Grupo Televisa Earnings 2018-12-31

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

 

FORM 20-F

 

 

Date of event requiring this shell company report

 

FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM                       TO                        

 

COMMISSION FILE NUMBER 1-12610

 

 

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

 

 

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None.

 

Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act: None.

 

The number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital
or common stock as of December 31, 2018 was:

 

116,207,254,492 Series “A” Shares
53,116,126,007 Series “B” Shares
84,502,869,516 Series “L” Shares
84,502,869,516 Series “D” Shares

 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

x Yes   o No

 

If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

o Yes   x No

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

x Yes   o No

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

x Yes   o No

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or an emerging growth company. See definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

 

 

If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards† provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

 

† The term “new or revised financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting Standards Codification after April 5, 2012.

 

Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:

 

 

If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow.

o Item 17   o Item 18

 

If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

o Yes   x No

 

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We publish our financial statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards, or IFRS, as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board, or IASB, which differ in some significant respects from generally accepted accounting principles in the United States, or U.S. GAAP, and accounting procedures adopted in other countries.

 

Unless otherwise indicated, (i) information included in this annual report is as of December 31, 2018 and (ii) references to “Ps.” or “Pesos” in this annual report are to Mexican Pesos and references to “Dollars,” “U.S. Dollars,” “U.S. dollars,” “$” or “U.S.$” are to United States dollars.

 

In this annual report, “we,” “us,” “our” or “Company” refer to Grupo Televisa, S.A.B. and, where the context requires, its consolidated entities. “Group” refers to Grupo Televisa, S.A.B. and its consolidated entities.

 

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Part I

 

Item 1.                                 Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers

 

Not applicable.

 

Item 2.                                 Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable

 

Not applicable.

 

Item 3.                                 Key Information

 

Selected Financial Data

 

The following tables present our selected consolidated financial information as of and for each of the periods indicated. This information is qualified in its entirety by reference to, and should be read together with, our audited consolidated year-end financial statements. The following data for each of the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, 2016, 2015 and 2014 has been derived from our audited consolidated year-end financial statements, including the consolidated statements of financial position as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in stockholders’ equity and cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, and the accompanying notes appearing elsewhere in this annual report.

 

The selected consolidated financial information as of December 31, 2018, 2017, 2016, 2015 and 2014, and for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, 2016, 2015 and 2014, was prepared in accordance with IFRS, as issued by the IASB.

 

The exchange rate used in translating Pesos into U.S. Dollars for calculating the convenience translations included in the following tables, except capital expenditures, is determined by reference to the interbank free market exchange rate, or the Interbank Rate, as reported by Banco Nacional de México, S.A., or CitiBanamex, as of December 31, 2018, which was Ps.19.673 per U.S. Dollar. This annual report contains translations of certain Peso amounts into U.S. Dollars at specified rates solely for the convenience of the reader. The exchange rate translations contained in this annual report should not be construed as representations that the Peso amounts actually represent the U.S. Dollar amounts presented or that they could be converted into U.S. Dollars at the rate indicated.

 

 

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Notes to Selected Consolidated Financial Information:

 

(1)               Except per Certificado de Participación Ordinario, or CPO, magazine circulation, employees, Revenue Generating Units, or RGUs. An RGU is defined as individual service subscriber who is billable under each service (satellite pay television, broadband internet and voice).

 

(2)               Includes interest expense, interest income, foreign exchange loss or gain, net, and other finance income or expense, net. See Note 22 to our consolidated year-end financial statements.

 

(3)               For further analysis of net earnings per CPO (as well as corresponding amounts per Series “A” Share not traded as CPOs), see Note 24 to our consolidated year-end financial statements. In April 2019, 2018, 2017, 2016 and 2015 the Company’s stockholders approved the payment of a dividend of Ps.0.35 per CPO, respectively. In 2014, the Company’s stockholders did not approve the payment of any dividends (two dividends of Ps.0.35 per CPO each were paid in 2013).

 

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(4)               As of December 31, 2018, 2017, 2016, 2015 and 2014, we had four classes of common stock: Series “A” Shares, Series “B” Shares, Series “D” Shares and Series “L” Shares. Our shares are publicly traded in the United Mexican States, or Mexico, primarily in the form of CPOs, each CPO representing 117 shares comprised of 25 Series “A” Shares, 22 Series “B” Shares, 35 Series “D” Shares and 35 Series “L” Shares; and in the United States in the form of Global Depositary Shares, or GDSs, each GDS representing five CPOs. As of December 31, 2018, there were approximately 2,414.4 million CPOs issued and outstanding, each of which was represented by 25 Series “A” Shares, 22 Series “B” Shares, 35 Series “D” Shares and 35 Series “L” Shares, and an additional number of approximately 55,848.3 million Series “A” Shares, 0.2 million Series “B” Shares, 0.2 million Series “D” Shares and 0.2 million Series “L” Shares issued and outstanding (not in the form of CPO units). See Note 16 to our consolidated year-end financial statements.

 

(5)               The figures set forth in this line item are presented at amortized cost (principal amount, net of finance costs). Interest payable is included in current portion of long-term debt in the consolidated statements of financial position as of December 31, 2018 and 2017. See Notes 2(n) and 13 to our consolidated year-end financial statements.

 

(6)               The figures set forth in this line item are presented at amortized cost (principal amount, net of finance costs). See “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — Results of Operations — Liquidity, Foreign Exchange and Capital Resources — Indebtedness” and Note 13 to our consolidated year-end financial statements.

 

(7)               Capital expenditures are those investments made by us in property, plant and equipment. The exchange rate used in translating Pesos into U.S. Dollars for calculating the convenience translation for capital expenditures is determined by reference to the Interbank Rate on the dates on which a given capital expenditure was made. See “Information on the Company — Capital Expenditures”.

 

(8)               The figures set forth in this line item represent total circulation of magazines that we publish independently and through joint ventures and other arrangements and do not represent magazines distributed on behalf of third parties.

 

(9)               Sky has operations in Mexico, the Dominican Republic and Central America. The figures set forth in this line item represent the total number of RGUs for Innova, S. de R.L. de C.V., or Innova, at the end of each year presented. For a description of Innova’s business and results of operations and financial condition, see “Information on the Company — Business Overview — Our Operations — Sky”.

 

(10)        An RGU provided by Empresas Cablevisión, S.A.B. de C.V., or Cablevisión, Cablemás, S.A. de C.V., or Cablemás, Televisión Internacional, S.A. de C.V., or TVI, Grupo Cable TV, S.A. de C.V., or Cablecom, Cablevisión Red, S.A. de C.V., or Telecable and FTTH de México, S.A. de C.V., or FTTH (pay television, or pay-TV, broadband internet and digital telephony). For example, a single subscriber paying for cable television, broadband internet and digital telephony services represents three RGUs. We believe it is appropriate to use the number of RGUs as a performance measure for Cablevisión, Cablemás, TVI, Cablecom, Telecable and FTTH given that these businesses provide other services in addition to pay-TV. See “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — Results of Operations — Total Segment Results — Cable” and “Information on the Company — Business Overview — Cable”.

 

Dividends

 

Decisions regarding the payment and amount of dividends are subject to approval by holders of a majority of the Series “A” Shares and Series “B” Shares voting together, generally, but not necessarily, on the recommendation of the Board of Directors, as well as a majority of the Series “A” Shares voting separately. Emilio Azcárraga Jean indirectly controls the voting of the majority of the Series “A” Shares and, as a result of such control, both the amount and the payment of dividends require his affirmative vote. See “Major Stockholders and Related Party Transactions — The Major Stockholders”. On March 25, 2004, our Board of Directors approved a dividend policy under which we currently intend to pay an annual ordinary dividend of Ps.0.35 per CPO. On April 29, 2015, at our general stockholders’ meeting, our stockholders approved a cash distribution to stockholders of up to Ps.1,084.2 million, which represents the payment of our ordinary dividend of Ps.0.35 per CPO, equivalent to Ps.0.002991452991 per share. On April 28, 2016, at our general stockholders’ meeting, our stockholders approved a cash distribution to stockholders of up to Ps.1,084.2 million, which represents the payment of our ordinary dividend of Ps.0.35 per CPO, equivalent to Ps.0.002991452991 per share. On April 28, 2017, at our general stockholders’ meeting, our stockholders approved a cash distribution to stockholders of up to Ps.1,084.2 million, which represents the payment of our ordinary dividend of Ps.0.35 per CPO, equivalent to Ps.0.002991452991 per share. On April 27, 2018, at our general stockholders’ meeting, our stockholders approved a cash distribution to stockholders of up to Ps.1,073.4 million, which represents the payment of our ordinary dividend of Ps.0.35 per CPO, equivalent to Ps.0.002991452991 per share. On April 29, 2019, at our general stockholders’ meeting, our stockholders approved a cash distribution to stockholders of up to Ps1,068.9 million, which represents the payment of our ordinary dividend of Ps.0.35 per CPO, equivalent to Ps.0.002991452991 per share. All of the recommendations of the Board of Directors related to the payment and amount of dividends were voted on and approved at the applicable general stockholders’ meetings.

 

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Exchange Rate Information

 

Since 1991, Mexico has had a free market for foreign exchange and, since 1994, the Mexican government has allowed the Peso to float freely against the U.S. Dollar. There can be no assurance that the government will maintain its current policies with regard to the Peso or that the Peso will not depreciate or appreciate significantly in the future.

 

In the past, the Mexican economy has had balance of payment deficits and decreases in foreign exchange reserves. While the Mexican government does not currently restrict the ability of Mexican or foreign persons or entities to convert Pesos to U.S. Dollars, we cannot assure you that the Mexican government will not institute restrictive exchange control policies in the future, as has occurred from time to time in the past. To the extent that the Mexican government institutes restrictive exchange control policies in the future, our ability to transfer or to convert Pesos into U.S. Dollars and other currencies for the purpose of making timely payments of interest and principal of indebtedness, as well as to obtain foreign programming and other goods, would be adversely affected. See “— Risk Factors — Risk Factors Related to Mexico — Currency Fluctuations or the Devaluation and Depreciation of the Peso Could Limit the Ability of Our Company and Others to Convert Pesos into U.S. Dollars or Other Currencies, Which Could Adversely Affect Our Business, Financial Condition or Results of Operations”.

 

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Risk Factors

 

The following is a discussion of risks associated with our company and an investment in our securities. Some of the risks of investing in our securities are general risks associated with doing business in Mexico. Other risks are specific to our business. The discussion below contains information, among other things, about the Mexican government and the Mexican economy obtained from official statements of the Mexican government as well as other public sources. We have not independently verified this information. Any of the following risks, if they actually occur, could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations or the price of our securities.

 

Risk Factors Related to Mexico

 

Economic and Political Developments in Mexico May Adversely Affect Our Business

 

Most of our operations and assets are located in Mexico. As a result, our financial condition, results of operations and business may be affected by the general condition of the Mexican economy, the depreciation or appreciation of the Peso as compared to the U.S. Dollar and other currencies, Mexican inflation, interest rates, regulation, taxation, social instability and other political, social and economic developments in or affecting Mexico over which we have no control.

 

Mexico Has Experienced Adverse Economic Conditions, Which Could Have a Negative Impact on Our Results of Operations and Financial Condition

 

Mexico has historically experienced uneven periods of economic growth. Mexican gross domestic product, or GDP, increased by 2.9% in 2016, increased by 2.0% in 2017 and increased by 2.0% in 2018. Mexican GDP growth fell short of Mexican government forecasts in 2018 and, according to Mexican government forecasts, Mexican GDP is expected to increase in a range between 1.1% — 2.1% in 2019. We cannot assure you that these estimates and forecasts will prove to be accurate.

 

Any future economic downturn, including downturns in the United States, Europe, Asia or anywhere else in the world, could affect our financial condition and results of operations. For example, demand for advertising may decrease both because consumers may reduce expenditures for our advertisers’ products and because advertisers may reduce advertising expenditures and demand for publications, cable television, direct-to-home, or DTH, satellite services, pay-per-view programming, telecommunications services and other services and products may decrease because consumers may find it difficult to pay for these services and products.

 

Developments and the Perception of Risk in other Countries, Especially in Europe, China, the United States and Emerging Market Countries, May Materially Adversely Affect the Mexican Economy, the Market Value of Our Securities and Our Results of Operations

 

The market value of securities of Mexican companies, the social, economic and political situation in Mexico and our financial condition and results of operations are, to varying degrees, affected by economic and market conditions in other countries, including the United States, China and other Latin American and emerging market countries. Therefore, investors’ reactions to developments in any of these other countries may have an adverse effect on the market value or trading price of securities of Mexican issuers. Crises in the United States, Europe, China or emerging market countries may reduce investor interest in securities issued by Mexican companies, including those issued by us.

 

Recent turmoil in other large economies, such as those in Europe, China and the United States could have the effect of a downturn in the global economy, such as the recession in 2008. Further, our operations, including the demand for our products or services, and the price of our securities, have also historically been adversely affected by increases in interest rates in the United States and elsewhere.

 

Any of these factors, would negatively affect the market value of our securities and make it more difficult for us to access capital markets and finance our operations in the future, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, prospects and the market price of our securities.

 

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In addition, in recent years economic conditions in Mexico have become increasingly correlated with economic conditions in the United States as a result of the North American Free Trade Agreement, or NAFTA, and increased economic activity between the two countries. Adverse economic conditions in the United States or other related events could have a significant adverse effect on the Mexican economy, which could adversely affect our business. As a result of talks to renegotiate NAFTA, on November 30, 2018, the United States, Canada, and Mexico signed the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA). Although the USMCA is intended to replace NAFTA, the USMCA is not yet in effect and requires ratification, including legislative approval in all three countries. Accordingly, NAFTA currently remains in effect. In addition, the USMCA may fail to be approved and implemented. If such events occurred, they could adversely impact our business and operations. Any action taken by the current U.S. or Mexico administrations, including changes to NAFTA or the USMCA, could have a negative impact on the Mexican economy, such as reductions in the levels of remittances, reduced commercial activity or bilateral trade, or declining foreign direct investment in Mexico. In addition, increased or perceptions of increased economic protectionism in the United States and other countries could potentially lead to lower levels of trade and investment and economic growth, which could have a similarly negative impact on the Mexican economy. These economic and political consequences could adversely affect our business and our results of operations.

 

We cannot assure you that events in other emerging market countries, in the United States or elsewhere will not materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, prospects and the market price of our shares. In addition, there is uncertainty in global markets stemming from the June 2016 referendum regarding the role of the United Kingdom in the European Union and the subsequent outcome of the vote to leave the European Union (“Brexit”). The terms of exit from the European Union by the United Kingdom are unclear. The formal notification by the United Kingdom to the European Council under Article 50 of the Treaty on European Union was made on March 29, 2017, triggering a two-year period during which the terms of Brexit are to be negotiated. The United Kingdom and European Union announced in March 2018 an agreement in principle to transitional provisions under which European Union law would remain in force in the United Kingdom until the end of December 2020, but this remains subject to successful conclusion of a final agreement on Brexit. In the absence of such an agreement there would be no transitional provisions and Brexit would occur on October 31, 2019 (due to an extension of the Article 50 deadline agreed between the United Kingdom and the European Council). It is possible that the United Kingdom’s choice to leave the European Union will have a significant impact on macroeconomic conditions in the United Kingdom, the European Union and the rest of the world. Immediately following the Brexit vote, there were significant devaluations of the British pound. In the days following the Brexit vote, the performance of global financial markets, particularly international stock markets, was significantly affected. Even though the long-term effects of Brexit on capital markets, foreign exchange markets and on the overall political and macroeconomic situation globally remain uncertain and will in large part depend on the outcome of the Brexit negotiations, there will likely continue to be a period of instability and volatility in global financial markets until the terms and times of the United Kingdom’s departure from the European Union are clear. As a result, Brexit may adversely affect political regulatory, economic and market conditions and contribute to the instability of global political institutions, regulatory agencies and financial markets, negatively impacting our business, results of operations and financial condition.

 

Our profitability is affected by numerous factors including reductions in demand for the services provided in our cable and sky divisions, changes in viewing preferences, priorities of advertisers and reductions in advertisers’ budgets. Historically, advertising in most forms of media has correlated positively with the general condition of the economy and thus, is subject to the risks that arise from adverse changes in domestic and global economic conditions, consumer confidence and spending. The demand for our products and services in Mexico, the U.S. and in the other countries in which we operate may be adversely affected by the tightening of credit markets and economic downturns. As a global company, we depend on the demand from customers in Mexico, the U.S. and the other countries in which we operate, and reduced consumer spending that falls short of our projections could adversely impact our revenues and profitability.

 

Uncertainty in Global Financial Markets Could Adversely Affect Our Financing Costs and Exposure to Our Customers and Counterparties

 

The global financial markets continue to be uncertain and it is hard to predict for how long the effects of the global financial stress of recent years will persist and what impact it will have on the global economy in general, or the economies in which we operate, in particular, and whether slowing economic growth in any countries could result in decreased consumer spending affecting our products and services. If access to credit tightens further and

 

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borrowing costs rise, our borrowing costs could be adversely affected. Difficulties in financial markets may also adversely affect some of our customers. In addition, we enter into derivative transactions with large financial institutions, including contracts to hedge our exposure to interest rates and foreign exchange, and we could be affected by severe financial difficulties faced by our counterparties.

 

Currency Fluctuations or the Devaluation and Depreciation of the Peso Could Limit the Ability of Our Company and Others to Convert Pesos into U.S. Dollars or Other Currencies, Which Could Adversely Affect Our Business, Financial Condition or Results of Operations

 

The Peso has been subject to significant depreciation against the U.S. Dollar in the past and may be subject to significant fluctuations in the future. A significant portion of our indebtedness and a significant amount of our costs are U.S. Dollar-denominated, while our revenues are primarily Peso-denominated. As a result, decreases in the value of the Peso against the U.S. Dollar could cause us to incur foreign exchange losses, which could reduce our net income.

 

Severe devaluation or depreciation of the Peso may also result in governmental intervention, or disruption of international foreign exchange markets. This may limit our ability to transfer or convert Pesos into U.S. Dollars and other currencies for the purpose of making timely payments of interest and principal on our indebtedness and adversely affect our ability to obtain foreign programming and other imported goods. The Mexican economy has suffered current account balance of payment deficits and shortages in foreign exchange reserves in the past. While the Mexican government does not currently restrict the right or ability of Mexican or foreign persons or entities to convert Pesos into U.S. Dollars or to transfer other currencies outside of Mexico, there can be no assurance that the Mexican government will not institute restrictive exchange control policies in the future. To the extent that the Mexican government institutes restrictive exchange control policies in the future, our ability to transfer or convert Pesos into U.S. Dollars or other currencies for the purpose of making timely payments of interest and principal on indebtedness, as well as to obtain imported goods would be adversely affected. Devaluation or depreciation of the Peso against the U.S. Dollar or other currencies may also adversely affect U.S. Dollar or other currency prices for our debt securities or the cost of imported goods.

 

The public decisions and announcements of the presidential administration in the United States have had, and may continue to have, an adverse effect on the value of the Peso against other currencies, particularly the U.S. Dollar. The decision by the U.S. Federal Reserve to increase applicable interest rates for bank reserves could also affect the exchange rate of the Peso relative to the U.S. Dollar.

 

An Increase in Interest Rates in the United States Could Adversely Impact the Mexican Economy and May Have a Negative Effect on Our Financial Condition or Performance

 

A decision by the U.S. Federal Reserve to increase applicable interest rates for banks’ reserves may lead to a general increase in interest rates in the United States. For example, the U.S. Federal Reserve raised the central bank’s benchmark interest rate by a percentage point in 2018. This, in turn, may redirect the flow of capital from emerging markets into the United States because investors may be able to obtain greater risk-adjusted returns in larger or more developed economies than in Mexico. Thus, companies in emerging market economies such as Mexico could find it more difficult and expensive to borrow capital and refinance existing debt. This may negatively affect our potential for economic growth and our ability to refinance our existing debt and could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, prospects and the market price of our shares.

 

Renegotiation of Trade Agreements or Other Changes in Foreign Policy by the Presidential Administration in the United States Could Adversely Affect Imports and Exports Between Mexico and the United States and Other Economic and Geopolitical Effects may Adversely Affect Us

 

As a result of the U.S. elections in November 2016 and the change in U.S. presidential administration in January 2017, there has been uncertainty regarding U.S. policies related to trade, tariffs, immigration, and foreign affairs, including with respect to Mexico. While the United States, Mexico, and Canada have signed a free trade agreement intended to replace NAFTA, the new agreement, the USMCA, will not take effect until it has obtained legislative approval in each country. It is possible that the USMCA may not be approved and implemented. In addition, while NAFTA is still in effect, both the United States and Mexico administrations have indicated their willingness to withdraw from NAFTA under certain circumstances. The Mexican economy has become very connected to the U.S.

 

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economy, due in part to the high level of economic activity between the two countries, including trade and investment facilitated by NAFTA. The NAFTA renegotiation process slowed economic growth in Mexico due to the uncertainty it created. The current status of the USMCA creates further uncertainty. Any withdrawals from trade agreements or further renegotiations of terms of trade agreements between the United States and Mexico could significantly affect the Mexican economy, including the level of imports and exports, domestic and foreign investment, economic activity, and employment. Such impacts could adversely affect our activities, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and prospects as well as the market price of our shares. Other economic and geopolitical effects, including those related to United States policy on trade, tariffs and immigration, may also adversely affect us.

