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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
_______________________
FORM 10-Q
_______________________
(Mark One)
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2024
OR

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from                      to
Commission File Number: 001-39463
_______________________
Ouster, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
_______________________
Delaware

86-2528989
(State or other jurisdiction
of incorporation)
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
350 Treat Avenue
San Francisco, California 94110
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
(415) 949-0108
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
N/A
(Former name, former address, and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
_______________________
Title of each class
Trading
Symbol(s)
Name of each exchange
on which registered
Common stock, $0.0001 par value per shareOUSTNew York Stock Exchange
Warrants to purchase common stockOUST WSNew York Stock Exchange
Warrants to purchase common stock expiring 2025OUST WSANYSE American
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.                                                Yes ☒     No   ☐
    
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).                     Yes  ☒   No  ☐
    
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filerAccelerated filer
Non-accelerated filerSmaller reporting company
Emerging growth company
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes  ☐   No  

As of August 9, 2024, the registrant had 48,330,292 shares of common stock, $0.0001 par value per share, outstanding.
1

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Part II - Other Information
2


SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (“Quarterly Report”) contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Ouster, Inc. (the “Company”, “Ouster,” or “we”) intend such forward-looking statements to be covered by the safe harbor provisions for forward-looking statements contained in Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). All statements contained in this Quarterly Report other than statements of historical fact, including, without limitation, statements regarding; expected contractual obligations and capital expenditures; the capabilities of and demand for Ouster’s products; Ouster’s anticipated new product launches and developments; including software-related solutions systems, and the timing for those launches and developments; Ouster’s ability to grow its sales and marketing organizations; Ouster’s future results of operations, cash reserve and financial position; projected industry and business trends; the remediation of material weaknesses; potential risks of inventory obsolescence; Ouster’s future business strategy, plans, distribution partnerships, market growth and its objectives for future operations; Ouster’s competitive market position within its industry and the impact of market conditions and other macroeconomic factors on Ouster’s business, financial condition and results of operation, are forward-looking statements. The words “believe,” “may,” “will,” “estimate,” “continue,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “expect,” “could,” “would,” “project,” “plan,” “potentially,” “preliminary,” “likely,” “aim,” “forecast,” “should,” “can have,” “likely,” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. The Company has based these forward-looking statements largely on its current expectations and projections about future events and trends that it believes may affect its financial condition, results of operations, business strategy, short-term and long-term business operations and objectives, and financial needs. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this Quarterly Report and are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties, and assumptions that may cause actual results to differ materially from those that Ouster expected, including, but not limited to, Ouster’s limited operating history and history of losses; its ability to successfully integrate its business with Velodyne and achieve the anticipated benefits and synergies of the Velodyne Merger; substantial research and development costs needed to develop and commercialize new products; fluctuations in its operating results; Ouster’s ability to maintain competitive average selling prices or high sales volumes or reduce product costs; conditions in its customers’ industries; the competitive environment in which Ouster operates; the negotiating power and product standards of its customers; the creditworthiness of Ouster’s customers; the ability of its lidar technology roadmap and new software solutions to catalyze growth; the selection of Ouster’s products for inclusion in target markets; risks of product delivery problems or defects; costs associated with product warranties; Ouster’s future capital needs and ability to secure additional capital on favorable terms or at all; inaccurate forecasts of market growth; Ouster’s ability to manage growth; Ouster’s ability to grow its sales and marketing organization; risks related to acquisitions; risks related to international operations and compliance; cancellation or postponement of contracts or unsuccessful implementations; Ouster’s ability to maintain inventory and the risk of inventory write-downs; its ability to use tax attributes; Ouster’s dependence on key third-party suppliers, in particular Benchmark Electronics, Inc. and Fabrinet; supply chain constraints and challenges; risks related to Ouster’s indebtedness; Ouster’s ability to recruit and retain key personnel; Ouster’s ability to effectively respond to evolving regulations and standards; Ouster’s ability to adequately protect and enforce its intellectual property rights, including as it relates to Hesai; risks related to operating as a public company; and other important factors discussed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, that are further updated from time to time in the Company’s other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) that may cause its actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially and adversely from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements.
Any forward-looking statements made herein speak only as of the date of this Quarterly Report, and you should not rely on forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee that the future results, performance, or achievements reflected in the forward-looking statements will be achieved or occur. Except as required by applicable law, we undertake no obligation to update any of these forward-looking statements for any reason after the date of this Quarterly Report or to conform these statements to actual results or revised expectations.

GENERAL
Unless the context otherwise indicates, references in this Quarterly Report to the terms “Ouster,” “the Company,” “we,” “our” and “us” refer to Ouster, Inc.
We may announce material business and financial information to our investors using our investor relations website at https://investors.ouster.com/overview. We therefore encourage investors and others interested in Ouster to review the information that we make available on our website, in addition to following our SEC filings, webcasts, press releases and conference calls. Information contained on our website is not part of this Quarterly Report.
3


PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
OUSTER, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(unaudited)
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
June 30,
2024
December 31,
2023
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents$52,687 $50,991 
Restricted cash, current426 552 
Short-term investments131,557 139,158 
Accounts receivable, net14,343 14,577 
Inventory19,453 23,232 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets33,530 34,647 
Total current assets251,996 263,157 
Property and equipment, net9,445 10,228 
Unbilled receivable, non-current portion7,127 10,567 
Operating lease, right-of-use assets16,822 18,561 
Intangible assets, net20,930 24,436 
Restricted cash, non-current1,092 1,091 
Other non-current assets2,463 2,703 
Total assets$309,875 $330,743 
Liabilities and stockholders’ equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable$4,490 $3,545 
Accrued and other current liabilities48,506 58,166 
Contract liabilities, current13,812 12,885 
Operating lease liability, current portion7,263 7,096 
Total current liabilities74,071 81,692 
Operating lease liability, non-current portion16,239 18,827 
Debt43,973 43,975 
Contract liabilities, non-current portion3,487 4,967 
Other non-current liabilities1,495 1,610 
Total liabilities139,265 151,071 
Commitments and contingencies (Note 8)
Stockholders’ equity:
Common stock, $0.0001 par value; 100,000,000 shares authorized at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023; 47,167,305 and 43,257,863 issued and outstanding at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
44 42 
Additional paid-in capital1,035,087 995,464 
Accumulated deficit(863,744)(816,026)
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income(777)192 
Total stockholders’ equity170,610 179,672 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity$309,875 $330,743 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements
4

OUSTER, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
(unaudited)
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
2024202320242023
Revenue$26,990 $19,396 $52,934 $36,626 
Cost of revenue17,892 19,210 36,411 36,816 
Gross profit (loss)9,098 186 16,523 (190)
Operating expenses:
Research and development14,432 26,447 28,238 58,906 
Sales and marketing6,750 11,666 13,610 25,199 
General and administrative13,166 17,842 25,746 49,167 
Goodwill impairment charges 67,266  166,675 
Total operating expenses34,348 123,221 67,594 299,947 
Loss from operations(25,250)(123,035)(51,071)(300,137)
Other income (expense):
Interest income2,251 2,245 4,902 3,964 
Interest expense(740)(1,728)(1,481)(3,397)
Other (expense) income, net
(7)(165)186 (111)
Total other income, net1,504 352 3,607 456 
Loss before income taxes(23,746)(122,683)(47,464)(299,681)
Provision for income tax expense123 50 254 332 
Net loss $(23,869)$(122,733)$(47,718)$(300,013)
Other comprehensive loss
Changes in unrealized (loss) gain on available for sale securities(45)(74)(504)(24)
Foreign currency translation adjustments(293)23 (465)(57)
Total comprehensive loss$(24,207)$(122,784)$(48,687)$(300,094)
Net loss per common share, basic and diluted$(0.53)$(3.19)$(1.08)$(8.84)
Weighted-average shares used to compute basic and diluted net loss per share44,737,769 38,448,241 44,077,383 33,937,505 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements
5

