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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2024
or
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from ___ to ___
Commission File Number1-31993
Sterling Infra Inc Logo_4C.jpg
STERLING INFRASTRUCTURE, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware25-1655321
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation
or organization)
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
  
1800 Hughes Landing Blvd.
The Woodlands, Texas
 
77380
(Address of principal executive offices)(Zip Code)
  
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code:  (281) 214-0777
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Common Stock, $0.01 par value per shareSTRLNASDAQ
(Title of each class)(Trading Symbol)(Name of each exchange on which registered)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. þYes ¨ No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). þ Yes ¨ No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filerAccelerated filer
Non-accelerated filer¨Smaller reporting company
Emerging growth company
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes þ No
The number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s common stock as of November 5, 2024 – 30,713,105



STERLING INFRASTRUCTURE, INC.
QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q
TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
2


PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
 
STERLING INFRASTRUCTURE, INC. & SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(In thousands, except per share data)
(Unaudited)
 Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
 2024202320242023
Revenues$593,741 $560,347 $1,616,923 $1,486,251 
Cost of revenues(463,942)(468,480)(1,297,477)(1,240,368)
Gross profit129,799 91,867 319,446 245,883 
General and administrative expense(30,672)(25,237)(85,826)(72,592)
Intangible asset amortization(4,280)(3,736)(12,857)(11,209)
Acquisition related costs(72)(103)(209)(352)
Other operating expense, net(7,283)(5,654)(18,203)(11,703)
Operating income87,492 57,137 202,351 150,027 
Interest income7,591 4,150 19,798 8,327 
Interest expense(6,286)(7,257)(19,463)(22,516)
Income before income taxes88,797 54,030 202,686 135,838 
Income tax expense(23,404)(13,891)(48,960)(35,429)
Net income, including noncontrolling interests65,393 40,139 153,726 100,409 
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests(4,072)(786)(9,478)(1,927)
Net income attributable to Sterling common stockholders$61,321 $39,353 $144,248 $98,482 
Net income per share attributable to Sterling common stockholders:
Basic$2.00 $1.28 $4.67 $3.20 
Diluted$1.97 $1.26 $4.63 $3.17 
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic30,73530,80030,87530,733
Diluted31,07031,21731,18431,048
 
The accompanying Notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
3


STERLING INFRASTRUCTURE, INC. & SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands, except per share data)
(Unaudited)
September 30,December 31,
 20242023
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents ($69,549 and $24,325 related to variable interest entities (“VIEs”))
$648,127 $471,563 
Accounts receivable ($8,749 and $1,771 related to VIEs)
329,882 252,435 
Contract assets ($5,317 and $0 related to VIEs)
79,736 88,600 
Receivables from and equity in construction joint ventures 7,814 17,506 
Other current assets18,086 17,875 
Total current assets1,083,645 847,979 
Property and equipment, net270,532 243,648 
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net54,748 57,235 
Goodwill281,363 281,117 
Other intangibles, net315,540 328,397 
Other non-current assets, net17,757 18,808 
Total assets$2,023,585 $1,777,184 
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable ($22,229 and $2,973 related to VIEs)
$160,199 $145,968 
Contract liabilities ($30,122 and $15,741 related to VIEs)
563,531 444,160 
Current maturities of long-term debt26,425 26,520 
Current portion of long-term lease obligations19,531 19,641 
Accrued compensation43,198 27,758 
Other current liabilities26,152 14,121 
Total current liabilities839,036 678,168 
Long-term debt296,185 314,996 
Long-term lease obligations35,445 37,722 
Members’ interest subject to mandatory redemption and undistributed earnings23,417 29,108 
Deferred tax liability, net82,894 76,764 
Other long-term liabilities15,666 16,573 
Total liabilities1,292,643 1,153,331 
Commitments and contingencies (Note 10)
Stockholders’ equity:
Common stock, par value $0.01 per share; 58,000 shares authorized, 31,164 and 30,926 shares issued and 30,693 and 30,926 shares outstanding
312 309 
Additional paid in capital295,831 293,570 
Treasury stock, at cost: 471 and 0 shares
(48,901) 
Retained earnings469,282 325,034 
Total Sterling stockholders’ equity716,524 618,913 
Noncontrolling interests14,418 4,940 
Total stockholders’ equity730,942 623,853 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity$2,023,585 $1,777,184 

The accompanying Notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
4


STERLING INFRASTRUCTURE, INC. & SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)
Nine Months Ended September 30,
20242023
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income$153,726 $100,409 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization50,546 42,529 
Amortization of debt issuance costs and non-cash interest877 1,334 
Gain on disposal of property and equipment(3,280)(4,102)
Deferred taxes6,107 10,188 
Stock-based compensation13,753 10,975 
Changes in operating assets and liabilities (Note 14)
101,106 169,882 
Net cash provided by operating activities322,835 331,215 
Cash flows from investing activities:
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired(4,827) 
Disposition proceeds 14,000 
Capital expenditures(65,309)(49,244)
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment7,834 9,607 
Net cash used in investing activities(62,302)(25,637)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Repayments of debt(19,931)(76,850)
Repurchase of common stock(50,596) 
Withholding taxes paid on net share settlement of equity awards(13,408)(4,579)
Other(34)(16)
Net cash used in financing activities(83,969)(81,445)
Net change in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash176,564 224,133 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period471,563 185,265 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period648,127 409,398 
Less: restricted cash  
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period$648,127 $409,398 
Non-cash items:
Capital expenditures$247 $4,151 