 

High Inflation Rates in Mexico May Decrease Demand for Our Services While Increasing Our Costs

 

In the past, Mexico has experienced high levels of inflation. The annual rate of inflation, as measured by changes in the Mexican National Consumer Price Index, or NCPI, was 3.4% in 2016, 6.8% in 2017, 4.8% in 2018 and is projected to be 3.8% in 2019. An adverse change in the Mexican economy may have a negative impact on price stability and result in higher inflation than its main trading partners, including the United States. High inflation rates can adversely affect our business and results of operations in, among others, the following ways:

 

·                  inflation can adversely affect consumer purchasing power, thereby adversely affecting consumer and advertiser demand for our services and products; and

 

·                  to the extent inflation exceeds our price increases, our prices and revenues will be adversely affected in “real” terms.

 

High Interest Rates in Mexico Could Increase Our Financing Costs

 

In the past, Mexico had, and may in the future have, high real and nominal interest rates. The interest rates on 28-day Mexican government treasury securities averaged 4.2%, 6.7% and 7.7% for 2016, 2017 and 2018, respectively. High interest rates in Mexico could increase our financing costs and thereby impair our financial condition, results of operations and cash flow.

 

Political Events in Mexico Could Affect Mexican Economic Policy and Our Business, Financial Condition and Results of Operations

 

The last Mexican presidential and congressional elections took place in July 2018. Andrés Manuel López Obrador, presidential candidate for the National Regeneration Movement Party (Movimiento de Regeneración Nacional) (“Morena”), was elected President of Mexico and took office on December 1, 2018. Additionally, Mexican congressional elections took place in July 2018, resulting in Morena being part of the coalition “Together we will make history” (Juntos Haremos Historia), together with the Labor Party (Partido del Trabajo) and the Social Encounter Party (Partido Encuentro Social), obtaining an absolute majority. Mexico’s next federal legislative election will be in July 2021. During the presidential campaign, the candidates for the presidency and the federal legislatures presented diverse proposals to, among other things, modify and/or terminate certain structural reforms introduced in the previous administration. Accordingly, as has happened historically in any change of administration or congress, the Mexican government could implement significant changes in laws, policies and regulations, and could reduce or eliminate the independence of organizations or of semi-autonomous or decentralized dependencies which could affect the economic and political situation in Mexico. As it is usual in any change of administration or congress, we cannot predict if the new administration will implement substantial changes in law, policy and regulations in Mexico, which could affect our business, activities, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, prospects and/or the market price of our shares. Consequently, there is no guarantee that the political environment in Mexico will not affect the value of our securities.

 

Currently, the coalition has control of an absolute majority of congress, which could result in further reforms and secondary legislation of key sectors of the Mexican economy. As happens in any change of administration in which new government policies are implemented, we cannot ascertain whether, and to what extent, such policies may affect our operations, financial condition, results of operations or the legal framework in which we operate.

 

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Mexico has Experienced a Period of Increased Criminal Activity and Such Activities Could Adversely Affect Our Financing Costs and Exposure to Our Customers and Counterparties

 

During recent years, Mexico has experienced a period of increased criminal activity and violence, primarily due to organized crime. These activities, their escalation and the violence associated with them could have a negative impact on the business environment in which we operate, and therefore on our financial condition and results of operations.

 

Imposition of Fines by Regulators and Other Authorities Could Adversely Affect Our Financial Condition and Results of Operations

 

A significant portion of our business, activities and investments occur in heavily regulated sectors. The Mexican regulators and other authorities, including tax authorities, have increased their supervision and the frequency and amounts of fines and assessments have increased significantly. Although we intend to defend our positions vigorously when procedures are brought or fines are imposed by authorities, there can be no assurance that we will be successful in such defense. Accordingly, we may in the future be required to pay fines and assessments that could be significant in amount, which could materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

 

Existing Mexican Laws and Regulations or Changes Thereto or the Imposition of New Ones May Negatively Affect Our Operations and Revenue

 

Our business, activities and investments are subject to various Mexican federal, state and local statutes, rules, regulations, policies and procedures, which are subject to change and are affected by the actions of various Mexican federal, state and local government authorities. Such changes could materially adversely affect our operations and our revenue.

 

Mexico’s Federal Antitrust Law and the Ley Federal de Telecomunicaciones y Radiodifusión, or Telecommunications and Broadcasting Federal Law, or LFTR,, including their regulations, may affect some of our activities, including our ability to introduce new products and services, enter into new or complementary businesses or joint ventures and complete acquisitions. In addition, the Federal Antitrust Law and its regulations, as well as the conditions and measures imposed by the Instituto Federal de Telecomunicaciones, or Federal Telecommunications Institute, or IFT, an institute with constitutional autonomy responsible for overseeing the broadcasting (radio and television) and telecommunications industries and their antitrust matters, or by the Comisión Federal de Competencia Económica, or Mexican Antitrust Commission, or COFECE, may adversely affect our ability to determine the rates we charge for our services and products or the manner in which we provide our products or services. Approval of IFT or the COFECE, as applicable, is required to acquire certain businesses or enter into certain joint ventures. There can be no assurance that in the future IFT or the COFECE, as the case may be, will authorize certain acquisitions or joint ventures related to our businesses, the denial of which may adversely affect our business strategy, financial condition and results of operations. IFT or COFECE, as applicable, may also impose conditions, obligations and fines that could adversely affect some of our activities, our business strategy, our financial condition and results of operations. See “— Imposition of Fines by Regulators and Other Authorities Could Adversely Affect Our Financial Condition and Results of Operations”.

 

As a result of the amendments to the Mexican Constitution and the LFTR relating to telecommunications, television, radio and antitrust, concessions for the use of spectrum are now only granted through public bid processes.

 

In March 2015, IFT issued a ruling announcing Grupo Radio Centro, S.A.B. de C.V., or Grupo Radio Centro, and Cadena Tres I, S.A. de C.V., or Imagen Television as winning bidders for two free to air broadcasting licenses with separate national coverage. Imagen Television has completed the process, has received its license and began broadcasting on October 17, 2016. However, since Grupo Radio Centro failed to pay the amount they bid for their free to air broadcasting license, the IFT’s ruling announcing them as a winning bidder was declared null and void and they did not receive the license. As a result, the auction of the portion of the spectrum that was going to be

 

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assigned to Grupo Radio Centro took place during 2017. The new bid was for 148 channels for Digital Terrestrial Television, including at least 123 channels that were not allocated in the IFT-1 bidding process for the two national digital broadcast television networks. At the end of the process, offers were received for 32 channels located in 29 different coverage areas located in 17 States and covering about 45 percent of the country’s total population. The bidding process concluded in December 2017 with the issuance of the corresponding concession titles in favor of Compañía Periodística Sudcaliforniana, S.A. de C.V., Comunicación 2000, S.A. de C.V., Francisco de Jesús Aguirre Gómez, Intermedia de Chihuahua, S.A. de C.V., José Guadalupe Manuel Trejo García, Multimedios Televisión, S.A. de C.V., Quiero Media, S.A. de C.V., Radio Comunicación Gamar, S.A. de C.V., Radio Operadora Pegasso, S.A. de C.V., Radio-Televisión de Nayarit, S.A. de C.V., Tele Saltillo, S.A. de C.V., Televisión Digital, S.A. de C.V. and Telsusa Televisión México, S.A. de C.V.

 

Article 15-A of the Ley del Seguro Social, or the Social Security Law, could materially adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. Article 15-A provides that a company that receives personnel services from a third party on any of the company’s premises with such personnel under its control, is jointly bound to comply with the obligations related to social security that have to be fulfilled by such personnel services providers for the benefit of their respective employees. Article 15-A also requires the Company to send a list to the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, or the Social Security Mexican Institute, of all agreements entered into with personnel services providers.

 

In addition to the foregoing, certain provisions of the Ley Federal del Trabajo, or the Federal Labor Law, could materially adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. The Federal Labor Law, as amended in November 2012, provides, among other things, that personnel outsourcing agreements must meet certain requirements. If these requirements are not met, the company that receives the benefit of the outsourced services might be deemed to be the employer of the personnel performing the services and thus required to comply with all the obligations applicable to employers pursuant to the Federal Labor Law in respect of such personnel.

 

In the last quarter of 2013, the Mexican Federal Congress approved a new tax reform, which became effective as of January 1, 2014. The reform has the following effects on the Mexican tax laws: the issuance of a new income tax law, the repeal of the flat rate business tax law and the cash deposits tax law, and certain amendments and changes to the Mexican tax laws related to value added tax, or VAT, and excise tax.

 

Among the tax reforms approved by the Mexican Federal Congress, the most relevant changes include (i) the elimination of the consolidation regime; (ii) the increase to the border VAT rate from 11% to 16%; (iii) the increase of the excise tax rates applicable to certain activities and industries such as the sale of foods with high density fat and the sale of sweetened drinks; (iv) the elimination of several deductions to the income tax, including the deduction of 47% of non-taxable employee benefits; (v) the imposition of an additional tax of 10% on dividends paid to individuals or foreign residents; and (vi) the increase in the maximum income tax rate to 35% for individuals.

 

In February 2014, certain subsidiaries of the Company filed an amparo proceeding challenging the constitutionality of the elimination of the deduction of 47% of the non-taxable employee benefits against the income tax. The amparo petition is pending resolution.

 

The following describes the tax reforms that have an important impact on us:

 

Elimination of the tax consolidation regime: As a consequence of this reform, we have been paying since 2014, and expect to continue to pay for five more years, income tax that was deferred in prior years in an aggregate amount of Ps.6,813 million.

 

Limitation of the deduction of non-taxable employee benefits: As a result of the tax reform, employee benefits that are exempt from income tax are deductible only up to 53%. This reform has resulted in an increase in income tax payable by some of our subsidiaries.

 

Increase to the border VAT rate: The preferential VAT rate of 11% applicable to operations carried out in the border region of Mexico was eliminated; consequently, going forward, the general VAT rate of 16% must be applied in the entire country. This means that any of our entities that render services or sell goods in the border region will have to charge an additional 5% of VAT to their customers. However, as part of the tax reform of 2019, a new tax

 

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incentive may be submitted by certain taxpayers to reduce the VAT rate within the Northern Border Region of Mexico.

 

In December 2018, the Mexican Federal Congress approved the economic plan for 2019. The new plan did not include material changes in the tax legislation like tax amnesty or new taxes. The tax reforms revoked the ability to offset overpayments of different type of taxes and granted some incentives for certain taxpayers, as follows:

 

Limitation to use overpayments of VAT and income tax to offset other taxes: Prior to December 2018, taxpayers were able to offset overpayments of different type of taxes against each other and against taxes withheld. With the tax reform, this ability was eliminated and taxpayers are only allowed to offset tax overpayments that derive from the same type of tax. This limitation may affect some of our subsidiaries that recurrently have VAT or Income Tax overpayments but could offset those overpayments against each other (i.e. VAT against income tax). As of January 2019, taxpayers will only be able to (i) request a refund of the overpayment or (ii) offset tax overpayments against the same type of tax.

 

Tax incentives for taxpayers operating in the Northern Border Region of Mexico: The objective of these incentives is to promote productivity and create new sources of employment in the Northern Border Region of Mexico. These tax incentives became effective on January 1, 2019 and will remain in force until December 2020.

 

Income tax reduction: Mexican individuals and entities, and residents abroad with permanent establishment in Mexico that receive income exclusively in the Northern Border Region of Mexico from their business activities will be able to apply a tax credit equal to one-third of the income tax corresponding to that income. In order to apply this tax incentive, an authorization must be obtained from the corresponding tax authority. Once the authorization is obtained, several rules shall be taken into consideration in order to retain the tax incentive.

 

VAT rate reduction: Mexican individuals and entities that sell goods, render independent services or grant the temporary use of goods in establishments located within the Northern Border Region of Mexico, may apply a tax credit equivalent to 50% of the VAT ordinary rate (16% to be reduced to 8%). In order to be able to apply the tax credit, taxpayers must submit an application notice to the corresponding tax authority.

 

The Amendment to the Regulations of the General Health Law on Advertising Could Materially Affect Our Business, Results of Operations and Financial Condition

 

On February 14, 2014, the Mexican Ministry of Health published in the Official Gazette of the Federation an amendment to the Regulations of the General Health Law on Advertising, pursuant to which advertisers of certain high-caloric foods and non-alcoholic beverages are required to obtain prior permission from the health authorities in order to advertise their products on radio, broadcast television, pay-TV and in movie theaters (the “Health Law Amendment”). The Health Law Amendment became effective on April 16, 2014 and comprehensive guidelines entitled “Guidelines with nutritional and advertising criteria for advertisers of food and non-alcoholic beverages for obtaining permission for the advertising of their products with respect to the provisions of Articles 22 bis and 79 of the Regulations of the General Health Law on Advertising” (the “Health Law Guidelines”) were published in the Official Gazette of the Federation on April 15, 2014 and became effective on July 7, 2014 for the advertisement of the following products: snacks, flavored drinks, candies, chocolates, or foods similar to chocolates and became effective for the remaining products on January 1, 2015.

 

The Health Law Guidelines restrict the hours that certain high-caloric foods and non-alcoholic drinks can be advertised. These restrictions do not apply when the advertisement is aired during certain programs such as sports, dramas, news programs, series officially rated as unsuitable for children, films with ratings of B, B15, C and D, and programs where the advertiser certifies through audience research that people between the ages of 4 and 12 represent no more than 35% of the audience and receives the prior consent from the Federal Commission for the Protection Against Health Risks.

 

We cannot predict the impact or effect that such Health Law Amendment might continue to have on our results of operations in the future.

 

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The Reform and Addition of Various Provisions of the Mexican Constitution Related to Telecommunications, the LFTR, and Other Recent Actions of IFT May Significantly and Adversely Affect the Business, Results of Operations and Financial Results of Some of Our Business Segments

 

Any regulations related to the LFTR that could be issued by the President of Mexico and IFT, as applicable, or amendments to the LFTR and certain actions recently taken by IFT, or to be taken by IFT from time to time, affect or could significantly and adversely affect the business, results of operations and financial condition of certain of our subsidiaries that provide services in the areas of broadcasting, cable and telecommunications.

 

The LFTR provides that measures taken or decisions issued by IFT are not subject to judicial stay. Therefore, subject to limited exceptions, until a decision, action or omission by IFT is declared void or unconstitutional by a competent court through a binding and final judgment, IFT’s decision, action or omission will be valid and will have full legal effect.

 

As a result of the reforms to the Mexican Constitution and the must-offer and must-carry regulations issued by IFT, starting on September 10, 2013, our concessionaries of broadcast services have been required to permit pay-TV concessionaries to retransmit broadcast signals, free of charge and on a non-discriminatory basis, within the same geographic coverage area simultaneously and without modifications, including advertising, and with the same quality of the broadcast signal, except in certain specific cases provided in the transitory Articles of the June 2013 Telecom Reform (the “Telecom Reform”). Also, since September 10, 2013, our pay-TV concessionaires are required to retransmit broadcast signals of free television concessionaires, free of charge and on a non-discriminatory basis, subject to certain exceptions and additional requirements provided for in the Telecom Reform.

 

Certain pay-TV concessionaries benefit from the free use of broadcast for retransmission to their subscribers. Consequently, the business that licenses to pay-TV concessionaires our television signals and our subsidiary that is the owner and/or licensor of the audiovisual works that we have produced or distributed, jointly or separately by us and some of our subsidiaries, have ceased receiving significant income from licensing retransmission rights, which has affected and will continue to affect their results of operations.

 

On February 27, 2014, the “General Guidelines Regarding the Provisions of Section 1 of the Eight Article of the Transitory Decree Amending and Supplementing a Number of Provisions of Articles 6, 7, 27, 28, 73, 78, 94 and 105 of the Mexican Constitution in Telecommunications,” or the Guidelines, were published in the Official Gazette of the Federation, which include, among other obligations, the obligation of concessionaires of broadcast television licenses to permit the retransmission of their broadcast signals and the obligation of pay-TV concessionaires to perform such retransmission (without requiring the prior consent of the broadcast television concessionaires) in the same geographic coverage zone for free (subject to certain exceptions) and in a non-discriminatory manner in its entirety, simultaneously and without modifications, including advertising, and with the same quality of the broadcast signal without requiring consent from the broadcast television concessionaires.

 

On March 6, 2014, IFT issued a decision (the “Preponderance Decision”) whereby it determined that we, together with other entities with concessions to provide broadcast television, including some of our subsidiaries, are preponderant economic agents in the broadcasting sector in Mexico (together, the “Preponderant Economic Agent”). The Preponderance Decision imposes on the Preponderant Economic Agent various measures, terms, conditions and restrictive obligations, some of which are described below, that may significantly and adversely affect the activities and businesses of our broadcasting businesses, as well as the results of operations and financial condition:

 

·                  Infrastructure sharing — The Preponderant Economic Agent must make its passive broadcasting infrastructure available to third-party concessionaires of broadcast television for commercial purposes in a non-discriminatory and non-exclusive manner, with the exception of broadcasters that, at the time the measures enter into force, have 12 MHz or more of radio-electric spectrum in the geographic area concerned. Such passive broadcasting infrastructure includes, among others, non-electronic elements at transmitting locations, rights of way, ducts, masts, trenches, towers, poles, security, sites, land, energy sources and air conditioning system elements. This action may result in the Preponderant Economic Agent being bound to incur substantial additional costs and obligations in complying with this requirement, as well as affecting the results of operations. Furthermore, this measure will facilitate the entry and expansion of new competitors in the broadcasting industry without such competitors having to incur costs or

 

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investment expenses that new businesses in this industry otherwise would have made and which we incurred in the past and will continue incurring in the future in order to remain competitive. A first infrastructure offer with the terms and conditions to make our passive broadcasting infrastructure available to third-party concessionaires was published on our website on December 19, 2014 and was valid until December 31, 2016. This was succeeded by a second infrastructure offer, which we published on our website on November 30, 2016 and which is effective as of January 1, 2017. This was succeeded by a third infrastructure offer, which we published on our website on November 30, 2017 to be effective from January 1, 2018 through December 31, 2019. The third infrastructure offer includes the offer of the signal emissions in terms set forth in the new Preponderance Measures described below. The price to be paid by the concessionaires for the use of our infrastructure is subject to negotiation. As of this date, we have not received any request from third-party concessionaries regarding such infrastructure offer. If the Company and the relevant concessionaire do not agree on a price, the IFT may determine a price, which, if it does not meet market conditions, may affect the businesses, results of operations and financial conditions of certain of our subsidiaries that provide services in the areas of broadcasting and telecommunications.

 

·                  Advertising sales — According to the Preponderance Decision, the Preponderant Economic Agent must deliver to IFT the terms and conditions of its broadcast advertising services and fee structures, including commercials, packages, discount plans and any other commercial offerings and publish them on its webpage. The Preponderant Economic Agent also must make publicly available on its website its forms of contracts and terms of sale for each service. Based on this decision, the Preponderant Economic Agent is expressly prohibited from refusing to sell advertising and/or discriminate with respect to the advertising spaces being offered. If IFT considers that the Preponderant Economic Agent has failed to comply with the foregoing, IFT may order the Preponderant Economic Agent to make its advertising spaces available, which, in turn, could affect the ability of the Preponderant Economic Agent to carry out its advertising sales plans in an efficient and competitive manner, affecting its operating results. This provision may also affect the ability of the Preponderant Economic Agent to offer competitive rates to its customers. This provision, may give a competitive advantage to, among others, our broadcast television competitors, TV Azteca, S.A.B. de C.V., or TV Azteca, Imagen Television, and new concessionaires of broadcast television spectrum.

 

·                  Prohibition on acquiring certain exclusive content — The Preponderant Economic Agent may not acquire transmission rights, on an exclusive basis, for any location within Mexico with respect to certain relevant content, determined by IFT in the “Ruling whereby IFT identifies the relevant audiovisual contents in terms and for the purposes of the fourth measure and the second transitory article of the fourth attachment of the Telecommunication Preponderance Decision and the Broadcasting Preponderance Decision”, or the Relevant Content Ruling, which list may be updated every two years by IFT. Relevant content is defined as programs with a high expected level of regional or national audience and with unique characteristics that in the past have generated high levels of national or regional audiences. The Relevant Content Ruling identified certain programs that would be considered relevant content, namely, Mexican national soccer team games, the opening and closing ceremonies of the Olympic Games, the opening and closing ceremonies and semifinals and finals of the FIFA World Cup, and the finals of the Mexican Soccer League. Also on November 14, 2018, IFT updated the list, eliminating the opening and closing ceremonies of the Olympic Games and adding 16 matches of the FIFA World Cup, semifinals of the Mexican Soccer League and the Super Bowl. This Ruling applies to broadcasting Preponderant Economic Agents and may limit the ability of Preponderant Economic Agents to negotiate and have access to this content and could affect its ability to acquire content in the medium and long term, which could significantly and adversely affect its revenues and results of operations from the sale of advertising, as well as the quality of the programming offered for its audiences. These audiences may move to other broadcast television transmissions or other technological platforms that transmit such content, or to other leisure activities such as browsing the internet or playing videogames, among others.

 

·                  Over-the-air channels — When the Preponderant Economic Agent offers any of its over-the-air channels, or channels that have at least 50% of the programming that is broadcast daily between 6:00 a.m. and midnight on such channels, to its affiliates, subsidiaries, related parties or third parties, for distribution through a different technological platform than over-the-air broadcast television, the Preponderant Economic Agent must offer these channels to any other person that asks for distribution over the same platform as the Preponderant Economic Agent has offered, on the same terms and conditions. Also, if the Preponderant Economic Agent offers a package of two or more of these channels, it must also offer them in an unpackaged form upon request. This may significantly affect our ability to commercialize our programming, including programming that is not produced for broadcast television, which could affect our

 

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revenues and results of operations. Likewise, our ability to make more efficient use of other technological platforms could be significantly affected.