OUSTER, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(unaudited)
(in thousands, except share data)

Common StockAdditional
Paid-in-
Capital
Accumulated
Deficit
Accumulated other comprehensive lossTotal
Stockholders’
Equity
SharesAmount
Balance — December 31, 202343,257,863 $42 $995,464 $(816,026)$192 $179,672 
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options54,374 — 108 — — 108 
Issuance of restricted stock awards533,601 1 — — — 1 
Proceeds from at-the-market offering, net of commissions and fees of $72
343,571 — 2,331 — — 2,331 
Issuance of common stock in connection with Velodyne Merger29,376 — — — — — 
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock759,919 1 — — — 1 
Common stock warrants issuable to customer— — 195 — — 195 
Stock-based compensation expense— — 9,404 — — 9,404 
Net loss— — — (23,849)— (23,849)
Other Comprehensive loss— — — — (631)(631)
Balance — March 31, 202444,978,704 44 1,007,502 (839,875)(439)167,232 
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options22,486 — 42 — — 42 
Proceeds from at-the-market offering, net of commissions and fees of $492
1,489,300 — 15,774 — — 15,774 
Issuance of common stock in connection with Velodyne Merger181,840 — — — — — 
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock310,896 — — — — — 
Issuance of common stock to employees under employee stock purchase plan184,079 — 781 — — 781 
Common stock warrants issuable to customer— — 293 — — 293 
Stock-based compensation expense— — 10,695 — — 10,695 
Net loss— — — (23,869)— (23,869)
Other Comprehensive loss— — — — (338)(338)
Balance — June 30, 202447,167,305 44 1,035,087 (863,744)(777)170,610 

Common StockAdditional
Paid-in-
Capital
Accumulated
Deficit
Accumulated other comprehensive lossTotal
Stockholders’
Equity
Shares
Amount
Balance — December 31, 202218,658,799 $19 $613,665 $(441,916)$(149)171,619 
Issuance of common stock upon Velodyne Merger19,483,269 20 306,582 — — 306,602 
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options10,007 — 18 — — 18 
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock568,675 — — — — — 
Repurchase of common stock(3,753)— — — — — 
Stock-based compensation expense— — 21,780 — — 21,780 
Vesting of early exercised stock options— — 27 — — 27 
Net loss— — — (177,280)— (177,280)
Other Comprehensive loss— — — — (30)(30)
Balance — March 31, 202338,716,997 39 942,072 (619,196)(179)322,736 
Common Stock adjustment reflected as a result of the one-for-10 reverse stock split effectuated on April 6, 202385,893 — — — — — 
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options69,080 — 131 — — 131 
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock385,865 — — — — — 
Issuance of common stock to employees under employee stock purchase plan62,880 — 310 — — 310 
Common stock warrants issuable to customer— — 61 — — 61 
Vesting of early exercised stock options— — 71 — — 71 
Stock-based compensation expense— — 16,466 — — 16,466 
Net loss— — — (122,733)— (122,733)
Other Comprehensive loss— — — — (51)(51)
Balance — June 30, 202339,320,715 $39 $959,111 $(741,929)$(230)$216,991 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements
6

OUSTER, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(unaudited)
(in thousands)
Six Months Ended June 30,
20242023
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net loss$(47,718)$(300,013)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Goodwill impairment charges 166,675 
Depreciation and amortization5,397 10,605 
Loss on write-off of construction in progress and right-of-use asset impairment214 1,423 
Stock-based compensation20,099 38,246 
Reduction of revenue related to stock warrant issued to customer488 61 
Amortization of right-of-use asset2,391 2,012 
Interest expense 889 
Amortization of debt issuance costs and debt discount 125 
Accretion or amortization on short-term investments(2,933)(2,097)
Change in fair value of warrant liabilities27 (126)
Inventory write down742 5,065 
Provision (recovery of) for doubtful accounts(241)541 
Gain from disposal of property and equipment(114)(248)
Realized gain on available for sale securities$(275)$ 
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable3,915 3,420 
Inventory3,037 (3,644)
Prepaid expenses and other assets101 (1,126)
Accounts payable958 (1,741)
Accrued and other liabilities(9,830)(4,779)
Contract liabilities(553)759 
Operating lease liability(3,071)(2,525)
Net cash used in operating activities(27,366)(86,478)
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment502 560 
Purchases of property and equipment(1,741)(1,973)
Purchase of short-term investments(49,720)(48,554)
Proceeds from sales of short-term investments60,028 72,481 
Cash and cash equivalents acquired in the Velodyne Merger 32,137 
Net cash provided by investing activities9,069 54,651 
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Proceeds from ESPP purchase781 310 
Proceeds from exercise of stock options151 150 
Proceeds from the issuance of common stock under at-the-market offering, net of commissions and fees19,498  
At-the-market offering costs for the issuance of common stock(95) 
Net cash provided by financing activities20,335 460 
Effect of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents(467)(56)
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash1,571 (31,423)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period52,634 124,278 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period$54,205 $92,855 






7

OUSTER, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (continued)
(unaudited)
(in thousands)


Six Months Ended June 30,
20242023
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Cash paid for interest$1,487 $2,832 
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF NON-CASH INVESTING AND FINANCING INFORMATION:
Property and equipment purchases included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities$29 $386 
Common stock shares issued in the Velodyne Merger$ $297,425 
Common stock warrants issued in the Velodyne Merger$ $9,177 



The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements
8

OUSTER, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(unaudited)
Note 1 – Description of Business and Basis of Presentation
Description of Business
Ouster, Inc. was incorporated in the Cayman Islands on June 4, 2020 as “Colonnade Acquisition Corp.” (“CLA”). Following the closing of the business combination in March 2021, the Company domesticated as a Delaware corporation and changed its name to “Ouster, Inc.” The Company’s prior operating subsidiary, Ouster Technologies, Inc. (“OTI” and prior to the Merger (as defined below)), was incorporated in the state of Delaware on June 30, 2015. The Company is a leading provider of high-resolution digital lidar sensors that offer advanced 3D vision to machinery, vehicles, robots, and fixed infrastructure assets, allowing each to understand and visualize the surrounding world and ultimately enabling safe operation and ubiquitous autonomy. Unless the context otherwise requires, references in this subsection to “the Company” refer to the business and operations of OTI (formerly known as Ouster, Inc.) and its consolidated subsidiaries prior to the Merger (as defined below) and to Ouster, Inc. (formerly known as CLA) and its consolidated subsidiaries following the consummation of the Merger.
CLA, the Company’s legal predecessor, was originally a blank check company incorporated as a Cayman Islands exempted company on June 4, 2020. CLA was formed for the purpose of effecting a merger, share exchange, asset acquisition, share purchase, reorganization or similar business combination with one or more businesses. On March 11, 2021, CLA consummated a merger (the “Merger”) with OTI pursuant to an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”) dated as of December 21, 2020. As a result of the Merger, among a number of other things, (1) each of the then issued and outstanding 10,000,000 redeemable warrants of CLA (the “CLA warrants”) converted automatically into a redeemable warrant to purchase one share of Ouster common stock (the “Public warrants”) pursuant to the Warrant Agreement, dated August 20, 2020 (the “Warrant Agreement”), between CLA and Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company (“Continental”), as warrant agent and (2) each of the then issued and outstanding 6,000,000 private placement warrants of CLA (the “Private Placement warrants”) converted automatically into a Public warrant pursuant to the Warrant Agreement. No fractional Public warrants were issued upon separation of the CLA units.
On February 10, 2023, the Company completed the merger with Velodyne Lidar, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Velodyne”) pursuant to the terms of the Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Velodyne Merger Agreement”) with Velodyne, Oban Merger Sub, Inc. (“Merger Sub I”) and Oban Merger Sub II LLC (“Merger Sub II”) (the “Velodyne Merger”) dated as of November 4, 2022, accounted for as a business combination with the Company being an accounting acquirer (Note 3).
Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation
The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries (all of which are wholly owned) and have been prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) applicable to interim periods. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include all adjustments (consisting of only normal recurring adjustments) necessary for a fair statement of the results of operations for the periods shown. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2023 and the notes related thereto, included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on March 28, 2024. The year-end condensed balance sheet data was derived from audited financial statements, but does not include all disclosures required by U.S. GAAP. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in the audited financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted from this report, as is permitted by applicable rules and regulations. The results of operations for any interim period are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2024 or for any other future years or interim periods.
On April 6, 2023, the Board of Directors approved a one-for-10 reverse stock split and a corresponding reduction in authorized shares of common stock (the “Reverse Stock Split”). On April 20, 2023, the Company filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware a Certificate of Amendment to its Certificate of Incorporation to effect the one-for-10 Reverse Stock Split of the Company’s common stock and a corresponding reduction in authorized shares of common stock. The par value of the Company’s common stock was not adjusted as a result of the Reverse Stock Split. All share and per share amounts and related stockholders’ equity balances presented herein have been retroactively adjusted to reflect the Reverse Stock Split.
9

