and products. If there is a prolonged substantial decrease in travel volumes, for these or any other reasons, our business, financial condition and results of operations would be adversely affected.

Our Business and Results of Operations Could Be Adversely Affected by Global Economic Conditions.

Perceived or actual adverse economic conditions, including slow, slowing or negative economic growth, unemployment rates, inflation and weakening currencies, and concerns over government responses such as higher taxes and reduced government spending, could impair consumer spending and adversely affect travel demand. Consumer purchases of discretionary items generally decline during periods of recession and other periods in which disposable income is adversely affected. As a substantial portion of travel expenditure, for both business and leisure, is discretionary, the travel industry tends to experience weak or reduced demand during economic downturns.

Unfavorable changes in the above factors or in other business and economic conditions affecting our customers could result in fewer reservations made through our websites and/or lower our Adjusted Margin %, and have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

The global economy may be adversely impacted by unforeseen events beyond our control including incidents of actual or threatened terrorism, regional hostilities or instability, unusual weather patterns, natural disasters, political instability and health concerns (including epidemics or pandemics), defaults on government debt, tax increases and other matters that could reduce discretionary spending, tightening of credit markets and further declines in consumer confidence. For example, the COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant negative impact on the travel industry in India, including our business, and around the world. See also “– The COVID-19 pandemic has had, and is expected to have, a material adverse effect on the travel industry and our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.” In addition, the uncertainty of macro-economic factors and their impact on consumer behavior, which may differ across regions, makes it more difficult to forecast industry and consumer trends and the timing and degree of their impact on our markets and business, which in turn could adversely affect our ability to effectively manage our business and adversely affect our results of operations. The weakness and uncertainty in the global economy have negatively impacted both corporate and consumer spending patterns and demand for travel services, globally and in India, and may continue to do so in the future.

As an intermediary in the travel industry, a significant portion of our revenue is affected by fares and tariffs charged by our suppliers as well as volumes of sales made by us. During periods of poor economic conditions, airlines and hotels tend to reduce rates or offer discounted sales or run promotions to stimulate demand, thereby reducing our commission-based income. A slowdown in economic conditions may also result in a decrease in transaction volumes and adversely affect our revenue. It is difficult to predict the effects of the uncertainty in global economic conditions. If economic conditions worsen globally or in India, our growth plans, business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely impacted.

If We Are Unable to Maintain Existing, and Establish New, Arrangements with Travel Suppliers, Our Business May Be Adversely Affected.

Our business is dependent on our ability to maintain our relationships and arrangements with existing suppliers, such as airlines which supply air tickets to us directly, Amadeus IT Group SA, Travelport Worldwide Ltd and Trip.com (our majority shareholder), our global distribution system, or GDS, service providers, Indian Railways, hotels, hotel suppliers and destination management companies, bus operators and car hire companies, as well as our ability to establish and maintain relationships with new travel suppliers. In addition, we rely on a limited number of travel suppliers and aggregators to provide the majority of our accommodation and other travel products in markets outside India. A substantial portion of our Revenue and Adjusted Margin is derived from fees and commissions negotiated with travel suppliers for bookings made through our websites, mobile platforms or

13

via our other distribution channels. Adverse changes in existing arrangements, including an inability by any travel supplier to fulfill their payment obligation to us in a timely manner, increasing industry consolidation or our inability to enter into or renew arrangements with such parties on favorable terms, could reduce the amount, quality, pricing and breadth of the travel services and products that we are able to offer, which could adversely affect our business and financial performance. For example, we have experienced short-term disruptions in the supply of tickets from domestic airlines in the past.

In addition, adverse economic developments affecting the travel industry could also adversely impact our ability to maintain our existing relationships and arrangements with one or more of our suppliers. In particular, adverse changes to the overall business and financial climate for the airline industry in India due to various factors including, but not limited to, rising fuel costs, high taxes, significant depreciation of the Indian Rupee as compared to the US dollar making travel for Indian consumers outside India more expensive, and increased liquidity constraints, could affect the ability of one or more of our airline suppliers to continue to operate or otherwise meet our demand for tickets, which, in turn, could materially and adversely affect our financial results.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant negative impact on the travel industry in India, including our business, and around the world. For more information, see “Risk Factors – Risks Relating to Us and Our Industry – The COVID-19 pandemic has had, and is expected to have, a material adverse effect on the travel industry and our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.” The COVID-19 or any similar pandemic may also result in interruptions to the operation of our suppliers, which could in turn adversely affect our ability to provide certain services to our customers.

Over the last few years, the domestic airlines in India have reduced the base commissions paid to travel agencies, which has had an adverse impact on our business. In addition, rising competition in the Indian travel market prompted us to significantly increase our spending on marketing and sales expenses to promote transactions on our mobile platforms in India and to promote our non-air ticketing business. Any consolidation in the airline industry involving our suppliers may also adversely affect our existing relationships and arrangements with such suppliers.

No assurance can be given that our agreements or arrangements with our travel suppliers or GDS service providers will continue. In addition, our travel suppliers or GDS service providers may further reduce or eliminate fees or commissions or attempt to charge us for content, terminate our contracts, make their products or services unavailable to us as part of exclusive arrangements with our competitors or default on or dispute their payment or other obligations towards us, any of which could reduce our revenue and Adjusted Margin % or may require us to initiate legal or arbitral proceedings to enforce their contractual payment obligations, which may adversely affect our business and financial performance. See also “— Some of Our Airline Suppliers (Including Our GDS Service Providers) May Reduce or Eliminate the Commission and Other Fees They Pay to Us for the Sale of Air Tickets and This Could Adversely Affect Our Business and Results of Operations.”

We Do Not Have Formal Agreements with Many of Our Travel Suppliers.

We rely on various travel suppliers to facilitate the sale of our travel services. We do not have formal agreements with many of our travel suppliers whose booking systems or central reservations systems are relied upon by us for bookings and confirmation as well as certain payment gateway arrangements, and there can be no assurance that these third parties will not terminate these arrangements with us at short notice or without notice. Further, where we have entered into formal agreements, many of these agreements are short-term contracts, requiring periodic renewal and providing our counterparties with a right to terminate at short notice or without notice. Some of these agreements are scheduled to expire in the near future and we are in the process of renewing those agreements. Many of our suppliers with whom we have formal agreements, including airlines, are also able to alter the terms of their contracts with us at will or at short notice. Our agreement with Indian Railways Catering and Tourism Corporation Limited, or IRCTC, which allows us to transact with Indian Railways’ passenger reservation system through the Internet, can be terminated or temporarily suspended by IRCTC without prior notice and at its sole discretion. Termination, non-renewal or suspension or an adverse amendment of any of the abovementioned agreements and/or arrangements could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We Have Sustained Operating Losses in the Past and May Continue to Experience Operating Losses in the Future.