 

·                  Prohibition on participating in “buyers’ clubs” or syndicates to acquire audiovisual content, without IFT’s prior approval — The Preponderant Economic Agent may not enter into or remain a member of any “buyers’ club” or syndicates of audiovisual content unless it has received the prior approval of IFT. A “buyers’ club” is defined as any arrangement between two or more economic agents to jointly acquire broadcast rights to audiovisual content in order to obtain better contractual terms. This may result in the Preponderant Economic Agent not having exclusive access to certain audiovisual content and consequently its audiences may move to other broadcast television transmissions or other technological platforms that transmit such content. It may also result in its acquisition costs significantly increasing, which can affect business strategy, financial condition and results of operations. This provision, when applied, will award a competitive advantage to, among others, our broadcast television competitors, TV Azteca, Imagen Television, and to new licensees of broadcast television spectrum. This measure will also prevent other domestic players and the Preponderant Economic Agent from obtaining content together at competitive prices and taking advantage of economies of scale which may be available to international players.

 

On February 27, 2017, as part of the bi-annual review of the broadcasting sector preponderance rules, IFT amended various measures, terms, conditions and restrictive obligations (the New Preponderance Measures) as follows:

 

·                  Infrastructure sharing — In addition to the previously imposed obligations regarding the sharing of passive infrastructure, the New Preponderance Measures have (i) included the service of signal emissions in the event that no passive infrastructure exists on the relevant requested site; (ii) strengthened the supervision of services provided by the Preponderant Economic Agent and tariff arrangements made with its clients; (iii) included certain rules relating to publicity of its tariffs; and (iv) included a new electronic management system. Under the new Preponderance Measures, the IFT determined specific tariffs for our third infrastructure offer.

 

·                  Prohibition on acquiring certain exclusive content — This measure has been modified by enabling the Preponderant Economic Agent to acquire relevant content under certain circumstances as long as it obtains the sublicense of such transmission rights to the other broadcasters of over-the-air television in Mexico on non-discriminatory terms.

 

·                  Advertising sales — IFT modified this measure by including specific requirements to the Preponderant Economic Agent in its provision of over the air advertising services, particularly to telecommunications companies, which include (i) publishing and delivering to IFT specific information regarding tariffs, discount plans, contracting and sales terms and conditions, contract forms and other relevant practices; and (ii) prohibiting discrimination, refusals to deal, conditioned sales and other conditions that inhibit competition. The Preponderant Economic Agent also has to provide very detailed information to IFT on a recurrent basis of over the air advertising services related to telecommunications companies.

 

·                  Accounting separation — We, as the Preponderant Economic Agent, are required to implement an accounting separation methodology and we have begun the process of implementing the criteria defined by IFT for those purposes, which criteria were published in the Diario Oficial de la Federación, or the Official Gazette of the Federation, on December 29, 2017.

 

On March 28, 2014, we, together with our subsidiaries determined to be the Preponderant Economic Agent in the broadcasting sector, filed an amparo proceeding challenging the constitutionality of the Preponderance Decision. The final resolution is still pending. We are unable to predict the outcome of this proceeding.

 

Additionally, on March 31, 2017, we, together with our subsidiaries, filed an amparo proceeding challenging the constitutionality of the New Preponderance Measures. The amparo proceeding has not been resolved yet and we are unable to predict the outcome.

 

The Telecom Reform provided for a public bid or auction to grant licenses to establish the National Digital Networks. The “Auction Program for Digital Television Broadcast Frequencies” took place in 2014 and the first part

 

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of 2015. See “— Existing Mexican Laws and Regulations or Changes Thereto or the Imposition of New Ones May Negatively Affect Our Operations and Revenue”.

 

Imagen Television’s National Digital Networks and the new 148 channels of Digital Terrestrial Television compete and will compete with our broadcasting subsidiaries for advertising revenues, which together with the measures previously described, can affect revenues and operating results and our ability to have access to competitive content or content of interest to advertisers and audiences. As a result, these advertisers and audiences may move to other broadcast television stations or other technological platforms, and our audience share may be reduced. Likewise, we may incur additional costs in order to meet other obligations of IFT as previously described and which may be imposed on us as a result of the LFTR and the secondary regulations issued by the executive power and IFT, as applicable.

 

In addition to competition from the National Digital Networks, we could also be subject to additional competition from new competitors in the broadcast, cable and telecommunications markets in which we participate, including pay-TV, broadband, telephone services, cable providers, DTH television, telephone operators and other participants as a result of the elimination on the restrictions on foreign investment in telecommunications services and satellite communication and the increase in the maximum permitted foreign-ownership in broadcasting (television and radio) to 49%.

 

The LFTR provides that integrated sole concessions will be renewed for terms equal to the maximum terms for which they could be granted, namely, up to 30 years. To request the renewal of a concession, a concession holder must: (i) file its request with IFT one year prior to the beginning of the fifth period of the term of the concession; (ii) comply with its obligations established in the applicable laws and in the concession title; and (iii) accept the new conditions that IFT may impose. In such cases, IFT will issue its ruling within 180 days following the date the concession holder files the renewal request. If IFT does not issue its ruling within 180 days the renewal will be automatically granted.

 

In the case of concessions for the use of radio-electric spectrum, the maximum term of renewal is 20 years. Renewal of concessions for the use of spectrum require, among others: (i) to request such renewal to IFT in the year prior to the last fifth period of the fixed term of the related concession; (ii) to be in compliance with the concession holder’s obligations under the LFTR, other applicable regulations, and the concession title; (iii) a declaration by IFT that there is no public interest in recovering the spectrum granted under the related concession; and (iv) the acceptance by the concession holder of any new conditions for renewing the concession as set forth by IFT, including the payment of a related fee. To our knowledge, no spectrum granted for broadcasting services in Mexico has been recovered by the Mexican government in the past several years for public interest reasons; however, the Company is unable to predict the outcome of any action by IFT in this regard.

 

IFT has approved the renewal of the concession titles for the use of spectrum for the broadcast television signals known as Las Estrellas, Canal 5, Canal 9, Foro TV and other local television stations, for a term of 20 years after the existing expiration dates, as well as the issuance of concessions that grant the authorization to provide digital broadcasting television services.

 

On March 13, 2015, the IFT investigative authority issued a preliminary opinion (the “Opinion”), which was published in the Official Gazette on March 18, 2015. The Opinion was issued pursuant to Transitory Article 39 of the LFTR and presumed the probable existence of substantial power in the market of restricted television and audio services in Mexico, with respect to the Company and some of its subsidiaries. IFT determined that the Company did not hold substantial power in the investigated markets (the “Original Ruling”). However, on January 19, 2017, as a result of an amparo proceeding filed by a third party, a Circuit Court ordered IFT to revoke the Original Ruling and issue a new ruling analyzing elements only within the period from January 2009 to August 2014. The Circuit Court determined that in the Original Ruling, IFT took into consideration information outside of the relevant period of review, which should have only been the period from January 2009 to August 2014.

 

As a consequence of the ruling, IFT issued a new resolution (the “New Resolution”) on February 24, 2017, determining that the Company and some of its subsidiaries have substantial power in the market of restricted television and audio services. The New Resolution was challenged by the Company and some of its subsidiaries in several proceedings filed on March 23, 2017 and May 9, 2017.

 

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The Supreme Court resolved one of these legal actions on February 7, 2018. The Court ruled that IFT exceeded the Guidelines ordered by the Circuit Court. As a result, a federal court required IFT to overrule the New Resolution and issue another one under the Guidelines ordered by the Supreme Court. Subsequently on March 20, 2018, IFT revised the New Resolution, concluding that it does not have the elements necessary to determine the existence of any economic agent with substantial power in the market of restricted television and audio services. In compliance with the guidelines issued by the Supreme Court in February 2018, this new resolution replaces IFT’s prior determination of substantial power. As a result of this resolution, any proceeding previously initiated by IFT to impose asymmetric measures on the Company and its subsidiaries relating to the determination of substantial power is not effective, and the measures directly provided for such purposes in current regulations are not to be applied. On April 23, 2018, a federal court determined that IFT compiled with the court resolution.

 

As part of our expansion of our cable business, on August 14, 2014, we acquired Cablecom and its subsidiaries (the “Cablecom Acquisition”), and on January 8, 2015, we acquired Telecable and its affiliates and subsidiaries (the “Telecable Acquisition”). For each of the Cablecom and Telecable Acquisitions, the IFT conducted an investigation pursuant to transitory Article 9 of the LFTR in order to analyze and determine if, as result of each transactions, the Company acquired substantial market power in the pay television and audio services market. On November 2, 2015, and February 29, 2016, respectively, the IFT ruled that there were no sufficient elements to determine the existence of market power in the municipalities of Mexico in which Cablecom and Telecable operate. The IFT resolutions were challenged by certain third parties but were favorably resolved for the interests of the Company by a federal court. Notwithstanding the foregoing, IFT has legal authority to conduct new investigations in order to determine the existence of an economic agent with substantial power in any of the relevant markets of the broadcasting and telecommunication sectors. As part of our expansion of our cable business, on December 17, 2018, we acquired FTTH under the provisions set forth in transitory Article 9 of LFTR. As of this date, the Company has not been notified of any procedure initiated by the IFT in order to analyze and determine if, as a result of this transaction, the Company acquired substantial market power in the pay television and audio services market in the municipalities of Mexico in which FTTH operates.

 

Overall, the Telecom Reform, the LFTR and secondary regulations already issued and to be issued by the executive power or IFT, as applicable, as well as any actions taken by IFT, may increase our operating costs and interfere with our ability to provide, or prevent us from offering, some of our current or future services. Moreover, the entry of new market participants and the introduction of new products could result in an impairment to the prices of some of our products and/or costs and adversely affect our results in some business segments in future periods.

 

The resolutions issued by IFT under the Telecom Reform significantly and adversely affect certain areas related to some of our activities, including broadcasting, cable and telecommunications, as well as our ability to introduce new products, infrastructure and services, to enter into new businesses or complementary businesses, to consummate acquisitions or joint ventures, to determine the rates we charge for our products, services and use of our infrastructure, to acquire broadcast rights to exclusive content, and to charge market rates for the licensing of copyrights we hold.

 

See “Information on the Company — Business Overview — Regulation — Telecom Reform and Broadcasting Regulations”.

 

Risk Factors Related to Our Major Stockholders

 

Emilio Azcárraga Jean Has and Will Have Substantial Influence Over Our Management and the Interests of Mr. Azcárraga Jean may Differ from Those of Other Stockholders

 

We have four classes of common stock: Series “A” Shares, Series “B” Shares, Series “D” Shares, and Series “L” Shares. A trust for the benefit of Emilio Azcárraga Jean, or the Azcárraga Trust, currently holds 43.4% of the outstanding Series “A” shares, 0.1% of the outstanding Series “B” shares, 0.1% of the outstanding Series “D” shares and 0.1% of the outstanding Series “L” shares of the Company. As a result, Emilio Azcárraga Jean controls the vote of most of the shares held through the Azcárraga Trust. The Series “A” Shares held through the Azcárraga Trust constitute a majority of the Series “A” Shares whose holders are entitled to vote because non-Mexican holders of CPOs and GDSs are not permitted to vote the underlying Series “A” Shares in accordance with the trust agreement governing the CPOs and the Company’s bylaws. Accordingly, and so long as non-Mexicans own more than a minimal number of Series “A” Shares, Emilio Azcárraga Jean will have the ability to direct the election of 11 out of 20 members of our Board of Directors, as well as prevent certain actions by the stockholders, including dividend payments, mergers, spin-offs, changes in corporate purpose, changes of nationality and amendments to the anti-takeover provisions of our bylaws. See “Major Stockholders and Related Party Transactions — The Major Stockholders”.

 

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As Controlling Stockholder, Emilio Azcárraga Jean Has the Ability to Limit Our Ability to Raise Capital, Which Would Require Us to Seek Other Financing Arrangements

 

Emilio Azcárraga Jean has the voting power to prevent us from raising money through equity offerings. Mr. Azcárraga Jean has informed us that if we conduct a primary sale of our equity, he would consider exercising his pre-emptive rights to purchase a sufficient number of additional Series “A” Shares in order to maintain such power. In the event that Mr. Azcárraga Jean is unwilling to subscribe for additional shares and/or prevents us from raising money through equity offerings, we would need to raise money through a combination of debt or other forms of financing, which we may not obtain, or if so, possibly not on favorable terms.

 

Risk Factors Related to Our Business

 

The Operation of Our Business May Be Adversely Affected if the Mexican Government Does Not Renew or Revokes Our Broadcast or Other Concessions

 

In June 2013, the Mexican Federal Congress passed the Telecom Reform which, among other things, created IFT. IFT has the authority to grant concessions for radio and television stations as well as for telecommunications services.

 

Under Mexican law, we need concessions from IFT (previously from SCT) to broadcast our programming over our television and radio stations, and to provide telecommunication services. In November 2018, all of our digital broadcast television concessions were renewed until 2042. The expiration dates for the concessions for our radio stations range from 2020 to 2046. See “— Risk Factors Related to Mexico — Existing Mexican Laws and Regulations or Changes Thereto or the Imposition of New Ones May Negatively Affect Our Operations and Revenue”. The expiration dates of our Cable and Telecommunications concessions range from 2018 to 2046 and our DTH concessions expire between 2018 and 2027. Cablevisión obtained a telecommunications concession that expires in 2029. Before the Telecom Reform in 2013, the SCT typically renewed the concessions of those concessionaires that complied with the applicable renewal procedures under Mexican law and with their obligations under the concession. In July 2014, the Mexican Federal Congress enacted the LFTR, which provides that integrated sole concessions will be renewed for terms equal to the maximum terms for which they could be granted, namely, up to 30 years.

 

Under Mexican law, we need a permit, or Gaming Permit, from the Secretaría de Gobernación, or Mexican Ministry of the Interior, to operate our gaming business. The operation of our gaming business may be terminated or interrupted if the Mexican Government does not renew or revokes our Gaming Permit. The Gaming Permit was granted to us on May 25, 2005 and its expiration date is May 24, 2030. We are unable to predict if we will obtain a renewal of the Gaming Permit.

 

See “— Risk Factors Related to Mexico — Existing Mexican Laws and Regulations or Changes Thereto or the Imposition of New Ones May Negatively Affect Our Operations and Revenue” and “ — The Reform and Addition of Various Provisions of the Mexican Constitution Related to Telecommunications, the LFTR, and Other Recent Actions of IFT May Significantly and Adversely Affect the Business, Results of Operations and Financial Results of Some of Our Business Segments”.

 

We Face Competition in Each of Our Markets That We Expect Will Intensify

 

We face competition in all of our businesses, including broadcasting, advertising sales, cable, pay-TV, telecommunications and all other businesses. The entities in which we have strategic investments and the joint ventures in which we participate also face competition. We expect that competition in our different businesses will intensify.

 

This competition arises in part from the growth of the convergent market, pursuant to which certain concessionaries of telecommunication services are allowed to provide other services not included in their original concessions.

 

In television broadcasting, we face substantial competition from TV Azteca and other broadcasters such as Imagen Television and Multimedios, among others. See “Information on the Company — Business Overview — Our Operations — Content — Television Industry in Mexico” and “Information on the Company — Business Overview — Our Operations — Programming — Television Networks”.

 

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Over-the-air broadcasting television also faces increased competition from other audiovisual platforms, including a great variety of pay-television channels distributed in Mexico, over-the-top (“OTT”) providers, and audiovisual content distributed over the internet and videogame systems.

 

At the end of 2017, IFT completed the auction process for several local over-the-air television licenses in Mexico. As a result, 13 groups and/or individuals have a license (concession) to operate in different cities throughout Mexico. This will mainly result in additional competition for our local channels.

 

In radio broadcasting, we compete with other radio stations in their respective markets. Among our main competitors in the radio broadcast business are Grupo Radio Centro S.A.B. de C.V., NRM Comunicaciones, S.A. de C.V. and Grupo Acir, S.A. de C.V.

 

With respect to advertising, our radio and television stations compete with other radio and television stations in their respective markets, as well as with other advertising media, such as pay-TV, newspapers, magazines, internet and outdoor advertising.

 

Our DTH satellite business faces competition from various competitors, including Dish Mexico, a DTH satellite pay-TV platform which launched its services in Mexico at the end of 2008, Start TV, a Dish Satellite pay-TV platform, Mega Cable Comunicaciones, S.A. de C.V., or Megacable, Total Play, cable television companies which are subsidiaries of the Company, as well as from Digital TV and OTT platforms. In addition, the DTH market competes with other media with respect to advertising and sales, including Pay-TV, outdoor advertising and publishing, among others.

 

In addition, the entertainment and telecommunications industries in which we operate are changing rapidly because of new participants and evolving distribution technologies, including the internet.

 

The cable industry in Mexico has become highly competitive and we face significant competition. Most cable operators are authorized to provide pay-TV, internet broadband services and voice services, including Voice over Internet Protocol, or VoIP, which poses a risk to us. We also face competition from the Preponderant Economic Agent in telecommunications, particularly in the provision of data and fixed telephony services. The cable business is also capital intensive.

 

Our pay-TV companies face competition from IPTV or OTT providers such as Netflix, Claro Video and Prime Video (Amazon), as well as from other pay-TV operators such as Dish Mexico, Total Play, Megacable and other cable television companies. Additionally, our cable television companies face competition from Sky.

 

We also face competition in our publishing business, where each of our magazine publications competes for readership and advertising revenues with other magazines of a general character and with other forms of print and non-print media.

 

The production and distribution of feature films is a highly competitive and complex business in Mexico. The various producers compete for the services of recognized talent and for film rights to scripts and other literary property. We compete with other feature film producers, Mexican and non-Mexican, and global distributors such as Amazon, Disney and Netflix in the distribution of films in Mexico, the U.S. and in Latin America. We also face competition in our other businesses. See “Information on the Company — Business Overview — Competition”.

 

Our principal competitors in the gaming industry are Codere S.A., or Codere, Corporación Interamericana de Entretenimiento, S.A.B. de C.V., or CIE, Grupo Caliente S.A. de C.V., or Grupo Caliente, Grupo Cirsa, S.A. de C.V., or Grupo Cirsa, and Atracciones y Emociones Vallarta, S.A. de C.V., or Grupo Logrand.

 

Our future success will be affected by changes in the broadcasting, advertising sales, cable, telecommunications, entertainment, gaming and other industries where we participate, which we cannot predict, and consolidation in such industries could further intensify competitive pressures. We expect to face competition from an increasing number of sources in Mexico, including emerging technologies that provide new services to pay-TV customers and new entrants in the public and pay-TV industries, which will require us to make significant capital expenditures in new technologies and will result in higher costs in the acquisition of content or may impair our ability to renew rights to special events, including sporting and entertainment events. Our business may require

 

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substantial capital to pursue additional acquisitions and capital expenditures, which may result in additional incurrence of leverage, issuance of additional capital or a combination thereof.

 

The Seasonal Nature of Our Business Affects Our Revenue and a Significant Reduction in Fourth Quarter Net Sales Could Impact Our Results of Operations

 

Our business reflects seasonal patterns of advertising expenditures, which is common in the television broadcast industry, as well as cyclical patterns in periodic events such as the FIFA World Cup and the Olympic Games. We typically recognize a disproportionately large percentage of our Content advertising net sales in the fourth quarter in connection with the holiday shopping season. For example, in 2016, 2017 and 2018 we recognized 34.4%, 32.9% and 31.0%, respectively, of our net sales in the fourth quarter of the year. Accordingly, a significant reduction in fourth quarter advertising revenue could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

DIRECTV Has Certain Governance and Veto Rights Over Some Operations of Innova

 

We own a 58.7% interest in Innova, our DTH venture in Mexico, Central America and the Dominican Republic. The remaining balance of Innova’s equity is indirectly owned by The DIRECTV Group, Inc., or DIRECTV, through its subsidiaries DTH (Mexico) Investment, LTD, DIRECTV Latin America Holdings, Inc. and DIRECTV Latin America LLC. Although we hold a majority of Innova’s equity and designate a majority of the members of Innova’s Board of Directors, DIRECTV has certain governance and veto rights in Innova, including the right to block certain transactions between us and Innova. DIRECTV was acquired by AT&T Inc. in July 2015.

 

Loss of Transmission or Loss of the Use of Satellite Transponders Could Cause a Business Interruption in Innova, Which Would Adversely Affect Our Net Income

 

Media and telecom companies, including Innova, rely on satellite transmissions to conduct their day-to-day business. Any unforeseen and sudden loss of transmission or non-performance of the satellite for Innova can cause huge losses to Innova’s business. The unforeseen loss of transmission may be caused due to the satellite’s loss of the orbital slot or the reduction in the satellite’s functional life.

 

The size of the business interruption impact for Innova in the case of a satellite loss exceeds the insurance we have acquired to cover this risk. In order to reduce the possibility of financial consequences resulting from an unforeseen loss of transmission, Innova entered into an agreement to launch a backup satellite jointly with Sky Brasil Servicos Ltda., or Sky Brasil, which was launched in the first quarter of 2010. In the third quarter of 2013, Sky entered into an agreement with DirecTV for the acquisition and launch of a satellite named SM-1, which started operations in June 2015. In the future, we may have to invest in additional satellite capacity. We cannot predict the extent of losses to Innova in the case of current or new satellite loss or the effectiveness of any alternative strategy.

