PCB BANCORP [PCB] Filings

10-Q 1 pcb-20240331.htm 10-Q pcb-20240331

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark one)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2024

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission file number 001-38621

PCB BANCORP

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


California			20-8856755
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)			(IRS Employer Identification No.)

3701 Wilshire Boulevard, Suite 900, Los Angeles, California 90010

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

(213) 210-2000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Not Applicable

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, no par value	PCB	Nasdaq Global Select Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (Section 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer

☐

Accelerated filer

☒

Non-accelerated filer

☐

Smaller reporting company

☒

Emerging growth company

☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.) Yes ☐ No ☒

As of April 30, 2024, the registrant had outstanding 14,266,937 shares of common stock.

PCB Bancorp and Subsidiary

Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q

March 31, 2024

Table of Contents


Part I - Financial Information

Item 1.	Consolidated Financial Statements	4

	Consolidated Balance Sheets - March 3 1, 2024 (Unaudited) and December 31, 202 3	4
	Consolidated Statements of Income (Unaudited) - Three Months Ended March 31, 20 24 and 2023	5
	Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited) - Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 and 2023	6
	Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity (Unaudited) - Three Months Ended March 31, 20 24 and 2023	7
	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) - Three Months Ended March 31, 202 4 and 2023	8
	Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)	10

Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	37

Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	56

Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	57

Part II - Other Information

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	58

Item 1A.	Risk Factors	58

Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	59

Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	59

Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	59

Item 5.	Other Information	59

Item 6.	Exhibits	60

Signatures		61

Forward-looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements which reflect current views of PCB Bancorp (collectively, with its consolidated subsidiary, the “Company,” “we,” “us” or “our”) with respect to, among other things, future events and our financial performance. These statements are often, but not always, made through the use of words or phrases such as “may,” “might,” “should,” “could,” “predict,” “potential,” “believe,” “expect,” “continue,” “will,” “anticipate,” “seek,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,” “projection,” “goal,” “target,” “aim,” “would,” and “annualized” and “outlook,” or the negative version of those words or other comparable words or phrases of a future or forward-looking nature. These forward-looking statements are not historical facts, and are based on current expectations, estimates and projections about our business and industry, management’s beliefs and certain assumptions made by management, many of which, by their nature, are inherently uncertain and beyond our control. Accordingly, we caution you that any such forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to risks, assumptions, estimates and uncertainties that are difficult to predict. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in these forward-looking statements are reasonable as of the date made, actual results may prove to be materially different from the results expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements.

A number of important factors could cause our actual results to differ materially from those indicated in these forward-looking statements, but are not limited to, the following:

•business and economic conditions, particularly those affecting the financial services industry and our primary market areas and arising from recent inflationary pressures and governmental and societal responses thereto;

•our ability to successfully manage our credit risk and the sufficiency of our allowance for credit loss;

•factors that can impact the performance of our loan portfolio, including real estate values and liquidity in our primary market areas, the financial health of our commercial borrowers and the success of construction projects that we finance;

•governmental monetary and fiscal policies, and changes in market interest rates;

•the current inflationary environment and government and regulatory responses thereto;

•adverse developments at other banks, including bank failures, that impact general sentiment regarding the stability and liquidity of banks and may affect our customers’ behavior and our stock price;

•the significant portion of our loan portfolio that is comprised of real estate loans;

•our ability to attract and retain Korean-American customers;

•our ability to identify and address cyber-security risks, fraud and systems errors;

•our ability to effectively execute our strategic plan and manage our growth;

•changes in our senior management team and our ability to attract, motivate and retain qualified personnel;

•cyber-attacks, ransomware attacks, computer viruses or other malware that may breach the security of our websites or other systems to obtain unauthorized access to confidential information, destroy data, disable or degrade service, or sabotage our systems;

•liquidity issues, including fluctuations in the fair value and liquidity of the securities we hold and our ability to raise additional capital, if necessary;

•costs and obligations associated with operating as a public company;

•effects of competition from a wide variety of local, regional, national and other providers of financial, investment and insurance services;

•the effects of severe weather, natural disasters, acts of war or terrorism, health epidemics or pandemics (or expectations about them) and other external events on our business;

•the impact of any claims or legal actions to which we may be subject, including any effect on our reputation; and

•changes in federal tax laws or policies.

The foregoing factors should not be construed as exhaustive and should be read together with the other cautionary statements and the risks described under “Part I. Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 and our other documents that we file with the United States (“U.S.”) Securities Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Because of these risks and other uncertainties, our actual future results, performance or achievement, or industry results, may be materially different from the results indicated by the forward looking statements in this report. In addition, our past results of operations are not necessarily indicative of our future results. You should not rely on any forward looking statements, which represent our beliefs, assumptions and estimates only as of the dates on which they were made, as predictions of future events. Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which it is initially made, and we do not undertake any obligation to update or review any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise.

Part I - Financial Information

Item 1 - Consolidated Financial Statements

PCB Bancorp and Subsidiary

Consolidated Balance Sheets

($ in thousands, except share data)


	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
	(Unaudited)
Assets
Cash and due from banks	$	29,432	$	26,518
Interest-bearing deposits in other financial institutions	210,359		215,824
Total cash and cash equivalents	239,791		242,342
Securities available-for-sale, at fair value (amortized cost of $152,649 and $156,175, respectively, and allowance for credit losses of $0 and $0, respectively, at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023)	138,170		143,323
Loans held-for-sale, at lower of cost or fair value	3,256		5,155
Loans held-for-investment, net of deferred fees and costs	2,397,964		2,323,452
Allowance for credit losses on loans	(28,332)		(27,533)
Net loans held-for-investment	2,369,632		2,295,919
Premises and equipment, net	8,892		5,999
Federal Home Loan Bank and other restricted stock, at cost	12,716		12,716
Other real estate owned, net	—		2,558
Bank-owned life insurance	31,045		30,817

Servicing assets	6,544		6,666
Operating lease assets	18,255		18,913
Accrued interest receivable	10,394		9,468
Other assets	15,597		15,630
Total assets	$	2,854,292	$	2,789,506
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity
Deposits:
Noninterest-bearing demand	$	538,380	$	594,673
Savings, NOW and money market accounts	483,607		421,203
Time deposits of $250,000 or less	771,303		760,034
Time deposits of more than $250,000	609,550		575,702
Total deposits	2,402,840		2,351,612
Federal Home Loan Bank advances	50,000		39,000
Deferred tax liabilities, net	266		876
Operating lease liabilities	19,555		20,137
Accrued interest payable and other liabilities	31,626		29,009
Total liabilities	2,504,287		2,440,634
Commitments and contingencies
Preferred stock, 10,000,000 shares authorized, no par value:
Series C, senior non-cumulative perpetual, $1,000 per share liquidation preference, 69,141 and 69,141 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.	69,141		69,141
Common stock, 60,000,000 shares authorized, no par value; 14,263,791 and 14,260,440 shares issued and outstanding, respectively, and included 25,400 and 41,661 shares of unvested restricted stock, respectively, at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023	142,734		142,563
Retained earnings	148,209		146,092
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net	(10,079)		(8,924)
Total shareholders’ equity	350,005		348,872
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	2,854,292	$	2,789,506

See Accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

PCB Bancorp and Subsidiary

Consolidated Statements of Income (Unaudited)

($ in thousands, except share and per share data)


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Interest and dividend income:
Loans, including fees	$	39,251	$	31,229
Tax-exempt investment securities	28		34
Taxable investment securities	1,218		1,068
Other interest-earning assets	3,058		2,205
Total interest income	43,555		34,536
Interest expense:
Deposits	21,967		11,913
Other borrowings	589		209
Total interest expense	22,556		12,122
Net interest income	20,999		22,414
Provision (reversal) for credit losses	1,090		(2,778)
Net interest income after provision (reversal) for credit losses	19,909		25,192
Noninterest income:
Service charges and fees on deposits	378		344
Loan servicing income	919		860
Bank-owned life insurance income	228		180
Gain on sale of loans	1,078		1,309

Other income	342		328
Total noninterest income	2,945		3,021
Noninterest expense:
Salaries and employee benefits	9,218		8,928
Occupancy and equipment	2,358		1,896
Professional fees	1,084		732
Marketing and business promotion	319		372
Data processing	402		412
Director fees and expenses	232		180
Regulatory assessments	298		155
Other expense	2,441		1,079
Total noninterest expense	16,352		13,754
Income before income taxes	6,502		14,459
Income tax expense	1,817		4,162
Net income	$	4,685	$	10,297

Earnings per common share, basic	$	0.33	$	0.71
Earnings per common share, diluted	$	0.33	$	0.70

Weighted-average common shares outstanding, basic	14,235,419		14,419,155
Weighted-average common shares outstanding, diluted	14,330,204		14,574,929

See Accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

PCB Bancorp and Subsidiary

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited)

($ in thousands)


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Net income	$	4,685	$	10,297
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Unrealized gain (loss) on securities available-for-sale arising during the period	(1,627)		2,028
Income tax benefit (expense) related to items of other comprehensive income (loss)	472		(599)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	(1,155)		1,429
Total comprehensive income	$	3,530	$	11,726

See Accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

PCB Bancorp and Subsidiary

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity (Unaudited)

($ in thousands, except share and per share data)


	Three Months Ended
	Shares Outstanding		Shareholders’ Equity
	Preferred Stock	Common Stock	Preferred Stock		Common Stock		Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Total
Balance at January 1, 2023	69,141	14,625,474	$	69,141	$	149,631	$	127,181	$	(10,511)	$	335,442
Cumulative effect adjustment upon adoption of ASC 326	—	—	—		—		(1,886)		—		(1,886)
Adjusted balance at January 1, 2023	69,141	14,625,474	69,141		149,631		125,295		(10,511)		333,556
Comprehensive income
Net income	—	—	—		—		10,297		—		10,297
Other comprehensive income, net of tax	—	—	—		—		—		1,429		1,429





Repurchase of common stock	—	(385,381)	—		(6,845)		—		—		(6,845)
Share-based compensation expense	—	—	—		120		—		—		120
Stock options exercised	—	57,777	—		450		—		—		450
Cash dividends declared on common stock ($0.15 per share)	—	—	—		—		(2,177)		—		(2,177)
Balance at March 31, 2023	69,141	14,297,870	$	69,141	$	143,356	$	133,415	$	(9,082)	$	336,830

Balance at January 1, 2024	69,141	14,260,440	$	69,141	$	142,563	$	146,092	$	(8,924)	$	348,872
Comprehensive income (loss)
Net income	—	—	—		—		4,685		—		4,685
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax	—	—	—		—		—		(1,155)		(1,155)






Share-based compensation expense	—	—	—		136		—		—		136
Stock options exercised	—	3,351	—		35		—		—		35
Cash dividends declared on common stock ($0.18 per share)	—	—	—		—		(2,568)		—		(2,568)
Balance at March 31, 2024	69,141	14,263,791	$	69,141	$	142,734	$	148,209	$	(10,079)	$	350,005

See Accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

PCB Bancorp and Subsidiary

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)

($ in thousands)


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income	$	4,685	$	10,297
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation of premises and equipment	551		559
Net amortization of premiums on securities	41		57
Net accretion of discounts on loans	(573)		(671)
Net accretion of deferred loan fees	(334)		(175)
Amortization of servicing assets	374		423
Provision (reversal) for credit losses	1,090		(2,778)
Bank-owned life insurance income	(228)		(180)
Deferred tax benefit	(138)		(449)
Stock-based compensation	136		120

Gain on sale of loans	(1,078)		(1,309)
Originations of loans held-for-sale	(19,075)		(22,741)
Proceeds from sales of and principal collected on loans held-for-sale	22,400		28,929
Change in accrued interest receivable and other assets	(2,117)		3,840
Change in accrued interest payable and other liabilities	2,512		2,296
Net cash provided by operating activities	8,246		18,218
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchase of securities available-for-sale	—		(4,908)

Proceeds from maturities and paydowns of securities available-for-sale	3,485		4,077
Proceeds from principal collected on loans held-for-sale previously classified as held-for-investment	—		5,074
Net change in loans held-for-investment	(74,328)		(30,244)
Purchase of loans held-for-investment	—		(15,741)

Proceeds from sale of other real estate owned	2,571		—
Purchases of premises and equipment	(2,220)		(122)

Net cash used in investing activities	(70,492)		(41,864)
Cash flows from financing activities
Net change in deposits	51,228		95,706
Net change in short-term Federal Home Loan Bank advances	—		(20,000)
Proceeds from long-term Federal Home Loan Bank advances	50,000		—
Repayment of long-term Federal Home Loan Bank advances	(39,000)		—
Stock options exercised	35		450



Repurchase of common stock	—		(6,845)
Cash dividends paid on common stock	(2,568)		(2,177)
Net cash provided by financing activities	59,695		67,134
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	(2,551)		43,488
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	242,342		147,031
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	239,791	$	190,519

See Accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

PCB Bancorp and Subsidiary

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, Continued (Unaudited)

($ in thousands)


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
Interest paid	$	23,866	$	7,954
Income taxes paid	14		56
Supplemental disclosures of non-cash investment activities:


Right of use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations	$	—	$	195

See Accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

PCB Bancorp and Subsidiary

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 1 - Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies

Nature of Operations

PCB Bancorp is a bank holding company whose subsidiary is PCB Bank (the “Bank”), which is a single operating segment. The Company changed its subsidiary name from Pacific City Bank to PCB Bank on August 25, 2022. As of March 31, 2024, the Bank operated 11 full-service branches in Los Angeles and Orange counties, California, three full-service branches on the East Coast (Bayside, New York; and Englewood Cliffs and Palisades Park, New Jersey), and two full-service branches in Texas (Carrollton and Dallas), and seven loan production offices (“LPOs”) in Los Angeles and Orange Counties, California; Annandale, Virginia; Atlanta, Georgia; Aurora, Colorado; Bellevue, Washington; and Carrollton, Texas. The Bank offers a broad range of loans, deposits, and other products and services predominantly to small and middle market businesses and individuals.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared pursuant to Article 10 of SEC Regulation S-X and other SEC rules and regulations for reporting on the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Accordingly, certain disclosures required by U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) are not included herein. These interim statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 filed by the Company with the SEC. The December 31, 2023 balance sheet presented herein has been derived from the audited financial statements included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 filed with the SEC, but does not include all of the disclosures required by GAAP for complete financial statements.

In the opinion of management of the Company, the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements reflect all of the adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) necessary for a fair presentation of the consolidated financial condition and consolidated results of operations as of the dates and for the periods presented. Certain reclassifications have been made in the prior period financial statements to conform to the current period presentation. The results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2024.

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of PCB Bancorp and its wholly owned subsidiary as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, and for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. Significant inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Unless the context requires otherwise, all references to the Company include its wholly owned subsidiary.

Significant Accounting Policies

The accounting and reporting policies of the Company are based upon GAAP and conform to predominant practices within the banking industry. The Company has not made any significant changes in its critical accounting policies from those disclosed in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 filed with the SEC.

Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. These estimates are subject to change and such change could have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements. Actual results may differ from those estimates.

Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, there were no significant accounting pronouncements applicable to the Company that were adopted or became effective.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

The following recently issued accounting pronouncement applicable to the Company has not yet been adopted:

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 780) - Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures.” The amendments in this ASU requires public entities to disclose in their rate reconciliation table additional categories of information about federal, state and foreign income taxes and to provide more details about the reconciling items in some categories if items meet a quantitative threshold. This ASU also requires all entities to disclose income taxes paid, net of refunds, disaggregated by federal, state and foreign taxes for annual periods and to disaggregate the information by jurisdiction based on a quantitative threshold, among other things. This ASU is effective for the Company for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024 with early adoption permitted. The Company will update its income tax disclosure upon adoption.

Note 2 - Fair Value Measurements

Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value including a three-level valuation hierarchy, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. Fair value is the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (i.e. an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. The three-level fair value hierarchy requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value are defined as follows:

•Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the entity has the ability to access as of the measurement date.

•Level 2: Significant observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

•Level 3: Significant unobservable inputs that reflect a reporting entity’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.

Fair value is measured on a recurring basis for certain assets and liabilities in which fair value is the primary basis of accounting. Additionally, fair value is used on a non-recurring basis to evaluate certain assets or liabilities for impairment or for disclosure purposes. Categorization within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company records securities available-for-sale at fair value on a recurring basis. Certain other assets, such as loans held-for-sale, loans individually evaluated, servicing assets and other real estate owned (“OREO”) are recorded at fair value on a non-recurring basis. Non-recurring fair value measurements typically involve assets that are periodically evaluated for impairment and for which any impairment is recorded in the period in which the re-measurement is performed. The following is a description of valuation methodologies used for assets and liabilities recorded at fair value:

Investment securities: The fair values of securities available-for-sale are determined by obtaining quoted prices on nationally recognized securities exchanges (Level 1) or matrix pricing, which is a mathematical technique used widely in the industry to value debt securities without relying exclusively on quoted prices for specific securities but rather by relying on the securities’ relationship to other benchmark quoted securities (Level 2). Management reviews the valuation techniques and assumptions used by the provider and determines that the provider uses widely accepted valuation techniques based on observable market inputs appropriate for the type of security being measured. Securities held-to-maturity are not measured at fair value on a recurring basis.

Loans held-for-sale: The Company records SBA loans held-for-sale, residential property loans held-for-sale and certain non-residential real estate loans held-for-sale at the lower of cost or fair value, on an aggregate basis. The Company obtains fair values from a third party independent valuation service provider. Loans held-for-sale accounted for at the lower of cost or fair value are considered to be recognized at fair value when they are recorded at below cost, on an aggregate basis, and are classified as Level 2.

Loans individually evaluated: Certain collateral-dependent loans individually evaluated are recognized at fair value when they reflect partial write-downs, through charge-offs or specific reserve allowances, that are based on the current appraised or market-quoted value of the underlying collateral. In some cases, the properties for which market quotes or appraised values have been obtained are located in areas where comparable sales data is limited, outdated, or unavailable. Fair value estimates for collateral-dependent loans individually evaluated are obtained from real estate brokers or other third-party consultants, and are classified as Level 3.

Other real estate owned: The Company initially records OREO at fair value at the time of foreclosure. Thereafter, OREO is recorded at the lower of cost or fair value based on their subsequent changes in fair value. The fair value of OREO is generally based on recent real estate appraisals adjusted for estimated selling costs. These appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including comparable sales and the income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by the appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available. Such adjustments may be significant and result in a Level 3 classification due to the unobservable inputs used for determining fair value. Only OREO with a valuation allowance are considered to be carried at fair value.

Servicing Assets: Servicing assets represent the value associated with servicing loans that have been sold. The fair value for servicing assets is determined through discounted cash flow analysis and utilizes discount rates and prepayment speed assumptions as inputs. All of these assumptions require a significant degree of management estimation and judgment. The fair market valuation is performed on a quarterly basis for servicing assets. Servicing assets are accounted for at the lower of cost or market value and considered to be recognized at fair value when they are recorded at below cost and are classified as Level 3.

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The following table presents the Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of dates indicated:


	Fair Value Measurement Level
($ in thousands)	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total
March 31, 2024
Securities available-for-sale:
U.S. government agency and U.S. government sponsored enterprise securities:
Residential mortgage-backed securities	$	—	$	100,183	$	—	$	100,183
Residential collateralized mortgage obligations	—		23,428		—		23,428
SBA loan pool securities	—		7,129		—		7,129
Municipal bonds	—		3,280		—		3,280
Corporate bonds	—		4,150		—		4,150
Total securities available-for-sale	—		138,170		—		138,170
Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis	$	—	$	138,170	$	—	$	138,170
Total liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
December 31, 2023
Securities available-for-sale:
U.S. government agency and U.S. government sponsored enterprise securities:
Residential mortgage-backed securities	$	—	$	104,091	$	—	$	104,091
Residential collateralized mortgage obligations	—		24,173		—		24,173
SBA loan pool securities	—		7,450		—		7,450
Municipal bonds	—		3,329		—		3,329
Corporate bonds	—		4,280		—		4,280
Total securities available-for-sale	—		143,323		—		143,323
Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis	$	—	$	143,323	$	—	$	143,323
Total liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Non-Recurring Basis

The following table presents the Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis as of dates indicated:


	Fair Value Measurement Level
($ in thousands)	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total
March 31, 2024
Loans individually evaluated:
Business property	$	—	$	—	$	463	$	463


Total loans individually evaluated	—		—		463		463


Total assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis	$	—	$	—	$	463	$	463
Total liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
December 31, 2023
Loans individually evaluated:
Business property	$	—	$	—	$	425	$	425


Total loans individually evaluated	—		—		425		425
Total assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis	$	—	$	—	$	425	$	425
Total liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

The following table presents quantitative information about level 3 fair value measurements for assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis as of the date indicated:

($ in thousands)

Fair Value

Valuation Technique(s)

Unobservable Input(s)

Range (Weighted-Average)

March 31, 2024

Loans individually evaluated:

Business property

463

Fair value of collateral

December 31, 2023

Loans individually evaluated:

Business property

425

Fair value of collateral

The following table presents gains or losses, including charge-offs, recoveries, and specific reserves recorded, for assets measured at fair value for the periods indicated:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
($ in thousands)	2024		2023
Loans individually evaluated:

Business property	$	13	$	(29)
Commercial and industrial	—		1,074




Net gains recognized	$	13	$	1,045

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The following table presents the carrying value and estimated fair values of financial assets and liabilities as of the dates indicated:


	Carrying Value		Fair Value		Fair Value Measurements
($ in thousands)					Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
March 31, 2024
Financial assets:
Interest-bearing deposits in other financial institutions	$	210,359	$	210,359	$	210,359	$	—	$	—
Securities available-for-sale	138,170		138,170		—		138,170		—
Loans held-for-sale	3,256		3,498		—		3,498		—
Net loans held-for-investment	2,369,632		2,285,874		—		—		2,285,874
Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) and other restricted stock	12,716		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A
Accrued interest receivable	10,394		10,394		348		452		9,594
Financial liabilities:
Deposits	$	2,402,840	$	2,406,788	$	—	$	—	$	2,406,788
FHLB advances	50,000		50,030		—		50,030		—
Accrued interest payable	16,742		16,742		—		46		16,696
December 31, 2023
Financial assets:
Interest-bearing deposits in other financial institutions	$	215,824	$	215,824	$	215,824	$	—	$	—
Securities available-for-sale	143,323		143,323		—		143,323		—
Loans held-for-sale	5,155		5,472		—		5,472		—
Net loans held-for-investment	2,295,919		2,225,573		—		—		2,225,573
FHLB and other restricted stock	12,716		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A
Accrued interest receivable	9,468		9,468		128		513		8,827
Financial liabilities:
Deposits	$	2,351,612	$	2,353,465	$	—	$	—	$	2,353,465
FHLB advances	39,000		39,013		—		39,013		—
Accrued interest payable	18,052		18,052		—		192		17,860

Note 3 - Investment Securities

The following table presents the amortized cost and fair value of the securities available-for-sale as of the dates indicated:


($ in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gain		Gross Unrealized Loss		Fair Value
March 31, 2024
Securities available-for-sale:
U.S. government agency and U.S. government sponsored enterprise securities:
Residential mortgage-backed securities	$	111,860	$	87	$	(11,764)	$	100,183
Residential collateralized mortgage obligations	25,002		54		(1,628)		23,428
SBA loan pool securities	7,480		3		(354)		7,129
Municipal bonds	3,307		3		(30)		3,280
Corporate bonds	5,000		—		(850)		4,150
Total securities available-for-sale	$	152,649	$	147	$	(14,626)	$	138,170
December 31, 2023
Securities available-for-sale:
U.S. government agency and U.S. government sponsored enterprise securities:
Residential mortgage-backed securities	$	114,485	$	199	$	(10,593)	$	104,091
Residential collateralized mortgage obligations	25,611		63		(1,501)		24,173
SBA loan pool securities	7,773		3		(326)		7,450
Municipal bonds	3,306		25		(2)		3,329
Corporate bonds	5,000		—		(720)		4,280
Total securities available-for-sale	$	156,175	$	290	$	(13,142)	$	143,323

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, pledged securities were $74.5 million and $70.9 million, respectively. These securities were pledged for the State Deposit from the California State Treasurer.

The Company elected to exclude accrued interest receivable from the amortized cost of its securities available-for-sale. Accrued interest receivable on securities available-for-sale totaled $452 thousand and $513 thousand at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, there were no holdings of securities available-for-sale of any one issuer, other than the U.S. government agency and U.S. government sponsored enterprise, in an amount greater than 10% of shareholder’s equity.

The following table presents the amortized cost and fair value of the securities available-for-sale by contractual maturity as of the date indicated. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities, if borrowers have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Securities not due at a single maturity date are shown separately.


	March 31, 2024
($ in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Fair Value
Within one year	$	862	$	861
One to five years	82		80
Five to ten years	5,725		4,871
Greater than ten years	1,638		1,618
Residential mortgage-backed securities, residential collateralized mortgage obligations and SBA loan pool securities	144,342		130,740
Total	$	152,649	$	138,170

The Company had no proceeds from sales and calls of securities available-for-sale for the three months ended March 31, 2024 or 2023.

The following table summarizes the investment securities with unrealized losses by security type and length of time in a continuous unrealized loss position for which an allowance for credit losses (“ACL”) was not recorded as of the dates indicated:


	Length of Time that Individual Securities Have Been In a Continuous Unrealized Loss Position
	Less Than 12 Months					12 Months or Longer					Total
($ in thousands)	Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		Number of Securities	Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		Number of Securities	Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		Number of Securities
March 31, 2024
Securities available-for-sale:
U.S. government agency and U.S. government sponsored enterprise securities:
Residential mortgage-backed securities	$	6,936	$	(88)	10	$	82,428	$	(11,676)	112	$	89,364	$	(11,764)	122
Residential collateralized mortgage obligations	5,663		(41)		4	13,283		(1,587)		35	18,946		(1,628)		39
SBA loan pool securities	—		—		—	6,349		(354)		14	6,349		(354)		14
Municipal bonds	1,505		(27)		4	440		(3)		2	1,945		(30)		6
Corporate bonds	—		—		—	4,150		(850)		1	4,150		(850)		1
Total securities available-for-sale	$	14,104	$	(156)	18	$	106,650	$	(14,470)	164	$	120,754	$	(14,626)	182
December 31, 2023
Securities available-for-sale:
U.S. government agency and U.S. government sponsored enterprise securities:
Residential mortgage-backed securities	$	9,252	$	(41)	8	$	78,958	$	(10,552)	110	$	88,210	$	(10,593)	118
Residential collateralized mortgage obligations	5,660		(62)		4	13,919		(1,439)		35	19,579		(1,501)		39
SBA loan pool securities	—		—		—	6,627		(326)		14	6,627		(326)		14
Municipal bonds	81		—		1	362		(2)		1	443		(2)		2
Corporate bonds	—		—		—	4,280		(720)		1	4,280		(720)		1
Total securities available-for-sale	$	14,993	$	(103)	13	$	104,146	$	(13,040)	161	$	119,139	$	(13,142)	174

As of March 31, 2024, 94.6%, at amortized cost basis, of the Company's securities available-for-sale were issued by U.S. government agency and U.S. government sponsored enterprise. Because the decline in fair value is attributable to changes in interest rates and illiquidity, and not credit quality, and because the Company does not have the intent to sell these securities and it is likely that it will not be required to sell these securities before their anticipated recovery, the Company determined that these securities with unrealized losses did not warrant an ACL.

Municipal and corporate bonds had an investment grade rating upon purchase. The issuers of these securities have not established any cause for default on these securities and various rating agencies have reaffirmed their long-term investment grade status as of March 31, 2024. These securities have fluctuated in value since their purchase dates as market interest rates fluctuated. The Company does not intend to sell these securities and it is more likely than not that the Company will not be required to sell before the recovery of its amortized cost basis. The Company therefore determined that the investment securities with unrealized losses did not warrant an ACL as of March 31, 2024.

As of March 31, 2024, the Company recorded no ACL on securities available-for-sale.

Note 4 - Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans

Loans Held-For-Investment

The following table presents the composition of the Company’s loans held-for-investment as of the dates indicated.


($ in thousands)	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Commercial real estate:
Commercial property	$	874,300	$	855,270
Business property	578,903		558,772
Multifamily	131,742		132,500
Construction	29,212		24,843
Total commercial real estate	1,614,157		1,571,385
Commercial and industrial	371,934		342,002
Consumer:
Residential mortgage	389,888		389,420
Other consumer	21,985		20,645
Total consumer	411,873		410,065
Loans held-for-investment	2,397,964		2,323,452
Allowance for credit losses on loans	(28,332)		(27,533)
Net loans held-for-investment	$	2,369,632	$	2,295,919

In the ordinary course of business, the Company may grant loans to certain officers and directors, and the companies with which they are associated. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had $109 thousand and $111 thousand of such loans outstanding, respectively,

Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans

The following table presents a composition of provision (reversal) for credit losses for the periods indicated:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
($ in thousands)	2024		2023
Provision (reversal) for credit losses on loans	$	922	$	(2,417)
Provision (reversal) for credit losses on off-balance sheet credit exposures	168		(361)
Total provision (reversal) for credit losses	$	1,090	$	(2,778)

The following table presents the activities in ACL on loans for the periods indicated:


($ in thousands)	Commercial Property		Business Property		Multifamily		Construction		Commercial and Industrial		Residential Mortgage		Other Consumer		Total
Balance at January 1, 2024	$	12,665	$	4,739	$	1,441	$	135	$	6,245	$	2,226	$	82	$	27,533
Charge-offs	—		—		—		—		(155)		—		(30)		(185)
Recoveries	—		2		—		—		9		—		51		62
Provision (reversal) for credit losses on loans	(546)		73		(126)		(26)		1,489		108		(50)		922
Balance at March 31, 2024	$	12,119	$	4,814	$	1,315	$	109	$	7,588	$	2,334	$	53	$	28,332

Balance at January 1, 2023	$	8,502	$	5,749	$	1,134	$	151	$	5,502	$	3,691	$	213	$	24,942
Impact of ASC 326 adoption	(1,762)		896		256		—		4,344		(2,534)		(133)		1,067
Charge-offs	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Recoveries	—		5		—		—		1,085		—		12		1,102
Provision (reversal) for credit losses on loans	1,736		(581)		(9)		5		(3,617)		57		(8)		(2,417)
Balance at March 31, 2023	$	8,476	$	6,069	$	1,381	$	156	$	7,314	$	1,214	$	84	$	24,694

The increase in overall ACL for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was primarily due to an increase in loans held-for-investment.