We sustained operating losses in fiscal years from 2013 to 2021 and in all our fiscal years prior to and including fiscal year 2010. While we generated operating profits in fiscal years 2011 and 2012, there can be no assurance that we will be able to return to profitability or that we can avoid operating losses in the future. We

14

expect to continue making investments in mobile technology, marketing and sales promotion (including brand building) and customer acquisition programs and expanding our hotels and packages offerings as part of our long-term strategy to increase the net revenue contribution of our hotels and packages business and to increase the share of outbound travel from India. The degree of increases in these expenses will be largely based on anticipated organizational growth and revenue trends, the competitive environment, pricing trends and trends in online penetration of the Indian travel market. As a result, any decrease or delay in generating additional sales volumes and revenue could result in substantial operating losses in recent years we made significant investments in our ongoing customer inducement and acquisition programs, such as cash incentives and select loyalty program incentive promotions, to accelerate growth in our standalone hotel booking business in response to increased competition in the domestic travel market in India. This was the primary factor that resulted in our operating loss of $(152.9) million and $(429.4) million (of which $(302.9) million was the result of an impairment of goodwill and provision for litigations), in fiscal years 2019 and 2020, respectively. Further in fiscal year 2021, we curtailed our marketing and sales promotions expenses in response to lower travel demand due to the COVID-19 pandemic and reported operating loss of $(67.7) million.

The Travel Industry in India and Worldwide is Highly Competitive, and We May Not Be Able to Effectively Compete in the Future.

The market for travel services and products is highly competitive. We compete with established and emerging providers of travel services and products, including other online travel agencies such as Yatra.com, Booking.com, Cleartrip.com, EaseMyTrip.com, Airbnb.co.in and Expedia.com, and offline traditional travel agencies, tour operators and travel suppliers. We also face potential competition from payment platforms, online marketplaces, search engines and intermediaries that also offer travel services. Many large, established internet search engines who offer travel services and meta-search companies who can aggregate travel search results also compete with us for customers. Consumers may favor travel services offered by meta-search platforms or search companies over online travel companies such as ours, which could reduce traffic to our online platforms and require us to further increase our expenditures on marketing and other customer acquisition. The Indian market is highly competitive, and current and new competitors may be able to launch new services at a lower cost. In the hotels and packages segment, we primarily compete with traditional travel players such as Thomas Cook, Travel Triangle and others in packages offerings, as well as online travel agencies in the case of standalone hotel bookings and new entrants.

Factors affecting our competitive success include, among other things, price, availability and breadth of choice of travel services and products, brand recognition, customer service, fees charged to travelers, ease of use, accessibility and reliability. Certain of our competitors have launched brand marketing campaigns to increase their visibility with customers. In addition, many large hotel chains and Over the Counter chains have launched initiatives, such as increased discounting and incentives, to encourage consumers to book accommodations through their websites. Discounting and couponing coupled with a high degree of consumer shopping behavior is particularly common in Asian markets we operate in, while brand loyalty in such markets is less important. In some cases, our competitors are willing to make little or no profit on a transaction, or offer travel services at a loss, in order to gain market share. Some of our competitors have significantly greater financial, marketing, personnel and other resources than us and certain of our competitors have a longer history of established businesses and reputations in the Indian travel market (particularly in the hotels and packages business) as compared with us. From time to time, we may be required to reduce service fees and commissions charged to suppliers in order to compete effectively and maintain or gain market share.

Over the years, there has been a proliferation of new channels through which accommodation providers can offer reservations as the market for travel services has evolved. For example, several leading online travel companies now allow alternative accommodation property owners, particularly individuals, to list alternative accommodations on their platforms, which has resulted in direct competition with our alternative accommodation services. Further, we may also face increased competition from new entrants in our industry, some of whom may offer discounted rates and other incentives from time to time. We cannot assure you that we will be able to successfully compete against existing or new competitors in our existing lines of business as well as new lines of business into which we may venture. If we are not able to compete effectively, our business and results of operations may be adversely affected.

Some travel suppliers are seeking to decrease their reliance on distribution intermediaries like us, by promoting direct distribution channels. Many airlines, hotels, car rental companies and tour operators have call centers and have established their own travel distribution websites and mobile applications. From time to time, travel suppliers offer advantages, such as bonus loyalty awards and lower transaction fees or discounted prices, when their services and products are purchased from supplier-related channels.

15

We also compete with competitors who may offer less content, functionality and marketing reach but at a relatively lower cost to suppliers. If our access to supplier-provided content or features were to be diminished either relative to our competitors or in absolute terms or if we are unable to compete effectively with travel supplier-related channels or other competitors, our business could be materially and adversely affected.

We Have Incurred and May Continue to Incur Significant Expenses to Grow Our Businesses, Including Marketing and Sales Promotion Expenses.

In order to drive our growth strategy in the hotels business, in the past we have incurred increased marketing and sales promotion expenses. Over the last few years, we have also made significant investments in customer acquisition through our customer inducement programs such as cash incentives and select loyalty program incentive promotions, to accelerate growth in our standalone hotel booking business in response to increased competition in the domestic travel market in India. We may continue to incur such expenses in future, including expenses associated with our strategy of converting our traditional offline customers into online customers. We have incurred and expect to continue to incur expenses associated with customer inducement and acquisition programs in our hotels and packages business to offer cash incentives and select loyalty program incentive promotions from time to time on our booking platforms. We may also increase our marketing and sales promotion expenses as a result of our expansion into new markets and such expenses may not be offset by increased revenue particularly at the initial commencement of business in these new markets. We may also be required to lower our fees and commissions charged to hotel suppliers to retain and increase our market share in response to competitors that are able to negotiate better rates and higher performance linked and other incentives from such suppliers, including new entrants with greater financial resources than us. We may also incur increasing marketing and sales promotion expenses as we grow our redBus business in India as well as overseas (which we acquired as part of our acquisition of the ibibo Group), and which competes with, among others, Abhibus, Paytm and other regional competitors. Such expenses and any loss of revenue from competitive pressures may adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

In the past, we identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting. We cannot assure you that additional material weaknesses will not be identified in the future. Our failure to implement and maintain effective internal control over financial reporting could result in material misstatements in our financial statements which could require us to restate financial statements in the future, cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information and have a negative effect on our stock price.