 

Any Incidents Affecting Our Network and Information Systems or Other Technologies Could Have an Adverse Impact on Our Business, Reputation and Results of Operations

 

Our business operations rely heavily on network and information systems and other technology systems. Incidents affecting these systems, including cyber-attacks, viruses, other destructive or disruptive software or activities, process breakdowns, outages, or accidental release of information could result in a disruption of our operations, improper disclosure of personal data of clients, subscribers, or employees, or other privileged or confidential information, or unauthorized access to our digital content or any other type of intellectual property. In 2016, we detected that our systems were accessed without authorization. While an investigation conducted with third-party cybersecurity experts revealed that certain email systems were accessed without authorization, no evidence was found that any databases containing personal data of clients, subscribers, or employees were compromised. The incident has not had a material effect on our business or operations. It is common for a company such as ours to be subjected to continuous attempted cyber-attacks or other malicious efforts to cause a cybersecurity incident. Any such incident could damage our reputation and may require us to expend substantial resources on litigation, regulatory investigation, and remediation costs, and could therefore have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations. We continue to work closely with our outside advisors to prevent cybersecurity incidents, and to invest in maintaining and improving cybersecurity resilience. The company’s cybersecurity risks are monitored by our Audit Committee and reported to our Board of Directors. Nevertheless, because of the nature of the threats, there can be no assurance that our preventative efforts can fully prevent or mitigate all such incidents or be successful in avoiding harm to our business in the future.

 

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The Results of Operations of Univision Holdings, Inc. May Affect Our Results of Operations and the Value of Our Investment in That Company

 

We have a substantial investment in Univision Holdings, Inc., or UHI (formerly known as Broadcasting Media Partners, Inc., or BMP), the parent company of Univision Communications, Inc., or Univision. However, we do not control and do not consolidate the results of UHI. Our investment in UHI is currently held in the form of common stock and warrants that are exercisable for shares of common stock under certain circumstances. The value of the common stock of UHI may fluctuate and could materially increase or decrease the value of our interests in UHI, including the carrying value of the warrants. In addition, the results of operations of UHI and Univision may affect the value of our investment in UHI and our reported results of operations. The business, financial condition and results of operations of Univision could be materially and adversely affected by risks including, but not limited to: (i) failure to service debt; (ii) cancellation, reductions or postponements of advertising; (iii) an increase in the preference among Hispanics for English-language programming; (iv) an increase in the cost of, and decrease in the supply, quality of and demand for, Univision’s programming; (v) changes in the rules and regulations of the Federal Communications Commission, or the FCC; (vi) competitive pressures from other broadcasters and other entertainment and news media; (vii) failure to retain the rights to sports programming; (viii) possible strikes or other union job actions; and (ix) the impact of new technologies.

 

There can be no assurance that the results of operations of UHI and its respective subsidiaries will be sufficient to maintain or increase the value of our investment in such company, or that such results will not materially and adversely affect our results of operations. For a discussion of our investment in UHI, see “Information on the Company— Business Overview — Univision”.

 

We Have Previously Identified Material Weaknesses in Our Internal Controls Over Financial Reporting, and Any Future Material Weaknesses or Failure to Achieve an Effective System of Internal Controls, May Cause Us Not To Be Able to Report Our Financial Results Accurately. In Addition, the Trading Price of Our Securities May Be Adversely Affected by a Related Negative Market Reaction.

 

In connection with the preparation of our financial statements for each of the years ended December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2017, we identified material weaknesses (as defined under standards established by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board) in our internal controls over financial reporting. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the Company’s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. The material weaknesses in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting arose because the Company did not appropriately design, maintain or monitor certain controls in response to the risk of material misstatement, including controls over certain information technology controls, did not design and maintain effective controls over segregation of duties within the accounting systems, including review and approval of manual journal entries, and had ineffective controls with respect to the accounting for certain revenue and the related accounts receivable at certain divisions.

 

As of the date of this annual report, the process of designing, implementing and validating remedial measures related to the material weaknesses noted above has been completed. While none of these weaknesses resulted in improper activities or inaccuracies in or adjustments that affected our previously filed financial statements, if any future material weaknesses occur, it could affect the accuracy of our reporting on the future results of operations and our ability to make our required filings with government authorities, including the SEC. Furthermore, our business and operating results and the price of our securities may be adversely affected by related negative market reactions. While we have no reason to believe there will be further additional material weaknesses identified, we cannot be certain that in the future additional material weaknesses will not exist or otherwise be discovered.

 

For further details, see “Controls and Procedures—Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting, —Remediation Plan and Activities, and —Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting.”

 

Changes in U.S. Tax Law Might Adversely Affect the Results of Operations of Our U.S. Subsidiaries and Joint Venture Entities

 

On December 22, 2017, the United States enacted into law Public Law No. 115-97 (the “Tax Act”). The Tax Act introduced significant changes to U.S. federal income tax laws applicable to our U.S. subsidiaries, affiliates and

 

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joint venture entities including the reduction of the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate from a maximum rate of 35% to a flat rate of 21%, limitation of the tax deduction for interest expense, limitation of the tax deduction for net operating losses, enactment of an immediate deduction for certain new investments, repeal of the corporate alternative minimum tax, and modification or elimination of many business deductions and credits.

 

The Tax Act also imposes a new minimum tax called the Base Erosion and Anti-Abuse Tax (the “BEAT”) on certain U.S. corporations. The BEAT is imposed on certain deductible amounts paid by a U.S. corporation that (i) has aggregate gross receipts of at least $1.5 billion over its three prior taxable years and (ii) is at least 25%-owned by a non-U.S. person (or otherwise related to a non-U.S. person in specified circumstances). The BEAT taxes “modified taxable income” of a U.S. corporation described above at a rate of 5% beginning in 2018, increasing to 10% in 2019 and 12.5% in 2026. In general, modified taxable income is calculated by adding back to the U.S. corporation’s regular taxable income the amount of certain “base erosion tax benefits” with respect to payments to foreign affiliates, as well as the “base erosion percentage” of any net operating loss deductions. The BEAT applies only to the extent it exceeds the U.S. corporation’s regular corporate income tax liability (determined without regard to certain tax credits). At present, we do not expect the BEAT to apply to our U.S. subsidiaries, affiliates and joint ventures, however, it is possible that the BEAT could apply in future years.

 

There is significant uncertainty regarding how these and other provisions of the Tax Act will be interpreted, and guidance in certain areas may not be forthcoming. Any changes to, clarifications of, or guidance under the Tax Act could add significant expense and have an adverse effect on the results of operations of our U.S. subsidiaries, affiliates and joint venture entities. Further, it is unclear how foreign governments and U.S. state and local jurisdictions will incorporate the U.S. federal income tax law changes and such jurisdictions may enact tax laws in response to the Tax Act that could result in further changes to global taxation and adversely affect our financial position and results of operations.

 

Risk Factors Related to Our Securities

 

Any Actions Stockholders May Wish to Bring Concerning Our Bylaws or the CPO Trust Must Be Brought in a Mexican Court

 

Our bylaws provide that a stockholder must bring any legal actions concerning our bylaws in courts located in Mexico City. All parties to the trust agreement governing the CPOs, including the holders of CPOs, have agreed to submit any legal actions concerning the trust agreement only to Mexican courts.

 

Non-Mexicans May Not Hold Series “A” Shares, Series “B” Shares or Series “D” Shares Directly and Must Have Them Held in a Trust at All Times

 

Although, as a result of the Telecom Reform, foreign investors are no longer restricted from holding equity interests in Mexican companies doing business in the telecommunications industry, the trust governing the CPOs and our bylaws nevertheless restrict non-Mexicans from directly owning Series “A” Shares, Series “B” Shares or Series “D” Shares. Non-Mexicans may hold Series “A” Shares, Series “B” Shares or Series “D” Shares indirectly through the CPO Trust, which will control the voting of such shares. Under the terms of the CPO Trust, a non-Mexican holder of CPOs or GDSs may instruct the CPO Trustee to request that we issue and deliver certificates representing each of the shares underlying its CPOs so that the CPO Trustee may sell, to a third party entitled to hold the shares, all of these shares and deliver to the holder any proceeds derived from the sale.

 

Non-Mexican Holders of Our Securities Forfeit Their Securities if They Invoke the Protection of Their Government

 

Pursuant to Mexican law, our bylaws provide that non-Mexican holders of CPOs and GDSs may not ask their government to interpose a claim against the Mexican government regarding their rights as stockholders. If non-Mexican holders of CPOs and GDSs violate this provision of our bylaws, they will automatically forfeit the Series “A” Shares, Series “B” Shares, Series “L” Shares and Series “D” Shares underlying their CPOs and GDSs to the Mexican government.

 

Non-Mexican Holders of Our Securities Have Limited Voting Rights

 

In accordance with the bylaws and trust governing the CPOs of the Company, non-Mexican holders of CPOs or GDSs are not entitled to vote the Series “A” Shares, Series “B” Shares and Series “D” Shares underlying their securities. The Series “L” Shares underlying CPOs or GDSs, the only series of our Shares that can be voted by non-

 

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Mexican holders of CPOs or GDSs, have limited voting rights. These limited voting rights include the right to elect two directors and limited rights to vote on extraordinary corporate actions, including the delisting of the Series “L” Shares and other actions which are adverse to the holders of the Series “L” Shares. For a brief description of the circumstances under which holders of Series “L” Shares are entitled to vote, see “Additional Information — Bylaws — Voting Rights and Stockholders’ Meetings”.

 

Our Antitakeover Protections May Deter Potential Acquirers and May Depress Our Stock Price

 

Certain provisions of our bylaws could make it substantially more difficult for a third party to acquire control of us. These provisions in our bylaws may discourage certain types of transactions involving the acquisition of our securities. These provisions may also limit our stockholders’ ability to approve transactions that may be in their best interests and discourage transactions in which our stockholders might otherwise receive a premium for their Shares over the then current market price and could possibly adversely affect the trading volume in our equity securities. As a result, these provisions may adversely affect the market price of our securities. Holders of our securities who acquire Shares in violation of these provisions will not be able to vote, or receive dividends, distributions or other rights in respect of these securities and would be obligated to pay us a penalty. For a description of these provisions, see “Additional Information — Bylaws — Antitakeover Protections”.

 

GDS Holders May Face Disadvantages When Attempting to Exercise Voting Rights as Compared to Other Holders of Our Securities

 

In situations where we request that The Bank of New York Mellon, the depositary for the securities underlying the GDSs, ask GDS holders for voting instructions, the holders may instruct the depositary to exercise their voting rights, if any, pertaining to the deposited securities. The depositary will attempt, to the extent practical, to arrange to deliver voting materials to these holders. We cannot assure holders of GDSs that they will receive the voting materials in time to ensure that they can instruct the depositary how to vote the deposited securities underlying their GDSs, or that the depositary will be able to forward those instructions and the appropriate proxy request to the CPO Trustee in a timely manner. For stockholders’ meetings, if the depositary does not receive voting instructions from holders of GDSs or does not forward such instructions and appropriate proxy request in a timely manner, if requested in writing from us, it will provide a proxy to a representative designated by us to exercise these voting rights. If no such written request is made by us, the depositary will not represent or vote, attempt to represent or vote any right that attaches to, or instruct the CPO Trustee to represent or vote, the shares underlying the CPOs in the relevant meeting and, as a result, the underlying shares will be voted in the manner described under “Additional Information — Bylaws — Voting Rights and Stockholders’ Meetings — Holders of CPOs”. For CPO Holders’ meetings, if the depositary does not timely receive instructions from a Mexican or non-Mexican holder of GDSs as to the exercise of voting rights relating to the underlying CPOs in the relevant CPO holders’ meeting, the depositary and the custodian will take such actions as are necessary to cause such CPOs to be counted for purposes of satisfying applicable quorum requirements and, unless we in our sole discretion have given prior written notice to the depositary and the custodian to the contrary, vote them in the same manner as the majority of the CPOs are voted at the relevant CPOs holders’ meeting.

 

This means that holders of GDSs may not be able to exercise their right to vote and there may be nothing they can do if the deposited securities underlying their GDSs are not voted as they request.

 

The Interests of Our GDS Holders Will Be Diluted if We Issue New Shares and These Holders Are Unable to Exercise Preemptive Rights for Cash

 

Under Mexican law and our bylaws, our stockholders have preemptive rights with respect to capital increases. This means that in the event that we issue new Shares for cash, our stockholders will have a right to subscribe and pay the number of Shares of the same series necessary to maintain their existing ownership percentage in that series. U.S. holders of our GDSs cannot exercise their preemptive rights unless we register any newly issued Shares under the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, or qualify for an exemption from registration. If U.S. holders of GDSs cannot exercise their preemptive rights, the interests of these holders will be diluted in the event that we issue new Shares for cash. We intend to evaluate at the time of any offering of preemptive rights the costs and potential liabilities associated with registering any additional Shares. We cannot assure you that we will register under the Securities Act any new Shares that we issue for cash. In addition, although the Deposit Agreement provides that the depositary may, after consultation with us, sell preemptive rights in Mexico or elsewhere outside the U.S. and distribute the proceeds to holders of GDSs, under current Mexican law these sales are not possible. See

 

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“Directors, Senior Management and Employees — Stock Purchase Plan and Long-Term Retention Plan” and “Additional Information — Bylaws — Preemptive Rights”.

 

The Protections Afforded to Minority Stockholders in Mexico Are Different from Those in the U.S.

 

Under Mexican law, the protections afforded to minority stockholders are different from those in the U.S. In particular, the law concerning fiduciary duties of directors is not well developed, there is no procedure for class actions or stockholder derivative actions and there are different procedural requirements for bringing stockholder lawsuits. As a result, in practice, it may be more difficult for our minority stockholders to enforce their rights against us or our directors or major stockholders than it would be for stockholders of a U.S. company.

 

The Ley del Mercado de Valores, or the Mexican Securities Market Law, provides additional protection to minority stockholders, such as (i) providing stockholders of a public company representing 5% or more of the capital stock of the public company, an action for liability against the members and secretary of the Board and relevant management of the public company, and (ii) establishing additional responsibilities on the audit committee in all issues that have or may have an effect on minority stockholders and their interests in an issuer or its operations.

 

It May Be Difficult to Enforce Civil Liabilities Against Us or Our Directors, Executive Officers and Controlling Persons

 

We are organized under the laws of Mexico. Substantially all of our directors, executive officers and controlling persons reside outside the U.S., all or a significant portion of the assets of our directors, executive officers and controlling persons, and substantially all of our assets, are located outside of the U.S., and some of the parties named in this annual report also reside outside of the U.S. As a result, it may be difficult for you to effect service of process within the United States upon these persons or to enforce against them or us in U.S. courts judgments predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the federal securities laws of the U.S. We have been advised by our Mexican counsel, Mijares, Angoitia, Cortés y Fuentes, S.C., that there is doubt as to the enforceability, in original actions in Mexican courts, of liabilities predicated solely on U.S. federal securities laws and as to the enforceability in Mexican courts of judgments of U.S. courts obtained in actions predicated upon the civil liability provisions of U.S. federal securities laws.

 

Forward-Looking Statements

 

This annual report and the documents incorporated by reference into this annual report contain forward-looking statements. In addition, we may from time to time make forward-looking statements in reports to the SEC, on Form 6-K, in annual reports to stockholders, in prospectuses, press releases and other written materials and in oral statements made by our officers, directors or employees to analysts, institutional investors, representatives of the media and others. Words such as “believe”, “anticipate”, “plan”, “expect”, “intend”, “seek”, “potential”, “target”, “estimate”, “project”, “predict”, “forecast”, “guideline”, “may”, “should”, “could”, “will” and similar words and expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements, but are not the exclusive means of identifying these statements. Examples of these forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:

 

·                  estimates and projections of financial results, cash flows, capital expenditures, dividends, capital structure, financial position or other financial items or ratios;

 

·                  statements of our plans, objectives or goals, including those relating to anticipated trends, competition, regulation and rates;

 

·                  statements concerning our current and future plans regarding our online and wireless content division, Televisa Digital;

 

·                  statements concerning our current and future plans regarding our investment in Grupo de Telecomunicaciones de Alta Capacidad, S.A.P.I. de C.V., or GTAC;

 

·                  statements concerning our current and future plans regarding our gaming business;

 

·                  statements concerning our future plans, including capital expenditures, regarding the pay-TV, broadband and/or telephony services provided by our subsidiaries;

 

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·                  statements concerning our transactions with Univision and our current and future plans regarding our investment in common stock and the warrants exercisable for common stock of UHI, the parent company of Univision;

 

·                  statements concerning our current and future plans regarding our investment in Tenedora Ares, S.A.P.I. de C.V., or Ares;

 

·                  statements concerning our current and future plans, including capital expenditures, regarding our investment in Innova and our transactions and relationship with DIRECTV;

 

·                  statements concerning our transactions with NBC Universal’s Telemundo Communications Group, or Telemundo;

 

·                  statements about our future economic performance or statements concerning general economic, political or social conditions in Mexico or other countries in which we operate or have investments; and

 

·                  statements or assumptions underlying these statements.

 

We have based these forward-looking statements on our current expectations, assumptions, estimates and projections. While we believe these expectations, assumptions, estimates and projections are reasonable, such forward-looking statements are only predictions and involve known and unknown risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control. We caution you that a number of important factors, including those discussed under “— Risk Factors”, could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in or implied by these forward-looking statements. Some of the factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in or implied by the forward-looking statements include:

 

·                  economic and political developments and conditions and government policies in Mexico or elsewhere;

 

·                  uncertainty in global financial markets;

 

·                  currency fluctuations or the depreciation of the Peso;

 

·                  changes in inflation rates;

 

·                  changes in interest rates;

 

·                  the impact of existing laws and regulations, changes thereto or the imposition of new laws and regulations affecting our businesses, activities and investments;

 

·                  the risk that our concessions may not be renewed;

 

·                  the risk of loss of transmission or loss of the use of satellite transponders or incidents affecting our network and information systems or other technologies;

 

·                  changes in customer demand; and

 

·                  effects of competition.

 

We caution you that the foregoing list of factors is not exhaustive and that other risks and uncertainties may cause actual results to differ materially from those in forward-looking statements. You should evaluate any statements made by us in light of these important factors and you are cautioned not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made, and we do not undertake any obligation to update them in light of new information, future developments or other factors.

 

Item 4.           Information on the Company

 

History and Development of the Company

 

Grupo Televisa, S.A.B. is a sociedad anónima bursátil, or limited liability stock corporation, which was organized under the laws of Mexico in accordance with the Ley General de Sociedades Mercantiles, or Mexican Companies Law. Grupo Televisa was incorporated under Public Deed Number 30,200, dated December 19, 1990, granted before Notary Public Number 73 of Mexico City, and registered with the Public Registry of Commerce in Mexico City on Commercial Page (folio mercantil) Number 142,164. Pursuant to the terms of our estatutos sociales, or bylaws, our corporate existence continues through 2106. Our principal executive offices are located in Mexico

 

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City at Avenida Vasco de Quiroga, No. 2000, Colonia Santa Fe, 01210 Ciudad de México, México. Our telephone number at that address is (52) (55) 5261-2000.

 

Capital Expenditures

 

The table below sets forth our expected capital expenditures for the year ended December 31, 2019 and our actual capital expenditures, investments in joint ventures and associates, and acquisitions for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016.

 

 

(1)               Amounts in respect of some of the capital expenditures, investments and acquisitions we made in 2018, 2017 and 2016 were paid for in Pesos. These Peso amounts were translated into U.S. Dollars at the Interbank Rate in effect on the dates on which a given capital expenditure, investment or acquisition was made. See “Key Information — Selected Financial Data”.

 

(2)               See “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — Results of Operations — Liquidity, Foreign Exchange and Capital Resources —Capital Expenditures, Acquisitions and Investments, Distributions and Other Sources of Liquidity.”

 

(3)               See “—Our Operations—Cable”, and “—Investments” for a discussion regarding GTAC, Cablecom, Telecable and TVI.

 

(4)               In November 2018, we paid for the renewal of our broadcasting concessions in the aggregate cash equivalent amount of U.S.$281.7 million.

 

In 2018, 2017 and 2016, we relied on a combination of operating revenues, borrowings and net proceeds from dispositions to fund our capital expenditures, acquisitions and investments. We expect to fund our capital expenditures in 2019 and potential capital expenditures, investments and/or acquisitions going forward, which could be substantial in size, through a combination of cash from operations, cash on hand, equity securities, and/or the incurrence of debt, or a combination thereof.

 

For a more detailed description of our capital expenditures, investments and acquisitions in prior years, see “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — Results of Operations — Liquidity, Foreign Exchange and Capital Resources — Liquidity” and “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — Results of Operations — Liquidity, Foreign Exchange and Capital Resources — Capital Expenditures, Acquisitions and Investments, Distributions and Other Sources of Liquidity”.

 

Business Overview

 

Televisa is a leading media company in the Spanish-speaking world, an important cable operator, an operator of a leading direct-to-home satellite pay television system and a broadband provider in Mexico.

 

Televisa distributes the content it produces through several broadcast channels in Mexico and in over 50 countries through 26 pay-tv-brands, television networks, cable operators and over-the-top or “OTT” services.

 

In the United States, Televisa’s audiovisual content is distributed through Univision Communications Inc. (“Univision”) the leading media company serving the Hispanic market. Univision broadcasts Televisa’s audiovisual content through multiple platforms in exchange for a royalty payment. In addition, Televisa has equity and warrants which upon their exercise would represent approximately 36% on a fully-diluted, as-converted basis of the equity capital in Univision Holdings, Inc., the controlling company of Univision.

 

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Televisa’s cable business offers integrated services, including video, high-speed data and voice services to residential and commercial customers as well as managed services to domestic and international carriers.

 

Televisa owns a majority interest in Sky, a leading direct-to-home satellite pay television system and broadband provider in Mexico, operating also in the Dominican Republic and Central America.

 

Televisa also has interests in magazine publishing and distribution, radio production and broadcasting, professional sports and live entertainment, feature-film production and distribution, and gaming.

 

Business Strategy

 

We intend to leverage our position as a leading media company in the Spanish-speaking world to continue expanding our business while maintaining profitability and financial discipline. We intend to do so by maintaining our leading position in the Mexican television market, by continuing to produce high quality programming and by improving our sales and marketing efforts while maintaining high operating margins and expanding our cable business.