Liquidity
The Company’s principal sources of liquidity are its cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, cash generated from sales of the Company’s products, sales of common stock under its at-the-market equity offering program and debt financing.
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis. The Company has experienced recurring losses from operations, and negative cash flows from operations. As of June 30, 2024, the Company’s existing sources of liquidity included cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and short-term investments of $185.8 million. The Company has incurred losses and negative cash flows from operations for several years. If the Company continues to incur losses in the future, it may need to improve liquidity and raise additional capital through the issuance of equity and/or debt. There can be no assurance that the Company would be able to raise such capital. However, management believes that the Company’s existing sources of liquidity are adequate to fund its operations for at least twelve months from the date the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements were available for issuance.
Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
During the six months ended June 30, 2024, there were no significant changes to the Company’s significant accounting policies as disclosed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 28, 2024. The Company has consistently applied the accounting policies to all periods presented in these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted
The Company considers the applicability and impact of all Accounting Standards Update (“ASUs”). ASUs not referenced herein were assessed and determined to be either not applicable or are not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
Concentrations of Credit Risk
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to credit risk consist primarily of cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, short-term investments and accounts receivable. Although the Company deposits its cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and short-term investments with financial institutions that Company believes are of high credit quality, its deposits, at times, may exceed federally insured limits. As of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had cash, cash equivalents, short-term investments and restricted cash with financial institutions in the U.S. of $172.1 million and $184.8 million, respectively. As of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company also had cash with financial institutions in countries other than the U.S. of approximately $13.6 million and $7.0 million, respectively.
The Company generally does not require collateral or other security deposits for accounts receivable.
To reduce credit risk, the Company considers customer creditworthiness, past transaction history with the customer, current economic industry trends, and changes in customer payment terms when determining the collectability of specific customer accounts. Past due balances over 90 days and other higher risk amounts are reviewed individually for collectability. Based on management’s assessment, the Company provides for estimated uncollectible amounts through a charge to earnings and a credit to valuation allowance. Balances that remain outstanding after the Company has used reasonable collection efforts are written off through a charge to the valuation allowance and a credit to accounts receivable.
Accounts receivable from the Company’s major customers representing 10% or more of total accounts receivable and unbilled receivable was as follows:
June 30,
2024
December 31,
2023
Customer A37 %42 %
Customer B11 %12 %
Revenue from the Company’s major customers representing 10% or more of total revenue was as follows:
Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
2024202320242023
Customer E17 %*14 %*
* Customer accounted for less than 10% of total revenue in the period.
10

Concentrations of Supplier Risk
Purchases from the Company’s major suppliers representing 10% or more of total purchases were as follows:
Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
2024202320242023
Supplier A17 %12 %17 %11 %
Supplier B20 %28 %22 %21 %
Accounts payable to the Company’s major suppliers and professional services vendors representing 10% or more of total accounts payable were as follows:
June 30, 2024December 31, 2023
Supplier A35 %*
Supplier B27 %44 %
*Accounted for less than 10% of total accounts payable.
Note 3. Business Combination and Related Transactions
On February 10, 2023, the Company completed the Velodyne Merger. Velodyne shares ceased trading on the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC after market close on February 10, 2023, and each Velodyne share was exchanged for 0.8204 shares of the Company’s common stock. Velodyne is treated as the acquired company for financial reporting purposes. This determination is primarily based on the Company’s senior management prior to the Velodyne Merger comprising a majority of the senior management of the Company following the Velodyne Merger, the Company being the initiator of acquiring Velodyne and the Company being the party issuing shares in the Velodyne Merger. The acquisition price for the Velodyne Merger was $306.6 million, primarily consisting of fair value of the Company’s common stock issued in exchange for Velodyne shares and fair value of the Amazon Warrant (Note 7) of $8.6 million.
11

Under the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with ASC 805, the total purchase price was allocated to identifiable tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their respective estimated fair values using management’s best estimates and assumptions to assign fair value as of the acquisition date. The purchase accounting, including the identification and allocation of consideration to assets acquired was completed as of the fourth quarter of 2023. The following table provides the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the date of acquisition (in thousands):

Estimated Fair Value
Purchase consideration$306,602 
Amounts of identifiable assets and liabilities assumed
Cash and cash equivalents$32,137 
Short-term investments155,031 
Accounts receivable, net8,611 
Inventory9,700 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets4,387 
Unbilled receivable, non-current portion6,657 
Property and equipment, net9,900 
Operating lease, right-of-use assets10,887 
Intangible assets, net13,000 
Other non-current assets1,047 
Accounts payable(3,356)
Accrued and other current liabilities(32,821)
Contract liabilities, current(5,475)
Operating lease liability, current portion(3,735)
Operating lease liability, non-current portion(11,940)
Contract liabilities, non-current portion(2,206)
Other non-current liabilities(745)
Total identifiable net assets$191,079 
Goodwill115,523 
$306,602 
Identified intangible assets acquired and their estimated useful lives as of February 10, 2023, were (in thousands, except years):
Estimated Useful Life
(in years)
Estimated Fair Value
Developed technology – Hardware3$2,500 
Developed technology – Software55,100 
Customer relationships85,400 
Intangible assets, net5.9$13,000 
Developed technology relates to Velodyne’s lidar sensors and BlueCity AI software used to monitor traffic networks and public spaces. The Company applied significant judgment in estimating the fair value of the developed technology, which involved significant assumptions related to the relief-from-royalty rate, the migration curve, the discount rate, and the economic life. The Company valued the hardware developed technology using the relief-from-royalty method under the income approach. Software developed technology was valued using the excess earnings method. The economic useful life was determined based on the technology cycle related to each developed technology, as well as the cash flows over the forecasted period.
The estimated fair value of the customer relationships was determined using the distributor method, which involved significant assumptions related to the distributions margin. The Company estimated customer relationships useful life of 8 years that approximates the pattern in which the economic benefits are expected to be realized.
The estimated fair value of the inventory was determined using the comparative sales method, which estimated the expected sales price of the product, reduced by all costs expected to be incurred to complete or dispose of the inventory, as well as a profit on the sale.
12

The estimated fair value of property and equipment utilized a replacement cost method incorporating the age, quality and condition of the assets.
The excess of the purchase consideration and the fair value of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date over the fair value of net tangible and identified intangible assets acquired was recorded as goodwill, which is not deductible for tax purposes. Goodwill is primarily attributable to the assembled workforce and the anticipated operational synergies at the time of the Velodyne Merger.
The unaudited supplemental pro forma information below presents the combined historical results of operations of the Company and Velodyne as if Velodyne had been acquired as of January 1, 2022 (in thousands):

Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
20232023
Revenue$19,396 $36,626 
Net loss$(122,733)$(300,013)
The unaudited supplemental pro forma information above includes the following adjustments to net loss in the appropriate pro forma periods (in thousands):

Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
20232023
An increase in amortization expense related to the fair value of acquired identifiable intangible assets, net of the amortization expense already reflected in actual historical results$ $(277)
A decrease in expenses related to the transaction expenses
$ $6,058 
A net increase in revenue related to the impact of the acceleration of the Amazon Warrant vesting recognized by Velodyne at the close of the Velodyne Merger transaction$ $3,656 
A decrease in expenses related to the impact of the acceleration of the Amazon Warrant vesting recognized by Velodyne at the close of the Velodyne Merger transaction$ $26,704 
Represents decrease in additional stock-based compensation expense related to Ouster employee terminations due to change in control.
$ $6,383 
Represents a decrease in severance expense in connection with the Velodyne Merger transaction
$ 10,586 
The unaudited supplemental pro forma information has been presented for illustrative purposes only and is not necessarily indicative of results of operations that would have been achieved had the Velodyne Merger taken place on the date indicated, or of the Company’s future consolidated results of operations. The supplemental pro forma information presented above has been derived from the Company’s historical consolidated financial statements and from historical consolidated financial statements and the historical accounting records of Velodyne.
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Note 4. Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The following tables provide information by level for the Company’s assets and liabilities that were measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in thousands):
June 30, 2024
Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents:
Money market funds$18,364 $ $ $18,364 
Short-term investments:
Commercial paper $72,690  72,690 
Corporate debt and U.S. government agency securities $58,867  58,867 
Total short-term investments 131,557  131,557 
Total financial assets$18,364 $131,557 $ $149,921 
Liabilities
Warrant liabilities$ $ $256 $256 
Total financial liabilities$ $ $256 $256 
December 31, 2023
Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents:
Money market funds$7,354 $ $ $7,354 
Commercial paper 2,989  2,989 
Short-term investments:
Commercial paper 80,620  `80,620 
Corporate debt and U.S. government agency securities 58,538 58,538 
Total short-term investments$ $139,158 $ $139,158 
Total financial assets$7,354 $142,147 $ $149,501 
Liabilities
Warrant liabilities$ $ $229 $229 
Total financial liabilities$ $ $229 $229 
Money market funds are included within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy because they are valued using quoted market prices in active markets. Market valuations of our investments which are classified as Level 2 are provided by an independent third party. In accordance with the fair value hierarchy, the market valuation sources include observable market inputs and are therefore considered Level 2 inputs for purposes of determining the fair values.
The fair value of the Private Placement warrant liabilities is based on significant unobservable inputs, which represent Level 3 measurements within the fair value hierarchy. In determining the fair value of the warrant liabilities, the Company used the Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value using unobservable inputs including the expected term, expected volatility, risk-free interest rate and dividend yield (see Note 7).
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The following table presents a summary of the changes in the fair value of the Company’s Level 3 financial instruments (in thousands):
Private Placement Warrant Liability
Fair value as of December 31, 2023$229 
Change in the fair value included in other income, net27 
Fair value as of June 30, 2024$256 
Fair value as of December 31, 2022$180 
Change in the fair value included in other income, net(126)
Fair value as of June 30, 2023$54 
Non-Recurring Fair Value Measurements
The Company has certain assets, including intangible assets, which are measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis and are adjusted to fair value only if an impairment charge is recognized. The categorization of the framework used to measure fair value of the assets is considered to be within the Level 3 valuation hierarchy due to the subjective nature of the unobservable inputs used.
Disclosure of Fair Values
The Company’s financial instruments that are not re-measured at fair value include accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued and other current liabilities and debt. The carrying values of these financial instruments approximate their fair values. The Company acquired short-term investments consisting of commercial paper, corporate debt and U.S. government agency securities as a result of the merger with Velodyne that closed on February 10, 2023 (see Note 3). Unrealized gains and losses on the Company’s short-term investments were not significant as of June 30, 2024 and therefore, the amortized cost of the Company’s short-term investments approximated its fair value.
Note 5. Balance Sheet Components
Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company’s cash and cash equivalents consist of the following (in thousands):
 June 30,
2024
December 31,
2023
Cash$34,323 $40,648 
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds(1)
18,364 7,354 
Commercial paper 2,989 
Total cash and cash equivalents$52,687 $50,991 
(1)The Company maintains a cash sweep account, which is included in money market funds as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. Cash is invested in short-term money market funds that earn interest.
Restricted Cash
Restricted cash consists of collateral to merchant credit card and certificates of deposit held by a bank as security for outstanding letters of credit. The Company had a restricted cash balance of $1.5 million and $1.6 million as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, which has been excluded from the Company’s cash and cash equivalents balances. The Company presented $0.4 million and $0.6 million of the total amount of restricted cash within current assets on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The remaining restricted cash balance of $1.1 million and $1.1 million is included in non-current assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
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The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets to the amounts reported in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of cash flows (in thousands):
June 30,
2024
June 30,
2023
Cash and cash equivalents$52,687 $91,237 
Restricted cash, current426 528 
Restricted cash, non-current1,092 1,090 
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash$54,205 $92,855 
Inventory
Inventory, consisting of material, direct and indirect labor, and manufacturing overhead, consists of the following (in thousands):
 June 30,
2024
December 31,
2023
Raw materials$10,033 $10,062 
Work in process62 75 
Finished goods9,358 13,095 
Total inventory$19,453 $23,232 
Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets
Prepaid expenses and other current assets consist of the following (in thousands):
June 30,
2024
December 31,
2023
Prepaid expenses$5,720 $5,377 
Prepaid insurance1,334 648 
Receivable from contract manufacturer2,193 2,028 
Insurance receivable23,375 23,375 
Other current assets908 3,219 
Total prepaid expenses and other current assets$33,530 $34,647 
Property and Equipment, Net
Property and equipment consists of the following (in thousands):
Estimated Useful Life
(in years)
June 30,
2024
December 31,
2023
Machinery and equipment3$15,836 $16,535 
Computer equipment31,104 1,104 
Automotive and vehicle hardware593 22 
Software3590 593 
Furniture and fixtures7943 946 
Construction in progress4,988 3,572 
Leasehold improvementsShorter of useful life or lease term10,910 10,879 
34,464 33,651 
Less: Accumulated depreciation(25,019)(23,423)
Property and equipment, net$9,445 $10,228 
Depreciation expense associated with property and equipment was $5.4 million and $6.3 million during the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
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Intangible Assets, Net
The following tables present acquired intangible assets, net as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands):
June 30, 2024
Estimated Useful Life
(in years)
Gross Carrying amountAccumulated AmortizationNet Book Value
Developed technology3-8$23,500 $(7,868)$15,632 
Vendor relationship
3
6,600 (5,867)733 
Customer relationships3-86,300 (1,735)4,565 
Intangible assets, net$36,400 $(15,470)$20,930 
December 31, 2023
Estimated Useful Life
(in years)
Gross Carrying amountAccumulated AmortizationNet Book Value
Developed technology3-8$23,500 $(5,948)$17,552 
Vendor relationship36,600 (4,767)1,833 
Customer relationships3-86,300 (1,249)5,051 
Intangible assets, net$36,400 $(11,964)$24,436 
Amortization expense was $3.4 million and $3.2 million during the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
The following table summarizes estimated future amortization expense of finite-lived intangible assets-net (in thousands):
Years:Amount
2024 (the remainder of 2024)$3,101 
20254,515 
20263,776 
20273,682 
20282,779 
Thereafter3,077 
Total$20,930 
Accrued and Other Current Liabilities
Accrued and other current liabilities consist of the following (in thousands):
June 30,
2024
December 31,
2023
Accrued legal contingencies$23,375 $27,500 
Uninvoiced receipts8,707 12,980 
Accrued compensation5,581 6,387 