The accompanying Notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
5


STERLING INFRASTRUCTURE, INC. & SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
Common StockAdditional Paid in CapitalTreasury StockRetained EarningsTotal Sterling Stockholders’ EquityNoncontrolling InterestsTotal Stockholders’ Equity
SharesAmountSharesAmount
Balance at December 31, 202330,926 $309 $293,570  $ $325,034 $618,913 $4,940 $623,853 
Net income— — — — — 31,048 31,048 2,711 33,759 
Stock-based compensation— — 7,248 — — — 7,248 — 7,248 
Issuance of stock358 2 370 — — — 372 — 372 
Shares withheld for taxes(124)— (13,015)— — — (13,015)— (13,015)
Balance at March 31, 202431,160 $311 $288,173  $ $356,082 $644,566 $7,651 $652,217 
Net income— — — — — 51,879 51,879 2,695 54,574 
Stock-based compensation— — 4,273 — — — 4,273 — 4,273 
Repurchase of common stock(299)— — 299 (30,142)— (30,142)— (30,142)
Issuance of stock17 1 (1,016)(13)1,385 — 370 — 370 
Shares withheld for taxes(2)— — 2 (249)— (249)— (249)
Other— — (29)— — — (29)— (29)
Balance at June 30, 202430,876 $312 $291,401 288 $(29,006)$407,961 $670,668 $10,346 $681,014 
Net income— — — — — 61,321 61,321 4,072 65,393 
Stock-based compensation— — 4,776 — — — 4,776 — 4,776 
Repurchase of common stock(188)— — 188 (20,454)— (20,454)— (20,454)
Issuance of stock6 — (339)(6)703 — 364 — 364 
Shares withheld for taxes(1)— — 1 (144)— (144)— (144)
Other— — (7)— — — (7)— (7)
Balance at September 30, 202430,693 $312 $295,831 471 $(48,901)$469,282 $716,524 $14,418 $730,942 
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Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
Common StockAdditional Paid in CapitalRetained EarningsTotal Sterling Stockholders’ EquityNoncontrolling InterestsTotal Stockholders’ Equity
SharesAmount
Balance at December 31, 202230,585 $306 $287,914 $186,379 $474,599 $3,200 $477,799 
Net income— — — 19,649 19,649 391 20,040 
Stock-based compensation— — 4,486 — 4,486 — 4,486 
Issuance of stock316 2 216 — 218 — 218 
Shares withheld for taxes(111)— (4,288)— (4,288)— (4,288)
Balance at March 31, 202330,790 $308 $288,328 206,028 $494,664 $3,591 $498,255 
Net income— — — 39,480 39,480 750 40,230 
Stock-based compensation— — 3,270 — 3,270 — 3,270 
Issuance of stock27 — 199 — 199 — 199 
Shares withheld for taxes(1)— (40)— (40)— (40)
Balance at June 30, 202330,816 $308 $291,757 245,508 $537,573 $4,341 $541,914 
Net income— — — 39,353 39,353 786 40,139 
Stock-based compensation— — 3,448 — 3,448 — 3,448 
Issuance of stock15 — 240 — 240 — 240 
Shares withheld for taxes(3)— (251)— (251)— (251)
Other— — (16)— (16)— (16)
Balance at September 30, 202330,828 $308 $295,178 284,861 $580,347 $5,127 $585,474 
The accompanying Notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
7


STERLING INFRASTRUCTURE, INC. & SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30, 2024
($ and share values in thousands, except per share data)
(Unaudited)
1.NATURE OF OPERATIONS
Business Summary
Sterling Infrastructure, Inc., (“Sterling,” “the Company,” “we,” “our” or “us”), a Delaware corporation, operates through a variety of subsidiaries within three segments specializing in E-Infrastructure, Transportation and Building Solutions in the United States, primarily across the Southern, Northeastern, Mid-Atlantic and Rocky Mountain regions and the Pacific Islands. E-Infrastructure Solutions provides advanced, large-scale site development services for manufacturing, data centers, e-commerce distribution centers, warehousing, power generation and more. Transportation Solutions includes infrastructure and rehabilitation projects for highways, roads, bridges, airports, ports, rail and storm drainage systems. Building Solutions includes residential and commercial concrete foundations for single-family and multi-family homes, parking structures, elevated slabs, other concrete work and plumbing services for new single-family residential builds. From strategy to operations, we are committed to sustainability by operating responsibly to safeguard and improve society’s quality of life. Caring for our people and our communities, our customers and our investors – that is The Sterling Way.
2.BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of Presentation
Presentation Basis—The accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are presented in accordance with accounting policies generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) and reflect all wholly owned subsidiaries and those entities the Company is required to consolidate. See the “Consolidated 50% Owned Subsidiary” section of this Note and Note 5 - Construction Joint Ventures for further discussion of the Company’s consolidation policy for those entities that are not wholly owned. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Values presented within the Notes (excluding per share data) are in thousands.
Estimates and Judgments—The preparation of the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in conformance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Certain accounting estimates of the Company require a higher degree of judgment than others in their application. These include the recognition of revenue and earnings from construction contracts over time, the valuation of long-lived assets, goodwill and purchase accounting estimates. Management continually evaluates all of its estimates and judgments based on available information and experience; however, actual results could differ from these estimates.
Significant Accounting Policies
Consistent with Regulation S-X Rule 10-1(a), the Company has omitted significant accounting policies in this quarterly report that would duplicate the disclosures contained in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 under “Part II, Item 8. - Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.” This quarterly report should be read in conjunction with the Company’s most recent annual report on Form 10-K.
Accounts Receivable—Receivables are generally based on amounts billed to the customer in accordance with contractual provisions. Receivables are written off based on the individual credit evaluation and specific circumstances of the customer, when such treatment is warranted. The Company performs a review of outstanding receivables, historical collection information and existing economic conditions to determine if there are potential uncollectible receivables. At September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, our allowance for our estimate of expected credit losses was zero.
Contracts in Progress—For performance obligations satisfied over time, amounts are billed as work progresses in accordance with agreed-upon contractual terms, either at periodic intervals (e.g., biweekly or monthly) or upon achievement of contractual milestones. Typically, Sterling bills for advances or deposits from its customers before revenue is recognized, resulting in contract liabilities. However, the Company occasionally bills subsequent to revenue recognition, resulting in contract assets.
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Many of the contracts under which the Company performs work also contain retainage provisions. Retainage refers to that portion of our billings held for payment by the customer pending satisfactory completion of the project. Unless reserved, the Company assumes that all amounts retained by customers under such provisions are fully collectible. At September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, contract assets included $48,968 and $56,855 of retainage, respectively, and contract liabilities included $93,837 and $86,895 of retainage, respectively. Retainage on active contracts is classified as current regardless of the term of the contract and is generally collected within one year of the completion of a contract. We anticipate collecting approximately 70% of our September 30, 2024 retainage during the next twelve months, and the balance thereafter. These assets and liabilities are reported on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet within “Contract assets” and “Contract liabilities” on a contract-by-contract basis at the end of each reporting period.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, contract assets decreased by $8,864 compared to December 31, 2023, primarily due to lower unbilled revenue and a decrease in retainage. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, contract liabilities increased by $119,371 compared to December 31, 2023, due to the timing of advance billings and work progression, partly offset by an increase in retainage. Revenue recognized for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 that was included in the contract liability balance on December 31, 2023 was $66,453 and $301,517, respectively. Revenue recognized for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 that was included in the contract liability balance on December 31, 2022 was $25,515 and $172,941, respectively.
Consolidated 50% Owned Subsidiary—The Company has a 50% ownership interest in a subsidiary that it fully consolidates as a result of its exercise of control of the entity. The results attributable to the 50% portion that the Company does not own are eliminated within “Other operating expense, net” within the Consolidated Statements of Operations and an associated liability is established within “Members’ interest subject to mandatory redemption and undistributed earnings” within the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The subsidiary also has a mandatory redemption provision which, under circumstances that are certain to occur, obligates the Company to purchase the remaining 50% interest. The purchase obligation is also recorded in “Members’ interest subject to mandatory redemption and undistributed earnings” on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash—Our cash and cash equivalents are comprised of highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less. The Company maintains its cash and cash equivalents at major financial institutions. The cash and cash equivalents balance at one or more of these financial institutions exceeds the Federal Depository Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) insurance coverage. The Company periodically assesses the credit risk associated with these financial institutions and believes that the risk of loss is minimal. There was no restricted cash included in “Other current assets” on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Restricted cash primarily represents cash deposited by the Company into separate accounts and designated as collateral for standby letters of credit in the same amount in accordance with contractual agreements.
New Accounting Pronouncements
In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, “Segment Reporting - Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures” which requires companies to disclose significant segment expense categories and amounts for each reportable segment. A significant segment expense is an expense that is significant to the segment, regularly provided to or easily computed from information regularly provided to the Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”), and included in the reported measure of segment profit or loss. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company plans to adopt the provisions of ASU 2023-07 in the fourth quarter of 2024. This ASU affects financial statement disclosure only, and its adoption will not affect our results of operations or financial position.
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, “Improvements to Income Tax Disclosure” which requires companies to disclose disaggregated information about a reporting entity’s effective tax rate reconciliation, using both percentages and reporting currency amounts for specific standardized categories. Separate disclosures will be required for any reconciling items that are equal to or greater than a specified quantitative threshold. The guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company plans to adopt the provisions of ASU 2023-09 in fiscal year 2025. This ASU affects financial statement disclosure only, and its adoption will not affect our results of operations or financial position.
9