 

We also intend to continue developing and expanding Sky, our DTH platform, and our cable business. We will continue to strengthen our position and will continue making additional investments, which could be substantial in size, in the cable industry in accordance with the consolidation of the cable market in Mexico.

 

We intend to continue to expand our business by developing new business initiatives and/or through business acquisitions and investments in Mexico, the United States and elsewhere. However, we continue to evaluate our portfolio of assets, in order to determine whether to dispose of select non-core operations.

 

Maintaining Our Leading Position in the Mexican Television Market

 

Continuing to Produce High Quality Programming. We aim to continue producing the type of high quality television programming that in the past has propelled many of our programs to be among the most watched in Mexico. We have launched a number of initiatives in creative development, program scheduling and on-air promotion. These initiatives include improved production of our highly rated dramas, new comedy and game show formats and the development of reality shows and new series. We have improved our scheduling to be better aligned with viewer habits by demographic segment while improving viewer retention through more dynamic on-air graphics and pacing. We have enhanced tune-in promotion both in terms of creative content and strategic placement. We also plan to continue expanding and leveraging our Spanish-language video library, rights to soccer games and other events, as well as cultural, musical and show business productions. In addition, our strategic alliance with Telemundo allows us to broadcast more than 1,150 hours per year of Telemundo’s original programming on Channel 9 and distribute Telemundo content in Mexico on an exclusive basis across multiple platforms including broadcast television, pay television and our emerging digital platforms.

 

Maintaining High Operating Segment Income Margins. Our Content operating segment income margins for 2016, 2017 and 2018 were 40.2%, 37.7% and 37.9%, respectively. We intend to continue maintaining high operating segment income margins in our Content businesses by increasing revenues and controlling costs and expenses.

 

Continue Building Our Cable and DTH Platforms

 

Cable. We are a shareholder of several Mexican cable companies. For example:

 

·                  we own a controlling stake in Cablevisión, which operates in Mexico City and its metropolitan area, where it offers cable television, high speed internet and IP telephony services;

 

·                  we own TVI, which offers cable television, data and voice services in the metropolitan area of Monterrey and other areas of northern Mexico, such as data and voice services in the metropolitan area of Mexico City;

 

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·                  we own Cablemás, which operates in approximately 105 cities in Mexico where it offers cable television, high speed internet and telephony services;

 

·                  we own Cablecom, which offers cable television, telephony, value added services and virtual networks to corporate customers around 15 states of Mexico;

 

·                  we own Telecable, a cable company that provides video, data and telephony services in Mexico, primarily in the states of Guanajuato, Jalisco, Aguascalientes, Queretaro, Tamaulipas, and Colima, among others; and

 

·                  since December 17, 2018, we own the residential fiber-to-the-home business, and related assets, acquired from Axtel in Mexico City, Zapopan, Monterrey, Aguascalientes, San Luis Potosi and Ciudad Juarez, through the acquisition of 100% of the equity interests of FTTH.

 

With a consolidated subscriber base of 4.4 million cable television, or video subscribers and 14.6 million homes passed as of December 31, 2018, these companies are important service providers in Mexico. “Homes passed” refers to any residential homes or businesses that are connected to telecommunications systems, or those prepared to be connected to telecommunications systems but are not currently connected or that require some type of investment in order for them to be connected. For instance, each apartment located in a building that is prepared to be connected to telecommunications systems represents one home passed. It is generally understood that a home or business counts as a home passed when it can be connected to a telecommunications network without additional extensions to the main transmission lines. Our cable strategy aims to increase our subscriber base, average monthly revenues per subscriber and penetration rate by:

 

·                  continuing to offer high quality programming;

 

·                  continuing to upgrade our existing cable network into a broadband or fiber-optic bidirectional network;

 

·                  aiming to provide digital services in order to stimulate new subscriptions, substantially reduce piracy and offer new value-added services;

 

·                  increasing the penetration of our high-speed internet access and other multimedia services as well as providing a platform to offer internet protocol, or IP, and telephony services;

 

·                  continuing the roll out of advanced digital set-top boxes which allow the transmission of high definition programming and recording capability, including OTT services; and

 

·                  continuing to leverage our strengths and capabilities to develop new business opportunities and expand through additional investments and/or acquisitions, which can be substantial in size.

 

Our cable companies have introduced a variety of new services over the past few years, such as interactive television and other enhanced program services, including high-speed internet access through cable modem and fiber-to-the-home, as well as IP telephony. In November 2014, we launched a unified commercial offer under the izzi TV, our principal brand for residential customers, offering a revolutionary double-play package with unlimited telephony services and high-speed data access. In addition, the double-play package can be upgraded to a triple-play package by adding one of three pay-TV bundles. Our cable companies also continue to commercialize telecommunication services through their original trademarks in some of their coverage zones. In June 2016, we launched “izzi TV”, a new entertainment platform, which among other services, provides customers live channels, SVOD (Subscription Video on Demand), as well as access to all content available through Blim and, starting in the first quarter of 2019, direct access to Netflix through the “izzi TV” platform and the “izzi go” mobile application, compatible with iOS and Android platforms. “Izzi go” is a TV Everywhere application that enables subscribers to access channels, movies and series on demand. Izzi go also features a remote control compatible with our set top boxes, and allows subscribers to rent additional content through the application, all for a fixed price. For an additional cost, subscribers can choose from different complements to the “izzi TV” service, such as TVOD (Transactional Video on Demand) titles, HBO and Fox Premium. In July 2018, our cable companies launched “afizzionados”, our first proprietary sports channel dedicated to soccer, broadcasting selected exclusive matches. In November 2018, we launched “izzi flex” (fixed internet) and “izzi pocket” (mobile internet), which offer speeds of 5 Mbps and up to 20 Mbps. In July 2018, we renewed our triple play product with packaging benefits of voice, broadband and video.

 

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As of December 31, 2018, we have launched “izzi” in 119 cities, generating significant increases in gross ads. As of December 31, 2018, our cable companies had 4.5 million broadband subscribers. The growth in our subscriber base has been driven primarily by the upgrade of our networks and the launch of competitive broadband offerings. As of December 31, 2018, our cable companies had 3.0 million IP telephone lines in service, or voice subscribers.

 

DTH. We believe that Ku-band DTH satellite services offer an enhanced opportunity for expansion of pay television services into households seeking to upgrade reception of broadcasting signals and in areas not currently serviced by operators of cable or multi-channel, multi-point distribution services. We own a 58.7% interest in Innova, or Sky, our venture with DIRECTV. Innova is a DTH company with services in Mexico, Central America and the Dominican Republic with more than 7.6 million video subscribers, of which 2.7% were commercial subscribers as of December 31, 2018.

 

The key components of our DTH strategy include:

 

·                  offering high quality programming, including rights to our four over-the-air broadcast channels, exclusive broadcasts of sporting events, such as the largest coverage of the Mexican Soccer League, the Spanish Soccer League, La Liga and La Copa del Rey, the English Premier League and the FA Cup, the NFL Sunday Ticket, MLB Extra Innings, the NHL, bullfighting, World Equestrian Games, marathons, Diamond League, the largest coverage of the Mexican Baseball League (LMB), ATP tournaments, UEFA Nations League and FIFA tournaments;

 

·                  capitalizing on our relationship with DIRECTV and local operators in terms of technology, distribution networks, infrastructure and cross-promotional opportunities;

 

·                  capitalizing on the low penetration of pay-TV services in Mexico;

 

·                  providing superior digital Ku-band DTH satellite services and emphasizing customer service quality; and

 

·                  providing aggressive HD offerings and continuously expanding our programming in HD;

 

·                  providing single play broadband services as well as video-broadband bundles to complement our product offering.

 

Continue Expanding the Portfolio of Channel Offerings in Mexico and Abroad

 

Network Subscription. Through our 26 pay-TV brands and 74 national and international feeds, we reached more than 46 million subscribers throughout Latin America, the Caribbean, the United States, Canada, Europe, Africa and Australia in 2018. Our pay-TV channels include, among others, three music channels, five movie channels, eight variety and entertainment channels, three sports channels and one news channel. All of our sports channels offer 24 hour a day programming 365 days a year. Popular channels include, among others, De Película, Distrito Comedia, TLNovelas and Golden.

 

Transforming Our Publishing Business

 

Despite the continuing challenges facing the industry, we believe we continue to be among the leaders of the publishing business and maintained a total approximate circulation of 50.6 million magazines during 2018. We believe our subsidiary, Editorial Televisa, S.A. de C.V., or Editorial Televisa, is the most important Spanish-speaking publishing company in the world in number of magazines distributed. Editorial Televisa publishes 98 titles, with 32 wholly-owned trademarks and 32 licensed trademarks from world renowned publishing houses, including Spanish language editions of some of the most prestigious brands in the world. Editorial Televisa distributes its titles to 12 countries, including Mexico, the United States and countries throughout Latin America.

 

Increasing Our International Programming Sales Worldwide and Strengthening Our Position in the Growing U.S.-Hispanic Market

 

We license our programs to television broadcasters and pay-TV providers in the United States, Latin America, Asia, Europe and Africa. Excluding the United States, in 2018, we licensed 83,563 hours of programming in 75 countries throughout the world. We intend to continue exploring ways of expanding our international programming sales.

 

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According to the “Annual Estimates of the Resident Population by Sex, Age, Race, and Hispanic Origin for the United States: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2017” issued by the U.S. Census Bureau Population Division, the U.S.-Hispanic population is estimated to be 58.95 million, or approximately 18.1% of the U.S. population, and is currently one of the fastest growing segments in the U.S. population, with the growth among Hispanics responsible for over half of the U.S. population gains between 2000 and 2010. The U.S. Census Bureau projects that the Hispanic population will be approximately 21.1% of the U.S. population by the year 2030.

 

We intend to leverage our unique and exclusive content, media assets and long-term associations with others to benefit from the growing demand for entertainment among the U.S.-Hispanic population.

 

We supply television programming for the U.S.-Hispanic market through Univision, the leading media company serving Hispanic America. In exchange for this programming, during 2016, 2017 and 2018, Univision paid us U.S.$324.6 million, U.S.$313.9 million and U.S.$383.6 million respectively, in royalties. For a description of our arrangements with Univision, see “— Univision”.

 

Developing New Businesses and Expanding through Acquisitions

 

We plan to continue leveraging our strengths and capabilities to develop new business opportunities and expand through acquisitions in Mexico, the United States and elsewhere. We are constantly seeking investment opportunities that complement our cable strategy. We may identify and evaluate opportunities for strategic acquisitions of complementary businesses, technologies or companies. We may also consider joint ventures, minority investments and other collaborative projects and investments. Any such acquisition or investment could be funded using cash on hand, our equity securities and/or the incurrence of debt, or a combination thereof.

 

Some of our recent acquisitions and investments include:

 

·                  our acquisition of the remaining 50% of equity interest of TVI in March 2016, a cable company that provides cable television, internet access, telephony services and bidirectional data transmission in the metropolitan area of Monterrey and other areas of northern Mexico; and

 

·                  our acquisition on December 17, 2018 of the residential fiber-to-the-home business and related assets from Axtel in Mexico City, Zapopan, Monterrey, Aguascalientes, San Luis Potosi and Ciudad Juarez, through the acquisition of 100% of the equity interests of FTTH.

 

For a further discussion of some of our recent investments, see “— Investments”.

 

We have grown our gaming business, which consists of casinos and an online gaming site. As of December 31, 2018, we had 17 casinos in operation, under the brand name “PlayCity”. In accordance with our permit, we may continue to open casinos. In 2017, we launched our online sports betting site. The casinos and the online sports betting site are operated under the Gaming Permit obtained from the Mexican Ministry of the Interior, to establish, among other things, up to 45 casinos and number draws throughout Mexico.

 

Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company continues to evaluate its portfolio of assets in order to determine if it should dispose select non-core operations.

 

Expanding Our Business in the Mexican Telecommunications Markets by Taking Advantage of the Telecom Reform and Implementing Legislation

 

Pursuant to the Telecom Reform (see “— Regulation — Telecom Reform and Broadcasting Regulations”), a “preponderant economic agent” (agente económico preponderante) in the telecommunications market means an economic agent that has, directly or indirectly, more than 50% of the national market share in telecommunications services, calculated based on the number of users, subscribers, network traffic or used capacity according to the data available to IFT. We are aware from the public records that, on March 7, 2014, IFT notified América Móvil, S.A.B. de C.V., or América Móvil, of a resolution which determined that América Móvil and its operating subsidiaries Radiomóvil Dipsa, S.A de C.V., or Telcel, and Teléfonos de México, S.A.B. de C.V., or Telmex, Telefonos del Noreste, S.A. de C.V. or Telnor, as well as Grupo Carso, S.A.B. de C.V. and Grupo Financiero Inbursa, S.A.B. de

 

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C.V., are a preponderant economic agent in the telecommunications market, and imposed on them certain specific asymmetrical regulations which América Móvil reported publicly in the following areas:

 

·                  Interconnection: Regulation on interconnection, including the imposition of (a) asymmetric rates to be determined by IFT and (b) the implementation of an interconnection framework agreement (convenio marco de interconexión);

 

·                  Sharing of Infrastructure: Regulation on the access and use of passive infrastructure, including towers, sites, and ducts, at rates to be negotiated amongst the operators and, where agreement cannot be reached, to be determined by IFT using a methodology of long average incremental costs;

 

·                  Local Loop Unbundling: Regulation on local loop unbundling, including the imposition of rates to be determined by IFT using a methodology of long average incremental costs;

 

·      Resale: Resale of wholesale voice, broadband and dual-play packages that replicate packages provided by the preponderant economic agent, at retail level, at rates to be negotiated among the operators and, where an agreement cannot be reached, to be determined by IFT using a methodology of retails minus;

 

·      Indirect Access to the Local Loop: Regulation on the wholesale bitstream access to the preponderant economic agent’s access network at rates to be negotiated among the operators and, where an agreement cannot be reached, to be determined by IFT using a methodology of retail minus;

 

·                  Wholesale Leased Lines: Regulation on wholesale leased lines for interconnection, local and domestic and international long distance, at rates to be negotiated among the operators and, where agreement cannot be reached, to be determined by IFT using a methodology of retail minus, except for leased lines for interconnection services where the methodology to be used for determining the applicable rates will be of long average incremental costs;

 

·                  Roaming: Regulation on the provision of wholesale roaming services, at rates to be negotiated amongst the operators and, where agreement cannot be reached, to be determined by IFT using a methodology of long average incremental costs;

 

·                  Elimination of National Roaming Charges: IFT has imposed the elimination of national roaming charges to the preponderant economic agent’s subscribers;

 

·                  Mobile Virtual Network Operators: Regulation on wholesale access to mobile virtual operators to services provided by the preponderant economic agent to its subscribers, at rates to be negotiated among the operators and, where agreement cannot be reached, to be determined by IFT using a methodology of retail minus (for the reseller business model);

 

·                  Certain Obligations on the Provision of Services: Certain rates for the provision of telecommunications services to the subscribers of the preponderant economic agent shall be subject to rate control and/or authorization by IFT, by using a series of methodologies related to maximum prices and replicability. Also, a series of obligations relating to the sale of services and products, including the obligation to offer individually all services that are offered under a bundle scheme; limited exclusivity on handsets and tablets; and the obligation of eliminating the sim-lock on handsets;

 

·                  Content: IFT has issued the Relevant Content Ruling applicable for Preponderant Economic Agents, which contains a prohibition to acquire transmission rights for any territory within Mexico on an exclusive basis, relating to relevant content (contenidos audiovisuales relevantes), including without limitation national soccer play-offs (liguilla), FIFA world cup soccer finals and, any other event where high-audiences are expected at a national or regional level. The IFT may update the relevant content list every two years; and

 

·                  Information and Quality of Service Obligations: Several obligations related to information and quality of service, including the publication of a series of reference terms (ofertas públicas de referencia) of the wholesale and interconnection services subject of the asymmetric regulation imposed by IFT and accounting separation.

 

On March 8, 2017, IFT issued a resolution to the preponderant economic agent in the telecommunications market that modifies the asymmetrical regulations described above. The most relevant modifications are the following:

 

·                  Wholesale Leased Lines: the methodology to be used by IFT in case an agreement cannot be reached in wholesale leased lines for interconnection, local and domestic and international long distance, is limited to long average incremental costs;

 

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·                  Functional separation: the preponderant economic agent in the telecommunications market will have to functionally separate the provision of wholesale services through the creation of a new legal entity and a wholesale division; which entity will solely and exclusively provide wholesale services related to access network elements, dedicated links and passive infrastructure, among other wholesale services;

 

The wholesale division within the existing companies will provide the other wholesale services subject to the aforementioned measures that are not provided by the newly created legal entity;

 

·                  Equivalence of Supplies and Inputs, Technical and Economic Replicability: The preponderant economic agent in the telecommunications market must guarantee the equivalence of inputs, the technical replicability of the services that it commercializes to its end users, and equal access to technical and commercial information;

 

·      Fiber disaggregation Regulation on unbundling of P2P (point-to-point), fiber was added to the local loop unbundling regulation. Unbundling of passive optical networks (PON), is not considered under this service and remains accessible through the Indirect Access to the Local Loop service; and

 

·      The preponderant economic agent in the telecommunications market must also guarantee the economic replicability of the services that it commercializes to its end users for which it will validate the economic replicability of the services “ex-post” based on the methodology, terms and conditions that the IFT determines.

 

According to public records, América Móvil and its operating subsidiaries, Telcel, Inbursa, Telmex and Telnor, filed amparo proceedings against IFT’s original resolution. The courts issued a ruling confirming the constitutionality of IFT’s resolution, with the exception of Telcel’s proceeding that is pending before the Supreme Court.

 

In March 2018, América Móvil received a resolution from IFT determining the terms under which Telmex and Telnor shall, legally and functionally, separate the provision of wholesale regulated fixed services by incorporating new legal entities with their own corporate governance, independent from those of América Móvil’s subsidiaries holding a concession, and by creating a wholesale business unit within Telmex and Telnor. Telmex and Telnor will have two years to implement the separation ordered by the IFT. The resolution establishes a calendar for implementation and obligations to deliver periodic information to the IFT.

 

The measures imposed on the preponderant economic agent, if properly implemented, will represent an opportunity for us to increase our coverage and product diversity, while reducing our costs and capital expenditures requirements as a result of the access to the network of the preponderant economic agent and the regulation of the terms and conditions, on competitive terms, of such access. Moreover, asymmetric regulations may create a beneficial economic and regulatory environment in the telephony and broadband markets and may further enhance our ability to compete in the telecommunications industry.

 

All of these measures, if properly implemented, could create a beneficial economic and regulatory environment, level the playing field for all participants in the telecommunications market and foster competition, representing an opportunity for the growth of our Sky and cable businesses; nevertheless, in the Company’s view, the preponderant economic agent is not complying with its obligations under such measures and the Company has filed several complaints before IFT.

 

In August 2017, the Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation (SCJN) determined that the interconnection rate regime relating to mobile termination by the Preponderant Economic Agent in Telecommunications Network, which contained a limitation on the Preponderant Economic Agent’s ability to charge for traffic termination in its mobile network, was unconstitutional. As a result, the SCJN ordered that the IFT issue a tariff. In November 2017, IFT resolved that the tariff for traffic termination in the mobile network of the Preponderant Economic Agent will be Ps.0.028562 per minute of interconnection from January 1 to December 31, 2018.

 

In April 2018, the SCJN determined that the interconnection rate regime relating to fixed termination by the Preponderant Economic Agent in Telecommunications Network, which contained a limitation on the Preponderant Economic Agent’s ability to charge for traffic termination in its fixed network, was unconstitutional. As a result, the SCJN ordered the IFT to issue a tariff for traffic termination in the fixed network of the Preponderant Economic Agent applicable from January 1 to December 31, 2019. In November 2018, the IFT determined that the tariff for traffic termination in the fixed network of the Preponderant Economic Agent will be Ps.0.003151 per minute of interconnection from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019.

 

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Additionally, the Telecom Reform (1) permits 100% foreign ownership in satellite and telecommunications services and increases to up to 49% the level of permitted foreign ownership in television and radio services, subject to reciprocity of the originating foreign investment country, and (2) provides that the Mexican government will build a national network to facilitate effective access for the Mexican population to broadband and other telecommunications services. These amendments may provide opportunities for us to enter into joint ventures with foreign investors with proven international experience in these markets and also to work with the Mexican government in the development of this new network.

 

Commitment to Sustainability

 

At Televisa, we are committed to taking the lead on sustainability through tangible and measurable sustainability programs that improve the environment and our corporate governance. At the same time, we have been focused on strengthening communities while working to inspire and develop human potential through innovative education and cultural initiatives.

 

This commitment to sustainability begins with our philanthropic arm, Fundación Televisa, which has developed a range of social programs designed to benefit society. At the same time, we have made sustainable development a key part of our offerings and commercial strategy as a way to create value and better meet the expectations of our shareholders.

 

We have concentrated on ways to limit greenhouse gas emissions, strengthen alliances with renewable energy generators and meet or exceed compliance with the General Law on Climate Change, with a special focus on making sustainability gains through our in-house Environmental Management Systems (EMS).

 

Another one of our strengths is the depth of experience possessed by our sustainability team members. Through their leadership, we leverage our corporate structure to embed sustainability throughout our lines of businesses.

 

Our achievements in sustainability are the result of a regular review and enhancement of internal policies, procedures and management systems to improve corporate performance. Key performance indicators are continually refined and monitored in environmental, social and corporate governance spheres and the impact of the programs is constantly evaluated in a culture of continuous improvement.