In connection with our management’s assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting for fiscal year 2020, our management identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting and had concluded that as of March 31, 2020, our disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting were not effective. In the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2020, as a result of the significant negative impact related to COVID-19 pandemic on the travel industry and our stock price and market capitalization, we performed a quantitative assessment of goodwill and, following that assessment, we recorded an impairment charge of our goodwill amounting to $272.2 million, primarily related to our Goibibo business, which we had acquired in fiscal year 2017. Forecast financial information produced to support Goibibo’s annual business planning process is a key data input into the impairment assessment. While the COVID-19 pandemic has made it challenging to forecast financial information in the travel industry, the controls associated with the business planning process were not effective to mitigate the risk of material misstatement. Specifically, controls over development and review of forecast financial information including related assumptions used in goodwill impairment testing did not operate as designed to address the related risks of material misstatement. Our management had determined that this deficiency constituted a material weakness in internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2020, based on our evaluation under the criteria in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (May 2013) issued by the COSO. Accordingly, management concluded that we did not maintain effective internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2020.

Despite our efforts to ensure the integrity of our financial reporting process and the steps that we are taking to remediate this material weakness, we cannot assure you that additional material weaknesses or significant deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting will not be identified in the future. Any failure to maintain or improve existing controls or implement new controls could result in material misstatements in our financial statements and adversely affect the results of annual management evaluations regarding the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. In addition, any such failure could result in additional material weaknesses or significant deficiencies and cause us to fail to meet our periodic reporting obligations which in turn could cause our shares to be de-listed or suspended from trading on the Nasdaq Global Market. Any of the

16

foregoing could cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information, leading to a decline in our share price.

We Rely on Third-Party Systems and Service Providers, and Any Disruption or Adverse Change in Their Businesses Could Have a Material Adverse Effect on Our Business.

We currently rely on a variety of third-party systems, service providers and software companies. These include the GDSs and, other electronic central reservation systems used by airlines, various offline and online channel managing systems and reservation systems used by hotels and accommodation suppliers and aggregators. We also rely on systems used by Indian Railways, systems used by bus and car operators and aggregators, technologies used by payment gateway providers, as well as systems used by the local transit authorities, amusement parks, tourist attractions. In particular, we rely on third parties to:

Any interruption or deterioration in performance of these third-party systems and services could have a material adverse effect on our business. Further, the information provided to us by certain of these third-party systems, such as the central reservations systems of certain of our hotel suppliers, may not always be accurate due to either technical glitches or human error, and we may incur monetary and/or reputational loss as a result.

Our success is also dependent on our ability to maintain our relationships with these third-party systems and service providers, including our technology partners. In the event our arrangements with any of these third parties are impaired or terminated, we may not be able to find an alternative source of systems support on a timely basis or on commercially reasonable terms, which could result in significant additional costs or disruptions to our business.

Our Strategic Investments and Acquisitions May Not Bring Us Anticipated Benefits, and We May Not Be Successful in Pursuing Future Investments and Acquisitions.

Part of our growth strategy is the pursuit of strategic investments and acquisitions, and we have made a number of investments and acquisitions in the past. For example, in January 2017, we acquired a 100% equity interest in the ibibo Group, which provides online travel services in India. In July 2018, we acquired 100% equity interest in Bitla, which provides technology support for bus operators. In April 2019, we acquired 51% equity interest from the existing shareholders of Quest2Travel, which provides travel solutions for various corporates across India. We believe that our investments and acquisitions serve to strengthen our presence in key geographic markets and expand the travel products and services that we offer our customers.

There can be no assurance that our investments and acquisitions will achieve their anticipated benefits. We may not be able to integrate acquired operations, personnel and technologies successfully or effectively manage our combined business following the acquisition. Our investments and acquisitions may subject us to uncertainties and risks, including potential ongoing and unforeseen or hidden liabilities, diversion of management resources and cost of integrating acquired businesses. We may also experience difficulties and additional expenses associated with supporting legacy products and hosting infrastructure of the acquired business and retaining suppliers and customers of the acquired business. For example, we acquired a group of companies known as the Hotel Travel Group in 2012, but significantly reduced their operations and recognized an impairment of goodwill and brands of $14.6 million in fiscal year 2017. In addition, in the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2020, we performed a quantitative assessment of goodwill and, following that assessment, we recorded an impairment charge of our goodwill amounting to $272.2 million primarily related to our Goibibo business, which we had acquired in fiscal year 2017, though this non-cash charge does not affect our long-term operating plans for the Goibibo brand. We plan to continue driving synergies across our portfolio of multiple brands on the path of disciplined and financially sustainable growth while making appropriate investments to drive online penetration in various travel segments to support the long-term growth of our company, including the Goibibo brand.

17

We may not succeed in implementing our strategy of growth through strategic investments and acquisitions in the future, as it is subject to many factors, which are beyond our control, including our ability to identify, attract and successfully execute suitable acquisition opportunities and partnerships. Any failure to achieve the anticipated benefits of our past investments and acquisitions or to consummate new investments and acquisitions in the future could negatively impact our ability to compete in the travel industry and have a material adverse effect on our business.

For details on our investments and acquisitions, see “Item 4. Information On the Company — History and Development of our Company — Investments and Acquisitions.”

Our Results of Operations Are Subject to Fluctuations in Currency Exchange Rates.

Our presentation currency is the US dollar. However, the functional currency of MMT India and Ibibo India, our key operating subsidiaries, is the Indian Rupee. We receive a substantial portion of our revenue in Indian Rupees and most of our costs are incurred in Indian Rupees. Any fluctuation in the value of the Indian Rupee against the US dollar, such as the approximately 4.3% depreciation in the average value of the Indian Rupee as compared to the US dollar in fiscal year 2021 as compared to the average value of the Indian Rupee against the US dollar in fiscal year 2020, will affect our results of operations. The drop in the average value of the Indian Rupee as compared to the US dollar in fiscal years 2020 and 2021 adversely impacted the Indian travel industry as it made outbound travel for Indian consumers more expensive. In addition, our exposure to foreign exchange risk also arises in respect of our non-Indian Rupee-denominated trade and other receivables, trade and other payables, and cash and cash equivalents.

Based on our operations in fiscal year 2021, a 10.0% appreciation of the US dollar against the Indian Rupee as of March 31, 2021, assuming all other variables remained constant, would have increased our loss for fiscal year 2021 by $19.1 million. Similarly, a 10.0% depreciation of the US dollar against the Indian Rupee as of March 31, 2021, assuming all other variables remained constant, would have decreased our loss for fiscal year 2021 by $19.1 million.

We currently do not have any hedging agreements or similar arrangements with any counter-party to cover our exposure to any fluctuations in foreign exchange rates. Fluctuation in the Indian Rupee-US dollar exchange rate could have a material adverse effect on our business financial condition and results of operations, which we report in US dollars.