3.ACQUISITIONS
PPG Acquisition
On November 16, 2023, Sterling acquired Professional Plumbers Group, Incorporated (“PPG”) (the “PPG Acquisition”). PPG provides all the major plumbing phases for new residential builds, expanding Sterling’s suite of residential services in the Dallas-Fort Worth market. The PPG Acquisition is accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with ASC Topic 805, Business Combinations. The results of PPG are included within our Building Solutions segment.
Purchase Consideration—Sterling completed the PPG Acquisition for a purchase price of $56,693, net of cash acquired, detailed as follows:
Cash consideration transferred, net of cash acquired$50,002 
Earn-out (1)
4,500
Target working capital adjustment2,191
Total fair value of consideration$56,693 
(1) The earn-out arrangement requires the Company to pay up to $20,000 based upon PPG’s achievement of certain cumulative EBITDA targets for a three year period ending on December 31, 2026. No payment shall be made if the cumulative EBITDA targets are not achieved.
Preliminary Purchase Price Allocation—The aggregate purchase price noted above was allocated to the assets and liabilities acquired based upon their estimated fair values at the acquisition closing date, which were based, in part, upon a preliminary external appraisal and valuation of certain assets, including specifically identified intangible assets. The excess of the fair value of consideration over the preliminary estimated fair value of the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired totaling $18,671 was recorded as goodwill. This goodwill represents the value of expected future earnings and cash flows, as well as the synergies created by the integration of the new business within our organization, including cross-selling opportunities to help strengthen our existing service offerings and expand our market position. The goodwill and intangibles related to the acquisition are not expected to be deductible for tax purposes.
The following table summarizes our preliminary purchase price allocation at the acquisition closing date, net of cash acquired:
Net tangible assets (liabilities):
Accounts receivable$2,588 
Other current assets1,460 
Property and equipment, net1,679 
Other non-current assets, net2,394 
Accounts payable(1,268)
Deferred tax liability(10,525)
Other current and non-current liabilities(2,806)
Total net tangible liabilities(6,478)
Identifiable intangible assets44,500 
Goodwill18,671 
Total fair value of consideration transferred$56,693 
During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the total consideration and purchase price allocation changed by $38, primarily due to the finalization of the working capital adjustment. The purchase price allocation above is subject to further change when additional information is obtained. We have not finalized our assessment of the fair values primarily for intangible assets and property and equipment. We intend to finalize the purchase price allocation as soon as practicable within the measurement period, but in no event later than one year following the closing date of the PPG Acquisition. Our final purchase price allocation may result in additional adjustments to various other assets and liabilities, including the residual amount allocated to goodwill during the measurement period.
10