 

But perhaps most importantly, we understand the crucial need to gain the support of key constituencies for our sustainability efforts by offering key stakeholders regular reports on the progress of our environmental, social and corporate governance programs. As part of that communications effort, we put special effort into producing a comprehensive and compelling annual sustainability report.

 

To date, our sustainability efforts have been recognized locally in Mexico and around the world:

 

·                  In February 2016, we joined the United Nations (UN) Global Compact, the world’s largest corporate sustainability initiative, and incorporated the Ten Principles of the UN as part of our strategy, culture and daily actions.

 

·                  Since 2016, we have been selected as a constituent of the FTSE4Good Emerging Index.

 

·                  In 2017, our social responsibility programs were recognized with the “Empresa Socialmente Responsable” award (Socially Responsible Company), granted by Centro Mexicano de la Filantropía (Mexican Center

 

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for Philanthropy), and Alianza por la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial (Alliance for Corporate Social Responsibility). We received this award for our continuous involvement with the community, quality of labor life, care and preservation of the environment and business ethics.

 

·                  Moreover, since February 1, 2013, we have been named one of the six members of the Sustainability Index of the Mexican Stock Exchange; and in March 2018, we were confirmed as a sustainable issuer for the period effective from March 20, 2018 to March 15, 2019. The Sustainability Index currently includes 30 issuers, which have been selected based on their commitment to corporate governance, social responsibility and environmental management.

 

·                  In September 2018, we were selected as a member of the Dow Jones Sustainability MILA Pacific Alliance Index, comprised of sustainability leaders from Chile, Peru, Mexico and Colombia. Also, we were selected as one of the three Mexican companies to be included in the Dow Jones Sustainability Emerging Markets Index, which is comprised of sustainability leaders from Western Europe, India, China, South Africa, Central America, South America and other countries. The Dow Jones Sustainability Indices recognize public companies for their outstanding performance across economic, environmental and social sectors, and are used as a reference by investors who consider sustainability when making investment decisions.

 

·                  In January 2019, we were selected as one of the four Mexican companies to be included in the 2019 Bloomberg Gender-Equality Index (GEI), which distinguishes companies committed to transparency in gender reporting and advancing gender equality. The GEI is a reference Index which includes 230 firms from 10 sectors located across 36 countries and regions. Our GEI inclusion is a solid indicator to our employees, investors and industry peers that our leadership truly understands establishing an inclusive workplace.

 

Our notable achievements in advancing the cause of sustainability are the result of the consistent review and continual enhancement of our programs, our emphasis on corporate social responsibility as a critical business focus and the establishment of key performance indicators in the environment, social and corporate governance matters. To sum up, we view our deep and abiding commitment to sustainability as more than just an effort to do good, but as a central part of our business that will contribute to our growth and success. Never satisfied, we remain firmly committed to continually improving and aligning our operations with international standards and best practices for the long-term.

 

Commitment to Social Responsibility

 

At Fundación Televisa (or “Fundación”) we aim to enhance the potential of people in Mexico and the United States while inspiring others to join forces. Our innovative programs in education, culture, entrepreneurship, and environmental protection provide an empowering platform for hundreds of thousands of people to improve their lives, transform their communities and build better and more sustainable societies. Our approach combines an effective leverage of Televisa communication channels with state of the art digital tools, financial support and on-the-ground multidisciplinary teams.

 

In 2018 we impacted the life of 1,054,632 children, youth and adults in both Mexico and the United States, investing with our allies together more than Ps.346 million.

 

We managed to have more than 127 million of media impacts. We have reached more than 81 million people with our messages, benefiting more than 64 institutions and organizations through communication campaigns with television spaces.

 

Our causes generated more than 1.5 million followers on social networks and more than 4 million people to our platforms.

 

Fundación programs work along different life stages. Empieza Temprano focuses on early childhood development by providing parents and families information and practical tips. To enhance the skills of K-12 students, Fundación has civic values program called Valores. Aprende con el Chavo is a free platform for online learning and Cuantrix teaches computer science and coding. Technolochicas empowers young women through STEAM (Science,

 

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Technology, Engineering, Art and Mathematics) and Bécalos works to increase high-school and college completion while improving the student’s employability. POSiBLE helps to expand high impact innovation-driven entrepreneurship through training, networking, resources, visibility and acceleration for high potential startups. In addition, Fundación´s culture and environmental programs cut across ages serving the general public in specific locations and more broadly through the digital and media space.

 

Our numbers:

 

·                  Over 3.5 million users of Aprende con el Chavo, the free online learning application for language and STEAM.

 

·                  More than 30,000 students from public schools in six states across Mexico learned basic coding skills through more than 1,000 teachers and instructors trained by Cuantrix.

 

·                  More than 1,300 middle-school girls (primarily Latinas) attended 34 Technolochicas STEAM activities in 17 cities across the United States.

 

·                  37,424 recipients of Bécalos scholarships including 1,614 for students developing employability competencies, 217 for participants of an international exchange program with community colleges in the United States and 90 for students attending a program for talented youth.

 

·                  With these numbers, Bécalos reached a historic sum of 285,917 beneficiaries and 1,202 attendees in its international mobility efforts.

 

·                  To preserve the environment, we protected 11,239 hectares as fishing recovery zones in the Sea of Cortez to reach communities in a total of 1,217,154 hectares. This effort benefitted 2,500 fisherman.

 

·                  119,347 entrepreneurs enrolled in POSiBLE in Mexico with a record percentage of 55% women. Moreover, 1,100 Latino entrepreneurs registered in a POSiBLE pilot program for the United States in Los Angeles, California.

 

·                  We participated in seven photography fairs in Mexico and other countries with the assistance of more than 150,000 people.

 

·                  We participate with far reaching communication campaigns including Valores promoting civic values.

 

We have made significant and effective contributions to disaster relief following the earthquakes in September 2017. In 2018, Fundación created a program called ReconstruYAmos México (Rebuilding Mexico) to support the rebuilding projects described below in the Mexican States that suffered most damage. Through our strategic alliances such as “1X1” with the Alfredo Harp Helú Foundation, Fomento Social Banamex and the Coca Cola Foundation, Fundación invited the people of Mexico to donate and committed to match each peso they gave. Through the alliances with the BBVA Bancomer Foundation and the Gentera Foundation, Fundación managed to benefit more than 189,000 people in Oaxaca, Chiapas, Morelos, Puebla, Estado de México, Guerrero and Mexico City, with more than U.S.$13.8 million invested in rebuild 1,669 houses, 11 schools, three local markets, 782 ovens and kitchens, 11 craft workshops, one mobile hospital and one asylum.

 

By responsibly leveraging media, talent, partnerships and financial assets, the efforts led by Fundación reflect the commitment of Televisa to make a strategic contribution to building a more empowered, prosperous and democratic society where all people have a platform to succeed.

 

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Our Operations

 

As of December 31, 2018, we classify our operations into four business segments: Content, Cable, Sky, and Other Businesses.

 

Content

 

Television Industry in Mexico

 

General. There are 17 television stations operating in Mexico City and approximately 568 other television stations elsewhere in Mexico. Most of the stations outside of Mexico City rebroadcast programming originating from the Mexico City stations. We own and operate four of the 17 television stations in Mexico City, Channels 2, 4, 5 and 9. Some of these stations are affiliated with 216 repeater stations and 30 local stations outside of Mexico City. See “— Television Networks”. Our major competitor, TV Azteca, owns and operates Channels 7 and 1 (formerly 13) in Mexico City, which we believe are affiliated with 177 stations outside of Mexico City. Likewise, TV Azteca owns the concession for Channel 40, or ADN 40, an ultra-high radioelectric frequency, or UHF, channel that broadcasts throughout the Mexico City metropolitan area, Grupo Imagen owns the concession for Channel 27 or Excelsior and Channel 29 or Cadena 3 or Imagen Television, and Multimedios owns a concession for virtual channel 6.1. in Mexico City. The Mexican government currently operates 7 stations in Mexico City, Channel 11 (IPN), which has 12 repeater stations, Channel 21, Channel 22, Channel 20 (TVUNAM), Channel 34, Channel 45 (Congress), Channel 30, an anchor station of Sistema Público de Radiodifusión del Estado Mexicano, which, we believe, has 25 repeater stations outside Mexico City, 24 stations (State Governments), and 7 other university stations. There are 43 local television stations affiliated with Imagen Television, outside of Mexico City. There are also 22 independent stations which are unaffiliated with any other stations and 12 stations of Multimedios outside of Mexico City. See “— Television Networks”.

 

We estimate that approximately 30.9 million Mexican households have television sets, representing approximately 93% of all households in Mexico as of December 31, 2018. We believe that approximately 97.6% of all households in Mexico City and the surrounding area have television sets.

 

Programming

 

Programming We Produce. We produce a significant part of the Spanish-language television programming in the world. In 2016, 2017 and 2018, we produced approximately 90,500 hours, 87,900 hours and 83,712 respectively, of programming for broadcast on our network stations; including programming produced by our local stations, which represented 56.4%, 58.2% and 64.1% of our total hours produced in the same years, respectively. Programming and videos for broadcast on our pay-TV channels, through our cable operations and DTH satellite ventures, represented 30.3%, 29.1% and 22.1% of our total hours produced in 2016, 2017 and 2018, respectively.

 

We produce a variety of programs, including dramas, newscasts, situation comedies, game shows, reality shows, children’s programs, comedy and variety programs, musical and cultural events, movies and educational programming. Our dramas are broadcast either dubbed or subtitled in a variety of languages throughout the world.

 

Our programming also includes broadcasts of special events and sports events in Mexico promoted by us and others. Among the sports events that we broadcast are soccer games and professional wrestling matches. See “— Other Businesses — Sports and Show Business Promotions”. In 2016, we broadcast Copa América Centenario USA 2016, UEFA Euro France 2016, FIFA Women’s World Cup Under 17 Jordan 2016, FIFA Futsal World Cup Colombia 2016, FIFA Women’s World Cup Under 20 Papua New Guinea 2016 and FIFA Club World Cup Japan 2016. In 2017, we broadcast FIFA Confederations Cup Russia 2017, Beach Soccer World Cup Bahamas 2017, CONCACAF Gold Cup 2017, FIFA World Cup Under 17 India 2017 and FIFA U-20 World Cup Korea Republic 2017. In 2018, we broadcast the FIFA World Cup Russia 2018, the FIFA Women’s World Cup Under 20 France 2018 and the FIFA Women’s World Cup Under 17 Uruguay 2018. We have secured the rights to broadcast the FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022 and the Canada, Mexico and USA 2026 World Cup and 2030 FIFA World Cup for Mexico and other territories in Latin America.

 

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Our programming is produced primarily at our 30 studios in Mexico City. We also operate 22 fully equipped remote control units (OB Vans). Some of our local television stations also produce their own programming. These local stations operate 47 studios and 34 fully equipped remote control units. See “ — Programming— Local Affiliates”.

 

Foreign-Produced Programming. We license and broadcast television programs produced by third parties outside Mexico. Most of this foreign programming is from the United States and includes television series, movies and sports events, including coverage of Major League Baseball games and National Football League games. Foreign-produced programming represented approximately 36.8%, 35.6% and 28.7% of the programming broadcast on our four television networks in 2016, 2017 and 2018, respectively. A substantial majority of the foreign-produced programming aired on our networks was dubbed into Spanish and was aired on Channel 5, with the remaining aired on Channel 9.

 

Talent Promotion. We operate Centro de Educación Artística, a school in Mexico City, to develop and train actors. We provide instruction free of charge, and a substantial number of the actors appearing on our programs have attended the school. We also promote writers and directors through a writers’ school as well as various contests and scholarships.

 

Television Networks. We operate three television networks that can be viewed throughout parts of Mexico depending on the schedules and programming on our affiliated television stations through Channels 2, 5 and 9 in Mexico City. The following table indicates the total number of operating television stations in Mexico affiliated with each of our three networks, as well as the total number of local affiliates, as of December 31, 2018.

 

 

Channel 2 Network. Channel 2, which is known as “Las Estrellas”, or “The Stars”, together with its affiliated stations, is the leading television network in Mexico and the leading Spanish-language television network in the world, as measured by the size of the audience capable of receiving its signal. Channel 2’s programming is broadcast 24 hours a day, seven days a week, on 128 television stations located throughout parts of Mexico. The affiliate stations generally retransmit the programming and advertising transmitted to them by Channel 2 without interruption. Such stations are referred to as “repeater” stations. We estimate that the Channel 2 Network reaches approximately 30.2 million households, representing 98% of the households with television sets in Mexico. The Channel 2 Network accounted for a majority of our national television advertising sales in each of 2016, 2017 and 2018.

 

The Channel 2 Network targets the average Spanish-speaking family as its audience. Its programs include dramas, news, entertainment, comedy and variety programs, movies, game shows, reality shows and sports. The dramas make up the bulk of the prime time lineup and consist of romantic dramas that unfold over the course of 70 to 120 half-hour episodes. Substantially all of Channel 2’s programming is aired on a first-run basis and much of it is produced by us.

 

Channel 5 Network. In addition to its anchor station, Channel 5 is affiliated with 65 repeater stations located throughout parts of Mexico. We estimate that the Channel 5 Network reaches approximately 28.0 million households, representing approximately 90.6% of households with television sets in Mexico. We believe that Channel 5 offers the best option to reach the 18-34 year old demographic, and we have extended its reach into this key group by offering new content. Channel 5 offers a combination of reality shows, national and international

 

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soccer, sitcoms, dramas, movies, cartoons and other children’s programming. The majority of Channel 5’s programs are produced outside of Mexico, primarily in the United States. Most of these programs are produced in English.”

 

Channel 9 Network. In addition to its anchor station, Channel 9 is affiliated with 24 repeater stations, approximately 40% of which are located in central Mexico. We estimate that Channel 9 reaches approximately 19.9 million households, representing approximately 64.5% of households with television sets in Mexico.

 

The Channel 9 Network targets viewers 30 years and older. Its programs include movies, sports, sitcoms, game shows, dramas produced by third parties, news, an entertainment newscast and re-runs of popular programs from Channel 2.

 

Channel 4. Channel 4 broadcasts in the Mexico City metropolitan area and to some other areas of the country through a network of repeater stations, and according to our estimates, reached over 21.6 million households in Mexico in 2018. As described above, as part of our plan to attract medium-sized and local Mexico City advertisers and some of the areas covered by the repeater stations, we focused the reach of this network throughout Mexico and revised the format of Channel 4 to create ForoTV in an effort to target viewers in those areas. We currently sell local advertising time on ForoTV to medium-sized and local advertisers at rates comparable to those charged for advertising on local, non-television media, such as radio, newspapers and billboards. However, by purchasing local advertising time on ForoTV, medium-sized and local advertisers are able to reach a wider audience than they would reach through local, non-television media.

 

ForoTV targets young adults between 30 and 40 years old, and adults more than 55 years old. Its programs consist primarily of journalist content, news, and round table programs in which the participants analyze the national and international news.

 

Local Affiliates. There are currently 30 local television stations affiliated with our networks, of which 17 stations are wholly owned, one station is minority owned and 12 stations are independent affiliated stations. These stations receive part of their programming from Channels 4 and 9. See “— Channel 4”. The remaining programs aired consist primarily of programs licensed from our program library and locally produced programs. The locally produced programs include news, game shows, musicals and other cultural programs and programs offering professional advice. In 2016, 2017 and 2018, the local television stations owned by us produced 51,000 hours, 51,100 hours and 53,600 hours, respectively, of programming. Each of the local affiliates maintains its own sales department and sells advertising time during broadcasts of programs that it produces and/or licenses. Generally, we pay the affiliate stations that we do not wholly own a fixed percentage of advertising sales for network affiliation.

 

Network Subscription. We produce or license a suite of Spanish and English-language television channels for pay-TV systems in Mexico, Latin America, the Caribbean, Europe, the United States, Canada, Africa and Australia. These channels include programming such as general entertainment, dramas, movies, news and music-related shows, interviews and videos. Some of the programming included in these channels is produced by us while other programming is acquired or commissioned from third parties. We commercialize 26 pay-TV brands through over 74 domestic and international feeds, which reach over 46 million subscribers worldwide, averaging six networks per subscriber.

 

In 2016, 2017 and 2018, we produced approximately 27,400 hours, 25,500 hours and 18,500 hours, respectively, of programming and videos, for broadcast on our pay-TV channels. The names and brands of our standard definition channels include: Telehit, Telehit Urbano (formerly RMS), Bandamax, De Película, TLN (Portugues), Unicable, Golden, Edge, Golden Latinoamérica, TLNovelas, Tiin, Estrellas Latinoamérica, Estrellas Delay-2hrs, Estrellas Delay-1hr, Distrito Comedia, Adrenalina Sports Network (formerly Fighting Sports Network, FSN), TDN, TD Centro and UTDN. The brands of our high definition channels include: Golden HD, Telehit HD, TDN HD, De Película HD, Unicable HD, Golden Premier HD, Foro TV HD.

 

Licensing and Syndication. We license our programs and our rights to programs produced by other television broadcasters and pay-TV providers in the United States, Canada, Latin America, Asia, Europe and Africa. We collect licensing fees based on the size of the market for which the license is granted or on a percentage of the advertising sales generated from the programming. In addition to the programming licensed to Univision, we licensed 93,473 hours, 85,098 hours and 83,563 hours of programming in 2016, 2017 and 2018, respectively. See “— Univision” and “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — Results of Operations — Total Segment

 

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Results — Content”. As of December 31, 2018, we had 272,161 half-hours of television programming in our library available for licensing.

 

Expansion of Programming Reach. Our programs can be seen in the United States, Canada, Latin America, Asia, Europe, Africa and Australia. We intend to continue to expand our sales of Spanish-language programming internationally through pay-TV services.

 

Televisa Digital. Televisa Digital is Mexico’s leading creator of premium video content. The digital division consists of a collection of world-class online properties that deliver compelling content to diverse audiences across a network of websites, applications, OTT services, and third-party platforms. With our flagship site, Televisa.com, and the digital extensions of household brands such as Las Estrellas, Televisa News, Televisa Sports, Canal 5 and Televisa Networks, Televisa Digital is the hub for Mexico’s most popular TV shows, live coverage, and premium original content. With unparalleled insights into audience behaviors and preferences across platforms, Televisa Digital is uniquely positioned to offer brand advertisers a premium advertising experience with content they trust.

 

In addition to its suite of owned and operated properties, Televisa has a massive following on social media with over 200 social accounts, combined followers of more than 150 million, and double-digit growth in video views. Televisa has cultivated strong alliances with Facebook, Google, and most recently Amazon with the development of premium content series and innovative product partnerships that reach new and niche audiences. With the ability to tailor ads based on a user’s demographics, interests and/or viewing behavior, Televisa offers a brand-safe environment where advertisers can reach their target audience at scale.

 

We have license agreements to distribute Telemundo’s original content on digital platforms in Mexico. As part of the agreements, Telemundo provides us with original content, including its highly popular dramas currently broadcast on our Channel 9 and on all of our digital platforms. The agreements complement and are part of the strategic alliance to distribute Telemundo’s original content in Mexico across multiple platforms, including broadcast television, pay-TV and emerging digital platforms.

 

Televisa Digital has emerged as a top player in the advertising industry by offering its clients a curated slate of products ranging from traditional digital inventory to advanced programmatic solutions, targeted audience buying, TV extension video strategies, social media amplification and custom branded content development.

 

OTT Platform. In January 2014, we launched an over-the-top (“OTT”) platform under the brand “VEO”, which in February 2016 was relaunched as “Blim”. Blim is fully operated by Televisa, S.A. de C.V. and it provides a Subscription Video-On-Demand (“SVOD”) service in Mexico with an extensive catalogue of domestic and foreign entertainment (original productions, movies, series, documentaries, programs, dramas and children’s content) and has been positioned as an important Spanish language premium content provider. Blim is accessible through a growing number of internet connected electronic devices. Blim service can be purchased on a monthly basis through recurring payment with credit card, prepaid gift cards, packaged subscriptions through carrier and MSO billing and direct billing with other third parties’ app stores. Blim is currently the third largest SVOD service provider in Mexico.

 

Advertising Sales Plan. Our sales force is organized into separate teams, each of which focuses on groups of clients, in order to provide multi-platform offers that include free-to-air television, pay television, local stations and digital services. In 2018, we began billing our clients on a cost-per-rating-point basis rather than on a fixed pricing scheme. Most of our sales were made through “Modular 2.0” or “packages” that have a pre-determined allocation through national channels and dayparts through which we optimize the use of our inventory while committing to deliver certain amounts of gross rating points. The majority of our sales were made through these mechanisms. We sell commercial time in two ways: upfront and scatter basis. Advertisers that elect the upfront option lock in prices on a cost-per-rating-point basis for most of our commercial inventory for the upcoming year, regardless of future price changes. Advertisers that choose the upfront option make annual prepayments, with cash or short-term notes, and are charged lower rates than those charged on a scatter basis for their commercial time, given the highest priority in schedule placement, and given a first option in advertising during special programs. Scatter advertisers, or advertisers who choose not to make upfront payments but rather advertise from time to time, risk both higher prices and limited access to choose commercial time slots. Under our cost-per-rating-point approach, all advertisers are billed based on actual gross rating points delivered. For 2018, we have successfully migrated most of our sales to a pricing

 

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mechanism based on ratings. For a description of our advertising sales plan, see “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — Results of Operations — Total Segment Results — Content — Advertising Rates and Sales”.