Credit Quality Indicators

The Company classifies loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt, such as current financial information, historical payment experience, collateral adequacy, credit documentation, and current economic trends, among other factors. The Company analyzes loans individually by classifying the loans in regards to credit risk. This analysis typically includes non-homogeneous loans, such as commercial property and commercial and industrial loans, and is performed on an ongoing basis as new information is obtained. The Company uses the following definitions for risk ratings:

Pass - Loans classified as pass include non-homogeneous loans not meeting the risk ratings defined below and smaller, homogeneous loans not assessed on an individual basis.

Special Mention - Loans classified as special mention have a potential weakness that deserves management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in the deterioration of repayment prospects for the loan or of the institution’s credit position at some future date.

Substandard - Loans classified as substandard are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans classified as substandard have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the institution will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.

Doubtful - Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or repayment in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable.

The following table summarizes the Company’s loans held-for-investment by loan segment, internal risk ratings and vintage year as of March 31, 2024 and gross write offs for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The vintage year is the year of origination, renewal or major modification. Revolving loans that are converted to term loans presented in the table below are excluded from the Term Loans by Origination Year columns.


	Term Loans by Origination Year												Revolving Loans		Revolving Loans Converted to Term
($ in thousands)	2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior						Total
March 31, 2024
Commercial Real Estate:
Commercial property
Pass	$	43,270	$	153,834	$	265,870	$	155,402	$	79,651	$	158,912	$	14,358	$	—	$	871,297
Special mention	—		—		—		481		—		240		—		—		721
Substandard	—		—		—		—		—		2,282		—		—		2,282
Doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	43,270	$	153,834	$	265,870	$	155,883	$	79,651	$	161,434	$	14,358	$	—	$	874,300
Current period gross write offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Business property
Pass	$	29,660	$	102,866	$	102,981	$	159,474	$	48,997	$	125,262	$	1,239	$	4,298	$	574,777
Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard	—		—		622		194		499		2,811		—		—		4,126
Doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	29,660	$	102,866	$	103,603	$	159,668	$	49,496	$	128,073	$	1,239	$	4,298	$	578,903
Current period gross write offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Multifamily
Pass	$	—	$	14,173	$	40,433	$	42,565	$	26,294	$	8,277	$	—	$	—	$	131,742
Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	—	$	14,173	$	40,433	$	42,565	$	26,294	$	8,277	$	—	$	—	$	131,742
Current period gross write offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Construction
Pass	$	—	$	7,348	$	10,187	$	—	$	7,500	$	4,177	$	—	$	—	$	29,212
Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	—	$	7,348	$	10,187	$	—	$	7,500	$	4,177	$	—	$	—	$	29,212
Current period gross write offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—


	Term Loans by Origination Year												Revolving Loans		Revolving Loans Converted to Term
($ in thousands)	2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior						Total
March 31, 2024 (Continued)
Commercial and Industrial
Pass	$	10,924	$	76,833	$	27,387	$	11,165	$	3,911	$	13,931	$	222,924	$	3,558	$	370,633
Special mention	—		—		—		—		380		—		—		—		380
Substandard	—		—		—		—		—		921		—		—		921
Doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	10,924	$	76,833	$	27,387	$	11,165	$	4,291	$	14,852	$	222,924	$	3,558	$	371,934
Current period gross write offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	150	$	—	$	5	$	—	$	—	$	155
Consumer
Residential mortgage
Pass	$	7,359	$	78,711	$	160,422	$	77,750	$	11,146	$	54,064	$	—	$	—	$	389,452
Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard	—		—		—		—		—		436		—		—		436
Doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	7,359	$	78,711	$	160,422	$	77,750	$	11,146	$	54,500	$	—	$	—	$	389,888
Current period gross write offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Other consumer
Pass	$	30	$	4,195	$	6,765	$	2,760	$	1,022	$	288	$	6,919	$	—	$	21,979
Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard	—		—		—		—		6		—		—		—		6
Doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	30	$	4,195	$	6,765	$	2,760	$	1,028	$	288	$	6,919	$	—	$	21,985
Current period gross write offs	$	—	$	12	$	15	$	—	$	3	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	30
Total loans held-for-investment
Pass	$	91,243	$	437,960	$	614,045	$	449,116	$	178,521	$	364,911	$	245,440	$	7,856	$	2,389,092
Special mention	—		—		—		481		380		240		—		—		1,101
Substandard	—		—		622		194		505		6,450		—		—		7,771
Doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	91,243	$	437,960	$	614,667	$	449,791	$	179,406	$	371,601	$	245,440	$	7,856	$	2,397,964
Current period gross write offs	$	—	$	12	$	15	$	150	$	3	$	5	$	—	$	—	$	185

The following table summarize the Company’s loans held-for-investment by loan segment, internal risk ratings and vintage year as of December 31, 2023. The vintage year is the year of origination, renewal or major modification. Revolving loans that are converted to term loans presented in the table below are excluded from term loans by vintage year columns.


	Term Loans by Origination Year												Revolving Loans		Revolving Loans Converted to Term
($ in thousands)	2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior						Total
December 31, 2023
Commercial Real Estate:
Commercial property
Pass	$	154,563	$	268,369	$	155,817	$	83,461	$	70,425	$	107,879	$	8,807	$	—	$	849,321
Special mention	—		—		484		—		—		2,952		—		—		3,436
Substandard	—		—		—		—		311		2,202		—		—		2,513
Doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	154,563	$	268,369	$	156,301	$	83,461	$	70,736	$	113,033	$	8,807	$	—	$	855,270

Business property
Pass	$	103,364	$	103,549	$	163,136	$	50,362	$	69,852	$	59,765	$	882	$	4,327	$	555,237
Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard	—		452		193		—		2,254		636		—		—		3,535
Doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	103,364	$	104,001	$	163,329	$	50,362	$	72,106	$	60,401	$	882	$	4,327	$	558,772

Multifamily
Pass	$	14,219	$	40,618	$	42,848	$	26,472	$	2,419	$	5,924	$	—	$	—	$	132,500
Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	14,219	$	40,618	$	42,848	$	26,472	$	2,419	$	5,924	$	—	$	—	$	132,500

Construction
Pass	$	4,617	$	9,120	$	—	$	7,500	$	3,606	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	24,843
Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	4,617	$	9,120	$	—	$	7,500	$	3,606	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	24,843


	Term Loans by Origination Year												Revolving Loans		Revolving Loans Converted to Term
($ in thousands)	2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior						Total
December 31, 2023 (Continued)
Commercial and Industrial
Pass	$	77,957	$	28,638	$	11,950	$	4,354	$	6,323	$	8,327	$	198,010	$	3,796	$	339,355
Special mention	—		—		—		379		314		27		1,000		—		1,720
Substandard	—		—		—		—		142		785		—		—		927
Doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	77,957	$	28,638	$	11,950	$	4,733	$	6,779	$	9,139	$	199,010	$	3,796	$	342,002

Consumer
Residential mortgage
Pass	$	79,581	$	163,734	$	78,499	$	11,363	$	10,865	$	45,378	$	—	$	—	$	389,420
Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	79,581	$	163,734	$	78,499	$	11,363	$	10,865	$	45,378	$	—	$	—	$	389,420

Other consumer
Pass	$	4,837	$	7,527	$	3,275	$	1,326	$	458	$	7	$	3,190	$	—	$	20,620
Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard	—		15		—		10		—		—		—		—		25
Doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	4,837	$	7,542	$	3,275	$	1,336	$	458	$	7	$	3,190	$	—	$	20,645

Total loans held-for-investment
Pass	$	439,138	$	621,555	$	455,525	$	184,838	$	163,948	$	227,280	$	210,889	$	8,123	$	2,311,296
Special mention	—		—		484		379		314		2,979		1,000		—		5,156
Substandard	—		467		193		10		2,707		3,623		—		—		7,000
Doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	439,138	$	622,022	$	456,202	$	185,227	$	166,969	$	233,882	$	211,889	$	8,123	$	2,323,452

Nonaccrual Loans

The following table presents the loans on nonaccrual status by loan segments as of the date indicated:


($ in thousands)	Total Nonaccrual Loans		Nonaccrual Loans with ACL		ACL on Nonaccrual Loans		Collateral Dependent Nonaccrual Loans		ACL on Collateral Dependent Nonaccrual Loans
March 31, 2024
Commercial real estate:
Commercial property	$	932	$	—	$	—	$	932	$	—
Business property	3,455		740		277		3,455		277


Total commercial real estate	4,387		740		277		4,387		277
Commercial and industrial	111		45		26		66		—
Consumer:
Residential mortgage	436		—		—		436		—
Other consumer	6		6		—		—		—
Total consumer	442		6		—		436		—
Total	$	4,940	$	791	$	303	$	4,889	$	277
December 31, 2023
Commercial real estate:
Commercial property	$	958	$	—	$	—	$	958	$	—
Business property	2,865		689		264		2,865		264


Total commercial real estate	3,823		689		264		3,823		264
Commercial and industrial	68		—		—		68		—
Consumer:

Other consumer	25		25		—		—		—
Total consumer	25		25		—		—		—
Total	$	3,916	$	714	$	264	$	3,891	$	264

There were no nonaccrual loans guaranteed by a U.S. government agency at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

Collateral Dependent Loans

Loans that have been classified as collateral dependent are loans where substantially all repayment of the loan is expected to come from the operation of or eventual liquidation of the collateral. Collateral dependent loans are evaluated individually for purposes of determining the ACL, which is determined based on the estimated fair value of the collateral. Estimates for costs to sell are included in the determination of the ACL when liquidation of the collateral is anticipated. In cases where the loan is well secured and the estimated value of the collateral exceeds the amortized cost of the loan, no ACL is recorded. The following table presents the collateral dependent loans by loan segments as of the date indicated:


($ in thousands)	Hotel / Motel		Warehouse		Retail		Single Family Residential		Other		Total
March 31, 2024
Commercial real estate:
Commercial property	$	932	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	932
Business property	—		2,569		848		—		38		3,455


Total commercial real estate	932		2,569		848		—		38		4,387
Commercial and industrial	13		—		—		53		—		66
Consumer:
Residential mortgage	—		—		—		436		—		436

Total consumer	—		—		—		436		—		436
Total	$	945	$	2,569	$	848	$	489	$	38	$	4,889
December 31, 2023
Commercial real estate:
Commercial property	$	958	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	958
Business property	—		2,137		689		—		39		2,865


Total commercial real estate	958		2,137		689		—		39		3,823
Commercial and industrial	13		—		—		55		—		68




Total	$	971	$	2,137	$	689	$	55	$	39	$	3,891

Past Due Loans

The following table presents the aging of past due in accruing loans and nonaccrual loans by loan segments as of date indicated:


	Still Accruing								Nonaccrual
($ in thousands)	30 to 59 Days Past Due		60 to 89 Days Past Due		90 or More Days Past Due		Total		30 to 59 Days Past Due		60 to 89 Days Past Due		90 or More Days Past Due		Total		Total Loans Past Due
March 31, 2024
Commercial real estate:
Commercial property	$	491	$	427	$	—	$	918	$	932	$	—	$	—	$	932	$	1,850
Business property	414		—		—		414		108		—		759		867		1,281


Total commercial real estate	905		427		—		1,332		1,040		—		759		1,799		3,131
Commercial and industrial	10		—		—		10		66		45		—		111		121
Consumer:
Residential mortgage	2,485		676		—		3,161		—		—		436		436		3,597
Other consumer	12		—		—		12		—		—		—		—		12
Total consumer	2,497		676		—		3,173		—		—		436		436		3,609
Total	$	3,412	$	1,103	$	—	$	4,515	$	1,106	$	45	$	1,195	$	2,346	$	6,861
December 31, 2023
Commercial real estate:
Commercial property	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	296	$	—	$	296	$	296
Business property	560		—		—		560		—		39		168		207		767


Total commercial real estate	560		—		—		560		—		335		168		503		1,063
Commercial and industrial	217		—		—		217		—		—		—		—		217
Consumer:
Residential mortgage	604		—		—		604		—		—		—		—		604
Other consumer	13		34		—		47		—		15		3		18		65
Total consumer	617		34		—		651		—		15		3		18		669
Total	$	1,394	$	34	$	—	$	1,428	$	—	$	350	$	171	$	521	$	1,949

Loan Modification

Occasionally, the Company modifies loans to borrowers in financial distress by providing principal forgiveness, term extension, an other-than-insignificant payment delay, interest rate reduction or combination of at above mentioned modifications. When principal forgiveness is provided, the amount of forgiveness is charged-off against the ACL.

The following table presents loans that the borrowers were both experiencing financial difficulty and modified during the periods indicated by loan segments and modification type:


($ in thousands)	Interest Only		Total		Percentage to Each Loan Segment
Three months ended March 31, 2024






Commercial and industrial	$	45	$	45	0.1	%




Total	$	45	$	45	0.1	%

Three months ended March 31, 2023
Commercial and industrial	$	11	$	11	0.1	%
Total	$	11	$	11	0.1	%

The Company had no commitments to lend to the borrower included in the above table as of March 31, 2024. The loan was nonaccrual status as of March 31, 2024 and had no payment default after the modification.

Purchases, Sales, and Transfers

The Company had no loans that were transferred from loans held-for-investment to loans held-for-sale during the three months ended March 31, 2024 or 2023.

The Company had no loans that were transferred from loans held-for-sale to loans held-for investment during three months ended March 31, 2024 or 2023.

The following table presents a summary of purchases of loans held-for-investment for the periods indicated:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
($ in thousands)	2024		2023







Consumer:
Residential mortgage	$	—	$	15,741

Total consumer	—		15,741
Total	$	—	$	15,741

Loans Held-For-Sale

The following table presents a composition of loans held-for-sale as of the date indicated:


($ in thousands)	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Commercial real estate:

Business property	$	—	$	2,802


Total commercial real estate	—		2,802
Commercial and industrial	3,256		2,353




Total	$	3,256	$	5,155

Loans held-for-sale are carried at the lower of cost or fair value. When a determination is made at the time of commitment to originate as held-for-investment, it is the Company’s intent to hold these loans to maturity or for the “foreseeable future,” subject to periodic reviews under the Company’s management evaluation processes, including asset/liability management and credit risk management. When the Company subsequently changes its intent to hold certain loans, the loans are transferred to held-for-sale at the lower of cost or fair value. Certain loans are transferred to held-for-sale with write-downs to ACL on loans.