Identifiable Intangible AssetsIntangible assets identified as part of the PPG Acquisition are reflected in the table below and are recorded at their estimated fair value, as determined by the Company’s management, based on available information which includes a valuation from external experts. The estimated useful lives for intangible assets were determined based upon the remaining useful economic lives of the intangible assets that are expected to contribute directly or indirectly to future cash flows.
Weighted Average Life (Years)November 16, 2023
Fair Value
Customer relationships20$43,400 
Trade names151,100 
Total$44,500 
Supplemental Pro Forma Information (Unaudited)The following unaudited pro forma combined financial information (“the pro forma financial information”) gives effect to the PPG Acquisition, accounted for as a business combination using the acquisition method of accounting. The pro forma financial information reflects the PPG Acquisition and related events as if they occurred at the beginning of the period and includes adjustments to (1) include additional intangible asset amortization associated with the PPG Acquisition, (2) include additional depreciation, G&A and tax expense, and (3) include the pro forma results of PPG for the period ended September 30, 2023. This pro forma financial information has been presented for illustrative purposes only and is not necessarily indicative of the operating results that would have been achieved had the pro forma events taken place on the dates indicated. Further, the pro forma financial information does not purport to project the future operating results of the combined company following the PPG Acquisition.
 Three Months Ended September 30, 2023Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
Pro forma revenue$576,864 $1,530,982 
Pro forma net income$42,216 $106,195 
4.REVENUE FROM CUSTOMERS
Remaining Performance Obligations (“RPOs”)—RPOs represent the aggregate amount of our contract transaction price related to performance obligations that are unsatisfied or partially satisfied at the end of the period. RPOs include the entire expected revenue values for joint ventures we consolidate and our proportionate value for those we proportionately consolidate. RPOs may not be indicative of future operating results. Projects included in RPOs may be canceled or modified by customers; however, the customer would be obligated to compensate the Company for additional contractual costs for cancellation or modifications. The following table presents the Company’s RPOs, by segment:
September 30, 2024December 31, 2023
E-Infrastructure Solutions RPOs$918,542 $813,729 
Transportation Solutions RPOs1,083,567 1,184,496 
Building Solutions RPOs - Commercial52,972 68,791 
Total RPOs$2,055,081 $2,067,016 
The Company expects to recognize approximately 60% of its RPOs as revenue during the next twelve months, and the balance thereafter.
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Revenue DisaggregationThe following tables present the Company’s revenue disaggregated by major end market and contract type:
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
Revenues by major end market2024202320242023
E-Infrastructure Solutions Revenues$263,899 $253,948 $689,687 $719,936 
Heavy Highway169,388 146,864 424,628 327,440 
Aviation22,964 18,948 63,738 50,694 
Other Services
34,899 27,184 120,629 77,089 
Transportation Solutions Revenues227,251 192,996 608,995 455,223 
Residential70,374 77,866 238,825 204,993 
Commercial32,217 35,537 79,416 106,099 
Building Solutions Revenues102,591 113,403 318,241 311,092 
Total Revenues$593,741 $560,347 $1,616,923 $1,486,251 
Revenues by contract type
Lump-Sum$292,365 $291,149 $791,227 $822,663 
Fixed-Unit Price226,969 190,170 579,127 454,359 
Residential and Other74,407 79,028 246,569 209,229 
Total Revenues$593,741 $560,347 $1,616,923 $1,486,251 
Variable Consideration
The Company has projects that it is in the process of negotiating, or awaiting final approval of, unapproved change orders and claims with its customers. The Company is proceeding with its contractual rights to recoup additional costs incurred from its customers based on completing work associated with change orders, including change orders with pending change order pricing, or claims related to significant changes in scope which resulted in substantial delays and additional costs in completing the work. Unapproved change order and claim information has been provided to the Company’s customers and negotiations with the customers are ongoing. If additional progress with an acceptable resolution is not reached, legal action will be taken. Based upon the Company’s review of the provisions of its contracts, specific costs incurred and other related evidence supporting the unapproved change orders and claims, together in some cases as necessary with the views of the Company’s outside claim consultants, the Company concluded it was appropriate to include in project price amounts of $5,000 and $5,225, at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, relating to unapproved change orders and claims. Provisions for estimated losses on uncompleted contracts are made in the period in which such losses are determined.
Contract Estimates
Accounting for long-term contracts and programs involves the use of various techniques to estimate total contract revenue and costs. For long-term contracts, the Company estimates the profit on a contract as the difference between the total estimated revenue and expected costs to complete a contract and recognizes such profit over the life of the contract. Contract estimates are based on various assumptions to project the outcome of future events that often span several years. These assumptions include labor productivity and availability, the complexity of the work to be performed, the cost and availability of materials and the performance of subcontractors. Changes in job performance, job conditions and estimated profitability, including those changes arising from contract penalty provisions and final contract settlements, may result in changes in revenue and are recognized in the period in which the changes are determined. Changes in contract estimates on performance obligations satisfied or partially satisfied in previous periods resulted in net revenue increases of $46,890 and $99,241 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, and net revenue increases of $19,822 and $36,557 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively.
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5.CONSTRUCTION JOINT VENTURES
Joint Ventures with a Controlling Interest—We consolidate any venture that is determined to be a VIE for which we are the primary beneficiary, or which we otherwise effectively control. The equity held by the remaining owners and their portions of net income (loss) are reflected in stockholders’ equity on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets line item “Noncontrolling interests” and in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations line item “Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests,” respectively.
Summary VIE financial information is as follows:
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2024202320242023
Revenues$56,491 $8,964 $127,373 $34,227 
Operating income$7,953 $599 $18,473 $2,281 
Net income$8,824 $966 $20,512 $3,119 
Joint Ventures with a Noncontrolling Interest—The Company accounts for unconsolidated joint ventures using a pro-rata basis in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and as a single line item (“Receivables from and equity in construction joint ventures”) in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. This method is a permissible modification of the equity method of accounting which is a common practice in the construction industry. Combined financial amounts of joint ventures in which the Company has a noncontrolling interest and the Company’s share of such amounts which are included in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are shown below:
September 30, 2024December 31, 2023
Current assets$53,158 $51,604 
Current liabilities$(35,023)$(10,081)
Receivables from and equity in construction joint ventures$7,814 $17,506 
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2024202320242023
Revenues$23,137 $17,296 $59,885 $49,073 
Income before tax$2,303 $7,876 $6,420 $16,204 
Sterling’s noncontrolling interest:
Revenues$11,266 $6,891 $29,051 $19,674 
Income before tax$1,146 $3,187 $3,113 $6,605 
The caption “Receivables from and equity in construction joint ventures” includes undistributed earnings and receivables owed to the Company. Undistributed earnings are typically released to the joint venture partners after the customer accepts the project as completed and the warranty period, if any, has passed.
Other—The use of joint ventures exposes us to a number of risks, including the risk that our partners may be unable or unwilling to provide their share of capital investment to fund the operations of the venture or complete their obligations to us, the venture, or ultimately, the customer. Differences in opinions or views among joint venture partners could also result in delayed decision-making or failure to agree on material issues, which could adversely affect the business and operations of the joint venture. In addition, agreement terms may subject us to joint and several liability for our venture partners, and the failure of our venture partners to perform their obligations could impose additional performance and financial obligations on us. The aforementioned factors could result in unanticipated costs to complete the projects, liquidated damages or contract disputes, including claims against our partners.