 

We currently sell a significant portion of our available television advertising time. We use the remaining portion of our television advertising time primarily to satisfy our legal obligation to the Mexican government to provide up to 18 minutes per day of our broadcast time between 6:00 a.m. and midnight for public service announcements and 30 minutes per day for public programming (referred to in this annual report as Official Television Broadcast Time), and our remaining available television advertising time to promote, among other things, our products. We sold approximately 42%, 35% and 46% of total available national advertising time on our networks during prime time broadcasts in 2016, 2017 and 2018, respectively, and approximately 35%, 29% and 38% of total available national advertising time during all time periods in 2016, 2017 and 2018, respectively. See “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — Results of Operations — Total Segment Results — Content”.

 

Cable

 

The Cable Television Industry in Mexico. Cable television offers multiple channels of entertainment, news and informational programs to subscribers who pay a monthly fee. These fees are based on the package of channels the subscribers receive. According to IFT, there were approximately 884 pay-TV concessions in Mexico, including 402 integrated sole concessions, as of the date of their report, serving approximately 19.483 million subscribers (including cable and DTH).

 

Digital Cable Television Services. Our cable companies offer on-screen interactive programming guide with direct access to Blim and Netflix through the “izzi TV” platform, video on demand, high definition channels as well as other services throughout Mexico. Along with their digital pay-TV service, our cable companies offer high speed internet and a competitive digital telephone service. Through their network, they are able to distribute high quality video content, new services, interactivity with video on demand, 1080i high definition, impulse and order pay-per-view, a-la-carte programming, among other products and services, with added value features and premium solutions for consumers, and telephony and internet. Likewise, our cable companies offer mobile applications such as “izzi go”, which is a TV Everywhere application compatible with iOS and Android platforms, that enables subscribers to access channels, movies and series on demand. Izzi go also features a remote control compatible with our set top boxes, and allows subscribers to rent additional content through the application, all for a fixed price.

 

Revenues. Our cable companies generate revenues from their pay-TV, broadband and telephony services, from additional services such as video on demand, and from sales of advertising to local and national advertisers. Subscriber revenues come from monthly service and rental fees and, to a lesser extent, one-time installation fees.

 

Cable Initiatives. Our cable companies plan to continue offering the following services to their subscribers:

 

·                  Enhanced programming services, including video on demand, subscription video on demand, high definition;

 

·                  Broadband internet services, including fixed/mobile solutions; and

 

·                  IP telephony services.

 

Cablevisión. We own a 51% controlling stake in Cablevisión, one of the most important cable television operators in Mexico, which operates in Mexico City and its metropolitan area, where it offers cable television, high speed internet access and IP telephony services.

 

TVI. In March 2016, we acquired the remaining 50% of the equity interest of TVI and its subsidiaries and as a result, TVI is a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company. The transaction amounted to Ps.6,750 million, including the assumption of long-term liabilities in the aggregate amount of Ps.4,750.0 million, with maturities between 2017 and 2020, and a cash payment of Ps.2,000.0 million. TVI offers cable television, internet access, telephony services and bidirectional data transmission in the metropolitan area of Monterrey and other areas of northern Mexico.

 

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Cablemás. We own Cablemás, which operates in approximately 105 cities in Mexico where it offers cable television, high speed internet access and telephony services.

 

Cablecom. On July 31, 2013, we invested Ps.7,000 million in convertible debt instruments, which in August 2014 we converted into 95% of the equity interest in Ares, the owner of 51% of the equity interest in Cablecom, a cable company that offers cable television, internet access and telephony services in Mexico. As part of the 2013 transaction, we also invested U.S.$195 million in a debt instrument issued by Ares. In August 2014, we acquired, pursuant to applicable regulations, the remaining 5% of the equity interest in Ares and the remaining 49% of the equity interest of Cablecom for an additional consideration of Ps.8,550 million, which consisted of the capitalization of the U.S. dollar debt instrument issued by Ares in the amount of Ps.2,642 million, and cash in the amount of Ps.5,908 million.

 

Telecable. On January 8, 2015, through a series of transactions, we acquired 100% of the equity interest of Telecable for an aggregate consideration of Ps.10,002 million. Telecable is a cable company that provides cable television, internet access and telephony services in Mexico, primarily in the states of Guanajuato, Jalisco, Aguascalientes, Queretaro, Tamaulipas, and Colima, among others.

 

Bestel. Currently, the Company indirectly holds 66.1% of the equity of Bestel (35.3% through Cablevision and 30.8% through CVQ), which provides voice, data, and managed services to domestic and international carriers and to the enterprise, corporate, and government segments, cloud and other services in Mexico. Through Bestel (USA), Inc., Bestel provides cross-border services to U.S. carriers including internet protocol, or IP, transit, collocation, international private lines, virtual private networks, or VPNs, and voice services, as well as access to the Internet backbone via companies or carriers classified as “TIER 1” which are networks that can reach every other network on the internet without purchasing internet protocol address transit or paying settlements and “TIER 2” which are networks that peer with some networks, but purchase internet protocol address transit or pay settlements to reach at least some portion of the internet. Bestel operates more than 29,000 kilometers of a fiber-optic network of which it owns approximately 10,000 kilometers. This fiber-optic network covers several important cities and economic regions in Mexico and has direct crossing of its network into Dallas, Texas, Nogales, Arizona, and San Diego, California in the United States. This enables the company to provide high capacity connectivity between the United States and Mexico.

 

FTTH. On December 17, 2018, we acquired from Axtel its residential fiber-to-the-home business and related assets in Mexico City, Zapopan, Monterrey, Aguascalientes, San Luis Potosi and Ciudad Juarez, through our FTTH subsidiary. The assets acquired comprise 553,226 revenue generating units, consisting of 97,622 video, 227,802 broadband and 227,802 voice revenue generating units. The total value of the transaction amounts to Ps.4,713 million.

 

Sky

 

Background. We operate “Sky”, our DTH satellite venture in Mexico, Central America and the Dominican Republic, through Innova. We indirectly own 58.7% of this venture. The remaining 41.3% of Innova is owned by DIRECTV. For a description of capital contributions and loans we have made to Innova, see “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — Results of Operations — Liquidity, Foreign Exchange and Capital Resources — Capital Expenditures, Acquisitions and Investments, Distributions and Other Sources of Liquidity”.

 

Innova’s Social Part Holders Agreement provides that neither we nor News Corp. nor DIRECTV may directly or indirectly operate or acquire an interest in any business that operates a DTH satellite system in Mexico, Central America and the Dominican Republic (subject to limited exceptions).

 

As of December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, Innova’s DTH satellite pay-TV service had 8,026,519, 8,002,526 and 7,637,040 gross active video subscribers, respectively. Innova primarily attributes its success to its superior programming content, its exclusive transmission of the largest coverage sporting events such as soccer tournaments and special events, its high quality customer service and its nationwide distribution network with approximately 1,016 points of sale. In addition to the above, Innova also attributes its success to VeTV, our low-end package in Mexico. Sky continues to offer the highest quality and exclusive content in the Mexican pay-TV industry. Its programming packages combine our over-the-air channels with other exclusive content.

 

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During 2018, Sky offered exclusive content, which included certain Mexican Soccer League matches and most of the Spanish Soccer League, La Liga and La Copa del Rey, the English Premier League and the FA Cup, the NFL Sunday Ticket, MLB Extra Innings, the NHL, bullfighting, World Equestrian Games, marathons, Diamond League, the largest coverage of the Mexican Baseball League (LMB), ATP tournaments, UEFA Nations League and FIFA tournaments in Central America and some exclusive matches in Mexico. In addition to new programming contracts, Sky continues to operate under arrangements with a number of third party programming providers to provide additional channels to its subscribers. Sky also has arrangements with the major programming studios and sports federations.

 

In 2018, the Sky HD Package comprised 142 channels, as well as eight additional channels for pay-per-view. We expect to continue broadening our HD offering in the coming years for which we may need additional transponder capacity.

 

As of December 31, 2018, programming package monthly fees for residential subscribers, net of a prompt payment discount if the subscriber pays within 12 days of the billing date, are the following: Basic Ps.159, Fun Ps.319, Fox+ Ps.479, HBO Ps.489 and Universe Ps.709. Monthly fees for each programming package do not reflect a monthly rental fee in the amount of Ps.184 for the decoder necessary to receive the service (or Ps.170 if the subscriber pays within 12 days of the billing date) and a one-time activation fee which depends on the number of decoders and payment method. The monthly fees with respect to our prepaid programming package are the following: VeTV Ps.104, VeTV PLUS Ps.154 and the monthly rental fee for the decoder necessary to receive the service is Ps.105.

 

Sky devotes 12 pay-per-view channels to family entertainment and movies and eight channels are devoted to adult entertainment. In addition, Sky assigns seven extra channels exclusively for special events, known as Sky Events, which include concerts and sports. Sky provides some Sky Events at no additional cost while it sells others on a pay-per-view basis.

 

The installation fee is based on the number of set up boxes and the method of payment chosen by the subscriber. The monthly cost consists of a programming fee plus a rental fee for each additional box.

 

In 2018, Sky launched Fixed Wireless Broadband services under the brand name Blue Telecomm. Sky offers five or ten mega single-play broadband services as well as video-broadband bundles. These services are limited to certain areas in Mexico. Sky closed 2018 with 92,000 broadband customers.

 

Programming. We are a major source of programming content for our DTH venture and have granted our DTH venture DTH satellite service broadcast rights to most of our existing and future program services (including pay-per-view services on DTH), subject to some pre-existing third party agreements and other exceptions and conditions. Through its relationships with us and DIRECTV, we expect that the DTH satellite service in Mexico will be able to continue to negotiate favorable terms for programming both with third parties in Mexico and with international suppliers from the United States, Europe and Latin America.

 

Other Businesses

 

Publishing. Notwithstanding the challenges facing the publishing industry, we believe we have maintained our position as the most important publisher and distributor of magazines in Mexico and of Spanish-language magazines in the world, as measured by circulation.

 

With a total circulation of approximately 50.6 million copies in 2018, we publish 98 titles that are distributed in 12 countries, including the United States, Mexico, Colombia, Chile, Argentina, Peru and Panama, among others. See “— Publishing Distribution”. Our main publications in Mexico include TV y Novelas, a weekly entertainment and dramas magazine; Vanidades, a popular bi-weekly magazine for women; and Caras, a monthly leading lifestyle and socialite magazine. Our other main publications in Latin America and the United States include Vanidades and Caras Colombia and Chile.

 

We publish the Spanish-language edition of several magazines, including Cosmopolitan, Harper’s Bazaar, Seventeen, and Esquire through a joint venture with Hearst Communications, Inc.; Men’s Health, Women’s Health and Runner’s World, pursuant to a license agreement with Rodale, Inc.; Marie Claire, pursuant to a license agreement with Marie Claire Album; Sport Life and Automóvil Panamericano, as well as other special editions of

 

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popular automotive magazines, through a licensing agreement with Motorpress Ibérica, S.A.; Muy Interesante and Padres e Hijos pursuant to a joint venture with Zinet Media Global, S.L. We also publish a Spanish-language edition of National Geographic and National Geographic Traveler in Latin America and in the United States through a licensing agreement with National Geographic Partners, LLC. In addition, we publish several comics pursuant to license agreements with Marvel Brands LLC., Mediatoon Licensing, Kodansha Ltd. and DC Comics.

 

Our digital advertising revenue increased from 14% of the total advertising revenue of the publishing business in 2017 to 16% in 2018.

 

Publishing Distribution. We estimate that we distribute more than 50%, in terms of volume, of the magazines circulated in Mexico through our subsidiary, Distribuidora Intermex, S.A. de C.V., or Intermex. We believe that our distribution network, including independent distributors, reaches over 350 million Spanish-speaking people in approximately 12 countries, including Mexico, Colombia, Argentina, Chile, Peru and Panama. We also estimate that such distribution network reaches more than 21,000 points of sale in Mexico. Our publications are also sold in the United States, the Caribbean and elsewhere through independent distributors. In Mexico, in 2016, 2017 and 2018, 60.2%, 58.6% and 62.0%, respectively, of the publications distributed by our company were published by our Publishing division. In addition, our distribution network sells a number of publications published by joint ventures and independent publishers, as well as sticker albums, novelties and other consumer products.

 

Sports and Show Business Promotions. We actively promote a wide variety of sports events and cultural, musical and other entertainment productions in Mexico. Most of these events and productions are broadcast on our television stations, cable television system, radio stations and DTH satellite services. See “— Content — Programming”, “— Cable — Digital Cable Television Services”, “— Radio Stations” and “Our Operations — Sky”.

 

Soccer. We own Club de Fútbol América S.A. de C.V., or Club América, which currently plays in the Mexican First Division and is one of the most popular and successful soccer teams in Mexico. In the Mexican First Division, each team plays two tournaments of 17 games per regular annual season. The best teams of each regular season engage in post-season championship play.

 

We own the Azteca Stadium, which has hosted two World Cup Inaugurations and Final Games (1970 and 1986). In 2016, the Azteca Stadium underwent major renovations, adding new premier zones (suites and club seats). The stadium currently has a total seating capacity of approximately 84,500 fans. The Azteca Stadium hosts the home games of Club América as well as the qualifying matches of the Mexican National Team. Also since the second half of 2018, the Azteca Stadium became host for the home games of the soccer team known as Cruz Azul, which also participates in the first division of the Professional Mexican Soccer League.

 

The stadium has a contract with the National Football League, or the NFL, to host one regular season game each year beginning in 2016 through 2018. Due to field conditions, the 2018 NFL game was relocated to Los Angeles and postponed to 2019. The parties agreed for the stadium to host three regular season games in Mexico City during the 2020, 2021 and 2022 seasons, subject to certain financing conditions being met. In addition, the Azteca Stadium has been confirmed by FIFA to host soccer matches during the 2026 World Cup, which will be held in Canada, Mexico and the United States of America.

 

Promotions. We promote a wide variety of concerts and other shows, including beauty pageants, song festivals and shows of popular Mexican and international artists.

 

Feature Film Production and Distribution. We produce and co-produce first-run Spanish- and English-language feature films, some of which are among Mexico’s top films based on box office receipts.

 

We distribute our films to movie theaters in Mexico, the United States and Latin America,and later release them for broadcast on video on demand, cable and network television; some of those films have been partially financed by us and are among the highest grossing Mexican films in Mexico, such as No Manches Frida, Hazlo Como Hombre, 3 Idiotas, La Boda De Valentina and the Spanish language film that broke audience and box office records in Mexico and the United States during its release year, Instructions Not Included, which became the second highest film in Mexico in terms of number of viewers. We distribute feature films produced by non-Mexican producers in Mexico. In 2016, 2017, 2018 and up to February 2019, we distributed 21, 20, 22 and 2 feature films, respectively, including several U.S. box office hits.

 

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At December 31, 2018, we owned or had rights to 420 Spanish-language theatrical films, 167 theatrical films in other languages, 25 Spanish-language video titles and 27 video titles in other languages. Many of these films and titles have been shown on our television networks, cable system, DTH and subscription video on demand services.

 

Gaming Business. In 2006, we launched our gaming business, which consists of casinos and an online gaming site. As of December 31, 2018, we had 17 casinos in operation, under the brand name “PlayCity”. In accordance with our permit, we may continue to open casinos. In 2017, we launched our online sports betting site. The casinos and our online sports betting site are operated under the Gaming Permit obtained from the Mexican Ministry of the Interior, to establish, among other things, up to 45 casinos and number draws throughout Mexico. During 2017, our management decided to begin an internal process to close Multijuegos, our lottery business, and in December 2017, we obtained an authorization from the Mexican Ministry of the Interior, to suspend such business operations.

 

Radio Stations. Our radio business, Sistema Radiópolis, S.A. de C.V., or Radiópolis, is operated under a joint venture with Promotora de Informaciones, S.A., or Grupo Prisa, a leading Spanish communications group. Under this joint venture, we hold a controlling 50% full voting stake in this subsidiary and we have the right to appoint the majority of the members of the joint venture’s board of directors. Except in the case of matters that require unanimous board and/or stockholder approval, such as extraordinary corporate transactions, the removal of directors and the amendment of the joint venture’s organizational documents, among others, we control the outcome of most matters that require board of directors and/or stockholder approval. We also have the right to appoint Radiópolis’ Chief Financial Officer. The election of Radiópolis’ Chief Executive Officer requires the vote of the majority of the joint venture’s board of directors.

 

Radiópolis owns and operates 17 radio stations in Mexico, including three AM and three FM radio stations in Mexico City, three AM and two FM radio stations in Guadalajara, one AM station in Monterrey, one FM radio station in Mexicali, one AM/FM combo station in San Luis Potosí, one FM radio station in Veracruz, one FM radio station in Ensenada and one FM radio station in Puerto Vallarta. The IFT authorized the migration to the FM band of one of the AM radio stations in Guadalajara, as well as the AM station in Monterrey. These stations will begin their FM transmission in 2019. Some Radiópolis stations transmit powerful signals which reach beyond the market areas they serve. For example, XEW-AM and XEWA-AM transmit signals that under certain conditions may reach the southern part of the United States. XEW-AM may also reach most of southern Mexico. Including owned and affiliated stations, Radiópolis has 80 stations. We estimate that Radiópolis’ radio stations reach 22 states in Mexico. Our programs aired through our radio stations network reach approximately 62% of Mexico’s population. We plan to continue to explore ways to expand the reach of our radio programming and advertising through affiliations with third parties and through acquisitions.

 

According to Investigadores Internacionales Asociados, S.C., or INRA, in 2016, 2017 and 2018, XEW-AM ranked, on average, thirteenth, fourteenth and twelfth, respectively, among the 30 stations in the Mexico City metropolitan area AM market, XEQ-FM, ranked, on average, first, first and first respectively, among the 31 stations in the Mexico City metropolitan area FM market, and XEBA ranked, on average, second, second and second respectively, among the 27 stations in the Guadalajara City metropolitan FM market. INRA conducts daily door-to-door and automobiles interviews in the Mexico City metropolitan area to determine radio listeners’ preferences. Outside Mexico City, INRA conducts periodic surveys.

 

Our radio stations use various program formats, which target specific audiences and advertisers, and cross-promote the talent, content and programming of many of our other businesses, including television, sports and news. We produce some of Mexico’s top-rated radio formats, including W Radio (News-talk), W Deportes (Sports), Ke Buena (Mexican music) and Los 40 (Pop music). W Radio, Ke Buena and Los 40 formats are also broadcast through the internet.

 

The successful exclusive radio broadcasting in 2018 of the FIFA World Cup Russia 2018, UEFA Champions League, CONCACAF Champions League, Liga Mx, NFL and World Series placed Radiópolis among the highest rating sports-broadcasting radio stations in Mexico.

 

During the last five years, Radiópolis has organized 23 massive live musical events with leading artists, gathering an attendance of 57,554 people in aggregate for the last two events, which were performed at the Foro Sol in Mexico City. The events organized by Radiópolis have become among the most popular music-related events among the musical radio stations in Mexico.

 

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We sell both national and local advertising on our radio stations. Our radio advertising sales force sells advertising time primarily on a scatter basis. See “— Our Operations — Content — Programming — Advertising Sales Plan”. In addition, we use some of our available radio advertising time to satisfy our legal obligation to the Mexican government to provide up to 35 minutes per day of our broadcast time, between 6:00 a.m. and midnight for public service announcements, and 30 minutes per day for official programming (referred to in this annual report as “Official Radio Broadcast Time”).

 

Investments

 

OCEN. We own a 40% stake in OCEN, a subsidiary of CIE, which owns all of the assets related to CIE’s live entertainment business unit in Mexico. OCEN’s business includes the production and promotion of a wide variety of live entertainment events such as concerts, theatrical, family and cultural events, as well as the operation of entertainment venues, the sale of entrance tickets (under an agreement with Ticketmaster Corporation), food, beverages and merchandising, and the booking and management of Latin artists.

 

During 2016, 2017 and 2018, OCEN promoted 2,968, 2,986 and 3,109 events, respectively, and during 2018, it managed 12 entertainment venues in Mexico City, Guadalajara and Monterrey, providing an entertainment platform that established OCEN as one of the principal live entertainment companies in Mexico.

 

During 2018, 21.8 million entrance tickets were issued by OCEN’s subsidiary Ticketmaster, compared to 21.8 million in 2017.

 

Imagina. We owned equity participations equivalent to 19.05% of the capital stock of Imagina Media Audiovisual S.L., or Imagina, one of the main providers of content and audiovisual services for the media and entertainment industry in Spain. On June 26, 2018, we closed on the sale of our 19.05% stake in Imagina. From the total proceeds paid to us of approximately U.S.$341.0 million, 11% was retained in escrow. In December 2018, approximately U.S.$18.2 million (approximately 43% of the relevant amount) was released from escrow. The amount remaining in escrow will be released over time subject to customary terms and conditions under such escrow agreements.

 

Grupo de Telecomunicaciones de Alta Capacidad, S.A.P.I. de C.V. In March 2010, Telefónica, Editora Factum, S.A. de C.V., a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company which was merged into CVQ in May 2015, and Megacable agreed to jointly participate, through a consortium known as Grupo de Telecomunicaciones de Alta Capacidad, S.A.P.I. de C.V. (“GTAC”), in the public bid for a pair of dark fiber wires held by the CFE (Comisión Federal de Electricidad). In June 2010, the SCT granted GTAC a favorable award in the bidding process for a 20 year contract for the lease of up to 19,457 kilometers of dark fiber-optic capacity, along with a corresponding concession, granted in July 2010, to operate a public telecommunications network using DWDM technology. In June 2010, one of our subsidiaries entered into a long-term credit facility agreement to provide financing to GTAC in an amount up to Ps.688.2 million. Under the terms of this agreement, principal and interest are payable at dates agreed by the parties, between 2013 and 2021. In addition, a subsidiary of the Company entered into supplementary long-term loans to provide additional financing to GTAC for an aggregate principal amount of Ps.641 million. By the end of 2018, GTAC had in operation 175 links and 153 nationwide nodes, and the services for customers grew to 2,440, of which 95% have a capacity of 10 Gbps. The overall capacity per link is approximately 3.2 Tbps (80 optical channels x 10, 40 and 100 Gbps each channel). In addition, GTAC maintains four of its own routes (1,839 kilometers), three third-party dark fiber IRU (2,326 kilometers) and local loops (518 kilometers). This new fiber-optic network will represent for us a new alternative to access data transportation services, increasing competition in the Mexican telecommunications market and therefore improving the quality of the services offered. The fiber-optic network will aim to increase broadband internet access for businesses as well as households in Mexico.