Sales and use tax2,124 2,667 
Other8,719 8,632 
Total accrued and other current liabilities$48,506 $58,166 
Note 6. Debt
Loan and Security Agreement
On April 29, 2022, the Company entered into the Loan Agreement with Hercules Capital, Inc. (“Hercules”) (as amended, the “Loan Agreement”). The Loan Agreement provided the Company with a term loan facility of up to $50.0 million, subject to certain terms and conditions. The Company borrowed the initial tranche of $20.0 million on April 29, 2022. On October 17, 2022, the Company borrowed an additional $20.0 million.
The Loan Agreement included a minimum liquidity financial covenant whereby the Company was required to maintain at least $60.0 million of cash in deposit accounts that are subject to an account control agreement in favor of Hercules.
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On February 10, 2023, the Company entered into the Third Amendment, which amended the Loan Agreement to (i) increase the existing debt baskets for (a) purchase money debt and capital leases, and (b) letter of credit obligations, (ii) provide for increased flexibility to maintain cash in non-US accounts, and (iii) provide for increased flexibility to relocate certain equipment.
Advances under the Loan Agreement bore interest at the rate of interest equal to greater of either (i) (x) the prime rate as reported in The Wall Street Journal plus (y) 6.15%, and (ii) 9.40%, subject to compliance with financial covenants and other conditions. The Loan Agreement included covenants, limitations, and events of default customary for similar facilities.
In connection with the Loan Agreement, the Company paid the lender a cash facility and legal fees of $0.6 million and incurred debt issuance costs to third parties that were directly related to issuing debt in the amount of $0.3 million. The effective interest rate on this debt was 17.90% after giving effect to the debt discount, debt issuance costs and the end of term charge. Amortization expense included in the interest expense related to debt discount and debt issuance costs of the Loan Agreement was not material for the year ended December 31, 2023.
On October 25, 2023, the Loan Agreement was repaid with proceeds of the loans drawn under the Credit Agreement (as defined below) with UBS Bank USA and UBS Financial Services Inc. resulting in a loss on extinguishment of debt of $3.6 million and recorded it as interest expense in its consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the twelve months ended December 31, 2023.
Revolving Credit
On October 25, 2023, the Company entered into the Credit Line Account Application and Agreement for Organizations and Businesses (the “Credit Agreement”) and the Addendum to Credit Line Account Application and Agreement (the “Addendum”; and the Credit Agreement as amended, modified, and/or supplemented by the Addendum, the “UBS Agreement”) by and among the Company, UBS Bank USA (the “Bank”), and UBS Financial Services Inc. The facility under the UBS Agreement matures and terminates on August 2, 2025 (the “Maturity Date”).
The UBS Agreement provides the Company with a revolving credit line of up to $45.0 million, subject to certain terms and conditions. The Company borrowed $44.0 million on October 25, 2023, and all of the proceeds were used to prepay and terminate the Company’s Loan Agreement on October 25, 2023.
Pursuant to the terms of the UBS Agreement, the Company has agreed to maintain minimum liquidity, that can be comprised of unencumbered cash and cash equivalents, U.S. treasuries and other assets acceptable to the Bank, of $52.0 million in an account maintained with the Bank or its affiliates at all times.
Loans under the UBS Agreement bear interest at a rate equal to (x) for variable rate loans, the sum of (i) the applicable SOFR average plus 0.110%, plus (ii) 1.20%, and (y) for fixed rate loans, the sum of either (1) CME Term Rate or (2) the U.S. Treasury Rate, as applicable and as defined in the UBS Agreement, as determined based on the duration of the advance, plus the applicable liquidity premium with a range of 0.15% to 0.50%, as set forth in the UBS Agreement. Interest payments are due (x) for variable rate loans, on the last day of each calendar month, and on each date that any portion of the principal amount is due, including on the Maturity Date, and (y) for fixed rate loans, on the last day of the applicable interest period, and on each date that any portion of the principal amount is due, including on the Maturity Date. The Company may repay any variable rate loans at any time in whole or in part, without penalty. The Company may repay any fixed rate loans in whole, but not in part, subject to certain breakage costs.
The Company has agreed to pay an unused line fee in an amount equal to (i) the commitment amount of $45.0 million less the average daily balance of the sum of the principal amount of the obligations outstanding during the preceding calendar quarter, multiplied by (ii) 0.50% per annum, and such unused line fee is payable quarterly in arrears on the last day of each calendar quarter.
The UBS Agreement also contains affirmative and negative covenants customary for a credit line of this type, including requirements for maintenance of the collateral accounts and certain limitations on withdrawal of cash from such collateral accounts. The UBS Agreement also provides for customary events of default, including, among others, non-payment, failure to maintain an amount equal to the greater of (x) the outstanding loans and (y) the collateral value as determined by the Bank, in the securities accounts maintained with the Bank, bankruptcy, or breach of a covenant, representation and warranty.
As of June 30, 2024, the Company was in compliance with the covenants set forth in the UBS Agreement.
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Note 7. Warrants
Private Placement Warrants
Simultaneously with the closing of the Company’s initial public offering (the “IPO”) in August 2020, the sponsor of CLA, Colonnade Sponsor LLC, purchased an aggregate of 600,000 Private Placement warrants at a price of $10.00 per warrant, for an aggregate purchase price of $6,000,000. The Private Placement warrants became exercisable 12 months following the closing of the Company’s IPO, and expire 5 years from the completion of the Colonnade Merger, or earlier upon redemption or liquidation. On March 11, 2021, as adjusted to reflect the Reverse Stock Split, each outstanding Private Placement warrant automatically converted into a warrant to purchase one-tenth of a share of Ouster common stock pursuant to the Warrant Agreement. Each 10 Private Placement warrants is exercisable for one share of Ouster common stock at an exercise price of $115.00 per share, with no fractional shares being issuable upon exercise of a warrant.
The private placement warrant liability was initially recognized as a liability at a fair value of $19.4 million and the private placement warrant liability was remeasured to fair value as of June 30, 2024 and 2023, resulting in an immaterial charge for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, classified within other income, net in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
The Private Placement warrants were valued using the following assumptions under the Black-Scholes option-pricing model:
June 30, 2024December 31, 2023June 30, 2023
Stock price$9.83 $7.67 $4.94 
Exercise price of warrant$115.00 $115.00 $115.00
Expected term (years)1.72.22.7
Expected volatility98.00 %94.00 %80.00 %
Risk-free interest rate4.83 %4.19 %4.61 %
Public Warrants
CLA, in its IPO in August 2020, issued units that each consisted of one Class A ordinary share and one-half warrant to purchase a Class A ordinary share (the “Public warrants”). The warrants became exercisable 12 months following the closing of the Company’s IPO, and expire five years from the completion of the Merger, or earlier upon redemption or liquidation. On March 11, 2021, upon the closing of the Colonnade Merger, each of the 999,999 outstanding warrants, as adjusted for any fractional warrants that were not issued upon separation was converted automatically into a redeemable Public warrant to purchase one share of the Company’s common stock. As adjusted for the Reverse Stock Split, each 10 Public warrants is exercisable for one share of Ouster common stock at an exercise price of $115.00 per share, with no fractional shares issuable upon exercise of a warrant. The Public warrants were recognized as equity upon the Merger in the amount of $17.9 million.
Prior to their expiration, the Company may redeem the Public warrants at a price of $0.10 per warrant, provided that the closing price of the Company’s common stock equals or exceeds $180.00 per share for any 20 trading days within a 30 trading-day period ending on the third trading day prior to the date on which the Company gives proper notice of such redemption to the warrants holders.
The Company also assumed 5,973,170 outstanding public warrants upon closing the Velodyne Merger to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock (the “Velodyne Public warrants”). Each warrant entitles the holder to purchase 0.06153 shares of the Company’s common stock. Each 10 Velodyne Public warrants is exercisable for 0.6153 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $140.20 per 0.6153 share of common stock, with no fractional shares being issuable upon exercise of a warrant. The warrants are exercisable at any time and expire in September 2025. The Company may redeem the outstanding warrants in whole and not in part at a price of $0.10 per warrant at any time after they become exercisable, provided that the last sale price of the Company’s common stock equals or exceeds $219.41 per share, subject to adjustments, for any 20-trading days within a 30-trading day period ending three business days prior to the date on which the Company sends the notice of redemption to the warrant holders. The Velodyne Public warrants were recognized as equity upon the Velodyne Merger.