Note 5. Other Real Estate Owned

The following table presents activity in OREO for the periods indicated:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
($ in thousands)	2024		2023
Balance at beginning of year	$	2,558	$	—

Sales	(2,558)		—

Balance at end of year	$	—	$	—

During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recognized an OREO of $2.6 million by transferring a SBA 7(a) loan of $593 thousand, of which its guaranteed portion was previously sold. The Company’s exposure was 25% of the OREO and the SBA was entitled to 75% of the sale price upon the sale of property. The Company sold the property during the three months ended March 31, 2024.

The following table presents activity in OREO valuation allowance for the periods indicated:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
($ in thousands)	2024		2023
Balance at beginning of year	$	—	$	—
Additions	—		—
Net direct write-downs and removal from sale	—		—
Balance at end of year	$	—	$	—

The following table presents expenses related to OREO for the periods indicated:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
($ in thousands)	2024		2023
Net (gain) loss on sales	$	(13)	$	—
Operating expenses, net of rental income	2		—
Total	$	(11)	$	—

The Company did not provide loans to finance the sale of its OREO properties during the three months ended March 31, 2024.

Note 6 - Servicing Assets

The Company sells SBA and certain residential mortgage loans with servicing retained. SBA loans are included in commercial real estate loans (“CRE SBA”) and commercial and industrial loans (“C&I SBA”). The Company sold loans of $19.4 million and $27.1 million, respectively, with the servicing rights retained and recognized a net gain on sale of $1.1 million and $1.3 million, respectively, during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. Loan servicing income was $919 thousand and $860 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The following table presents the composition of servicing assets with key assumptions used to estimate the fair value as of the dates indicated:


	March 31, 2024											December 31, 2023
($ in thousands)	Residential Mortgage			CRE SBA			C&I SBA			Total		Residential Mortgage			CRE SBA			C&I SBA			Total
Carrying amount	$	47		$	5,985		$	512		$	6,544	$	49		$	6,135		$	482		$	6,666
Fair value	$	111		$	7,674		$	772		$	8,557	$	104		$	8,284		$	728		$	9,116
Discount rate	7.85		%	12.14		%	15.85		%			9.93		%	12.30		%	15.46		%
Prepayment speed	12.14		%	19.08		%	14.05		%			12.75		%	16.71		%	13.97		%
Weighted-average remaining life	19.5 years			20.9 years			7.3 years					19.8 years			21.0 years			7.1 years
Underlying loans being serviced	$	10,364		$	465,756		$	63,919		$	540,039	$	10,666		$	461,300		$	60,265		$	532,231

The following tables present activity in servicing assets for the periods indicated:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024								2023
($ in thousands)	Residential Mortgage		CRE SBA		C&I SBA		Total		Residential Mortgage		CRE SBA		C&I SBA		Total
Balance at beginning of period	$	49	$	6,135	$	482	$	6,666	$	64	$	6,831	$	452	$	7,347
Additions	—		177		75		252		—		376		45		421
Amortization	(2)		(327)		(45)		(374)		(7)		(365)		(51)		(423)

Balance at end of period	$	47	$	5,985	$	512	$	6,544	$	57	$	6,842	$	446	$	7,345

Note 7 - Operating Leases

The following table presents operating lease cost and supplemental cash flow information related to leases for the periods indicated:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
($ in thousands)	2024		2023
Operating lease cost (1)	$	943	$	743
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	875	$	810
Right of use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations	$	—	$	195

(1) Included in Occupancy and Equipment on the Consolidated Statements of Income (Unaudited).

The Company used the incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at lease commencement in determining the present value of lease payments. The following table presents supplemental balance sheet information related to leases as of the dates indicated:


($ in thousands)	March 31, 2024			December 31, 2023
Operating leases:
Operating lease assets	$	18,255		$	18,913
Operating lease liabilities	$	19,555		$	20,137
Weighted-average remaining lease term	8.1 years			8.3 years
Weighted-average discount rate	4.66		%	4.63		%

The following table presents maturities of operating lease liabilities as of the date indicated:


($ in thousands)	March 31, 2024
Maturities:
2024	$	2,564
2025	3,301
2026	2,932
2027	2,543
2028	2,416
After 2028	10,695
Total lease payment	24,451
Imputed Interest	(4,896)
Present value of operating lease liabilities	$	19,555

Note 8 - Federal Home Loan Bank Advances and Other Borrowings

FHLB Advances

The Company had a term FHLB advance of $50.0 million with an interest rate of 5.59% and a maturity date of June 26, 2024 (term of 92 days) as of March 31, 2024. At December 31, 2023, the Company had a term FHLB advance of $39.0 million with an interest rate of 5.63% and a maturity date of February 21, 2024 (term of 92 days). The Bank repaid the advance upon maturity.

At March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, loans pledged to secure borrowings from the FHLB were $0.97 billion and $1.04 billion, respectively. The Company’s investment in capital stock of the FHLB of San Francisco totaled $12.5 million and $12.5 million at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The Company had additional borrowing capacity of $642.7 million and $603.0 million from the FHLB as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

Other Borrowing Arrangements

At March 31, 2024, the Company had $574.2 million of unused borrowing capacity from the Federal Reserve Discount Window, to which the Company pledged loans with a carrying value of $728.2 million with no outstanding borrowings. In addition, the Company may borrow up to approximately $65.0 million overnight federal funds lines with correspondent financial institutions at March 31, 2024.

Note 9 - Shareholders’ Equity

Series C, Senior Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock

On May 24, 2022, the Company issued 69,141 shares of Senior Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series C, liquidation preference of $1,000 per share (“Series C Preferred Stock”) for the capital investment of $69.1 million from the U.S. Treasury under the Emergency Capital Investment Program (“ECIP”). The ECIP investment qualifies as tier 1 capital for purposes of the bank regulatory capital requirements.

The Series C Preferred Stock bears no dividend for the first 24 months following the investment date. Thereafter, the dividend rate will be adjusted based on the lending growth criteria listed in the terms of the ECIP investment with the annual dividend rate up to 2%. After the tenth anniversary of the investment date, the dividend rate will be fixed based on average annual amount of lending in years 2 through 10. Dividends will be payable quarterly in arrears on March 15, June 15, September 15, and December 15.

The Series C Preferred Stock may be redeemed at the option of the Company on or after the fifth anniversary of issuance (or earlier in the event of loss of regulatory capital treatment), subject to the approval of the appropriate federal banking regulator and in accordance with the federal banking agencies’ regulatory capital regulations.

The Company expects to pay the initial quarterly dividend at an annualized rate of 2% beginning in the second quarter of 2024.

Stock Repurchases

During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company repurchased and retired 512,657 shares of common stock at a weighted-average price of $17.22 per share under a stock repurchase program approved by the Board of Directors on August 2, 2023 and a legacy stock repurchase program approved on July 28, 2022.

The Company did not repurchase any shares of common stock during the three months ended March 31, 2024. As of March 31, 2024, the Company is authorized to purchase 592,724 additional shares under the 2023 stock repurchase program, which expires on August 2, 2024.

Note 10 - Share-Based Compensation

On May 25, 2023, the Company adopted the 2023 Equity Based Compensation Plan (“2023 EBC Plan”) approved by its shareholders to replace the 2013 Equity Based Stock Compensation Plan. The 2023 EBC Plan provides 700,000 shares of common stock for equity based compensation awards including incentive and non-qualified stock options, and restricted stock awards. As of March 31, 2024, there were 489,000 shares available for future grants.

Share-Based Compensation Expense

The following table presents share-based compensation expense and the related tax benefits for the periods indicated:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
($ in thousands)	2024		2023
Share-based compensation expense related to:
Stock options	$	72	$	36
Restricted stock awards	64		84
Total share-based compensation expense	$	136	$	120
Related tax benefits	$	34	$	25

The following table presents unrecognized share-based compensation expense as of the date indicated:

March 31, 2024

($ in thousands)

Unrecognized Expense

Weighted-Average Remaining Expected Recognition Period

Unrecognized share-based compensation expense related to:

Stock options

712

2.6 years

Restricted stock awards

397

2.5 years

Total unrecognized share-based compensation expense

1,109

2.6 years

Stock Options

The following tables represent stock option activity for the periods indicated:


	Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
($ in thousands except per share data)	Number of Shares	Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share		Weighted-Average Contractual Term	Aggregated Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at beginning of period	614,715	$	13.90	5.7 years	$	2,788

Exercised	(3,351)	$	10.33	1.6 years

Outstanding at end of period	611,364	$	13.91	5.5 years	$	1,477
Exercisable at end of period	356,364	$	12.49	2.8 years	$	1,368

The following table represents information regarding unvested stock options for the periods indicated:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	Number of Shares	Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share
Outstanding at beginning of period	271,000	$	15.85

Vested	(16,000)	$	14.96

Outstanding at end of period	255,000	$	15.90

Restricted Stock Awards

The following table represents restricted stock award activity for the periods indicated:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	Number of Shares	Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share
Outstanding at beginning of period	41,661	$	17.53

Vested	(16,261)	$	13.93

Outstanding at end of period	25,400	$	19.84

Note 11 - Income Taxes

Income tax expense was $1.8 million and $4.2 million, respectively, and the effective tax rate was 27.9% and 28.8%, respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.

At March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had no unrecognized tax benefits or related accrued interest.

The Company and its subsidiaries are subject to U.S. federal and various state jurisdictions income tax examinations. As of March 31, 2024, the Company is no longer subject to examination by taxing authorities for tax years before 2020 for federal taxes and before 2019 for various state jurisdictions. The statute of limitations vary by state, and state taxes other than California have been minimal and immaterial to the Company’s financial results.

Note 12 - Earnings Per Share

The following table presents the computations of basic and diluted EPS for the periods indicated:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
($ in thousands, except per share)	2024		2023
Basic earnings per share:
Net income	$	4,685	$	10,297
Less: income allocated to unvested restricted stock	(9)		(33)
Net income allocated to common stock	$	4,676	$	10,264
Weighted-average total common shares outstanding	14,262,235		14,465,833
Less: weighted-average unvested restricted stock	(26,816)		(46,678)
Weighted-average common shares outstanding, basic	14,235,419		14,419,155
Basic earnings per share	$	0.33	$	0.71
Diluted earnings per share:
Net income allocated to common stock	$	4,676	$	10,264
Weighted-average common shares outstanding, basic	14,235,419		14,419,155
Diluted effect of stock options	94,785		155,774
Weighted-average common shares outstanding, diluted	14,330,204		14,574,929
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.33	$	0.70

There were 263,000 and 93,700 stock options excluded in computing diluted EPS because they were anti-dilutive for three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Note 13 - Off-Balance Sheet Credit Exposures, Commitments and Other Contingencies

In the ordinary course of business, the Company enters into financial commitments to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial commitments include commitments to extend credit and letters of credit. Those instruments involve to varying degrees, elements of credit, and interest rate risk not recognized in the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

The Company had the following outstanding financial commitments whose contractual amount represents credit risk as of the dates indicated:


	March 31, 2024				December 31, 2023
($ in thousands)	Fixed Rate		Variable Rate		Fixed Rate		Variable Rate
Unused lines of credit	$	8,586	$	375,447	$	2,808	$	347,652
Unfunded loan commitments	1,592		42,979		4,020		47,038
Standby letters of credit	—		6,423		4,638		1,786
Commercial letters of credit	—		135		—		160
Total	$	10,178	$	424,984	$	11,466	$	396,636

Unfunded loan commitments are generally made for periods of 90 days or less, except for SBA loans that are generally made for periods of 180 days or less.

The Company applies an expected credit loss estimation methodology applied to each respective loan segment for determining the ACL on off-balance sheet credit exposures. The loss estimation process includes assumptions for utilization at default. These assumptions are based on the Company’s own historical internal loan data. As a part of adoption of ASC 326, the Company recorded an initial adjustment to the ACL on off-balance sheet credit exposures of $1.6 million on January 1, 2023. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company maintained an ACL on off-balance sheet credit exposures of $1.4 million and $1.3 million in Accrued Interest Payable and Other Liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, respectively.

Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Since many of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. The Company evaluates each client’s credit worthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained if deemed necessary by the Company is based on management’s credit evaluation of the customer.

Litigation

The Company is involved in various matters of litigation, which have arisen in the ordinary course of business. In the opinion of management, the disposition of pending matters of litigation will not have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Network and Data Incident

On August 30, 2021, the Bank identified unusual activity on its network. The Bank responded promptly to disable the activity, investigate its source and monitor the Bank’s network. The Bank subsequently became aware of claims that it had been the target of a ransomware attack. On September 7, 2021, the Bank determined that an external actor had illegally accessed and/or acquired certain data on its network. The Bank worked with third-party forensic investigators to understand the nature and scope of the incident and determine what information may have been accessed and/or acquired and who may have been impacted. The investigation revealed that this incident impacted certain files containing certain Bank customer information. Some of these files contained documents related to loan applications, such as tax returns, Form W-2 information of their employees, and payroll records. The Bank has notified all individuals identified as impacted, consistent with applicable laws. All impacted individuals were offered free Equifax Complete Premier credit monitoring and identify theft protection services. The Bank has notified law enforcement and appropriate authorities of the incident.

On December 16, 2021, a complaint based on the incident was filed in the Los Angeles County Superior Court seeking damages, injunctive relief, and equitable relief. During the three months ended September 30, 2023, the Bank agreed to settle this matter in exchange for $700 thousand to the putative class members, including costs of settlement administration, and attorneys’ fees and costs. The Bank received preliminary court approval of the settlement and notice was provided to members of the proposed class during the three months ended September 30, 2023. The court has scheduled a final approval hearing for May 30, 2024.

The Company expects that the full amount of the final settlement will be covered under the Company’s applicable insurance policies.