We Outsource a Significant Portion of Our Call Center Services and If Our Outsourcing Service Providers Fail to Meet Our Requirements or Face Operational or System Disruptions, Our Business May Be Adversely Affected.

We outsource our call center service for sales for all international flights and for post-sales customer service support for all flights (domestic and international), hotel reservations and packages, and rail and bus ticketing, as well as back office fulfillment and ticketing services, to various third parties in India. If our outsourcing service providers experience difficulty meeting our requirements for quality and customer service standards, our reputation could suffer and our business and prospects could be adversely affected. Our operations and business could also be materially and adversely affected if our outsourcing service providers face any operational or system interruptions.

Further, many of our contracts with outsourcing service providers are short-term or have short notice periods. For example, our agreements with each of our call center providers may be terminated by either party on relatively short notice ranging from 30 to 90 days. In the event one or more of our contracts with our outsourcing service providers is terminated on short notice, we may be unable to find alternative outsourcing service providers on commercially reasonable terms, or at all. Further, the quality of the service provided by a new or replacement outsourcing service provider may not meet our requirements, including during the transition and training phase. Hence, termination of any of our contracts with our outsourcing service providers could cause a decline in the quality of our services, disrupt, and adversely affect our business results of operations and financial condition. Beginning in April 2020, we have also significantly reduced our outsourced teams at our call centers and our offline team managing corporate events in response to the lower travel demand due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

18

We Rely on Information Technology to Operate Our Business and Maintain Our Competitiveness, and Any Failure to Adapt to Technological Developments or Industry Trends Could Harm Our Business.

The markets in which we compete are characterized by rapidly changing technology, evolving industry standards, competitor consolidation, frequent new service announcements and changing consumer demands. We may not be able to keep up with these rapid changes. In addition, these market characteristics are heightened by the progress of technology adoption in various markets, including the continuing adoption of the internet and online commerce in certain geographies and the emergence and growth of the use of smartphones and tablets for mobile e-commerce transactions, including through the increasing use of mobile apps. New developments in other areas, such as cloud computing, could make entering our markets easier for competitors due to lower upfront technology costs. As a result, our future success depends in part on our ability to adapt to rapidly changing technologies, to adapt our services and online platforms to evolving industry standards and to continually innovate and improve the performance, features and reliability of our services and online platforms in response to competitive service offerings and the evolving demands of the marketplace. In particular, it is increasingly important for us to effectively offer our services on mobile devices through mobile apps and mobile-optimized websites. Any failure by us to successfully develop and achieve customer adoption of our mobile apps and mobile-optimized websites would have a material and adverse effect on our growth, market share, business and results of operations. We believe that ease-of-use, comprehensive functionality and the look and feel of our mobile apps and mobile-optimized websites are increasingly critical as consumers obtain more of their travel and related services through mobile devices. As a result, we intend to continue to invest in the maintenance, development and enhancement of our websites and mobile platforms. Further, technical innovation often results in bugs and other system failures. Any such bug or failure, especially in connection with a significant technical implementation could result in lost business, harm to our brands or reputation, customer complaints and other adverse consequences, any of which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our MakeMyTrip, Goibibo and redBus platforms are hosted on Amazon Web Services, or AWS, which provides a high degree of reliability, security and scalability and helps us to maintain adequate capacity, however, the ability to restore any disruption of these services is therefore outside of our control. In addition, we license from third-parties some of the technologies incorporated into our websites, and there can be no assurance that we will be able to renew such licenses on favorable terms or at all. As we continue to introduce new services that incorporate new technologies, we may be required to license additional technology. We cannot be sure that such technology licenses will be available on commercially reasonable terms, if at all.

Some of Our Airline Suppliers (Including Our GDS Service Providers) May Reduce or Eliminate the Commission and Other Fees They Pay to Us for the Sale of Air Tickets, and This Could Adversely Affect Our Business and Results of Operations.

In our air ticketing business, we generate revenue through commissions and incentive payments from airline suppliers, service fees charged to our customers and fees earned from our GDS service providers. Our airline suppliers may reduce or eliminate the commissions and incentive payments they pay to us. If airlines continue to move away from distribution through GDSs and use other distribution channels, it may result in a decrease in our fees earned from our GDS providers. For example, airlines in India have been reducing the base commissions paid to travel agencies since fiscal year 2015. To the extent any of our airline suppliers further reduce or eliminate the commissions or incentive payments they pay to us in the future, our revenue may be further reduced unless we are able to adequately mitigate such reduction by increasing the service fees we charge to our customers in a sustainable manner. Any increase in service fees, to mitigate reductions in or elimination of commissions or otherwise, may also result in a loss of potential customers. Our business would also be negatively impacted if competition or regulation in the travel industry causes us to reduce or eliminate our service fees.

We Rely on the Value of Our Brands, and Any Failure to Maintain or Enhance Consumer Awareness of Our Brands Could Have a Material Adverse Effect on Our Business, Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

We believe continued investment in our brands, “MakeMyTrip,” “Goibibo,” and “redBus,” is critical to retain and expand our business. We believe that our brands are well respected and recognized in the Indian travel market. We have invested in developing and promoting our brand and expect to continue to spend on maintaining our brand’s value to enable us to compete against increased spending by our competitors, as well as against emerging competitors, including search engines and meta-search engines, and to allow us to expand into new geographies and products where our brand is not well known. There is no assurance that we will be able to successfully maintain or enhance consumer awareness of our brands. Even if we are successful in our branding efforts, such efforts may not be cost-effective. If we are unable to maintain or enhance consumer awareness of our brands and generate demand in a cost-effective manner, it would negatively impact our ability to compete in the travel industry and would have a material adverse effect on our business. Negative events or circumstances

19

could also adversely affect consumer perception and the value of our brands. See also “— We Cannot Be Sure That Our Intellectual Property Is Protected from Copying or Use by Others, Including Current or Potential Competitors, and We May Be Subject to Third Party Claims for Intellectual Property Rights Infringement.”

We May Not Be Successful in Implementing Our Growth Strategies.

Our growth strategies involve expanding our hotels and packages business (including through our travel agents’ network and our outbound air ticketing and hotels business for overseas travel), expanding our service and product offerings, enhancing our service platforms by investing in technology, expanding into new geographic markets and pursuing strategic partnerships and acquisitions.

Our success in implementing our growth strategies is affected by:

Many of these factors are beyond our control and there can be no assurance that we will succeed in implementing our strategies.

Even if we are successful in executing our growth strategies, our different businesses may not grow at the same rate or with a uniform effect on our revenues and profitability. For example, the rate of growth in our hotels and packages and bus ticketing business, which has generally outpaced our air ticketing business and is a relatively higher margin business, may not grow at a pace to affect our overall growth in the short term.