Amazon Warrant
On February 10, 2023, as part of the Velodyne Merger, the Company assumed a warrant agreement and a transaction agreement, pursuant to which Velodyne agreed to issue to Amazon.com NV Investment Holdings LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Amazon.com Inc. (“Amazon”), a warrant to acquire, following customary antidilution adjustments, up to an aggregate of 3,263,898 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $50.71 per share (the “Amazon Warrant”). The exercise price and the warrant shares issuable upon exercise of the Amazon Warrant are subject to further antidilution adjustments, including in the event the Company makes certain sales of common stock (or securities exercisable or
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convertible into or exchangeable for shares of the Company’s common stock) at a price less than the exercise price of the Amazon Warrant. As a result of the issuance and sale by the Company of an additional 1,489,300 shares of common stock in the three months ended June 30, 2024 pursuant to the At-Market-Issuance Sales Agreement at prices below the exercise price of the Amazon Warrant, an antidilution adjustment to the terms of the Amazon Warrant occurred (see Note 9), resulting in the increase in the number of shares issuable under the Amazon Warrant by 2,218 shares of common stock and a reduction to the original strike price of the Amazon Warrant to $50.66 per share. As of June 30, 2024, there were 3,266,116 shares of common stock issuable under the Amazon Warrant.
The Amazon Warrant is subject to vesting. As a result of the Velodyne Merger, 50% of the unvested Amazon Warrant as of the date of the Velodyne Merger have vested and the remainder will vest over time based on payments by Amazon or its affiliates to us in connection with Amazon’s purchase of goods and services from the Company. The vested portion of the Amazon Warrant, representing 1,848,694 shares of Ouster common stock with a fair value of $8.6 million, was included in the Velodyne Merger purchase price consideration on February 10, 2023.
The Amazon Warrant shares vest in multiple tranches over time based on payments of up to $100.0 million by Amazon or its affiliates (directly or indirectly through third parties) to the Company in connection with Amazon’s purchase of goods and services. The fair value of the unvested Amazon Warrant, representing 1,219,235 unvested Ouster common stock shares will be recognized as a non-cash stock-based reduction to revenue when Amazon makes payments and vesting conditions become probable of being achieved.
The fair value of the Amazon Warrant shares was estimated on February 10, 2023, the date of completion of the Velodyne Merger, using the Black-Scholes option pricing model on the remaining contractual term of 6.98 years, an expected volatility of 53.7%, a 3.86% risk-free interest rate and a 0% expected dividend yield. The Company estimated expected volatility by using historical volatility of the Company’s publicly traded stock and historical volatility of a group of publicly traded peer companies for the period commencing February 16, 2016 and ending on the date of the Merger.
The right to exercise the Amazon Warrant and receive the warrant shares that have vested expires February 4, 2030.
In the three months ended June 30, 2024, 56,634 Amazon Warrant shares vested. As of June 30, 2024, there were 2,046,881 Amazon Warrant shares vested.
Note 8. Commitments and Contingencies
Letters of Credit
In connection with certain office leasehold interests in real property located in San Francisco (350 Treat Ave and, 2741 16th Street) and in Paris, the Company obtained letters of credit from certain banks as required by the lease agreements. If the Company defaults under the terms of the applicable lease, the lessor will be entitled to draw upon the letters of credit in the amount necessary to cure the default. The amounts covered by the letters of credit are collateralized by certificates of deposit, which are included in restricted cash on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The outstanding amount of the letters of credit was $1.4 million and $1.4 million as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
Contingencies
From time to time, the Company may be involved in legal and administrative proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. The Company records a liability in its consolidated financial statements for these matters when a loss is known or considered probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated. Management reviews these estimates in each accounting period as additional information becomes known and adjusts the loss provision when appropriate. If the loss is not probable or cannot be reasonably estimated, a liability is not recorded in the consolidated financial statements. If a loss is probable but the amount of loss cannot be reasonably estimated, the Company discloses the loss contingency and an estimate of possible loss or range of loss (unless such an estimate cannot be made). Legal costs incurred in connection with loss contingencies are expensed as incurred.
Litigation
The Company is involved in various legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. Significant judgment is required in both the determination of probability and the determination as to whether any exposure is reasonably estimable. Actual outcomes of these legal and regulatory proceedings may materially differ from our current estimates.
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Velodyne Legacy Litigation
On March 3, 2021, a purported shareholder of Velodyne filed a complaint for a putative class action against Velodyne, Anand Gopalan and Andrew Hamer in the United States District Court, Northern District of California, entitled Moradpour v. Velodyne Lidar, Inc., et al., No. 3:21-cv01486-SI. The complaint alleged purported violations of the federal securities laws and that, among other things, the defendants made materially false and/or misleading statements and failed to disclose material facts about Velodyne’s business, operations and prospects, including with respect to David Hall’s role with Velodyne and removal as Chairman of Velodyne’s Board of Directors. The complaint alleged that purported class members have suffered losses and sought, among other things, an award of compensatory damages on behalf of a putative class of persons who purchased or otherwise acquired Velodyne’s securities between November 9, 2020 and February 19, 2021. On March 12, 2021, a putative class action entitled Reese v. Velodyne Lidar, Inc., et al., No. 3:21-cv-01736-VC, was filed against Velodyne, Mr. Gopalan and Mr. Hamer in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California, based on allegations similar to those in the earlier class action and seeking recovery on behalf of the same putative class. On March 19, 2021, another putative class action entitled Nick v. Velodyne Lidar, Inc., et al., No. 4:21-cv-01950-JST, was filed in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California, against Velodyne, Mr. Gopalan, Mr. Hamer, two current or former directors, and three other entities. The complaint was based on allegations similar to those in the earlier class actions and sought, among other things, an award of compensatory damages on behalf of a putative class of persons who purchased or otherwise acquired Velodyne’s securities between July 2, 2020 and March 17, 2021. The class actions have been consolidated, lead plaintiffs have been appointed and an amended consolidated complaint was filed on September 1, 2021, based on allegations similar to those in the earlier class actions. After multiple motions to dismiss, on July 1, 2022, the court denied the motion to dismiss as it relates to the claims related to David Hall’s role with Velodyne, but granted the motion to dismiss as to all other claims. On July 14, 2023, the Court granted Diane Smith’s motion for class certification.
On March 13, 2024, the parties to the consolidated securities class action lawsuit filed a stipulation of settlement to settle this lawsuit, without any admission or concession of wrongdoing or liability by Velodyne or the individual defendants. On April 19, 2024, the court preliminarily approved the settlement that provides for a payment of $27.5 million, of which the Company expects approximately $23.4 million to be funded by insurance proceeds. A hearing on final settlement approval has been set for August 16, 2024. The Company accrued for and recorded the entire amount of this $27.5 million settlement liability and recorded the expense within general and administrative expenses in 2023 after concluding that such settlement amount is probable and reasonably estimable. As of December 31, 2023, the Company recorded an insurance receivable of $23.4 million in prepaid expenses and other current assets to be funded by insurance proceeds based on the terms of the settlement. The $23.4 million insurance receivable allows the Company to recover the majority of the settlement expense, resulting in a net charge of $4.1 million in its consolidated statement of operations. The settlement charge of $4.1 million was paid in the three months ended June 30, 2024. The Company will continue to assess the probable amount of insurance proceeds expected to be received in future reporting periods based on any additional facts that arise.