Note 14 - Regulatory Matters

Under the final rules implementing Basel Committee on Banking Supervision’s capital guidelines for U.S. banks (“Basel III rules”), the Bank must hold a capital conservation buffer of 2.50% above the adequately capitalized risk-based capital ratios to avoid restrictions on dividends, stock repurchase, discretionary bonuses and other payments. Management believes as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Bank met all capital adequacy requirements to which it is subject. Under the Federal Reserve’s “Small Bank Holding Company” policy, the Company is not currently subject to separate minimum capital requirements under the Basel III rules. At such time as the Company reaches the $3 billion asset level, it will be subject to capital measurements under the Basel III rules independent of the Bank. For comparison purposes, the Company’s ratios are included in the following discussion as well, all of which would have exceeded the “well-capitalized” level had the Company been subject to separate capital minimums. The Company and the Bank’s capital conservation buffer was 7.38% and 7.58%, respectively, as of March 31, 2024, and 7.73% and 8.07%, respectively, as of December 31, 2023. Unrealized gain or loss on securities available-for-sale is not included in computing regulatory capital. The following table presents the regulatory capital amounts and ratios for the Company and the Bank as of dates indicated:


	Actual				Minimum Capital Requirement				To Be Well Capitalized Under Prompt Corrective Provisions
($ in thousands)	Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio
March 31, 2024
PCB Bancorp
Common tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)	$	290,431	11.88	%	$	109,998	4.5	%	N/A		N/A
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)	389,349		15.93	%	195,552		8.0	%	N/A		N/A
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)	359,572		14.71	%	146,664		6.0	%	N/A		N/A
Tier 1 capital (to average assets)	359,572		12.73	%	112,954		4.0	%	N/A		N/A
PCB Bank
Common tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)	$	351,242	14.37	%	$	109,997	4.5	%	$	158,885	6.5	%
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)	381,020		15.59	%	195,550		8.0	%	244,438		10.0	%
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)	351,242		14.37	%	146,663		6.0	%	195,550		8.0	%
Tier 1 capital (to average assets)	351,242		12.44	%	112,953		4.0	%	141,191		5.0	%
December 31, 2023
PCB Bancorp
Common tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)	$	288,174	12.23	%	$	106,043	4.5	%	N/A		N/A
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)	386,125		16.39	%	188,521		8.0	%	N/A		N/A
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)	357,315		15.16	%	141,391		6.0	%	N/A		N/A
Tier 1 capital (to average assets)	357,315		13.43	%	106,423		4.0	%	N/A		N/A
PCB Bank
Common tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)	$	350,038	14.85	%	$	106,081	4.5	%	$	153,228	6.5	%
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)	378,849		16.07	%	188,588		8.0	%	235,735		10.0	%
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)	350,038		14.85	%	141,441		6.0	%	188,588		8.0	%
Tier 1 capital (to average assets)	350,038		13.16	%	106,421		4.0	%	133,026		5.0	%

The California Financial Code provides that a bank generally may not make a cash distribution to its shareholders in excess of the lesser of the bank’s undivided profits or the bank’s net income for its last three fiscal years less the amount of any distribution made to the bank’s shareholders during the same period. This law limits the distributions the Bank is permitted to make to the Company. As a California corporation, the Company is subject to the limitations of the California Corporations Code, which allows a corporation to distribute cash or property to shareholders, including a dividend or repurchase or redemption of shares, if the corporation meets either a retained earnings test or a balance sheet test. Under the retained earnings test, the Company may make a distribution from retained earnings to the extent that its retained earnings exceed the sum of (a) the amount of the distribution plus (b) the amount, if any, of dividends in arrears on shares with preferential dividend rights. Under the balance sheet test, the Company may also make a distribution if, immediately after the distribution, the value of its assets equals or exceeds the sum of (a) its total liabilities plus (b) the liquidation preference of any shares which have a preference upon dissolution over the rights of shareholders receiving the distribution. Indebtedness is not considered a liability if the terms of such indebtedness provide that payment of principal and interest thereon are to be made only if, and to the extent that, a distribution to shareholders could be made under the balance sheet test.

The Federal Reserve, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (the “FDIC”) and the California Department of Financial Protection and Innovation (the “CDFPI”) periodically examine the Company, the Bank and their businesses, including for compliance with laws and regulations. If, as a result of an examination, a banking agency were to determine that the Company’s or the Bank’s financial condition, capital resources, asset quality, earnings prospects, management, liquidity or other aspects of any of their operations had become unsatisfactory, or that the Company or the Bank was in violation of any law or regulation, they may take a number of different remedial actions as they deem appropriate. These actions include the power to enjoin “unsafe or unsound” practices, to require affirmative action to correct any conditions resulting from any violation or practice, to issue an administrative order that can be judicially enforced, to direct an increase in the Company’s or the Bank’s capital, to restrict growth, to assess civil money penalties, to fine or remove officers and directors and, if it is concluded that such conditions cannot be corrected or there is an imminent risk of loss to depositors, to terminate the Bank’s deposit insurance and place the Bank into receivership or conservatorship.

Note 15 - Revenue Recognition

The following table presents revenue from contracts with customers within the scope of ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, for the periods indicated:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
($ in thousands)	2024		2023
Noninterest income in-scope of Topic 606
Service charges and fees on deposits:
Monthly service fees	$	31	$	26
Account analysis fees	234		225
Non-sufficient funds charges	89		72
Other deposit related fees	24		21
Total service charges and fees on deposits	378		344
Debit card fees	81		73
Gain (loss) on sale of other real estate owned	13		—
Wire transfer fees	141		144
Other service charges	58		48
Total	$	671	$	609

Note 16 - Subsequent Events

Dividend Declared on Common Stock

On April 25, 2024, the Company’s Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.18 per common share. The dividend will be paid on or about May 17, 2024, to shareholders of record as of the close of business on May 10, 2024.

Item 2 - Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following is management’s discussion and analysis of the major factors that influenced the Company’s results of operations and financial condition as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2024. This analysis should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 and with the unaudited consolidated financial statements and notes (unaudited) thereto set forth in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Critical Accounting Estimates

The Company’s consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP and general practices within the banking industry. Within these financial statements, certain financial information contains approximate measurements of financial effects of transactions and impacts at the consolidated statements of financial condition dates and the Company’s results of operations for the reporting periods. As certain accounting policies require significant estimates and assumptions that have a material impact on the carrying value of assets and liabilities, the Company has established critical accounting policies to facilitate making the judgment necessary to prepare financial statements. The Company’s critical accounting policies are described in Note 1 to Consolidated Financial Statements and in the “Critical Accounting Estimates” section of Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 and in Note 1 to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) included in Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Allowance for Credit Losses

On January 1, 2023, the Company adopted the provisions of ASC 326, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326)” Instruments. The adoption of ASC 326 changes the way the Company estimates the ACL on certain financial assets. The adoption of ASC 326 requires the Company to measure and record current expected credit losses for financial assets within the scope of ASC 326, which the Company currently consist substantially of loans, off-balance sheet credit exposures and securities available-for-sale. Measuring credit losses under the current expected credit losses (“CECL”) framework requires a significant amount of judgment, including the incorporation of reasonable and supportable forecasts about future conditions that may ultimately impact the level of credit losses the Company may recognize. Under the CECL framework, current expected credit losses are recorded on financial assets within the scope of ASC 326 at the time of their origination or acquisition.

Estimating expected credit losses requires management to use relevant forward-looking information, including the use of reasonable and supportable forecasts. The measurement of the ACL is performed by collectively evaluating loans with similar risk characteristics. The Company’s discounted cash flow methodology incorporates a probability of default and loss given default model, as well as expectations of future economic conditions, using reasonable and supportable forecasts.

The use of reasonable and supportable forecasts requires significant judgment, such as selecting forecast scenarios, as well as determining the appropriate length of the forecast horizon. Management leverages economic projections from a reputable and independent third party to inform and provide its reasonable and supportable economic forecasts. Although no one economic variable can fully demonstrate the sensitivity of the ACL estimate to changes in economic variables used in the ACL model, the Company utilized changes in U.S. unemployment rate and year-over-year change in real gross domestic product (“GDP”) growth rate as its key economic variables. Other internal and external indicators of economic forecasts may also be considered by management when developing the forecast metrics. The Company’s ACL model reverts to long-term average loss rates for purposes of estimating expected cash flows beyond a period deemed reasonable and supportable. The Company forecasts economic conditions and expected credit losses over a one-year time horizon. Beyond the one-year forecast time horizon, the Company’s ACL model reverts to historical long-term average loss rates over a one-year period.

Within the various economic scenarios considered as of March 31, 2024, the quantitative estimate of the ACL would increase by approximately $7.5 million under sole consideration of a more adverse downside scenario. The quoted sensitivity calculation reflects the sensitivity of the modeled ACL estimate to macroeconomic forecast data, but is absent of qualitative overlays and other qualitative adjustments that are part of the quarterly reserving process and does not necessarily reflect the nature and extent of future changes in the ACL for reasons including increases or decreases in qualitative adjustments, changes in the risk profile and size of the portfolio, changes in the severity of the macroeconomic scenario and the range of scenarios under management consideration.

A portion of the collectively evaluated ACL on loans also includes qualitative adjustments for risk factors not reflected or captured by the quantitative modeled ACL but are relevant in estimating future expected credit losses. Qualitative adjustments may be related to and include, but not limited to factors such as: (i) management’s assessment of economic forecasts used in the model and how those forecasts align with management’s overall evaluation of current and expected economic conditions, (ii) organization-specific risks such as credit concentrations, collateral specific risks, regulatory risks, and external factors that may ultimately impact credit quality, (iii) potential model limitations such as limitations identified through back-testing, and other limitations associated with factors such as underwriting changes, acquisition of new portfolios and changes in portfolio segmentation, and (iv) management’s overall assessment of the adequacy of the ACL, including an assessment of ACL model data inputs.

Although management uses the best information reasonably available to derive estimates and assumptions necessary to measure an appropriate level of the ACL, these estimates and assumptions are subject to change in future periods, which may have a material impact on the level of the ACL and the Company’s results of operations.

Non-GAAP Measures

The Company uses certain non-GAAP financial measures to provide meaningful supplemental information regarding the Company’s operational performance and to enhance investors’ overall understanding of such financial performance. Generally, a non-GAAP financial measure is a numerical measure of a company’s financial performance, financial position or cash flows that excludes (or includes) amounts that are included in (or excluded from) the most directly comparable measure calculated, and presented in accordance with GAAP. However, these non-GAAP financial measures are supplemental and are not a substitute for an analysis based on GAAP measures and may not be comparable to non-GAAP financial measures that may be presented by other companies.

The following tables present reconciliation of return on average tangible common equity, tangible common equity per common share and tangible common equity to tangible assets ratios to their most comparable GAAP measures as of the dates or for the periods indicated. These non-GAAP measures, which are presented in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, are used by management in its analysis of the Company's performance.


	Three Months Ended March 31,
($ in thousands)	2024			2023
Average total shareholders' equity	$	349,644		$	335,169
Less: average preferred stock	69,141			69,141
Average tangible common equity	$	280,503		$	266,028
Net income	$	4,685		$	10,297
Annualized return on average shareholders’ equity	5.39		%	12.46		%
Annualized return on average tangible common equity	6.72		%	15.70		%


($ in thousands, except per share data)	March 31, 2024			December 31, 2023			March 31, 2023
Total shareholders' equity	$	350,005		$	348,872		$	336,830
Less: preferred stock	69,141			69,141			69,141
Tangible common equity	$	280,864		$	279,731		$	267,689
Outstanding common shares	14,263,791			14,260,440			14,297,870
Book value per common share	$	24.54		$	24.46		$	23.56
Tangible common equity per common share	$	19.69		$	19.62		$	18.72
Total assets	$	2,854,292		$	2,789,506		$	2,500,524
Total shareholders' equity to total assets	12.26		%	12.51		%	13.47		%
Tangible common equity to total assets	9.84		%	10.03		%	10.71		%

Selected Financial Data

The following table presents certain selected financial data as of the dates or for the periods indicated:


	As of or For the Three Months Ended March 31,
($ in thousands, except per share data)	2024			2023
Selected balance sheet data:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	239,791		$	190,519
Securities available-for-sale	138,170			144,665
Loans held-for-sale	3,256			14,352
Loans held-for-investment	2,397,964			2,092,442
ACL on loans	(28,332)			(24,694)
Total assets	2,854,292			2,500,524
Total deposits	2,402,840			2,141,689
Shareholders’ equity	350,005			336,830
Selected income statement data:
Interest income	$	43,555		$	34,536
Interest expense	22,556			12,122
Net interest income	20,999			22,414
Provision (reversal) for credit losses	1,090			(2,778)
Noninterest income	2,945			3,021
Noninterest expense	16,352			13,754
Income before income taxes	6,502			14,459
Income tax expense	1,817			4,162
Net income	4,685			10,297
Per share data:
Earnings per common share, basic	$	0.33		$	0.71
Earnings per common share, diluted	0.33			0.70
Book value per common share (1)	24.54			23.56
Tangible common equity per common share (9)	19.69			18.72
Cash dividends declared per common share	0.18			0.15
Outstanding share data:
Number of common shares outstanding	14,263,791			14,297,870
Weighted-average common shares outstanding, basic	14,235,419			14,419,155
Weighted-average common shares outstanding, diluted	14,330,204			14,574,929
Selected performance ratios:
Return on average assets (2)	0.67		%	1.69		%
Return on average shareholders’ equity (2)	5.39		%	12.46		%
Dividend payout ratio (3)	54.55		%	21.13		%
Efficiency ratio (4)	68.29		%	54.08		%
Yield on average interest-earning assets (2)	6.42		%	5.83		%
Cost of average interest-bearing liabilities (2)	4.85		%	3.45		%
Net interest spread (2)	1.57		%	2.38		%
Net interest margin (2), (5)	3.10		%	3.79		%
Total loans to total deposits ratio (6)	99.93		%	98.37		%


	As of or For the Three Months Ended March 31,
($ in thousands, except per share data)	2024			2023















Asset quality:
Loans 30 to 89 days past due and still accruing	$	4,515		$	792

Nonperforming loans (7)	4,940			2,960
Nonperforming assets (8)	4,940			2,960
Net charge-offs (recoveries)	123			(1,102)
Loans 30 to 89 days past due and still accruing to loans held-for-investment	0.19		%	0.04		%


Nonperforming loans to loans held-for-investment	0.21		%	0.14		%
Nonperforming loans to ACL on loans	17.44		%	11.99		%
Nonperforming assets to total assets	0.17		%	0.12		%
ACL on loans to loans held-for-investment	1.18		%	1.18		%


ACL on loans to nonperforming loans	573.52		%	834.26		%
Net charge-offs (recoveries) to average loans held-for-investment (2)	0.02		%	(0.22)		%
Capital ratios:
Shareholders’ equity to total assets	12.26		%	13.47		%
Tangible common equity to total assets (9)	9.84		%	10.71		%
Average shareholders’ equity to average total assets	12.44		%	13.56		%
PCB Bancorp
Common tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)	11.88		%	13.09		%
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)	15.93		%	17.61		%
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)	14.71		%	16.37		%
Tier 1 capital (to average assets)	12.73		%	13.90		%
PCB Bank
Common tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)	14.37		%	16.03		%
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)	15.59		%	17.27		%
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)	14.37		%	16.03		%
Tier 1 capital (to average assets)	12.44		%	13.62		%

(1) Shareholders’ equity divided by common shares outstanding.

(2) Annualized.

(3) Dividends declared per common share divided by basic earnings per common share.

(4) Noninterest expenses divided by the sum of net interest income and noninterest income.

(5) Net interest income divided by average total interest-earning assets.

(6) Total loans include both loans held-for-sale and loans held-for-investment.

(7) Nonperforming loans include nonaccrual loans and loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing.

(8) Nonperforming assets include nonperforming loans and other real estate owned.

(9) Non-GAAP measure. See "Non-GAAP Measures" for a reconciliation to its most comparable GAAP measure.

Executive Summary

Q1 2024 Financial Highlights

•Net income was $4.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, a decrease of $5.6 million, or 54.5%, from $10.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023;

▪Recorded a provision (reversal) for credit losses of $1.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared with $(2.8) million for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

▪ACL on loan to loans held-for-investment ratio was 1.18% at March 31, 2024 compared with 1.19% at December 31, 2023.

•Net interest income was $21.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared with $22.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. Net interest margin was 3.10% for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared with 3.79% for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

•Gain on sale of loans was $1.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared with $1.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

•Total assets were $2.85 billion at March 31, 2024, an increase of $64.8 million, or 2.3%, from $2.79 billion at December 31, 2023;

•Loans held-for-investment were $2.40 billion at March 31, 2024, an increase of $74.5 million, or 3.2%, from $2.32 billion at December 31, 2023; and

•Total deposits were $2.40 billion at March 31, 2024, an increase of $51.2 million, or 2.2%, from $2.35 billion at December 31, 2023.