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6.PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT
Property and equipment are summarized as follows:
September 30, 2024December 31, 2023
Construction and transportation equipment$459,594 $405,242 
Buildings and improvements23,982 21,325 
Land3,054 3,054 
Office equipment4,111 4,023 
Total property and equipment490,741 433,644 
Less accumulated depreciation(220,209)(189,996)
Total property and equipment, net$270,532 $243,648 
Depreciation Expense—Depreciation expense is primarily included within cost of revenues and was $13,083 and $37,689 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, and $11,121 and $31,320 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively.
7.OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS
The following table presents our acquired finite-lived intangible assets, including the weighted-average useful lives for each major intangible asset category and in total:
September 30, 2024December 31, 2023
Weighted
Average
Life (Years)
Gross
Carrying
Amount
Accumulated
Amortization
Gross
Carrying
Amount
Accumulated
Amortization
Customer relationships24$328,323 $(60,145)$328,323 $(49,431)
Trade names2458,707 (11,345)58,707 (9,519)
Non-compete agreements52,487 (2,487)2,487 (2,170)
Total24$389,517 $(73,977)$389,517 $(61,120)
    The Company’s intangible amortization expense was $4,280 and $12,857 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, and $3,736 and $11,209 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively.
8.DEBT
The Company’s outstanding debt was as follows:
September 30, 2024December 31, 2023
Term Loan Facility$323,750 $343,438 
Revolving Credit Facility  
Credit Facility323,750 343,438 
Other debt600 843 
Total debt324,350 344,281 
Less - Current maturities of long-term debt(26,425)(26,520)
Less - Unamortized debt issuance costs(1,740)(2,765)
Total long-term debt$296,185 $314,996 
Credit Facility—Our amended credit agreement (as amended, the “Credit Agreement”) provides the Company with senior secured debt financing consisting of the following (collectively, the “Credit Facility”): (i) a senior secured first lien term loan facility (the “Term Loan Facility”) in the aggregate principal amount of $350,000 and (ii) a senior secured first lien revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Credit Facility”) in an aggregate principal amount of up to $75,000 (with a $75,000 limit for the issuance of letters of credit and a $15,000 sublimit for swing line loans). The obligations under the Credit Facility are secured by substantially all assets of the Company and the subsidiary guarantors, subject to certain permitted liens and interests of other parties. The Credit Facility will mature on April 2, 2026.
As specified in the Credit Agreement, the Term Loan Facility bears interest at either the base rate plus a margin, or at a one-, three- or six-month Term SOFR rate plus a margin, at the Company’s election. At September 30, 2024, the Company
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calculated interest using a Term SOFR rate of 5.35% and an applicable margin of 1.50% per annum, and had a weighted average interest rate of approximately 6.92% per annum during the nine months ended September 30, 2024. Scheduled principal payments on the Term Loan Facility are made quarterly and total approximately $26,300, $26,300 and $6,600 for the years ending 2024, 2025 and 2026, respectively. A final payment of all principal and interest then outstanding on the Term Loan Facility is due on April 2, 2026. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company made scheduled Term Loan Facility payments of $6,562 and $19,688, respectively.
The Revolving Credit Facility bears interest at the same rate options as the Term Loan Facility. In addition to interest on debt borrowings, we are assessed quarterly commitment fees on the unutilized portion of the facility as well as letter of credit fees on outstanding instruments. At September 30, 2024, we had no outstanding borrowings under the $75,000 Revolving Credit Facility.
Debt Issuance Costs—The costs associated with the Credit Facility are reflected on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as a direct reduction from the related debt liability and amortized over the term of the facility. Amortization of debt issuance costs was $330 and $1,025 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, and $504 and $1,585 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, and was recorded as interest expense.
Compliance and Other—The Credit Agreement contains various affirmative and negative covenants that may, subject to certain exceptions, restrict our ability and the ability of our subsidiaries to, among other things, grant liens, incur additional indebtedness, make loans, advances or other investments, make non-ordinary course asset sales, declare or pay dividends or make other distributions with respect to equity interests, purchase, redeem or otherwise acquire or retire capital stock or other equity interests, or merge or consolidate with any other person, among various other things. In addition, the Company is required to maintain certain financial covenants. As of September 30, 2024, we were in compliance with all of our restrictive and financial covenants. The Company’s debt is recorded at its carrying amount in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Based upon the current market rates for debt with similar credit risk and maturities, at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the fair value of our debt outstanding approximated the carrying value, as interest is based on Term SOFR plus an applicable margin.
9.LEASE OBLIGATIONS
    The Company has operating and finance leases primarily for construction and transportation equipment, as well as office space. The Company’s leases have remaining lease terms of one month to twelve years, some of which include options to extend the leases for up to ten years.
    The components of lease expense are as follows:
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2024202320242023
Operating lease cost$5,639 $5,577 $17,014 $16,041 
Short-term lease cost$8,380 $4,512 $19,282 $12,637 
Finance lease cost:
Amortization of right-of-use assets$30 $56 $164 $129 
Interest on lease liabilities9 9 31 13 
Total finance lease cost$39 $65 $195 $142 
    Supplemental cash flow information related to leases is as follows:
Nine Months Ended September 30,
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:20242023
Operating cash flows from operating leases$16,170 $15,300 
Operating cash flows from finance leases$31 $13 
Financing cash flows from finance leases$164 $129 
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations (non-cash):
Operating leases$12,182 $13,102 
Finance leases$ $664 
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    Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases is as follows:
Operating LeasesSeptember 30, 2024December 31, 2023
Operating lease right-of-use assets$54,748 $57,235 
Current portion of long-term lease obligations$19,531 $19,641 
Long-term lease obligations35,445 37,722 
Total operating lease liabilities$54,976 $57,363 
Finance Leases
Property and equipment, at cost$2,011 $2,011 
Accumulated depreciation(1,392)(1,232)
Property and equipment, net$619 $779 
Current maturities of long-term debt$125 $195 
Long-term debt404 498 
Total finance lease liabilities$529 $693 
Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term
Operating leases4.33.7
Finance leases3.84.4
Weighted Average Discount Rate
Operating leases6.0 %5.8 %
Finance leases6.9 %6.6 %
    Maturities of lease liabilities are as follows:
Year Ending December 31,Operating
Leases
Finance
Leases
2024 (excluding the nine months ended September 30, 2024)$6,059 $39 
202521,495 158 
202615,157 158 
20275,412 158 
20282,807 91 
20294,927  
Thereafter7,294  
Total lease payments$63,151 $604 
Less imputed interest(8,175)(75)
Total$54,976 $529 
10.COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
The Company is required by its insurance providers to obtain and hold standby letters of credit. These letters of credit serve as a guarantee by the banking institution to pay the Company’s insurance providers the incurred claim costs attributable to its general liability, workers’ compensation and automobile liability claims, up to the amount stated in the standby letters of credit, in the event that these claims were not paid by the Company.
The Company, including its construction joint ventures and its consolidated 50% owned subsidiary, is now and may in the future be involved as a party to various legal proceedings that are incidental to the ordinary course of business. The Company regularly analyzes current information about these proceedings and, as necessary, provides accruals for probable liabilities on the eventual disposition of these matters. Management, after consultation with legal counsel, does not believe that the outcome of these actions will have a material impact on the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company. There were no significant unresolved legal issues as of September 30, 2024.