We are also subject to additional risks involved in our strategies of expanding into new geographic markets and pursuing strategic partnerships and acquisitions. See “— Our International Operations Involve Additional Risks” and “— Our Strategic Investments and Acquisitions May Not Bring Us Anticipated Benefits, and We May Not Be Successful in Pursuing Future Investments and Acquisitions.”

Our Arrangements with Some of Our Suppliers May Subject Us to Additional Monetary Risks.

We generally do not assume inventory risk in our air ticketing business as we typically act as an agent. However, from time to time, we pre-purchase air ticket inventory in our Hotels and Packages business in order to obtain special negotiated rates and we assume inventory risk on such tickets. We assume similar inventory risk on admission tickets for amusement parks and attractions. When we sell pre-purchased tickets to our customers, revenue is accounted for on a “gross” basis (representing the price of the tickets paid by our customers) and the amount spent to pre-purchase the ticket is classified as a service cost. If we are unable to sell pre-purchased tickets inventory at expected rates or at all, our revenue and business may be adversely affected.

20

Our International Operations Involve Additional Risks.

We have been operating in the United States since 2000, servicing mainly the air ticketing needs of non-resident Indians in the United States traveling inbound to India. We launched our website in the United Arab Emirates in December 2009. We need to continue to tailor our services and business model to the unique circumstances of such markets to succeed, including building new supplier relationships and customer preferences. We have also expanded, and intend to continue to expand, our business in other new markets, particularly those with a significant non-resident Indian population as well as those with proximity to India or favored by Indian travelers. We had previously entered into new geographies in Southeast Asia, in Europe and in Latin America through our acquisitions of Luxury Tours, the Hotel Travel Group, the EasyToBook Group, the ITC Group, Busportal entities in Peru and Colombia. These acquisitions have not always yielded the benefits that we anticipated. For example, after we acquired the Hotel Travel Group in 2012, we significantly reduced its operations and recognized an impairment of goodwill and brands of $14.6 million in fiscal year 2017. Adapting our practices and models effectively to the supplier and customer preferences in these, or other, new markets could be difficult and costly and could divert management and personnel resources. We could also face additional regulatory requirements in these, or other new markets, which could be onerous. We cannot assure you that we will be able to efficiently or effectively manage the growth of our operations in these, or other, new markets.

In addition, we are subject to risks in our international operations that may not exist in our Indian operations, including:

If we are not able to effectively mitigate or eliminate these risks, our results of operations could be adversely affected.

Our Business Could Be Negatively Affected by Changes in Search Engine Logic.

A portion of the traffic to our websites is driven by Google, and, to a lesser extent, we use other search and meta-search websites and social websites to generate traffic to our websites, principally through pay-per-click advertising campaigns. The pricing and operating dynamics on these search and metasearch websites can experience rapid change commercially, technically and competitively. For example, Google frequently updates and changes the logic, which determines the placement and display of its search results, such that the placement of links to our websites can be negatively affected and our costs to improve or maintain our placement in search results can increase. Changes by Google in how it presents travel search results, including its promotion of its travel metasearch services, or the manner in which it conducts the auction for placement among search results, may be competitively disadvantageous to us and may impact our ability to efficiently generate traffic to our websites, which in turn would have an adverse effect on our business, market share and results of operations. Similarly, changes by our other search and meta-search partners in how they present travel search results or the manner in which they conduct the auction for placement among search results may be competitively disadvantageous to us and may impact our ability to efficiently generate traffic to our websites.

In addition, we rely on various third-party distribution channels (i.e., marketing affiliates) to distribute hotel accommodation and airline ticket reservations. Should one or more of such third parties cease distribution of reservations made through us, or suffer deterioration in its search or meta-search ranking, due to changes in search or meta-search algorithms or otherwise, our business, market share and results of operations could be negatively affected.

21

Our processing, storage, use and disclosure of personal data exposes us to risks of internal or external security breaches and could give rise to liabilities.

The security of data when engaging in electronic commerce is essential to maintaining consumer and travel service provider confidence in our services. Any security breach whether instigated internally or externally on our systems or third-party systems upon which we are dependent could significantly harm our business, financial condition, results of operations, brands and market share. It is possible that computer circumvention capabilities or other developments, including our own acts or omissions, could result in a breach of our security systems and compromise of consumer or other third-party data that we store and process. For example, third parties may attempt to fraudulently induce employees, travel service provider partners or customers to disclose user names, passwords, credit card details or other sensitive information, which may in turn be used to access our information technology systems or to defraud our partners or customers. We have previously experienced targeted and organized attacks, including website attacks, phishing scams and denial of service and it is possible that we may experience more in the future. These risks are likely to increase as we expand our offerings, integrate our products and services, and store and process more data, including personal information. Our efforts to protect information from unauthorized access may be unsuccessful or may result in the rejection of legitimate attempts to book reservations through our services, any of which could result in lost business and materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and reputation.

Our existing security measures may not be successful in preventing security breaches. A party (whether internal, external, an affiliate or unrelated third party) that is able to circumvent our security systems could steal confidential or proprietary information that we store and process. In the last few years, several major companies experienced high-profile security breaches which exposed their systems and information and/or their customers' or employees' personal information. We expend significant resources to protect against the risk of such security breaches, and we may need to increase our security-related expenditures to maintain or increase our systems' security or to address problems caused and liabilities incurred by breaches. Advances in technology or other developments could result in a compromise or breach of the technology that we use to protect consumer and transaction data. These issues are likely to become more difficult to manage as we expand the number of places where we operate and the number and variety of services we offer, and as the tools and techniques used in such attacks become more advanced. Security breaches could result in severe damage to our information technology infrastructure, including damage that could impair our ability to offer our services or the ability of consumers to make reservations or conduct searches through our services. Such breaches could result in loss of customer, financial or other data that could materially and adversely affect our ability to conduct our business, satisfy our commercial obligations or meet our public reporting requirements in a timely fashion or at all. Security breaches could also result in negative publicity, damage our reputation, expose us to risk of loss or litigation and possible liability, subject us to regulatory penalties and sanctions, or cause consumers to lose confidence in our security and choose to use the services of our competitors, any of which occurrences would have a negative effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, brands and market share. Our insurance policies may not be adequate to reimburse us for losses caused by security breaches.