Results of Operations

Net Interest Income

A principal component of the Company’s earnings is net interest income, which is the difference between the interest and fees earned on loans and investments and the interest paid on deposits and borrowed funds. Net interest income expressed as a percentage of average interest earning assets is referred to as the net interest margin. The net interest spread is the yield on average interest earning assets less the cost of average interest bearing liabilities. Net interest income is affected by changes in the balances of interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities and changes in the yields earned on interest earning assets and the rates paid on interest bearing liabilities.

The following table presents interest income, average interest-earning assets, interest expense, average interest-bearing liabilities, and their corresponding yields and costs expressed both in dollars and rates, on a consolidated operations basis, for the periods indicated:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024						2023
($ in thousands)	Average Balance		Interest		Yield/ Cost (6)		Average Balance		Interest		Yield/ Cost (6)
Interest-earning assets:
Total loans (1)	$	2,370,027	$	39,251	6.66	%	$	2,072,415	$	31,229	6.11	%
Mortgage backed securities	101,852		839		3.31	%	97,578		683		2.84	%
Collateralized mortgage obligation	23,763		254		4.30	%	26,743		256		3.88	%
SBA loan pool securities	7,317		78		4.29	%	9,027		82		3.68	%
Municipal bonds - tax exempt (2)	3,300		28		3.41	%	4,221		34		3.27	%
Corporate bonds	4,227		47		4.47	%	4,510		47		4.23	%
Interest-bearing deposits in other financial institutions	204,286		2,776		5.47	%	176,626		2,023		4.65	%
FHLB and other bank stock	12,716		282		8.92	%	10,183		182		7.25	%
Total interest-earning assets	2,727,488		43,555		6.42	%	2,401,303		34,536		5.83	%
Noninterest-earning assets:
Cash and due from banks	21,365						21,155
Allowance for credit losses on loans	(27,577)						(26,757)
Other assets	88,532						75,175
Total noninterest earning assets	82,320						69,573
Total assets	$	2,809,808					$	2,470,876
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Deposits:
NOW and money market accounts	$	453,801	4,665		4.13	%	$	485,962	3,445		2.87	%
Savings	6,196		4		0.26	%	8,099		5		0.25	%
Time deposits	1,367,212		17,298		5.09	%	916,751		8,463		3.74	%
Borrowings	42,187		589		5.62	%	15,811		209		5.36	%
Total interest-bearing liabilities	1,869,396		22,556		4.85	%	1,426,623		12,122		3.45	%
Noninterest-bearing liabilities:
Demand deposits	542,811						687,575
Other liabilities	47,957						21,509
Total noninterest-bearing liabilities	590,768						709,084
Total liabilities	2,460,164						2,135,707
Shareholders’ equity	349,644						335,169
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	2,809,808					$	2,470,876
Net interest income			$	20,999					$	22,414
Net interest spread (3)					1.57	%					2.38	%
Net interest margin (4)					3.10	%					3.79	%
Cost of deposits					3.73	%					2.30	%
Cost of funds (5)					3.76	%					2.33	%

(1) Average balance includes both loans held-for-sale and loans held-for-investment, as well as nonaccrual loans. Net amortization of deferred loan fees of $334 thousand and $175 thousand, respectively, and net accretion of discount on loans of $573 thousand and $671 thousand, respectively, are included in the interest income for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.

(2) The yield on municipal bonds has not been computed on a tax-equivalent basis.

(3) Net interest spread is calculated by subtracting average rate on interest-bearing liabilities from average yield on interest-earning assets.

(4) Net interest margin is calculated by dividing net interest income by average interest-earning assets.

(5) Cost of funds is calculated by dividing annualized interest expense on total interest-bearing liabilities by the sum of average total interest-bearing liabilities and noninterest-bearing demand deposits.

(6) Annualized.

The following table presents the changes in interest income and interest expense for major components of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. Information is provided on changes attributable to: (i) changes in volume multiplied by the prior rate; and (ii) changes in rate multiplied by the prior volume. Changes attributable to both rate and volume which cannot be segregated have been allocated proportionately to the change due to volume and the change due to rate.


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024 vs. 2023
	Increase (Decrease) Due to				Net Increase (Decrease)
($ in thousands)	Volume		Rate
Interest earned on:
Total loans	$	4,674	$	3,348	$	8,022
Investment securities	(14)		158		144
Other interest-earning assets	367		486		853
Total interest income	5,027		3,992		9,019
Interest incurred on:
Savings, NOW, and money market deposits	(246)		1,465		1,219
Time deposits	4,227		4,608		8,835
Borrowings	353		27		380
Total interest expense	4,334		6,100		10,434
Change in net interest income	$	693	$	(2,108)	$	(1,415)

Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 Compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2023

The following table presents the components of net interest income for the periods indicated:


	Three Months Ended March 31,				Amount Change		Percentage Change
($ in thousands)	2024		2023
Interest and dividend income:
Loans, including fees	$	39,251	$	31,229	$	8,022	25.7	%
Investment securities	1,246		1,102		144		13.1	%
Other interest-earning assets	3,058		2,205		853		38.7	%
Total interest income	43,555		34,536		9,019		26.1	%
Interest expense:
Deposits	21,967		11,913		10,054		84.4	%
Borrowings	589		209		380		181.8	%
Total interest expense	22,556		12,122		10,434		86.1	%
Net interest income	$	20,999	$	22,414	$	(1,415)	(6.3)	%

Net interest income decreased primarily due to a 31.0% increase in average balance of interest-bearing liabilities and a 140 basis point increase in average cost, partially offset by a 13.6% increase in average balance of interest-earning assets and a 59 basis point increase in average yield.

Interest and fees on loans increased primarily due to a 14.4% increase in average balance and a 55 basis point increase in average yield. The increase in average yield was primarily due to increases in overall interest rates on loans and net amortization of deferred loan fees, partially offset by a decrease in net accretion of discount on loans.

Interest on investment securities increased primarily due to a 42 basis point increase in average yield, partially offset by a 1.1% decrease in average balance. The increase in average yield was primarily due to a decrease in net amortization of premiums on securities and a higher yield on newly purchased investment securities. For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the average yield on total investment securities was 3.57% and 3.15%, respectively.

Interest income on other interest-earning assets increased primarily due to a 16.2% increase in average balance and an 88 basis point increase in average yield. The increase in average yield was primarily due to an increase in interest rate on cash held at the Federal Reserve Bank and dividends received on FHLB stock. For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the average yield on total other interest-earning assets was 5.67% and 4.79%, respectively.

Interest expense on deposits increased primarily due to a 29.5% increase in average balance of interest-bearing deposits and a 142 basis point increase in average cost of interest-bearing deposits. The increase in average balance was primarily due to the migration of noninterest-bearing deposits to money market accounts and time deposits attributable to the rising market rates. The increase in average cost was primarily due to an increase in market rates. For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, average cost on total interest-bearing deposits was 4.84% and 3.42%, respectively, and average cost on total deposits were 3.73% and 2.30%, respectively.

Interest expense on borrowings increased primarily due to a 166.8% increase in average balance and a 26 basis point increase in average cost of interest-bearing deposits. The increase in average cost was primarily due to an increase in market rates.

Provision (reversal) for Credit Losses

The following table presents a composition of provision (reversal) for credit losses for the periods indicated:


	Three Months Ended March 31,				Amount Change		Percentage Change
($ in thousands)	2024		2023
Provision (reversal) for credit losses on loans	$	922	$	(2,417)	$	3,339	(138.1)	%
Provision (reversal) for credit losses on off-balance sheet credit exposure	168		(361)		529		(146.5)	%
Total provision for credit losses	$	1,090	$	(2,778)	$	3,868	(139.2)	%

The provision for credit losses for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was primarily due to an increase in loans held-for-investment and reserve related to qualitative adjustment factors, partially offset by a decrease in quantitatively measured loss reserve requirement. See further discussion in “Allowance for Credit Losses.”

Noninterest Income

Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 Compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2023

The following table presents the components of noninterest income for the periods indicated:


	Three Months Ended March 31,				Amount Change		Percentage Change
($ in thousands)	2024		2023
Service charges and fees on deposits	$	378	$	344	$	34	9.9	%
Loan servicing income	919		860		59		6.9	%
Bank-owned life insurance income	228		180		48		26.7	%
Gain on sale of loans	1,078		1,309		(231)		(17.6)	%

Other income	342		328		14		4.3	%
Total noninterest income	$	2,945	$	3,021	$	(76)	(2.5)	%

Loan servicing income increased primarily due to a decrease in servicing asset amortization. Servicing asset amortization was $374 thousand and $424 thousand, respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.

Gain on sale of loans decreased primarily due to a decrease in sales volume, partially offset by an increase in level of premium on SBA loans in the secondary market. The Company sold SBA loans of $19.4 million with a gain of $1.1 million during the three months ended March 31, 2024. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company sold SBA loans of $27.1 million with a gain of $1.3 million.

Other income primarily included wire transfer fees of $141 thousand and $144 thousand, respectively, and debit card interchange fees of $81 thousand and $73 thousand, respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.

Noninterest Expense

Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 Compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2023

The following table presents the components of noninterest expense for the periods indicated:


	Three Months Ended March 31,				Amount Change		Percentage Change
($ in thousands)	2024		2023
Salaries and employee benefits	$	9,218	$	8,928	$	290	3.2	%
Occupancy and equipment	2,358		1,896		462		24.4	%
Professional fees	1,084		732		352		48.1	%
Marketing and business promotion	319		372		(53)		(14.2)	%
Data processing	402		412		(10)		(2.4)	%
Director fees and expenses	232		180		52		28.9	%

Regulatory assessments	298		155		143		92.3	%

Other expenses	2,441		1,079		1,362		126.2	%
Total noninterest expense	$	16,352	$	13,754	$	2,598	18.9	%

Salaries and employee benefits increased primarily due to increases in salaries and incentives tied to the sales of SBA loans originated at LPOs, partially offset by decreases in bonus and vacation accruals. The number of full-time equivalent employees was 272 at March 31, 2024 compared to 276 at March 31, 2023.

Occupancy and equipment increased primarily due to an expansion of headquarters location in the second half of 2023 and the preparation of a relocation of a regional office and two branches into one location in Orange County, California.

Professional fees increased primarily due to increases in professional fees related to a core system conversion that was completed in April 2024.

Marketing and business promotion expense decreased primarily due to a decrease in advertisements.

Regulatory assessments increased primarily due to an increase in the balance sheet.

Other expenses primarily included $94 thousand and $124 thousand in loan related expenses, $515 thousand and $509 thousand in office expense, and $204 thousand and $179 thousand in armed guard expense for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. In addition, the Company recognized a termination charge for the legacy core system of $508 thousand and an expense of $815 thousand for a reimbursement for an SBA loan guarantee previously paid by the SBA on a loan originated in 2014 that subsequently defaulted and was ultimately determined to be ineligible for the SBA guaranty.

Income Tax Expense

Income tax expense was $1.8 million and $4.2 million, respectively, and the effective tax rate was 27.9% and 28.8%, respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.

Financial Condition

Investment Securities

The Company’s investment strategy aims to maximize earnings while maintaining liquidity in securities with minimal credit risk. The types and maturities of securities purchased are primarily based on current and projected liquidity and interest rate sensitivity positions.

The following table presents the amortized cost and fair value of the investment securities portfolio as of the dates indicated:


	March 31, 2024						December 31, 2023
($ in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Unrealized Gain (Loss)		Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Unrealized Gain (Loss)
Securities available-for-sale:
U.S. government agency and U.S. government sponsored enterprise securities:
Residential mortgage-backed securities	$	111,860	$	100,183	$	(11,677)	$	114,485	$	104,091	$	(10,394)
Residential collateralized mortgage obligations	25,002		23,428		(1,574)		25,611		24,173		(1,438)
SBA loan pool securities	7,480		7,129		(351)		7,773		7,450		(323)
Municipal bonds	3,307		3,280		(27)		3,306		3,329		23
Corporate bonds	5,000		4,150		(850)		5,000		4,280		(720)
Total securities available-for-sale	$	152,649	$	138,170	$	(14,479)	$	156,175	$	143,323	$	(12,852)

Total investment securities were $138.2 million at March 31, 2024, a decrease of $5.2 million, or 3.6%, from $143.3 million at December 31, 2023. The decrease was primarily due to principal paydowns of $3.5 million, net premium amortization of $41 thousand and a decrease in fair value of securities available-for-sale of $1.6 million.

Municipal and corporate bonds had an investment grade rating upon purchase. The issuers of these securities have not established any cause for default on these securities and various rating agencies have reaffirmed their long-term investment grade status as of March 31, 2024. These securities have fluctuated in value since their purchase dates as market interest rates fluctuated. The Company does not intend to sell these securities and it is more likely than not that the Company will not be required to sell before the recovery of its amortized cost basis. The Company determined that the investment securities with unrealized losses did not warrant an ACL as of March 31, 2024.

As of March 31, 2024, the Company recorded no ACL on securities available-for-sale.

The following table presents the contractual maturity schedule for securities, at amortized cost, and their weighted-average yields as of the date indicated:


	March 31, 2024
	Within One Year				More than One Year through Five Years				More than Five Years through Ten Years				More than Ten Years				Total
($ in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Weighted-Average Yield		Amortized Cost		Weighted-Average Yield		Amortized Cost		Weighted-Average Yield		Amortized Cost		Weighted-Average Yield		Amortized Cost		Weighted-Average Yield
Securities available-for-sale:
U.S. government agency and U.S. government sponsored enterprise securities:
Residential mortgage-backed securities	$	2	1.25	%	$	1,653	1.67	%	$	5,708	2.00	%	$	104,497	3.00	%	$	111,860	2.93	%
Residential collateralized mortgage obligations	—		—	%	1,796		4.34	%	5,483		6.00	%	17,723		3.38	%	25,002		4.03	%
SBA loan pool securities	—		—	%	682		4.72	%	3,105		3.49	%	3,693		4.20	%	7,480		3.95	%
Municipal bonds	862		3.27	%	82		2.99	%	725		3.50	%	1,638		3.54	%	3,307		3.44	%
Corporate bonds	—		—	%	—		—	%	5,000		3.75	%	—		—	%	5,000		3.75	%
Total securities available-for-sale	$	864	3.26	%	$	4,213	3.33	%	$	20,021	3.82	%	$	127,552	3.10	%	$	152,649	3.20	%

Weighted-average yields are based upon the amortized cost of securities and are calculated using the interest method which takes into consideration of premium amortization and discount accretion. Weighted-average yields on tax-exempt debt securities exclude the federal income tax benefit.

Loans Held-For-Sale

Loans held-for-sale are carried at the lower of cost or fair value. When a determination is made at the time of commitment to originate as held-for-investment, it is the Company’s intent to hold these loans to maturity or for the foreseeable future, subject to periodic reviews under the Company’s management evaluation processes, including asset/liability management and credit risk management. When the Company subsequently changes its intent to hold certain loans, the loans are transferred to held-for-sale at the lower of cost or fair value. Certain loans are transferred to held-for-sale with write-downs to allowance for credit losses on loans.