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11.INCOME TAXES
The Company and its subsidiaries are based in the U.S. and file federal and various state income tax returns. The components of the provision for income taxes were as follows:
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2024202320242023
Current tax expense$20,868 $10,493 $42,907 $25,241 
Deferred tax expense2,536 3,398 6,053 10,188 
Income tax expense$23,404 $13,891 $48,960 $35,429 
Cash paid for income taxes$19,565 $10,025 $33,385 $24,539 
The effective income tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 was 26.4% and 24.2%, respectively. The rate varied from the statutory rate primarily as a result of non-deductible compensation, state income taxes and other permanent differences. The Company incurred a $62 and $3,450 tax benefit for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, for increased tax deductions related to stock compensation.
Uncertain Tax Positions (“UTP”)—The Company's U.S. federal and state income tax returns for 2021 and later are open and subject to examination. Additionally, federal and state NOLs may be adjusted by the taxing authorities for the 2013 and later tax years.
The Company has a UTP liability of $6,732 and an additional liability related to the UTP for penalties of $1,346 and interest of $926 at September 30, 2024. We recognize penalties related to the UTP as administrative expense. The UTP, including penalties and interest, is fully offset by an indemnification receivable at September 30, 2024.
12.STOCK INCENTIVE PLAN
General—The Company has a stock incentive plan (the “Stock Incentive Plan”) and an employee stock purchase plan (the “ESPP”) that are administered by the Compensation and Talent Development Committee of the Board of Directors. Under the Stock Incentive Plan, the Company can issue shares to employees and directors in the form of restricted stock awards (“RSAs”), restricted stock units (“RSUs”) and performance share units (“PSUs”). Changes in common stock and additional paid in capital during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 primarily relate to activity associated with the Stock Incentive Plan, the ESPP, shares withheld for taxes and repurchases of the Company’s common stock.
Share GrantsDuring the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company granted the following awards under the Stock Incentive Plan:
SharesWeighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value per Share
RSAs8 $125.28 
RSUs97 $98.35 
PSUs – EPS Based (at target)44 $90.58 
PSUs – Market Based195 $65.57 
PSUs – Liability Based30 $106.22 
Total shares granted374 
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Share IssuancesDuring the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company issued the following shares under the Stock Incentive Plan and the ESPP:
Shares
RSAs (issued upon grant)8 
RSUs (issued upon vesting)11 
PSUs – EPS Based (issued upon vesting)321 
PSUs – Liability Based (issued upon vesting)30 
ESPP (issued upon sale)11 
Total shares issued381 
Stock-Based Compensation—The Company recognized $4,776 and $13,097 of stock-based compensation expense during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively. The Company recognized $3,448 and $9,479 of stock-based compensation expense during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively. Included within total stock-based compensation expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 is $64 and $195, respectively, of expense related to the ESPP, and during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recognized $42 and $116, respectively, of expense related to the ESPP. Additionally, the Company has liability-based PSUs for which the number of shares awarded is not determined until the vesting date. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company recognized $0 and $3,200, respectively, within additional paid in capital for the vesting of liability-based PSUs. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recognized $0 and $1,725, respectively, within additional paid in capital for the vesting of liability-based PSUs. Stock-based compensation expense is primarily recognized within general and administrative expense. The Company recognizes forfeitures as they occur, rather than estimating expected forfeitures.
Shares Withheld for Taxes—The Company withheld 1 and 127 shares for taxes on the vesting of RSU and PSU stock-based compensation for $144 and $13,408 during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively.
Treasury Stock—On December 5, 2023, the Board of Directors approved a program that authorized repurchases of up to $200,000 of the Company’s common stock. Under the program, the Company may repurchase its common stock in the open market or through privately negotiated transactions at such times and at such prices as determined to be in the Company’s best interest. The Company accounts for the repurchase of treasury shares under the cost method. Under the program, the Company repurchased 188 and 487 shares of its common stock for $20,454 and $50,596 during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively. The program expires on December 5, 2025 and may be modified, extended or terminated by the Board of Directors at any time.
13.EARNINGS PER SHARE
The following table reconciles the numerators and denominators of the basic and diluted earnings per share computations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023:
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
Numerator:2024202320242023
Net income attributable to Sterling common stockholders$61,321 $39,353 $144,248 $98,482 
Denominator:
Weighted average common shares outstanding — basic30,735 30,800 30,875 30,733 
Shares for dilutive unvested stock and warrants335 417 309 315 
Weighted average common shares outstanding — diluted31,070 31,217 31,184 31,048 
Net income per share attributable to Sterling common stockholders:
Basic$2.00 $1.28 $4.67 $3.20 
Diluted$1.97 $1.26 $4.63 $3.17 
There were 64 and 66 weighted average unvested shares that were excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS under the treasury stock method, as they were anti-dilutive, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively. There were no anti-dilutive stock-based equity awards outstanding for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023.
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14.SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION
    The following table summarizes the changes in the components of operating assets and liabilities:
Nine Months Ended September 30,
20242023
Accounts receivable$(75,759)$(63,685)
Contracts in progress, net129,287 195,392 
Receivables from and equity in construction joint ventures9,692 (471)
Other current and non-current assets(427)(5,322)
Accounts payable13,053 24,180 
Accrued compensation and other liabilities30,951 18,773 
Members' interest subject to mandatory redemption and undistributed earnings(5,691)1,015 
Changes in operating assets and liabilities$101,106 $169,882 
15.SEGMENT INFORMATION
The Company’s internal and public segment reporting are aligned based upon the services offered by its operating segments. The Company’s operations consist of three reportable segments: E-Infrastructure Solutions, Transportation Solutions and Building Solutions.
The Company’s Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) evaluates the performance of the operating segment based upon revenue and income from operations. We incur certain expenses at the corporate level that relate to our business as a whole. A portion of these expenses are allocated to our business segments by various methods, but primarily on the basis of usage. The balance of the corporate level expenses are reported in the “Corporate G&A Expense” line, which is primarily comprised of corporate headquarters facility expense, the cost of the executive management team, and other expenses pertaining to certain centralized functions that benefit the entire Company but are not directly attributable to any specific business segment, such as corporate human resources, legal, governance, compliance and finance functions.
The following table presents total revenue and income from operations by reportable segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023:
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
Revenues2024202320242023
E-Infrastructure Solutions$263,899 $253,948 $689,687 $719,936 
Transportation Solutions227,251 192,996 608,995 455,223 
Building Solutions102,591 113,403 318,241 311,092 
Total Revenues$593,741 $560,347 $1,616,923 $1,486,251 
Operating Income
E-Infrastructure Solutions$68,076 $35,945 $146,922 $103,381 
Transportation Solutions18,573 14,487 42,154 29,649 
Building Solutions11,249 12,848 39,837 35,029 
Segment Operating Income97,898 63,280 228,913 168,059 
Corporate G&A Expense
(10,334)(6,040)(26,353)(17,680)
Acquisition Related Costs(72)(103)(209)(352)
Total Operating Income$87,492 $57,137 $202,351 $150,027 
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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