We have agreements with banks and certain companies that process customer credit card transactions for the facilitation of customer bookings of travel services from our travel suppliers. We may be liable for accepting international fraudulent credit cards on our websites. In fiscal year 2021, we incurred losses of $0.08 million due to unauthorized credit card transactions and refunds related to disputed settlements. These losses pertained to credit card or digital commerce fraud committed by third parties on our websites primarily through the purchase of air tickets and hotels and packages products using fraudulent credit cards. We may also be subject to other payment disputes with our customers for such sales. If we are unable to combat the use of fraudulent credit cards, our revenue from such sales would be susceptible to demands from the relevant banks and credit card processing companies, and our results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected.

We also face risks associated with security breaches affecting third parties conducting business over the internet. Consumers generally are concerned with security and privacy on the internet, and any publicized security problems could negatively affect consumers' willingness to provide private information or effect commercial transactions on the internet generally, including through our services. Some of our business is conducted with third-party marketing affiliates, which may generate travel reservations through our infrastructure or through other systems. Additionally, consumers using our services could be affected by security breaches at third parties such as travel service providers, payment processors or GDSs upon which we rely. A security breach at any such third-party marketing affiliate, travel service provider, payment processor, GDS or other third party on which we rely could be perceived by consumers as a security breach of our systems and in any event could result in negative publicity, subject us to notification requirements, damage our reputation, expose us to risk of loss or litigation and possible liability and subject us to regulatory penalties and sanctions. In addition, such third parties may not comply with applicable disclosure requirements, which could expose us to liability.

22

System Interruption in Our Information Systems and Infrastructure including System Capacity Constraints May Harm Our Business.

We rely significantly on computer systems to manage consumer traffic to our websites and mobile platforms and facilitate and process transactions. We may in the future experience system interruptions that make some or all of these systems unavailable or prevent us from efficiently fulfilling bookings or providing services to our customers. Any interruptions, outages or delays in our systems, or deterioration in their performance, could impair our ability to process transactions and decrease the quality of our service to our customers.

Further, the consumer traffic to our websites and through our mobile platforms continues to increase. If our systems cannot be expanded to cope with increased demand or fail to perform, we could experience unanticipated disruptions in service, slower response times, decreased customer service and customer satisfaction and delays in the introduction of new services, any of which could impair our reputation, damage our brands and materially and adversely affect our results of operations. If we were to experience frequent or persistent system failures, our reputation and brands could be harmed.

Our computer hardware for operating our services are currently located at hosting facilities in India. While we have backup systems and contingency plans for critical aspects of our operations or business processes, certain other non-critical systems are not fully redundant and our disaster recovery or business continuity planning may not be sufficient. Fires, floods, power outages, telecommunications failures, earthquakes, acts of war or terrorism, acts of God, computer viruses, sabotage, break-ins and electronic intrusion attempts from both external and internal sources and similar events or disruptions may damage, impact or interrupt our computer or communications systems, business processes or infrastructure at any time. Although we have put measures in place to protect certain portions of our facilities and assets, any of these events could cause system interruptions, delays and loss of critical data, and could prevent us from providing services to our customers and/or suppliers for a significant period of time. We do not carry business interruption insurance for such eventualities. Remediation may be costly and we may not have adequate insurance to cover such costs. Moreover, the costs of enhancing infrastructure to attain improved stability and redundancy may be time consuming and expensive and may require resources and expertise that are difficult to obtain.

We Cannot Be Sure That Our Intellectual Property Is Protected from Copying or Use by Others, Including Current or Potential Competitors, and We May Be Subject to Third Party Claims for Intellectual Property Rights Infringement.

Our websites and mobile applications rely on content and in-house customizations and enhancements of third-party technology, much of which is not subject to intellectual property protection. We protect our logo, brand name, websites’ domain names and, to a more limited extent, our content by relying on copyrights, trademarks, trade secret laws and confidentiality agreements. Even with all of these precautions, it is possible for someone else to copy or otherwise obtain and use our content, techniques, and technology without our authorization or to develop similar technology. While our domain names cannot be copied, another party could create an alternative domain name resembling ours that could be passed off as our domain name. Effective trademark, copyright and trade secret protection may not be available in every country in which we operate offline or through the Internet, and policing unauthorized use of our content and technological customizations is difficult and expensive.

We have registered the domain names www.makemytrip.com, www.makemytrip.ae, www.makemytrip.com.sg, www.goibibo.com, and www.redbus.in, and have full legal rights over all these domain names for the period for which such domain names are registered. We primarily conduct our business under the “MakeMyTrip,” “Goibibo” and “redBus” brand names and logos. We have registered the trademark “MakeMyTrip,” “Goibibo” and “redBus” in India, Australia, Canada, certain member states of the European Union, Russia, Singapore, the USA and various other jurisdictions, and we have other trademark applications pending in these jurisdictions. We have also applied for patents in India for certain aspects of our technological systems.

Our key logos are also registered trademarks in India, including “MakeMyTrip,” “MMT Black,” “MMT Double Black,” “MakeMyTripMyBusiness,” “go-mmt,” “GoStays,” “GoIbibo,” “Ibibo,” “MAKEMY,” and “redbus.in.”

In fiscal year 2021, a series of new trademark applications were filed, some of which have also been registered. Additionally, to protect the marks of MakeMyTrip, Goibibo and redBus, we file objections before the trademark registry from time to time against deceptively similar trademarks.

23

We cannot be sure that our trademarks or domain names will be protected to the same extent as in the countries in which they are already registered or that the steps we have taken will prevent misappropriation or infringement of what we consider our proprietary information. Such misappropriation or infringement could have a material adverse effect on our business. In the future, we may need to engage in litigation to enforce our intellectual property rights, to protect our trade secrets or to determine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others. Such litigation might result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and management attention.

Third parties may assert that our services, products, and technology, including software, processes and domain names, violate their intellectual property rights. As competition in our industry increases and the functionality of technology offerings further overlaps, such claims and counterclaims could increase. There can be no assurance that we do not or will not inadvertently infringe on the intellectual property rights of third parties. Any intellectual property claim against us, regardless of its merit, could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations and can be expensive and time consuming to defend. Our failure to prevail in such matters could result in loss of intellectual property rights, judgments awarding substantial damages and injunctive or other equitable relief against us, or require us to delay or cease offering services or reduce features in our services.

Our Business Experiences Seasonal Fluctuations and Quarter-to-Quarter Comparisons of Our Results May Not Be Meaningful.

Our business experiences seasonal fluctuations. We tend to experience higher revenue from our hotels and packages business in the second and fourth calendar quarters of each year, which coincide with the summer holiday travel season and the year-end holiday travel season for our customers in India and other markets. In our air ticketing business, we may have higher revenues in a particular quarters arising out of periodic discounted sales of tickets by our suppliers. Our bus ticketing business is less impacted by seasonality. As a result, quarter-to-quarter comparisons of our results may not be meaningful. These seasonal trends may be affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and its ongoing impact on the travel industry.