Loans held-for-sale were $3.3 million at March 31, 2024, a decrease of $1.9 million, or 36.8%, from $5.2 million at December 31, 2023. The decrease was primarily due to sales of $19.4 million and pay-offs and pay-downs of $1.6 million, partially offset by new funding of $19.1 million.

Loans Held-For-Investment and Allowance for Credit Losses

The following table presents the composition of the Company’s loans held-for-investment as of the dates indicated:


	March 31, 2024					December 31, 2024
($ in thousands)	Amount			Percentage to Total		Amount			Percentage to Total
Commercial real estate:
Commercial property	$	874,300		36.5	%	$	855,270		36.8	%
Business property	578,903			24.1	%	558,772			24.0	%
Multifamily	131,742			5.5	%	132,500			5.7	%
Construction	29,212			1.2	%	24,843			1.1	%
Total commercial real estate	1,614,157			67.3	%	1,571,385			67.6	%
Commercial and industrial	371,934			15.5	%	342,002			14.7	%
Consumer:
Residential mortgage	389,888			16.3	%	389,420			16.8	%
Other consumer	21,985			0.9	%	20,645			0.9	%
Total consumer	411,873			17.2	%	410,065			17.7	%
Loans held-for-investment	$	2,397,964		100.0	%	$	2,323,452		100.0	%
Allowance for credit losses on loans	(28,332)					(27,533)
Net loans held-for-investment	$	2,369,632				$	2,295,919

ACL on loans to loans held-for-investment	1.18		%			1.19		%

Loans held-for-investment were $2.40 billion at March 31, 2024, an increase of $74.5 million, or 3.2%, from $2.32 billion at December 31, 2023. The increase was primarily due to new funding and advances of $468.6 million, partially offset by paydowns and payoffs of $393.9 million.

The following table presents activities in ACL for the periods indicated:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
($ in thousands)	2024		2023
ACL on loans
Balance at beginning of period	$	27,533	$	24,942
Impact of ASC 326 adoption	—		1,067
Charge-offs	(185)		—
Recoveries	62		1,102
Provision (reversal) for credit losses on loans	922		(2,417)
Balance at end of period	$	28,332	$	24,694
ACL on off-balance sheet credit exposures
Balance at beginning of period	$	1,277	$	299
Impact of ASC 326 adoption	—		1,607
Provision (reversal) for credit losses on off-balance sheet credit exposure	168		(361)
Balance at end of period	$	1,445	$	1,545

The increase in ACL for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was primarily due to an increase in loans held-for-investment and reserve related to qualitative adjustment factors, partially offset by a decrease in quantitatively measured loss reserve requirement. The decrease in the quantitatively measured loss reserve requirement was primarily due to the improved economic forecasts by the FOMC. The projected 2024 year-end national unemployment rate improved from 4.1% in the December 2023 FOMC meeting to 4.0% in the March 2024 meeting. The projected year-over-year change in real GDP improved from 1.4% in the December 2023 meeting to 2.1% in the March 2024 meeting. These improved macroeconomic projections resulted in the decreases of PD and LGD rates across majority of the loan segments leading to lower overall expected loss measurements. Management believes that the projections used are reasonable and aligns with the Company’s expectation of the economic environment over the next 4 quarters.

The following tables present net charge-offs (recoveries) as a percentage to the average loan held-for-investment balances in each of the loan segments for the periods indicated:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024						2023
($ in thousands)	Average Balance		Net Charge-Offs (Recoveries)		Percentage		Average Balance		Net Charge-Offs (Recoveries)		Percentage
Commercial real estate:
Commercial property	$	860,145	$	—	—	%	$	771,809	$	—	—	%
Business property	573,133		(2)		(0.01)	%	524,396		(5)		(0.01)	%
Multifamily	134,333		—		—	%	125,129		—		—	%
Construction	26,790		—		—	%	17,831		—		—	%
Total commercial real estate	1,594,401		(2)		(0.01)	%	1,439,165		(5)		(0.01)	%
Commercial and industrial	354,966		146		0.16	%	249,913		(1,085)		(1.74)	%
Consumer:
Residential mortgage	389,280		—		—	%	336,263		—		—	%
Other consumer	21,052		(21)		(0.40)	%	22,545		(12)		(0.12)	%
Total consumer	410,332		(21)		(0.02)	%	358,808		(12)		(0.01)	%
Total	$	2,359,699	$	123	0.02	%	$	2,047,886	$	(1,102)	(0.22)	%

Nonperforming Loans and Nonperforming Assets

The following table presents a summary of total non-performing assets as of the dates indicated:


($ in thousands)	March 31, 2024			December 31, 2023			Amount Change		Percentage Change
Nonaccrual loans held-for-investment
Commercial real estate:
Commercial property	$	932		$	958		$	(26)	(2.7)	%
Business property	3,455			2,865			590		20.6	%


Total commercial real estate	4,387			3,823			564		14.8	%
Commercial and industrial	111			68			43		63.2	%
Consumer:
Residential mortgage	436			—			436		—	%
Other consumer	6			25			(19)		(76.0)	%
Total consumer	442			25			417		1,668.0	%
Total nonaccrual loans	4,940			3,916			1,024		26.1	%
Loans past due 90 days or more still on accrual	—			—			—		—	%
Nonperforming loans	4,940			3,916			1,024		26.1	%


Other real estate owned	—			2,558			(2,558)		(100.0)	%
Nonperforming assets	$	4,940		$	6,474		$	(1,534)	(23.7)	%

Nonaccrual loans to loans held-for-investment	0.21		%	0.17		%
Nonperforming assets to total assets	0.17		%	0.23		%
ACL on loans to nonaccrual loans	573.52		%	703.09		%

The increase in nonaccrual loans held-for-investment was primarily due to loans placed on nonaccrual status of $1.2 million during the three months ended March 31, 2024.

Loans are generally placed on nonaccrual status when they become 90 days past due, unless management believes the loan is well secured and in the process of collection. In all cases, loans are placed on nonaccrual if collection of principal or interest is considered doubtful. Past due loans may or may not be adequately collateralized, but collection efforts are continuously pursued. Loans may be restructured by management when a borrower experiences changes to their financial condition, causing an inability to meet the original repayment terms, and where management believes the borrower will eventually overcome those circumstances and repay the loan in full. Additional income of approximately $120 thousand would have been recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2024 had these loans been paid in accordance with their original terms throughout the periods indicated.

Deposits

The Bank gathers deposits primarily through its branch locations. The Bank offers a variety of deposit products including demand deposits accounts, NOW and money market accounts, savings accounts and time deposits. The following table presents a summary of the Company’s deposits as of the dates indicated:


($ in thousands)	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023		Amount Change		Percentage Change
Noninterest-bearing demand deposits	$	538,380	$	594,673	$	(56,293)	(9.5)	%
Interest-bearing deposits:
Savings	6,153		6,846		(693)		(10.1)	%
NOW	16,232		16,825		(593)		(3.5)	%
Retail money market accounts	461,221		397,531		63,690		16.0	%
Brokered money market accounts	1		1		—		—	%
Retail time deposits of:
$250,000 or less	471,528		456,293		15,235		3.3	%
More than $250,000	549,550		515,702		33,848		6.6	%

Brokered time deposits	299,775		303,741		(3,966)		(1.3)	%
Time deposits from California State Treasurer	60,000		60,000		—		—	%
Total interest-bearing deposits	1,864,460		1,756,939		107,521		6.1	%
Total deposits	$	2,402,840	$	2,351,612	$	51,228	2.2	%

Total deposits not covered by deposit insurance	$	1,017,696	$	954,591	63,105		6.6	%
Time deposits not covered by deposit insurance	$	432,582	$	408,637	23,945		5.9	%

The decrease in noninterest-bearing demand deposits was primarily due to strong deposit market competition and the migration of noninterest-bearing demand deposits to interest-bearing deposits. To retain existing and attract new customers, the Bank offers competitive rates on deposit products.

The increase in retail time deposits was primarily due to new accounts of $123.2 million and renewals of the matured accounts of $259.1 million, partially offset by matured and closed accounts of $341.9 million.

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, total deposits were comprised of 22.4% and 25.3%, respectively, of noninterest-bearing demand accounts, 20.1% and 17.9%, respectively, of savings, NOW and money market accounts, and 57.5% and 56.8%, respectively, of time deposits.

Deposits from certain officers, directors and their related interests with which they are associated held by the Company were $3.2 million and $2.8 million, respectively, at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

The following table presents the maturity of time deposits as of the dates indicated:


($ in thousands)	Three Months or Less		Three to Six Months		Six Months to One Year		Over One Year		Total
March 31, 2024
Time deposits of $250,000 or less	$	238,425	$	202,420	$	328,328	$	2,130	$	771,303
Time deposits of more than $250,000	176,091		62,924		369,535		1,000		609,550
Total	$	414,516	$	265,344	$	697,863	$	3,130	$	1,380,853
Not covered by deposit insurance	$	142,848	$	42,679	$	246,570	$	485	$	432,582
December 31, 2023
Time deposits of $250,000 or less	$	316,356	$	165,091	$	276,145	$	2,442	$	760,034
Time deposits of more than $250,000	207,539		140,583		224,557		3,023		575,702
Total	$	523,895	$	305,674	$	500,702	$	5,465	$	1,335,736
Not covered by deposit insurance	$	147,680	$	107,482	$	151,070	$	2,405	$	408,637

Shareholders’ Equity and Regulatory Capital

Capital Resources

Shareholders’ equity is influenced primarily by earnings, dividends paid on common stock and preferred stock, sales and redemptions of common stock and preferred stock, and changes in accumulated other comprehensive income caused primarily by fluctuations in unrealized gains or losses, net of taxes, on securities available-for-sale.

Shareholders’ equity was $350.0 million at March 31, 2024, an increase of $1.1 million, or 0.3%, from $348.9 million at December 31, 2023. The increase was primarily due to net income of $4.7 million, partially offset by dividends declared on common stock of $2.6 million and an increase in accumulated other comprehensive loss of $1.2 million.

Regulatory Capital Requirements

The Bank is subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal and state banking regulators. The Company is not currently subject to separate minimum capital requirements under the Federal Reserve’s “Small Bank Holding Company” policy. At such time as the Company reaches the $3 billion asset level, it will be subject to capital requirements independent of the Bank.

Failure to meet regulatory capital requirements may result in certain mandatory and possible additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Company’s financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for the prompt corrective action (“PCA”), the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of assets, liabilities and certain off-balance sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting policies. In addition to these uniform risk-based capital guidelines and leverage ratios that apply across the industry, the regulators have the discretion to set individual minimum capital requirements for specific institutions at rates significantly above the minimum guidelines and ratios.

The following table presents a summary of the capital requirements applicable to the Bank in order to be considered “well-capitalized” from a regulatory perspective, as well as the Bank’s capital ratios as of the dates indicated. For comparison purpose, the Company’s ratios are included as well, all of which would have exceeded the “well-capitalized” level under PCA had the Company been subject to separate capital minimums.


	PCB Bancorp		PCB Bank		Minimum Regulatory Requirements		Well Capitalized Requirements (Bank)
March 31, 2024
Common tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)	11.88	%	14.37	%	4.5	%	6.5	%
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)	15.93	%	15.59	%	8.0	%	10.0	%
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)	14.71	%	14.37	%	6.0	%	8.0	%
Tier 1 capital (to average assets)	12.73	%	12.44	%	4.0	%	5.0	%
December 31, 2023
Common tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)	12.23	%	14.85	%	4.5	%	6.5	%
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)	16.39	%	16.07	%	8.0	%	10.0	%
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)	15.16	%	14.85	%	6.0	%	8.0	%
Tier 1 capital (to average assets)	13.43	%	13.16	%	4.0	%	5.0	%

To avoid restrictions on dividends, share repurchases and discretionary compensation payments to executives, the federal banking agencies require a banking organization to maintain a capital conservation buffer of 2.50% in common tier 1 capital, in addition to the minimum capital ratios necessary to minimum regulatory requirements. The capital conservation buffer increases the minimum common equity Tier 1 capital ratio to 7%, the minimum Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets) ratio to 8.5% and the minimum total capital ratio (to risk-weighted assets) to 10.5% for banking organizations seeking to avoid the limitations on dividends, share repurchases and discretionary compensation payments to executives. The Company’s and the Bank’s capital conservation buffer were 7.38% and 7.58%, respectively, as of March 31, 2024, and 7.73% and 8.07%, respectively, as of December 31, 2023.

Emergency Capital Investment Program

On May 24, 2022, the Company issued 69,141 shares of Series C Preferred Stock for the capital investment of $69.1 million from the U.S. Treasury under the ECIP. The ECIP investment qualifies as tier 1 capital for purposes of the bank regulatory capital requirements.

Established by the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2021, the ECIP was created to encourage low- and moderate-income community financial institutions and minority depository institutions to provide loans, grants, and forbearance for small businesses, minority-owned businesses, and consumers, especially low-income and underserved communities, including persistent poverty counties, that may be disproportionately impacted by the economic effect of the COVID-19 pandemic by providing direct and indirect capital investments in low- and moderate-income community financial institutions.

The Company expects to pay the initial quarterly dividend at an annualized rate of 2% beginning in the second quarter of 2024.

Stock Repurchases

Liquidity

Liquidity refers to the measure of ability to meet the cash flow requirements of depositors and borrowers, while at the same time meeting operating cash flow and capital and strategic cash flow needs, all at a reasonable cost. The Company continuously monitors its liquidity position to ensure that assets and liabilities are managed in a manner that will meet all short-term and long-term cash requirements, while maintaining an appropriate balance between assets and liabilities to meet the return on investment objectives of the Company’s shareholders.

The Company’s liquidity position is supported by management of liquid assets and liabilities and access to alternative sources of funds. Liquid assets include cash, interest-bearing deposits in financial institutions, federal funds sold, and unpledged securities available-for-sale. Liquid liabilities may include core deposits, federal funds purchased, securities sold under repurchase agreements and other borrowings. Other sources of liquidity include the sale of loans, the ability to acquire additional national market non-core deposits, additional collateralized borrowings such as FHLB advances and Federal Reserve Discount Window, and the issuance of debt securities and preferred or common securities.

The Company’s short-term and long-term liquidity requirements are primarily to fund on-going operations, including payment of interest on deposits and debt, extensions of credit to borrowers, capital expenditures and shareholder dividends. These liquidity requirements are met primarily through cash flow from operations, redeployment of prepaying and maturing balances in loan and investment securities portfolios, increases in debt financing and other borrowings, and increases in customer deposits.

Integral to the Company’s liquidity management is the administration of borrowings. To the extent the Company is unable to obtain sufficient liquidity through core deposits, the Company seeks to meet its liquidity needs through wholesale funding or other borrowings on either a short or long-term basis.