This quarterly report on Form 10-Q (“Report”), including the documents incorporated herein by reference, contains statements that are, or may be considered to be, “forward-looking statements” regarding the Company which represent our expectations and beliefs concerning future events. These forward-looking statements are intended to be covered by the safe harbor for certain forward-looking statements provided by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements included or incorporated by reference herein relate to matters that are not based on historical facts and reflect our current expectations as of the date of this Report, regarding items such as: our industry and business outlook, including relating to federal, state and municipal funding for projects, the residential home building market and demand from our customers; business strategy, including the integration of recent acquisitions and the potential for additional future acquisitions; expectations and estimates relating to our backlog; expectations concerning our market position; future operations; margins; profitability; capital expenditures; liquidity and capital resources; and other financial and operating information. Forward-looking statements may use or contain words such as “anticipate,” “assume,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “forecast,” “future,” “intend,” “likely,” “may,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “seek,” “should,” “strategy,” “will,” “would” and similar terms and phrases.
Actual events, results and outcomes may differ materially from those anticipated, projected or assumed in the forward-looking statements due to a variety of factors. Although it is not possible to identify all of these factors, they include, among others, the following:
factors that affect demand for our services or demand in end markets, including economic recessions or volatile economic cycles;
cost escalations associated with our contracts, due to changes in availability, proximity and cost of materials such as steel, cement, concrete, aggregates, oil, fuel and other construction materials, changes in U.S. trade policies and retaliatory responses from other countries, and cost escalations associated with subcontractors and labor;
any action or inaction of suppliers, subcontractors, design engineers, joint venture partners, customers, competitors, banks, surety companies and others which is beyond our control, including the failure of suppliers, subcontractors and joint venture partners to perform their obligations;
factors that affect the accuracy of estimates inherent in the bidding for contracts, estimates of backlog, and “over time” revenue recognition accounting policies, including onsite conditions that differ materially from those assumed in the original bid, contract modifications, mechanical problems with machinery or equipment and effects of other risks referenced below;
changes in costs to lease, acquire or maintain our equipment;
changes in general economic conditions, including reductions in federal, state and local government funding for projects, changes in those governments’ budgets, practices, laws and regulations and interest rate fluctuations and other adverse economic factors beyond our control in our geographic markets;
the presence of competitors with greater financial resources or lower margin requirements than ours, and the impact of competitive bidders on our ability to obtain new backlog at reasonable margins acceptable to us;
design/build contracts which subject us to the risk of design errors and omissions;
our ability to obtain bonding or post letters of credit;
adverse weather conditions;
potential disruptions, failures or security breaches of the information technology systems on which we rely to conduct our business;
potential risks and uncertainties relating to major public health crises;
our dependence on a limited number of significant customers;
our ability to attract and retain key personnel;
increased unionization of our workforce or labor costs and any work stoppages or slowdowns;
federal, state and local environmental laws and regulations where non-compliance can result in penalties and/or termination of contracts as well as civil and criminal liability;
citations issued by any governmental authority, including the Occupational Safety and Health Administration;
our ability to qualify as an eligible bidder under government contract criteria;
delays or difficulties related to the completion of our projects, including additional costs, reductions in revenues or the payment of liquidated damages, or delays or difficulties related to obtaining required governmental permits and approvals;
any prolonged shutdown of the government;
our ability to successfully identify, finance, complete and integrate recent and potential acquisitions;
our ability to raise additional capital in the future on favorable terms or at all;
our ability to generate cash flows sufficient to fund our financial commitments and objectives;
our ability to meet the terms and conditions of our debt obligations and covenants; and
the other risks discussed in more detail in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 (the “2023 Form 10-K”) under “Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors,” other portions of this Report, or our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).
In reading this Report, you should consider these factors carefully in evaluating any forward-looking statements and you are cautioned not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements reflect our current expectations as of the date of this Report regarding future events, results or outcomes. These expectations may or may not be realized. Some of these expectations may be based upon assumptions or judgments that prove to be incorrect. Additional factors or risks that we currently deem immaterial, that are not presently known to us or that arise in the future could also cause our actual results to differ materially from our expected results. Given these uncertainties, investors are cautioned that many of the assumptions upon which our forward-looking statements are based are likely to change after the date the forward-looking statements are made. Further, we may make changes to our business plans that could affect our results. Although we believe that our plans, intentions and expectations reflected in, or suggested by, the forward-looking statements that we make in this Report are reasonable, we can provide no assurance that they will be achieved.
The forward-looking statements speak only as of the date made, and we undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements for any reason, whether as a result of new information, future events or developments, changed circumstances, or otherwise, and notwithstanding any changes in our assumptions, changes in business plans, actual experience or other changes.
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OVERVIEW
General—Sterling Infrastructure, Inc., (“Sterling,” “the Company,” “we,” “our” or “us”) operates through a variety of subsidiaries within three segments specializing in E-Infrastructure, Transportation and Building Solutions in the United States, primarily across the Southern, Northeastern, Mid-Atlantic and Rocky Mountain regions and the Pacific Islands. E-Infrastructure Solutions provides advanced, large-scale site development services for manufacturing, data centers, e-commerce distribution centers, warehousing, power generation and more. Transportation Solutions includes infrastructure and rehabilitation projects for highways, roads, bridges, airports, ports, rail and storm drainage systems. Building Solutions includes residential and commercial concrete foundations for single-family and multi-family homes, parking structures, elevated slabs, other concrete work and plumbing services for new single-family residential builds. From strategy to operations, we are committed to sustainability by operating responsibly to safeguard and improve society’s quality of life. Caring for our people and our communities, our customers and our investors – that is The Sterling Way.
MARKET OUTLOOK AND TRENDS
We see favorable opportunities for long-term growth across each of our business segments. We remain focused on our strategic objectives which include: 1) growth in our E-Infrastructure Solutions segment, with particular focus on large, high-value projects; 2) risk reduction through a continued shift in our Transportation Solutions business away from low-bid heavy highway work, toward alternative delivery and design-build projects; 3) continuing to grow market share and geographic presence in Building Solutions; and 4) improving our margins in each of our segments.
E-Infrastructure Solutions—Our E-Infrastructure Solutions business is driven by our customers’ investments in the development of data centers, advanced manufacturing centers, e-commerce distribution centers and warehouses. We foresee significant growth opportunities tied to the implementation of multi-year capital deployment plans by customers in the data center, electric vehicle (EV), battery, solar, food and semiconductor manufacturing markets. In the data center market, we are benefiting from activity related to the development of multiphase hyperscale data centers, driven by demand related to Artificial Intelligence (AI) and other emerging technologies. Additionally, we have been awarded several large projects related to investments in EV and solar products. We anticipate continued strong demand from these and other technology sectors, supported by Federal government investment initiatives and incentives. While the majority of our end customers are demonstrating strong performance, in 2023 we experienced a decline in large e-commerce distribution center and small warehouse activity. We expect these markets will remain subdued through 2024.