Changing Laws, Rules and Regulations and Legal Uncertainties in India, Including Adverse Application of Corporate and Tax Laws, May Adversely Affect Our Business and Financial Performance.

The regulatory and policy environment in which we operate is evolving and subject to change. Such changes, including the instances briefly mentioned below, may adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects, to the extent that we are unable to suitably respond to and comply with such changes in applicable law and policy. Changes in laws, rules or regulations may subject us to greater compliance costs and regulatory risks.

The Taxation Laws (Amendment) Act, 2019 received the assent of the President on December 11, 2019 and were published in the Gazette of India on December 12, 2019, which provides an option for companies to opt for reduced corporate tax rate of 22% (plus surcharge and cess) provided that they do not claim prescribed benefits under the provisions of the Income Tax Act. In addition, such companies shall not be required to pay Minimum Alternative Tax. The Company has opted for reduced tax rate for subsidiaries. The Government of India has rolled out comprehensive national goods and services tax, or GST, law that combines taxes and levies by the Central and State Governments into a unified tax structure with effect from July 1, 2017. The implementation of GST has significant impact on overall tax computation and compliance. We have implemented necessary changes to our business processes, accounting and IT systems in compliance with GST law. We are also incurring additional tax compliance costs under the new tax law.

24

On May 10, 2016, a protocol for amendment of the India-Mauritius tax treaty was signed by India and Mauritius (which came into force on July 19, 2016) under which India gets the taxation rights on capital gains arising from alienation of shares acquired on or after April 1, 2017 in an Indian resident company. Further, in respect of such capital gains arising during the transition period beginning April 1, 2017 and ending March 31, 2019, the tax rate will be limited to 50% of the domestic tax rate in India on such gains subject to fulfillment of certain specified conditions. After March 31, 2019, the tax is charged at full domestic tax rates.

Further, the General Anti Avoidance Rules, or GAAR, came into effect on April 1, 2017. Any income accruing or arising from transfer of investments made before April 1, 2017 is exempted from GAAR provisions. It is also proposed that the relevant rules be amended to protect investments made up to March 31, 2017 from the applicability of GAAR. The tax consequences of the GAAR provisions being applied to an arrangement could result in denial of tax benefit amongst other consequences. In the absence of any precedents on the subject, the application of these provisions is uncertain. If the GAAR provisions are made applicable to our company, it may have an adverse tax impact on us.

We are subject to proceedings and notices under the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988, or the MV Act, challenging the status of our redBus business, and may be subject to similar challenges in future. “Item 8. Financial Information – Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information – Legal Proceedings – Other Proceedings – Writ petition filed in the Delhi High Court regarding applicability of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988, as amended, or the MV Act, to the redBus business.” In addition, amendments to the MV Act which became effective in 2019 and 2020, and guidelines issued thereunder, introduced a license requirement for “aggregators”, defined as digital intermediaries or market places for passengers to connect with drivers for transportation. Such guidelines specify compliance requirements with respect to the aggregator’s online platform, including safety features, data storage in India, fare regulation and responsibilities with respect to drivers on the platform. In the event any portion of our business is deemed to require a license under any covered categories in the MV Act, we may be required to obtain a license and comply with conditions therein. Although we believe that our business is compliant with applicable laws, depending on the outcome of the above-mentioned proceedings, as well as amendments to the MV Act or any other applicable laws, we may be required to adhere to additional compliance requirements.

In December 2019, the Personal Data Protection Bill 2019 was tabled in the Indian Parliament by the Government of India and has currently been referred to a joint parliamentary committee. This bill proposes to provide mechanisms for the protection of personal data and establish a government authority for data protection. If this or similar legislation is enacted, we may incur additional compliance costs and it may affect us in other ways that we are currently unable to predict.

The Consumer Protection Act, 2019, along with the Consumer Protection (E-Commerce) Rules, 2020, became effective in 2020 and replaced the Consumer Protection Act, 1986, as amended. The new law and rules regulate matters relating to consumer rights, unfair trade practices and false or misleading advertising, and also establish regulatory authorities, including addressing complaints, conduct investigations and adjudicate disputes. The rules impose obligations on marketplace and inventory e-commerce entities and sellers relating to the conduct of business and disclosure of information. In addition, the government has recently in June 2021 invited comments on draft amendments to the Consumer Protection (E-Commerce) Rules, 2020, which include various compliance requirements, including registration of e-commerce entities, restrictions on certain sales and marketing activities and disclosure requirements. The timing or impact of such amendments, which remain in draft form, are not yet certain. We may incur increased compliance costs in order to comply with these new requirements, which may also require significant management time and other resources, and any failure to comply may adversely affect our business and results of operations.

The growth and development of e-commerce may result in more stringent consumer protection laws that may impose additional burdens on Internet businesses generally. India’s Department of Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade, Ministry of Commerce and Industry invited comments on a draft National e-Commerce Policy in 2019, which addresses topics, such as data and e-commerce regulation. The timing or impact of this policy, which remains in draft form, is not yet certain. Any such changes could have an adverse effect on our business and financial performance.

Pursuant to amendments in April 2020 to the FDI policy and the FEMA rules, prior government approval will be required for any non-debt investment into India by non-resident entities from countries that share a land border with India or where the beneficial owner of such an investment is situated in or is a citizen of any such country, as well as for any transfer of any such proposed or existing non-debt investment, directly or indirectly, that would result in ownership by any such non-resident entity or beneficial owner. The list of land border countries includes Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, the People’s Republic of China, Myanmar, Nepal and Pakistan. This approval requirement applies to investments in all sectors, including those that previously did not require such approval, such as travel and tourism.  The term “beneficial owner” has not yet been defined for purposes of the FDI Policy and the FEMA. If we are deemed to be a non-resident entity or an entity with a beneficial owner restricted by these amendments, prior government approval will be required for investments in non-debt instruments in our direct and indirect Indian subsidiaries and group entities, including MMT India and Ibibo India, as well as for any such proposed investments or acquisitions by us or our affiliates, including MMT

25

India, Ibibo India and affiliates which are not resident in India. Investments in our ordinary shares, including upon conversion of our Class B shares or our 2028 Notes, and our Class B shares would be deemed to be non-debt investments into our Indian subsidiaries, including MMT India and Ibibo India. Accordingly, under the current FDI Policy and the FEMA rules, any proposed holder of our ordinary shares or our Class B shares that is a non-resident entity from a country that shares a land border with India or where the beneficial owner of such an investment is situated in or is a citizen of any such country would need to have obtained prior government approval in India, and any holder or beneficial owner of our 2028 Notes will not be able to convert such notes into ordinary shares without such approval.