On December 8, 2021, Velodyne received a subpoena for documents related to Wei Weng’s trading in stock of Graf Acquisition Corp. (Velodyne’s predecessor) stock during 2020, prior to the announcement that Velodyne was planning to merge into Graf Acquisition Corp. Velodyne has complied with the SEC’s requests to date; however, the SEC may request additional documents or information. No such follow up requests have been received to date.
On January 18, 2022, David and Marta Hall filed a lawsuit in the Superior Court of California, County of Alameda, against current and former officers and directors of Velodyne, as well as Jeff Vetter, Velodyne’s outside counsel. The Halls sought to recover damages for financial and other injuries they allegedly sustained as a result of the merger between Graf and Velodyne. On May 3, 2022, certain defendants filed motions to compel arbitration and other defendants filed motions to quash service of process for lack of personal jurisdiction. The court conducted a hearing on the motions on July 20, 2022. On August 30, 2022, the court granted the motion to quash service with respect the out of state defendants. On October 3, 2022, the court granted the motion to compel Mr. Hall to arbitrate his claims, and stayed proceedings on Ms. Hall’s claims pending arbitration of Mr. Hall’s claims. On October 20, 2022, the Halls voluntarily dismissed the action without prejudice. On January 3, 2023, the Halls filed an arbitration demand with substantially the same allegations as the prior lawsuit. On or about August 22, 2023, the Halls filed an application in Texas District Court, Dallas County to compel arbitration of Messrs. Graf and Dee who had been dismissed from the prior court action for lack of personal jurisdiction. Messrs. Graf and Dee agreed to participate in the arbitration and thus the Texas action has been stayed. The arbitrator has set the arbitration hearing for February 3, 2025. The Company does not believe the claims are meritorious and intends to defend the action vigorously.
On August 10, 2023, Plaintiffs David and Marta Hall filed a complaint against Velodyne in the Superior Court of California, County of San Francisco asserting claims for breach of contract and failure to reimburse expenses in violation of California Labor Code Section 2802 (the “2023 Hall Matter”). The 2023 Hall Matter seeks indemnification for legal fees incurred on the Halls’ behalf in connection with a prior derivative action against certain Velodyne officers and directors, and naming Velodyne as a nominal defendant, captioned In Re Velodyne Lidar, Inc. Derivative Action, Case No. 1:21-cv-00369-TMH (D. Del.)
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(dismissed on November 7, 2023). On November 21, 2023, Velodyne denied all allegations. The 2023 Hall Matter is now set for trial on April 8, 2025. The Company does not believe the claims are meritorious and intends to defend the action vigorously.
On August 25, 2023, a putative shareholder class action suit was filed in the Delaware Court of Chancery against six former officers and directors of Graf Industrial Corp. (“GIC”), the predecessor entity of Velodyne, as well as two other entities (one of which has since been dismissed without prejudice), entitled Berger v. Graf Acquisition, LLC, et al., No. C.A. 2023 0873 LWW. The Company, GIC and Velodyne are not named as defendants. The plaintiff, who was allegedly a GIC shareholder, asserts claims for breach of fiduciary duty and unjust enrichment in connection with the merger of GIC and Velodyne on September 29, 2020, and seeks damages, disgorgement and other recovery on behalf of the putative class of GIC shareholders in an unspecified amount. The Company is obligated to indemnify such former officers and directors under certain circumstances. The court has set trial for July 14, 2025. The Company does not believe the claims are meritorious and intends to defend the action vigorously.
Ouster Litigation
On June 10, 2021, the Company received a letter from the SEC notifying the Company of an investigation and document subpoena. The subpoena seeks documents regarding projected financial information in CLA’s Form S-4 registration statement filed on December 22, 2020. On August 15, 2023, the SEC informed the Company that they have concluded the investigation and that they do not intend to recommend any enforcement action.
On April 11, 2023, the Company filed a complaint with the United States International Trade Commission (the “Commission”) pursuant to 19 U.S.C. § 1337 (“Section 337”). The complaint requests that the Commission institute an investigation relating to the unlawful importation, sale for importation, and/or sale after importation into the United States by Hesai Group, Hesai Technology Co., Ltd., and Hesai Inc. (collectively “Hesai”) of certain LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) systems and/or components thereof. The complaint alleges that Hesai’s LiDAR products infringe certain claims of the Company’s U.S. Patent Nos. 11,175,405, 11,178,381, 11,190,750, 11,287,515 and/or 11,422,236. The complaint seeks the issuance of a permanent exclusion order and cease and desist order. On May 11, 2023, the Commission decided to institute an investigation based on the Company’s complaint as In the Matter of Certain LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) Systems and Components Thereof, 337-TA-1363. On May 25, 2023, the Administrative Law Judge (“ALJ”) issued a procedural schedule whereby the evidentiary hearing was to begin on January 4, 2024, with a target date for completion of the Investigation by the Commission on October 17, 2024. On June 7, 2023, Hesai responded to the complaint and denied all allegations. On June 22, 2023, Hesai filed a motion to terminate or alternatively stay the investigation in light of an alleged agreement to arbitrate based on the Settlement Agreement signed in 2020 between Hesai and Velodyne (the “Settlement Agreement”). Hesai alleged that the Company is bound to the 2020 Settlement Agreement as a result of the Company’s merger with Velodyne in 2023. The Company opposed the motion, including any allegation that the Company has any obligation to arbitrate or that its patents are subject to any terms of the 2020 Settlement Agreement, which the Company never signed. On August 24, 2023, the ALJ issued an initial determination granting the motion to terminate, holding that a valid arbitration agreement exists as part of the Settlement Agreement, and thus the arbitrators should decide whether the Company has obligation to arbitrate. On August 31, 2023, the Company filed a petition for review of the initial determination with the Commission. On September 14, 2023, Hesai responded. On October 11, 2023, the Commission issued a notice of its determination to review and, on review, to affirm with modification the ALJ’s initial determination granting the motion to terminate the investigation in its entirety based upon the arbitration agreement. As a result, the investigation was terminated.
On April 11, 2023, the Company also filed a complaint in the District of Delaware alleging patent infringement of the same patents as in the aforementioned Section 337 proceeding against Hesai Group and Hesai Technology Co., Ltd. The complaint seeks monetary damages as well as the issuance of a permanent injunction. On May 30, 2023, the Court granted a stay of the case pending the resolution, including all appeals, of In the Matter of Certain LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) Systems and Components Thereof, 337-TA-1363.
On May 17, 2023, Hesai Photonics Technology Co. Ltd. and Hesai Group (collectively “Hesai Photonics”) filed a request for arbitration with JAMS against the Company, Velodyne Lidar, Inc., Velodyne, LLC, and Oban Merger Sub II LLC. Hesai Photonics alleges that the Company is bound by the terms and conditions, including an obligation to arbitrate disputes, of a Settlement Agreement signed in 2020 between Hesai Photonics and Velodyne Lidar, Inc. as a result of the Company’s 2023 merger with Velodyne Lidar, Inc. On June 13, 2023, the Company responded to the arbitration demand. The Company denied all allegations. The Company also disputed that there was an obligation to arbitrate, and thus, alleged that JAMS lacked jurisdiction. The arbitration hearing date is set for November 18, 2024.
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On September 14, September 25, and September 26, 2023, Hesai filed Petitions for Inter Partes Review with the Patent Trial and Appeal Board (“PTAB”) challenging the validity of the Company’s patents asserted in the ITC and Delaware patent actions. The Company provided preliminary responses to those petitions in late December 2023 and early January 2024. On March 19, 2024, March 28, 2024, and April 1, 2024, the PTAB issued decisions to institute inter partes review for four of the five patents and declined to institute review of the fifth patent. The case numbers and patents for the four matters in which review has been instituted, and the corresponding hearing dates, are: IPR2023-01421 (Patent No. 11,175,405), hearing date of December 17, 2024; IPR2023-01422 (Patent No. 11,287,515), hearing date of December 17, 2024; IPR2023-01456 (Patent No. 11,178,381), hearing date of January 13, 2025; and IPR2023-01457 (Patent No. 11,190,750), hearing date of January 13, 2025. The matter that was not instituted was IPR2023-01458, involving Patent No. 11,422,236, but on July 25, 2024, the Director of the United States Patent and Trademark Office remanded to the PTAB for further review of its decision not to institute.