Transportation Solutions—Our Transportation Solutions business is primarily driven by federal, state and municipal funding. Federal funds, on average, provide 50% of annual State Department of Transportation capital outlays for highway and bridge projects. We benefit from a number of federal, state and local infrastructure investment programs. At the state and local level, the November 2020 elections saw strong support for transportation initiatives with the passage of many ballot measures that secured, and in some cases increased, funding. At the Federal level, the November 2021 Infrastructure Investments and Jobs Act (“IIJA”) includes approximately $643 billion in funding for transportation programs ($432 billion for highways, $109 billion for transportation and $102 billion for rail), of which $284 billion is an increase over historic investment levels that will fund new transportation infrastructure. The IIJA also includes $25 billion of funding for airport modernization. As a result of the IIJA, we had an increase in bid activity and project awards which started in the third quarter of 2022 and continued through the third quarter of 2024. We expect this positive trend to continue for the foreseeable future. Aviation activity, which was slower to emerge following the passage of the IIJA, has begun to accelerate.
Building SolutionsOur Building Solutions segment is comprised of our residential slab, residential plumbing, and commercial businesses. The segment is driven by new home starts in Dallas-Fort Worth, the segment’s largest market, and continued expansion in the Houston and Phoenix markets. Building Solutions’ core customer base includes top national, regional and custom home builders. We believe the dynamics in our markets, including population growth and structural housing shortages, support growth opportunities over a multi-year period. In 2024, residential demand has been impacted by a slowdown in activity, particularly in the Dallas market. This lull in demand appears to be a function of prospective homebuyers taking a “wait-and-see” approach to potential additional interest rate cuts. We believe that activity will re-accelerate in 2025. For our commercial business, demand in the multi-family home market increased in the first three quarters of 2023 but slowed late in the year. We expect continued declines in this market in 2024.
BACKLOG
Our remaining performance obligations on our projects, as defined in ASC 606, do not differ from what we refer to as “Backlog.” Our Backlog represents the amount of revenues we expect to recognize in the future from our contract commitments on projects. The contracts in Backlog are typically completed in 6 to 36 months. Our unsigned awards (“Unsigned Awards”) are excluded from Backlog until the contract is executed by our customer. We refer to the combination of our Backlog and Unsigned Awards as “Combined Backlog.” Our book-to-burn ratio is determined by taking our additions to Backlog and
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dividing it by revenue for the applicable period. This metric allows management to monitor the Company’s business development efforts to ensure we grow our Backlog and our business over time, and management believes that this measure is useful to investors for the same reason.
At September 30, 2024, our Backlog was $2.06 billion, as compared to $2.07 billion at December 31, 2023, with a book-to-burn ratio of 1.0X for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The Company’s margin in Backlog has increased to 16.8% at September 30, 2024 from 15.2% at December 31, 2023, driven by a greater mix of E-Infrastructure Solutions backlog and an improved backlog margin mix within Transportation Solutions.
Unsigned Awards were $319.6 million at September 30, 2024 and $303.2 million at December 31, 2023. Combined Backlog totaled $2.37 billion at both September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, with a book-to-burn ratio of 1.0X for the nine months ended September 30, 2024.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Consolidated Results
Consolidated financial highlights for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 are as follows:
 Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands)2024202320242023
Revenues$593,741 $560,347 $1,616,923 $1,486,251 
Gross profit129,799 91,867 319,446 245,883 
General and administrative expense(30,672)(25,237)(85,826)(72,592)
Intangible asset amortization(4,280)(3,736)(12,857)(11,209)
Acquisition related costs(72)(103)(209)(352)
Other operating expense, net(7,283)(5,654)(18,203)(11,703)
Operating income87,492 57,137 202,351 150,027 
Interest, net1,305 (3,107)335 (14,189)
Income before income taxes and noncontrolling interests88,797 54,030 202,686 135,838 
Income tax expense(23,404)(13,891)(48,960)(35,429)
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests
(4,072)(786)(9,478)(1,927)
Net income attributable to Sterling common stockholders$61,321 $39,353 $144,248 $98,482 
Gross margin21.9 %16.4 %19.8 %16.5 %
Revenues—Revenues were $593.7 million for the third quarter of 2024, an increase of $33.4 million, or 6.0%, compared to the third quarter of 2023. The increase was driven by a $34.3 million increase in Transportation Solutions and a $10.0 million increase in E-Infrastructure Solutions, partly offset by a $10.8 million decrease in Building Solutions.
Revenues were $1.62 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, an increase of $130.7 million, or 8.8%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The increase was driven by a $153.8 million increase in Transportation Solutions and a $7.1 million increase in Building Solutions, partly offset by a $30.2 million decrease in E-Infrastructure Solutions.
Gross profit and margin—Gross profit was $129.8 million for the third quarter of 2024, an increase of $37.9 million, or 41.3%, compared to the third quarter of 2023. The Company’s gross margin as a percentage of revenue increased to 21.9% in the third quarter of 2024, as compared to 16.4% in the third quarter of 2023.
Gross profit was $319.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, an increase of $73.6 million, or 29.9%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The Company’s gross margin as a percentage of revenue increased to 19.8% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, as compared to 16.5% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The increases were driven by the aforementioned higher volume, an improved project margin mix across all segments, and the inclusion of the Texas plumbing business acquired in late 2023.
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Contracts in progress that were not substantially complete totaled approximately 220 and 230 at September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. These contracts are of various sizes, of different expected profitability and in various stages of completion. The nearer a contract progresses toward completion, the more visibility the Company has in refining its estimate of total revenues (including incentives, delay penalties and change orders), costs and gross profit. Thus, gross profit as a percentage of revenues can increase or decrease from comparable and subsequent quarters due to variations among contracts and depending upon the stage of completion of contracts.
General and administrative expense—General and administrative expenses were $30.7 million, or 5.2% of revenue, for the third quarter of 2024, compared to $25.2 million, or 4.5% of revenue, for the third quarter of 2023. General and administrative expenses were $85.8 million, or 5.3% of revenue, for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, compared to $72.6 million, or 4.9% of revenue, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The increases reflect incremental G&A from the Texas plumbing business acquired in late 2023, growth, and inflation. The Company anticipates that general and administrative expense will be approximately 5% of revenue for the full year 2024.
Other operating expense, net—Other operating expense, net, includes 50% of earnings related to members’ interest of our consolidated 50% owned subsidiary, earn-out and other miscellaneous operating income or expense. Members’ interest earnings are treated as an expense and increase the liability account.
The change in other operating expense, net, for the third quarter of 2024 was an increase of $1.6 million over the prior year third quarter. Members’ interest earnings increased by $0.6 million during the third quarter of 2024 to $6.3 million from $5.7 million in the third quarter of 2023 and earn-out expense increased to $1.0 million during the third quarter of 2024, compared to none in the third quarter of 2023.
The change in other operating expense, net, for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was an increase of $6.5 million over the prior year nine months. Members’ interest earnings increased by $3.5 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 to $15.2 million from $11.7 million in the prior year nine months and earn-out expense increased to $3.0 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2024,