The impact of any or all of the above changes to Indian legislation on our business cannot be fully determined at this time. Additionally, our business and financial performance could be adversely affected by unfavorable changes in or interpretations of existing, or the promulgation of new, laws, rules and regulations applicable to us and our business, including those relating to the Internet and e-commerce, consumer protection and privacy. Such unfavorable changes could decrease demand for our services and products, increase costs and/or subject us to additional liabilities. For example, there may continue to be an increasing number of laws and regulations pertaining to the Internet and e-commerce, which may relate to liability for information retrieved from or transmitted over the Internet or mobile networks, user privacy, taxation and the quality of services provided through the Internet.

The application of various Indian and international sales, use, occupancy, value-added and other tax laws, rules and regulations to our services and products is subject to interpretation by the applicable taxing authorities. Many of the statutes and regulations that impose these taxes were established before the growth of the Internet, mobile networks and e-commerce. If such tax laws, rules and regulations are amended, new adverse laws, rules or regulations are adopted or current laws are interpreted adversely to our interests, particularly with respect to occupancy or value-added or other taxes, the results could increase our tax payments (prospectively or retrospectively) and/or subject us to penalties and, if we pass on such costs to our customers, decrease the demand for our services and products. As a result, any such changes or interpretations could have an adverse effect on our business and financial performance. In recent years, we have received notices from the Indian tax regulatory authority for a demand of service tax on certain matters, some of which relate to the travel industry in India and involve complex interpretation of law. We have also received notices and various assessment orders from the Indian income tax authorities, to which we have responded. There can be no assurance that the Indian tax authorities will not take a different view. See “Item 8. Financial Information — A. Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information — Legal Proceedings.”

We are subject to privacy regulations, and compliance with these regulations could impose significant compliance burdens.

In our processing of travel transactions, we receive and store a large volume of personally identifiable data. This data is increasingly subject to legislation and regulations in numerous jurisdictions around the world, such as the Indian Information Technology Act, 2000, as amended, which would subject us to civil liability to compensate for wrongful loss or gain arising from any negligence by us in implementing and maintaining reasonable security practices and procedures with respect to sensitive personal data or information that we possess in our computer systems, networks, databases and software. India has also implemented privacy laws, including the Information Technology (Reasonable Security Practices and Procedures and Sensitive Personal Data or Information) Rules, 2011, which impose limitations and restrictions on the collection, use and disclosure of personal information.

Practices regarding the collection, use, storage, transmission and security of personal information by companies operating over the internet have recently come under increased public scrutiny around the world. In the European Union, the General Data Protection Regulation, requires companies to implement and remain compliant with regulations regarding the handling of personal data, including its use, protection and the ability of persons whose data is stored to correct or delete such data about themselves. Other countries in Asia, Europe and Latin America have passed or are considering similar privacy regulations, resulting in additional compliance burdens and uncertainty as to how some of these laws will be interpreted. Any liability we may incur for violation of such laws and regulations and related costs of compliance and other burdens may adversely affect our business and profitability. We could be adversely affected if legislation or regulations are expanded to require changes in our business practices or if governing jurisdictions interpret or implement their legislation or regulations in ways that negatively affect our business, results of operations or financial condition. In India in December 2019, the Personal Data Protection Bill 2019 was tabled in the Indian Parliament by the Government of India and has currently been referred to a joint parliamentary committee. This bill proposes to provide mechanisms for the protection of personal data and establish a government authority for data protection. If this or similar legislation is enacted, we may incur additional compliance costs and it may affect us in ways that we are currently unable to predict.

26

We are also subject to payment card association rules and obligations under our contracts with payment card processors. Under these rules and obligations, if information is compromised, we could be liable to payment card issuers for associated expenses and penalties. In addition, if we fail to follow payment card industry security standards, even if no customer information is compromised, we could incur significant fines or experience a significant increase in payment card transaction costs.

Our Significant Shareholder Exercises Significant Influence over Our Company and May Have Interests That Are Different from Those of Our Other Shareholders.

As of March 31, 2021, Trip.com Group Limited, or Trip.com, beneficially owns 100.0% of our issued and outstanding Class B Shares and 48.16% of our aggregate ordinary shares and Class B Shares. For more information, see “Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions” and “Item 10. Additional Information – B. Memorandum and Articles of Association – Amended and Restated Trip.com Investor Rights Agreement.”

Trip.com has the ability to exercise significant influence over our company and certain aspects of our affairs and business, including the election of directors, the timing and payment of dividends, the adoption and amendments to our Constitution, the approval of a merger or sale of substantially all our assets and the approval of most other actions requiring the approval of our shareholders. As a result of its ownership of our Class B Shares, Trip.com is entitled to nominate five directors to our board of directors (one of whom shall be a resident of Mauritius). So long as Trip.com beneficially owns 10% or more of our issued and outstanding voting securities (subject to adjustment for any share split, share dividend, recapitalization, reclassification or similar transaction in respect of any such ordinary shares), it will be entitled to nominate a number of directors to our board of directors in proportion to its beneficial ownership in our company. In addition, under the Amended and Restated Trip.com Investor Rights Agreement, one Independent Director must be appointed from a pool of candidates recommended by Trip.com and approved by Mr. Deep Kalra and Mr. Rajesh Magow, a majority of Independent Directors must be appointed from a pool of candidates approved by Mr. Deep Kalra, Mr. Rajesh Magow and a majority of the Trip.com directors and one of the investor directors designated by Trip.com shall be entitled to exercise the casting vote to which the chairman of the board of directors would otherwise have been entitled pursuant to Article 114 of our Constitution. Under the Amended and Restated Trip.com Investor Rights Agreement, Trip.com and its affiliates are not restricted from purchasing additional ordinary shares of MakeMyTrip on the open market and can further increase their ownership in MakeMyTrip  up to 74.9% under the Amended and Restated Trip.com Investor Rights Agreement, which means that Trip.com and its affiliates may acquire enough ordinary shares of MakeMyTrip to control more than a majority of our issued and outstanding voting securities and consequently the right to appoint a majority of our board of directors. In addition, important matters relating to MakeMyTrip which constitute Reserved Matters (as defined herein) must be approved by a majority of the total number of directors (including the Class B directors) and a majority of the Class B directors, which provides Trip.com and its affiliates with significant veto rights over such matters. The Terms of Issue governing the Class B Shares, or the Terms of Issue, also provide that certain transferees of Class B Shares may, subject to certain minimum ownership thresholds, acquire some of the same rights with respect to board representation and Reserved Matters that Trip.com currently has.

The interests of Trip.com and its affiliates may be diffe