Other than as set forth above, as of June 30, 2024 the Company is unable to estimate a possible loss or range of losses in respect to those disclosed matters.
Indemnification
From time to time, the Company enters into agreements in the ordinary course of business that include indemnification provisions. Generally, in these provisions the Company agrees to defend, indemnify, and hold harmless the indemnified parties for claims and losses suffered or incurred by such indemnified parties for which the Company is responsible under the applicable indemnification provisions. The terms of the indemnification provisions vary depending upon negotiations between the Company and its counterpart; however, typically, these indemnification obligations survive the term of the contract and the maximum potential amount of future payments the Company could be required to make pursuant to these provisions are uncapped.
The Company has also entered into indemnity agreements pursuant to which it has indemnified its directors and officers, to the extent legally permissible, against all liabilities reasonably incurred in connection with any action in which such individual may be involved by reason of such individual being or having been a director or executive officer, other than liabilities arising from willful misconduct of the individual. To date, the Company is indemnifying and has incurred costs to defend lawsuits or settle claims described above under the heading “Litigation” pursuant to the indemnity agreements of former directors and officers.
Note 9. Common Stock
Pursuant to the terms of the Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, the Company is authorized to issue the following shares and classes of capital stock, each with a par value of $0.0001 per share: (i) 100,000,000 shares of common stock; (ii) 100,000,000 shares of preferred stock. The holder of each share of common stock is entitled to one vote.
On April 29, 2022, the Company entered into an At-Market-Issuance Sales Agreement (the “ATM Agreement”) pursuant to which the Company may, subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the agreement offer and sell, from time to time, through or to the agents, acting as agent or principal, shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, having an aggregate offering price of up to $150.0 million.
During the three months ended June 30, 2024, the Company sold 1,489,300 shares of common stock under the ATM agreement at a weighted-average price of 10.68 per share, for net proceeds of $15.9 million which is net of sales commissions and other fees of approximately $0.5 million.
From the date of the ATM Agreement through June 30, 2024, the Company sold 5,495,117 shares at a weighted-average sales price of $9.17 per share, resulting in cumulative gross proceeds to the Company totaling approximately $52.0 million before deducting offering costs, sales commissions and fees. Cumulative net proceeds to the Company totaled approximately $50.4 million after deducting offering costs, sales commissions and fees. The Company plans to use the net proceeds from this offering for working capital and general corporate purposes.
The remaining availability under the ATM Agreement as of June 30, 2024 is approximately $98.0 million.
Note 10. Stock-based Compensation
As of June 30, 2024, the Company has five equity incentive plans: its Amended and Restated 2015 Stock Plan (the “2015 Plan”), the Sense Photonics, Inc. 2017 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Sense Plan”), the Velodyne Lidar, Inc. 2020 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Velodyne Plan”), its 2021 Incentive Award Plan (the “2021 Plan”) and its Amended and Restated 2022 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “2022 ESPP” and, collectively with the 2015 Plan, the Sense Plan, the Velodyne Plan and the 2021 Plan, the “Plans”).
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The Plans, other than the 2022 ESPP, provide for the grant of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards (“RSAs”), restricted stock units (“RSUs”), performance stock unit awards and other forms of equity compensation (collectively, “equity awards”). In addition, the 2021 Plan provides for the grant of performance bonus awards. New equity awards may only be granted under the Velodyne Plan and the 2021 Plan. Awards under the 2021 Plan and Velodyne Plan can be granted to employees, including officers, directors and consultants of the Company and its subsidiaries, in each case, within the limits provided in the 2021 Plan and Velodyne Plan, respectively.
The Company’s 2022 ESPP has been offered to all eligible employees since August 2022 and generally permits certain employees to purchase shares of our common stock through payroll deductions of up to 15% of their compensation of each offering period, subject to certain limitations.
The 2022 ESPP provides offering periods that have a duration of 24 months in length and are comprised of purchase periods of six months in length. The offering periods are scheduled to start on the first trading day on or after May 16 and November 16 of each year. Under the 2022 ESPP, the purchase price of a share under the ESPP equals 85% of the lesser of the fair market value of a share of common stock on either the first or last day of the applicable offering period or the last day of the applicable purchase period.
In May 2023, the Company increased the share purchase limit under the 2022 ESPP to 3,000 shares of Company common stock per offering period and added Velodyne Lidar, Inc. as a participating employer in the 2022 ESPP.
During the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, 184,079 shares of common stock were issued under the 2022 ESPP, at a price of $4.24 per share, which represented 85% of the market price of the common stock on November 16, 2023, the first day of the offering period, which was lower than the closing trading price of the common stock on the exercise date. As of June 30, 2024, 0.7 million shares of the Company’s common stock were pending issuance under the 2022 ESPP. The stock-based compensation expense is calculated as of the beginning of the offering period as the fair value of the 2022 ESPP shares utilizing the Black-Scholes option valuation model and is recognized over the offering period.
Stock option activity for the six months ended June 30, 2024 is as follows:
Number of
Shares
Underlying
Outstanding
Options
Weighted-
Average Exercise
Price per Share
Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term (in years)
Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
Outstanding—December 31, 20231,871,649 $7.36 6.72$6,191 
Options exercised(76,860)1.19 
Options cancelled(6,705)16.49 
Outstanding—June 30, 20241,788,084 $7.56 6.19$7,930 
Vested and expected to vest—June 30, 20241,788,084 $7.56 6.19$7,930 
Exercisable—June 30, 20241,659,069 $7.51 6.19$7,421 
The following table summarizes information about stock options outstanding and exercisable at June 30, 2024.
Options OutstandingOptions
Exercisable
Exercise
Price
Options
Outstanding
Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life (Years)
$1.85 212,684 6.02210,786 
2.13 809,709 6.26745,644 
14.22 752,408 6.25689,706 
52.40 13,238 3.6712,933 
1,788,039 1,659,069 
As of June 30, 2024, there was approximately $1.4 million of unamortized stock-based compensation expense related to unvested stock options that is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 0.3 years.
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Restricted Stock Units
A summary of RSU activity is as follows:
Number of
Shares
Weighted Average
Grant Date Fair
Value (per share)
Unvested—December 31, 20233,074,939 $13.19 
Granted2,334,378 9.77 
Canceled(127,957)17.19 
Vested(1,070,815)12.85 
Unvested—June 30, 20244,210,545 $11.26 
Stock compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period of each award of RSUs. As of June 30, 2024, total compensation expense related to unvested RSUs granted to employees, but not yet recognized, was $43.4 million, with a weighted-average remaining vesting period of 1.6 years. RSUs settle into shares of common stock upon vesting.
Restricted Stock Awards
A summary of RSA activity is as follows:
Number of
Shares
Weighted Average
Grant Date Fair
Value (per share)
Unvested—December 31, 2023380,383 $15.30 
Granted533,601 7.94 
Canceled  
Vested(187,610)12.66 
Unvested—June 30, 2024726,374 $10.58 
Stock compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period of each award of RSAs. As of June 30, 2024, total compensation expense related to unvested RSAs granted to employees, but not yet recognized, was $5.5 million, with a weighted-average remaining vesting period of 1.2 years. The common stock comprising RSAs is issued at grant but, generally, is subject to a risk of forfeiture if the holder terminates service with the Company and its subsidiaries prior to vesting.
Stock-Based Compensation Expense
The Company recognized stock-based compensation expense for all share-based awards in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss as follows (in thousands):
Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
2024202320242023
Cost of revenue$1,210 $654 $2,123 $1,428 
Research and development4,650 8,204 8,838 15,709 
Sales and marketing1,492 3,500 2,892 6,381 
General and administrative3,343 4,108 6,246 14,728 
Total stock-based compensation$10,695 $16,466 $20,099 $38,246 
The following table summarizes stock-based compensation expense by award type (in thousands):
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Three Months Ended June 30,