The following table presents a summary of the Company’s liquidity position as of the dates indicated:


($ in thousands)	March 31, 2024			December 31, 2023			Amount Change		Percentage Change
Cash and cash equivalents	$	239,791		$	242,342		$	(2,551)	(1.1)	%
Cash and cash equivalents to total assets	8.4		%	8.7		%

Available borrowing capacity:
FHLB advances	$	642,726		$	602,976		39,750		6.6	%
Federal Reserve Discount Window	574,245			528,893			45,352		8.6	%
Overnight federal funds lines	65,000			65,000			—		—	%
Total	$	1,281,971		$	1,196,869		$	85,102	7.1	%
Total available borrowing capacity to total assets	44.9		%	42.9		%

The Company also maintains relationships in the capital markets with brokers and dealers to issue time deposits and money market accounts.

PCB Bancorp, on a stand-alone holding company basis, must provide for its own liquidity and its main source of funding is dividends from the Bank. There are statutory, regulatory and debt covenant limitations that affect the ability of the Bank to pay dividends to the holding company. Management believes that these limitations will not impact the Company’s ability to meet its ongoing short- and long-term cash obligations.

Off-Balance Credit Exposures and Contractual Obligations

Off-Balance Sheet Credit Exposures

The Company has limited off-balance sheet arrangements that have, or are reasonably likely to have, a current or future material effect on financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.

In the ordinary course of business, the Company enters into financial commitments to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial commitments include commitments to extend credit, unused lines of credit, commercial and similar letters of credit and standby letters of credit. Those instruments involve to varying degrees, elements of credit and interest rate risk not recognized in the Company’s financial statements.

The Company’s exposure to loan loss in the event of nonperformance on these financial commitments is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments. The Company uses the same credit policies in making commitments as it does for loans reflected in the consolidated financial statements.

Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Since many of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. The Company evaluates each client’s credit worthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained if deemed necessary is based on management’s credit evaluation of the customer. The following table presents outstanding financial commitments whose contractual amount represents credit risk as of the dates indicated:


	March 31, 2024				December 31, 2023
($ in thousands)	Fixed Rate		Variable Rate		Fixed Rate		Variable Rate
Unused lines of credit	$	8,586	$	375,447	$	2,808	$	347,652
Unfunded loan commitments	1,592		42,979		4,020		47,038
Standby letters of credit	—		6,423		4,638		1,786
Commercial letters of credit	—		135		—		160
Total	$	10,178	$	424,984	$	11,466	$	396,636

Contractual Obligations

The following table presents supplemental information regarding total contractual obligations as of the dates indicated:


($ in thousands)	Within One Year		One to Three Years		Three to Five Years		Over Five Years		Total
March 31, 2024
Time deposits	$	1,377,723	$	2,946	$	184	$	—	$	1,380,853

Operating leases	3,404		6,071		4,859		10,117		24,451
Total	$	1,431,127	$	9,017	$	5,043	$	10,117	$	1,455,304
December 31, 2023
Time deposits	$	1,330,271	$	5,279	$	186	$	—	$	1,335,736
FHLB advances	39,000		—		—		—		39,000
Operating leases	3,385		6,233		4,959		10,695		25,272
Total	$	1,372,656	$	11,512	$	5,145	$	10,695	$	1,400,008

Management believes that the Company will be able to meet its contractual obligations as they come due through the maintenance of adequate cash levels. Management expects to maintain adequate cash levels through profitability, loan and securities repayment and maturity activity and continued deposit gathering activities. The Company has in place various borrowing mechanisms for both short-term and long-term liquidity needs.

Item 3 - Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Market risk represents the risk of loss due to changes in market values of assets and liabilities. Market risk occurs in the normal course of business through exposures to market interest rates, equity prices, and credit spreads.

Overview

Interest rate risk is the risk to earnings and value arising from changes in market interest rates. Interest rate risk arises from timing differences in the repricings and maturities of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities (repricing risk), changes in the expected maturities of assets and liabilities arising from embedded options, such as borrowers’ ability to prepay residential mortgage loans at any time and depositors’ ability to redeem certificates of deposit before maturity (option risk), changes in the shape of the yield curve where interest rates increase or decrease in a nonparallel fashion (yield curve risk), and changes in spread relationships between different yield curves, such as U.S. Treasuries and Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) (basis risk).

The Company’s Board Asset Liability Committee (“ALCO”) establishes broad policy limits with respect to interest rate risk. Board ALCO establishes specific operating guidelines within the parameters of the Board of Directors’ policies. In general, The Company seeks to minimize the impact of changing interest rates on net interest income and the economic values of assets and liabilities. Board ALCO meets quarterly to monitor the level of interest rate risk sensitivity to ensure compliance with the Board of Directors’ approved risk limits. The Company also has a Management ALCO, which is comprised of the senior management team and the Chief Executive Officer, to proactively monitor interest rate risk.

Interest rate risk management is an active process that encompasses monitoring loan and deposit flows complemented by investment and funding activities. Effective management of interest rate risk begins with understanding the dynamic characteristics of assets and liabilities and determining the appropriate interest rate risk posture given business forecasts, management objectives, market expectations, and policy constraints.

An asset sensitive position refers to a balance sheet position in which an increase in short-term interest rates is expected to generate higher net interest income, as rates earned on interest-earning assets would reprice upward more quickly than rates paid on interest-bearing liabilities, thus expanding net interest margin. Conversely, a liability sensitive position refers to a balance sheet position in which an increase in short-term interest rates is expected to generate lower net interest income, as rates paid on interest-bearing liabilities would reprice upward more quickly than rates earned on interest-earning assets, thus compressing net interest margin.

Measurement

Interest rate risk exposure is measured and monitored through various risk management tools, which include a simulation model that performs interest rate sensitivity analyses under multiple interest rate scenarios. Interest rate risk measurement is calculated and reported to the Board ALCO at least quarterly. The information reported includes period-end results and identifies any policy limits exceeded, along with an assessment of the policy limit breach and the action plan and timeline for resolution, mitigation, or assumption of the risk.

The Company uses two approaches to model interest rate risk: Net Interest Income at Risk (“NII at Risk”), and Economic Value of Equity (“EVE”). Under NII at Risk, net interest income is modeled utilizing various assumptions for assets, liabilities, and derivatives. The Company uses a static balance sheet to perform these analyses. EVE measures the period end market value of assets minus the market value of liabilities and the change in this value as rates change. EVE simulation reflects the effect of interest rate shifts on the value of the Company. In contrast to NII simulation, EVE simulation identifies risks arising from repricing or maturity gaps over the life of the balance sheet. The EVE approach provides a comparatively broader scope than the NII at Risk approach since it captures all anticipated cash flows.

Simulation results are highly dependent on input assumptions. To the extent the actual behavior is different from the assumption used in the models, there could be material changes in results. The assumptions applied in the model are documented, supported, and periodically back-tested to assess the reasonableness and effectiveness. The Company makes appropriate changes to the model as needed and these changes are reviewed by Board and Management ALCOs. The Company also continuously validates the model, methodology and results. Scenario results do not reflect strategies that the management could employ to limit the impact of changing interest rate expectations.

As part of the Company’s continuous evaluation and periodic enhancements to its NII and EVE calculations. The model incorporate deposit repricing assumptions impacting both consumer and wholesale deposits, deposit behavior assumption related to its non-maturity deposits, and prepayment assumptions related to its loan portfolio. The model change incorporated observed pricing and customer behavior in both rising and falling interest rate environments. The model is updated annually and was last evaluated during the third quarter of 2023.

The following table presents the projected changes in NII at Risk and EVE that would occur upon an immediate change in interest rates based on independent analysis as of the dates indicated, but without giving effect to any steps that management might take to counteract changes:


	March 31, 2024				December 31, 2023
Simulated Rate Changes	Net Interest Income Sensitivity		Economic Value of Equity Sensitivity		Net Interest Income Sensitivity		Economic Value of Equity Sensitivity

+200	8.7	%	(2.2)	%	7.0	%	(6.8)	%
+100	4.4	%	(4.9)	%	3.6	%	(3.1)	%
-100	(5.4)	%	0.6	%	(4.3)	%	1.8	%
-200	(11.6)	%	(1.9)	%	(9.4)	%	—	%

On March 20, 2024, the FOMC kept the upper range of the Fed Funds Target Rate unchanged at 5.50%, a level which the Committee has maintained since July 26, 2023. In the accompanying statement, they added, “The Committee does not expect it will be appropriate to reduce the target range until it has gained greater confidence that inflation is moving sustainably toward 2 percent.” The Federal Reserve noted that inflation remains elevated and reiterated that the Committee remains highly attentive to inflation risk.

As of March 31, 2024, the Company’s net interest income sensitivity results exhibit an asset sensitive profile. Net interest income is expected to increase when interest rates rise, as the Company has a large proportion of variable rate loans in its loan portfolio, primarily linked to Prime Rate indices, that are sensitive to changes in short-term interest rates. The Company’s deposit portfolio is also sensitive to changes in short-term interest rates, even though a large portion of its deposit mix is composed of non-maturity deposits that are not directly tied to short-term interest rate indices. The modeled results are highly sensitive to reinvestment yield and deposit beta assumptions. Actual results in net interest income during a period of rising interest rates may vary from the Company’s net interest income sensitivity results, as the actual result reflects earnings asset growth and deposit mix changes based on customer preferences relative to the interest rate environment.

The Company’s EVE sensitivity reflects a slight liability sensitive profile due to the continuing deposit mix shift from non-maturity deposits to time deposits. The model result is highly sensitive to deposit behaviors as well as loan prepayment assumptions. Due to the uncertainty of the current economic forecast, and timing and direction of future interest rate movements, actual result may vary from the Company’s EVE sensitivity results.

Item 4 - Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

An evaluation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Act”), as of March 31, 2024 was carried out under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and other members of the Company’s senior management. The Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of March 31, 2024, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective in ensuring that the information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports it files or submits under the Act is: (i) accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management (including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer) to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure; and (ii) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the three months ended March 31, 2024 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Part II - Other Information

Item 1 - Legal Proceedings

In the normal course of business, the Company is involved in various legal claims. Management has reviewed all legal claims against the Company with counsel and have taken into consideration the views of such counsel as to the potential outcome of the claims in determining the accrued loss contingency. The Company did not have any accrued loss contingencies for legal claims at March 31, 2024. It is reasonably possible the Company may incur losses in addition to the amounts currently accrued. However, at this time, the Company is unable to estimate the range of additional losses that are reasonably possible because of a number of factors, including the fact that certain of these litigation matters are still in their early stages and involve claims for which, at this point, the Company believes have little to no merit. Management has considered these and other possible loss contingencies and does not expect the amounts to be material to the consolidated financial statements.

Network and Data Incident

On December 16, 2021, Plaintiff Min Woo Bae, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated, filed in the Los Angeles County Superior Court a complaint based on the incident for damages, injunctive relief, and equitable relief, styled Min Woo Bae v. Pacific City Bank, Case Number 21STCV45922 (“the Matter”). During the three months ended September 30, 2023, the Bank agreed to settle this matter in exchange for $700 thousand to the putative class members, including costs of settlement administration, and attorneys’ fees and costs. The Bank received preliminary court approval of the settlement and notice was provided to members of the proposed class during the three months ended September 30, 2023. The court has scheduled a final approval hearing for May 30, 2024.

The Company expects that the full amount of the final settlement will be covered under the Company’s applicable insurance policies.

Item 1A - Risk Factors

Management is not aware of any material changes to the risk factors that appeared under “Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors” in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. In addition to the other information set forth in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, you should carefully consider the risk factors discussed in Part 1, Item 1A, of the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, which could materially and adversely affect the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations and stock price. The risks described in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in the Annual Report on Form 10-K are not the only risks facing the Company. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to management or that management presently believes not to be material may also result in material and adverse effects on the Company’s business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Item 2 - Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

There were no unregistered sales of equity securities during the three months ended March 31, 2024.

The following table presents share repurchase activities during the periods indicated:


($ in thousands, except per share data)	Total Number of Shares Purchased	Average Price Paid Per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Program	Number of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Program
From January 1, 2024 to January 31, 2024	—	$	—	—	592,724
From February 1, 2024 to February 29, 2024	—	—		—	592,724
From March 1, 2024 to March 31, 2024	—	—		—	592,724
Total	—	$	—	—

Item 3 - Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4 - Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5 - Other Information

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, no officer or director of the Company adopted or terminated any contract, instruction, or written plan for the purchase or sale of securities of the Company’s common stock that is intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Securities Exchange Act Rule 10b5-1(c) or any non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement as defined in 17 CFR § 229.408(c).

Item 6 - Exhibits


Exhibit Number	Description	Form	File No.	Exhibit	Filing Date
3.1	Articles of Incorporation of PCB Bancorp, as amended	10-Q	001-38621	3.1	August 8, 2019
3.2	Bylaws of PCB Bancorp	10-K	001-38621	3.2	March 12, 2024
3.3	Certificate of Determination for Senior Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series C	8-K	001-38621	3.1	May 24, 2022
4.1	Specimen common stock certificate of PCB Bancorp	10-Q	001-38621	4.1	August 8, 2019
4.2	Description of Capital Stock	10-Q	001-38621	4.2	August 4, 2022
4.3	Form of Certificate for Senior Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series C	8-K	001-38621	4.1	May 24, 2022
10.1	Employment Agreement, dated January 1, 2018, between Pacific City Financial Corporation and Henry Kim	S-1	333-226208	10.1	July 17, 2018
10.1A	First Amendment to Employment Agreement, dated August 26, 2021, among PCB Bancorp, Pacific City Bank and Henry Kim	10-Q	001-38621	10.1A	November 8, 2021
10.1B	Second Amendment to Employee Agreement, dated December 28, 2021, among PCB Bancorp, Pacific City Bank and Henry Kim	10-K	001-38621	10.1B	March 4, 2022
10.2	2023 Equity Based Compensation Plan	S-8	333-272874	4.1	June 23, 2023
10.3	Form of Stock Option Award Agreement under 2023 Equity Based Compensation Plan	8-K	001-38621	10.1	July 27, 2023
10.4	Form of Restricted Stock Award Agreement under 2023 Equity Based Compensation Plan	8-K	001-38621	10.2	July 27, 2023
10.5	2013 Equity Based Compensation Plan, as amended	S-1	333-226208	10.2	July 17, 2018
10.6	Form of Stock Option Award Agreement under 2013 Equity Based Compensation Plan	S-1	333-226208	10.3	July 17, 2018
10.7	Form of Restricted Stock Award Agreement under 2013 Equity Based Compensation Plan	S-1	333-226208	10.4	July 17, 2018
10.8	Letter Agreement, dated May 24, 2022, between PCB Bancorp and the U.S. Department of Treasury, with respect to the issuance of Senior Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series C	8-K	001-38621	10.1	May 24, 2022
31.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002*
31.2	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002*
32.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002**
32.2	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002**
97	PCB Bancorp Compensation Clawback Policy dated March 11, 2024	10-K	001-38621	3.2	March 12, 2024
101.INS	The instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document
101.SCH	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document*
101.CAL	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document*
101.DEF	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document*
101.LAB	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document*
101.PRE	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document*
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document and contained in Exhibit 101)*

* Filed herewith

** Furnished herewith

Signatures

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


		PCB Bancorp

Date:	May 7, 2024	/s/ Henry Kim
		Henry Kim
		President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)

Date:	May 7, 2024	/s/ Timothy Chang
		Timothy Chang
		Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)