 

We have investments in several other businesses. See Notes 3 and 10 to our consolidated year-end financial statements.

 

Univision

 

We have a number of arrangements with Univision, the leading Spanish-language media company in the United States that owns and operates the following: Univision Network, a leading content creator that is among the most-watched Spanish-language television networks in the United States; UniMás Network; Univision Cable Networks, including Galavisión, Univision Deportes Network, Univision tlnovelas, ForoTV, De Película, De Película Clásico,

 

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Bandamax, Ritmoson, Telehit, the Fusion TV cable network, a news and lifestyle cable network, and UCI’s interest in El Rey Network; Univision Local Media, which owns and/or operates 65 television stations and 58 radio stations in major Hispanic markets within the United States and Puerto Rico; Univision Now, a direct-to-consumer, on demand and live streaming subscription service; Univision.com; Uforia, a music application featuring multimedia music content; as well as a news and social justice website (FUSION.net).

 

On December 20, 2010, Univision, we, UHI and other parties affiliated with the investor groups that own UHI, entered into various agreements and completed certain transactions previously announced in October 2010. As a result, in December 2010, we (1) made a cash investment of U.S.$1,255 million in UHI (formerly known as BMP), in exchange for an initial 5% equity stake in UHI, and U.S.$1,125 million aggregate principal amount of 1.5% Convertible Debentures of UHI due 2025 which were convertible at our option into additional shares then equivalent to an approximately 30% equity stake of UHI, subject to applicable laws and regulations in the United States and other conditions, (2) acquired an option to purchase at fair value certain additional equity in UHI, subject to applicable laws and regulations in the United States, and other terms and conditions, and (3) sold to Univision our 50% equity interest in TuTv, our previous joint venture with Univision engaged in satellite and cable pay-TV programming distribution in the United States, for an aggregate cash amount of U.S.$55 million. In connection with this investment, (1) we entered into an amended program license agreement, or PLA, with Univision, pursuant to which Univision has the exclusive right to broadcast certain Televisa content in the United States, (2) we entered into a new program license agreement with Univision, the Mexico License Agreement, or MLA, under which we have received the exclusive Spanish-language broadcast and digital rights to Univision’s audiovisual programming (subject to certain exceptions) in Mexico during the term of the PLA, and (3) three designees of the Company joined Univision’s then 20-member Board of Directors, which was later increased to four designees of the Company on Univision’s expanded 22-member Board of Directors, on which there are currently 19 directors serving.

 

As part of our investment in Univision, we agreed, together with the Univision Sponsor group, to an incentive fee with Saban Capital Group that may result in the Company reducing its stake in Univision by approximately 3% (on a fully diluted basis) or paying an equivalent amount in cash.

 

Under the PLA, we granted Univision exclusive Spanish-language broadcast and digital rights to our audiovisual programming (subject to certain exceptions) in the United States and all territories and possessions of the United States, including Puerto Rico, which includes the right to use our online, network and pay-television programming on current and future Spanish-language television networks (with certain exceptions), including the Univision, UniMás and Galavision cable television networks, owned or controlled by Univision and current and future Univision Spanish-language online and interactive platforms (such as Univision.com, UVideos and Video on Demand). Univision also has rights under the PLA to broadcast in the United States Mexican First Division soccer league games for which we own or control the United States rights, which began with select teams in 2011 and which expanded in 2015 to all teams to which we own or control United States rights. We have agreed to provide Univision with at least 8,531 hours of programming per year for the term of the PLA.

 

In connection with the December 20, 2010 transactions with Univision, we and Univision entered into the MLA, under which we have received the exclusive Spanish-language broadcast and digital rights to Univision’s audiovisual programming (subject to certain exceptions) in Mexico during the term of the PLA.

 

We have an international program rights agreement, or IPRA, with Univision that previously required Univision to grant us and Venevision International Corporation, or Venevision, the right to broadcast outside the United States programs produced by Univision for broadcast on the Univision Network or the Galavision Network under this agreement. On December 20, 2010, we and Univision entered into an amendment to the IPRA pursuant to which, subject to the MLA and certain existing agreements with Venevision, our broadcast rights over certain Univision programs reverted back to Univision without affecting Venevision’s rights under the IPRA. We have been informed that certain of Venevision’s agreements with Univision have now been terminated and others have been amended. We also entered into an international sales agency agreement with Univision, pursuant to which Univision grants us the right to act as Univision’s sales agent during the term of the MLA to sell or license worldwide outside the United States and Mexico Univision’s Spanish-language programming, to the extent Univision makes such programming available in other territories and Univision owns or controls rights in these territories, and subject to limited exceptions.

 

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In December 2011, we made an additional investment of U.S.$49.1 million in cash in common stock of UHI by which we increased our interest in UHI from 5% to 7.1%. In August 2012, we made an additional investment of U.S.$22.5 million in cash in common stock of UHI by which we increased our interest in UHI from 7.1% to 8.0%. On January 30, 2014, a group of institutional investors made a capital contribution to UHI. As a result of this transaction, our equity stake in UHI decreased from 8.0% to 7.8%. On July 15 2015, we exercised 267,532 warrants to increase our equity stake from 7.8% to 10% (as discussed further below).

 

On July 1, 2015, the Company, UHI and Univision, together with Univision’s major shareholders, entered into a Memorandum of Understanding (the “MOU”) and Univision and a subsidiary of the Company entered into an amendment to the existing PLA (the “PLA Amendment”).

 

Under the PLA Amendment, the terms of the existing strategic relationship between Univision and the Company were amended, including as follows:

 

(i)    Revised Royalty Computation—In exchange for Univision agreeing to make certain additional sources of revenue subject to the royalty, effective January 1, 2015 and through December 2017, the royalty rate on substantially all of Univision’s Spanish-language media networks revenue was decreased to 11.84%, compared to 11.91% under the previous terms of the PLA. On January 1, 2018, the royalty rate increased from 11.84% to 16.13%, compared to 16.22% under the prior terms. Additionally, the Company will continue to receive an incremental 2% in royalty payments on such media networks’ revenues above an increased revenue base of $1.66 billion, compared to the prior revenue base of $1.65 billion. The royalty rate increased again to 16.45% starting on June 1, 2018 and for the remainder of the term, from 16.13%, compared to the prior rate of 16.54%. With this second rate increase, the Company receives an incremental 2% in royalty payments above a reduced revenue base of $1.63 billion. The royalty base generally includes all Univision revenues from the exploitation or operation of its Spanish-language audiovisual platforms, sublicensing arrangements, licenses of content to network affiliates or multichannel video programming distributors, and Univision-branded online platforms, whether those revenues are derived on an advertising, subscription, distribution, interactive media, or transactional basis.

 

(ii)   Term Extension— Subject to Univision completing a public offering of its common stock that results in net proceeds to Univision of a minimum agreed upon amount by July 1, 2019, and no change of control having occurred, the PLA Amendment extends the term of the PLA from its current expiration date of the later of 2025 and 90 months after the Company voluntarily sells two-thirds of its equity interests in UHI, to the later of 2030 and 90 months after the Company voluntarily sells two-thirds of its equity interests in UHI. Univision’s exclusive U.S. broadcast and digital rights (with limited exceptions) to the Company’s programming including premium Spanish-language dramas, sports, sitcoms, reality series, new programming and feature films, remains substantially unchanged. In March 2018, UHI announced that it has determined not to utilize the registration statement initially filed on July 2, 2015 for an initial public offering in the United States.

 

As consideration for the PLA Amendment, the MOU and other agreements entered into at the same time, Univision made a one-time payment of $4.5 million to the Company on July 6, 2015.

 

At the same time, the Company and Univision amended the MLA to conform to the PLA Amendment.

 

In addition, under the terms of the MOU, Univision, the Company and the major shareholders of Univision agreed to the following:

 

(i)     Equity Capitalization Amendment — The equity capitalization of Univision was adjusted to realign the economic and voting interest of the Company and Univision’s other stockholders. As a result, the Company holds common stock that, upon an initial public offering of Univision, would have approximately 22% of the voting rights of Univision’s common stock. The classes of Univision shares of common stock held by the Company provide the right to designate a minimum number of directors to Univision’s board of directors.

 

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(ii)     Conversion of Debentures — In July 2015, the Company exchanged $1.125 billion principal amount of Univision’s convertible debentures into warrants that are exercisable for certain classes of UHI’s common stock. In connection with the conversion, Univision made a one-time payment to the Company of $135.1 million on July 15, 2015 to induce the conversion. In July 2015, the Company exercised 267,532 warrants to increase its equity stake in UHI from 7.8% to 10%. On December 31, 2018, the Company held 4,590,953 warrants exercisable for shares of Univision.

 

The MOU, including the equity capitalization amendment described above and Univision’s obligations to file certain FCC applications as described in “—FCC Matters” below, may be terminated by any of the parties if Univision does not complete a public offering of its common stock that results in net proceeds to Univision of a minimum agreed upon amount by July 1, 2019. However, the PLA Amendment (other than the term extension) will not be affected by any such termination.

 

FCC Matters

 

On January 3, 2017, the FCC (a) approved an increase in the authorized aggregate foreign ownership of Univision’s issued and outstanding shares of common stock from 25% to 49%; and (b) authorized the Company to hold up to 40% of the voting interests and 49% of the equity interests of Univision. As a result of such authorization, the Company will be able to increase its current equity stake in Univision. In addition, pursuant to the MOU, Univision agreed that, after its original sponsors have transferred at least 75% of Univision’s common stock, Univision will file an application for any required FCC approval of a transfer of control of Univision to the public stockholders of Univision or as otherwise may be required.

 

For additional information regarding our relationship with Univision, see Notes 9, 10, 14 and 19 to our consolidated year-end financial statements.

 

Competition

 

We compete with various forms of media, entertainment and telecommunications companies in Mexico, both Mexican and non-Mexican. See “Key Information — Risk Factors — Risk Factors Related to Our Business — We Face Competition in Each of Our Markets That We Expect Will Intensify”.

 

Content

 

Our television stations compete for advertising revenues and for the services of recognized talent and qualified personnel with other television stations (including the stations owned by TV Azteca and Imagen Television) in their markets, as well as with other advertising media, such as pay television networks, radio, newspapers, magazines, outdoor advertising, cable television and a multi-channel, multi-point distribution system, or MMDS, OTT content providers, internet websites and DTH satellite services. Our content also competes with other forms of entertainment and leisure time activities. We generally compete with 260 channels throughout Mexico, including the channels of our major competitor, TV Azteca, which owns and operates Channels 7 and 1 (formerly 13) in Mexico City, which we believe are affiliated with 177 stations outside of Mexico City. TV Azteca holds two concession titles for Channel 40, or Proyecto 40, and Channel a+, UHF channels that broadcast in the Mexico City metropolitan area.

 

In addition to the foregoing channels, there are additional operating channels in Mexico with which we also compete, including Channel 11, which has 43 repeater stations, and Channel 22, which has 16 repeater stations in Mexico, which are operated by the Mexican government, as well as Imagen Television that operates as a concession holder to broadcast on a national digital network. Our television stations are the leading television stations in their respective markets. See “— Content—Television Networks”.

 

We are a major supplier of Spanish-language programming in the United States and throughout the world. We face competition from other international producers of Spanish-language and English-language programming and other types of programming.

 

Cable

 

Cablevisión, Cablemás, TVI, Cablecom, Telecable and FTTH face intense competition from several media, internet, OTT, cable, pay-TV and telecommunications companies throughout Mexico.

 

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The telecommunications industry in Mexico has become highly competitive. New technologies and technical innovations have been implemented in the telecommunications sector, resulting in a significant increase in competition. We believe that there is a strong correlation between the increase in competition and the adoption of new technologies.

 

Our cable operators face intense competition in the Internet services market and in the fixed telephony services market from several service providers such as Totalplay and other cable companies, but also importantly from the preponderant economic agent in the telecommunications sector, which holds a significant market share, as well as other competitors in fixed-mobile solutions.

 

Our cable operators also face tough competition from other cable companies and from other pay-TV operators such as Dish Mexico, Total Play Megacable, Sky and other cable operator companies. Recently, competition in this market has increased due to the growth of IPTV or OTT providers such as Netflix, Claro Video and Prime Video (Amazon).

 

Our cable operators compete as well with other media with respect to advertising sales, including DTH, social media, outdoor advertising and publishing among others. The information technologies are changing and we expect will continue to change the consumption of advertising in the communications media.

 

Sky

 

Innova currently competes with, or expects to compete with, among others, cable television operators, MMDS systems, national broadcast networks (including our three free-to-air networks and Channel 4), regional and local broadcast stations, OTT content providers, internet video websites and other DTH concessions such as Dish Mexico, which as of the third quarter of 2018 had approximately 2.5 million subscribers, according to IFT. Currently, Dish Mexico offers not only low-priced packages, but also high-end products such as High Definition Packages. Innova also faces competition from: (a) unauthorized C-band and Ku-band television signals provided by third parties without authorization of the Mexican government; and (b) illegal streaming services that facilitate access to television channels and content through set up boxes and applications. Other competitors include radio, movie theaters, video rental stores, IPTV, video games and other entertainment sources. We also face significant competition from new entrants in pay-TV services as well as from the new public television networks. The consolidation in the entertainment and broadcast industries could further intensify competitive pressures. As the pay-TV market in Mexico matures, and as the offering of bundled services that include pay-TV, broadband and telephony increases, Innova expects to face competition from an increasing number of sources. Emerging technologies that provide new services to pay-TV customers as well as new competitors in the DTH field or cable, telecommunication and internet players entering into video services would require us to make significant capital expenditures in new technologies and additional transponder capacity.

 

In October 2008, Dish Mexico, a subsidiary of a U.S. based DTH company operating with certain arrangements with Telmex, started operations in Mexico through a DTH concession. Dish Mexico currently operates nationwide.

 

Other Businesses

 

Publishing

 

Each of our magazine publications competes for readership and advertising revenues with other magazines of a general character and with other forms of print and non-print media. Competition for advertising is based on circulation levels, reader demographics and advertising rates.

 

Radio

 

The radio broadcast business is highly competitive in Mexico as well. Our radio stations compete with other radio stations in their respective markets, as well as with other advertising media, such as television, newspapers, magazines and outdoor advertising. Among our principal competitors in the radio broadcast business are Grupo Radio Centro, S.A.B. de C.V., which owns or operates more than 200 radio stations throughout Mexico, eight of which are located in Mexico City, Grupo Acir, S.A. de C.V., which owns or operates six radio stations in Mexico City, and has a presence in 27 cities in Mexico, and NRM Comunicaciones, S.A. de C.V., which owns six radio

 

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stations in Mexico City. Competition for audience share in the radio broadcasting industry in Mexico occurs primarily in individual geographic markets. Our radio stations are located in highly competitive areas.

 

Feature Film Production and Distribution

 

Production and distribution of feature films is a highly competitive business in Mexico. The various producers compete for the services of recognized talent and for film rights to scripts and other literary property. We compete with other feature film producers, Mexican and non-Mexican, and distributors in the distribution of films in Mexico, the U.S. and in Latin America. See “— Other Businesses — Feature Film Production and Distribution”. Our films also compete with other forms of entertainment and leisure time activities.

 

Gaming Business

 

Our principal competitors in the gaming industry are, with respect to casinos, Codere, CIE, Grupo Caliente Grupo Cirsa and Grupo Logrand. We also face competition from several illegal casino and bingo parlors throughout Mexico.

 

Regulation

 

Our business, activities and investments are subject to various Mexican federal, state and local statutes, rules, regulations, policies and procedures, which are constantly subject to change and are affected by the actions of various Mexican federal, state and local governmental authorities. See “Key Information — Risk Factors — Risk Factors Related to Mexico — Imposition of Fines by Regulators and Other Authorities Could Adversely Affect Our Financial Condition and Results of Operations”, “— Existing Mexican Laws and Regulations or Changes Thereto or the Imposition of New Ones May Negatively Affect Our Operations and Revenue” and “—The Reform and Addition of Various Provisions of the Mexican Constitution Related to Telecommunications, the LFTR, and Other Recent Actions of IFT May Significantly and Adversely Affect the Business, Results of Operations and Financial Results of Some of Our Business Segments”. The material Mexican federal, state and local statutes, rules, regulations, policies and procedures to which our business, activities and investments are subject are summarized below. These summaries do not purport to be complete and should be read together with the full texts of the relevant statutes, rules, regulations, policies and procedures described therein.

 

Television

 

Mexican Television Regulations

 

Concessions. The LFTR regulates, on a convergent basis, the use and exploitation of the radio-electric spectrum, and the telecommunications networks, as well as the rendering of broadcasting, cable, satellite pay-TV and telecommunications services.

 

Concessions for the commercial use of spectrum are granted through public bid processes. Such concessions are granted for a fixed term, subject to renewal in accordance with LFTR. Renewal of concessions for the use of spectrum require, among others: (i) to request such renewal to IFT in the year prior to the last fifth period of the fixed term of the related concession; (ii) to be in compliance with the concession holder’s obligations under the LFTR, other applicable regulations, and the concession title; (iii) a declaration by IFT that there is no public interest in recovering the spectrum granted under the related concession; and (iv) the acceptance by the concession holder of any new conditions for renewing the concession as set forth by IFT, including the payment of a related fee. To our knowledge, no spectrum granted for broadcasting services in Mexico has been recovered by the Mexican government in the past several years for public interest reasons, however, the Company is unable to predict any future action by IFT.

 

Pursuant to the Telecommunications and Broadcasting Federal Law, concessionaires will now only have one integrated sole concession to provide telecommunication and broadcasting services. Integrated sole concessions will be granted for a term of up to 30 years with the possibility to renew them, for the same term originally granted. Renewal of integrated sole concessions require, among others: (i) to request its renewal to IFT within the year prior to the last fifth period of the fixed term of the related concession; (ii) to be in compliance with the concession holder’s obligations under the LFTR, other applicable regulations, and the concession title; and (iii) the acceptance by the concession holder of any new conditions for renewing the concession as set forth by IFT. IFT shall resolve

 

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any request for renewal of the telecommunications concessions within 180 business days of its request. Failure by IFT to respond within such period of time shall be interpreted as if the request for renewal has been granted.

 

In May 2018, applications for the renewal of the Group´s 70 broadcasting concessions (comprising 225 TV stations), were timely filed under the LFTR and the terms set on the concessions, and as part of the renewal process, the Company regrouped its concessions to create (i) three concessionaires, each one specialized on broadcasting the National TV Networks of Las Estrellas, Canal 5 and Canal Nu9ve, respectively, and (ii) three concessionaires specialized on local TV content.

 

On November 6, 2018, IFT notified the Company the grant of the renewal of its concessions, the new conditions under which they will operate, as well as the relevant fee to be paid for such renewals.

 

On November 26, 2018, the Company timely accepted the new conditions for the renewal of the concessions and performed the payment of the relevant fee for a total amount of Ps.5,753 million, as a consequence, the IFT delivered to the Company (i) 23 concessions for the use of spectrum that comprise the Company 225 TV stations, for a term of 20 years, starting in January 2022, and ending in January 2042, and (ii) six concessions that grant the authorization to provide digital broadcasting television services of such 225 TV stations, for a term of 30 years, starting in January 2022 and ending in January 2052.

 

On March 7, 2014, IFT published in the Official Gazette of the Federation an invitation to a public auction for the concession for the two new National Digital Networks. The invitation provided that the concessions for the National Digital Networks would be granted for a term of 20 years for the operation of stations with, among other characteristics, mandatory geographic coverage in 123 locations corresponding to 246 channels within the Mexican territory.

 

The Company was prevented from participating as a bidder in the 2014 public auction. See “Key Information — Risk Factors Related to Mexico — The Reform and Addition of Various Provisions of the Mexican Constitution Related to Telecommunications, the LFTR, and Other Recent Actions of IFT May Significantly and Adversely Affect the Business, Results of Operations and Financial Results of Some of Our Business Segments” and “— Risk Factors Related to Our Business — The Operation of Our Business May Be Adversely Affected if the Mexican Government Does Not Renew or Revokes Our Broadcast or Other Concessions”. In March 2015, IFT issued its ruling announcing Grupo Radio Centro and Imagen Television as winning bidders for two free to air broadcasting licenses with separate national coverage. Imagen Television has completed the process and has received its license. However, since Grupo Radio Centro failed to pay the amount they bid for their free to air broadcasting license, the IFT’s ruling announcing them as a winning bidder was declared null and void and they will not receive the license. As a result, the auction of the portion of the spectrum that was going to be assigned to Grupo Radio Centro took place during 2017. The new bid was for 148 channels for Digital Terrestrial Television, including at least 123 channels that were not allocated in the IFT-1 bidding process for the two national digital broadcast television networks. At the end of the process, offers were received for 32 channels located in 29 different coverage areas, located in 17 States and covering about 45 percent of the country’s total population.The bidding process concluded in December 2017 with the issuance of the corresponding concession titles in favor of Compañía Periodística Sudcaliforniana, S.A. de C.V., Comunicación 2000, S.A. de C.V., Francisco de Jesús Aguirre Gómez, Intermedia de Chihuahua, S.A. de C.V., José Guadalupe Manuel Trejo García, Multimedios Televisión, S.A. de C.V., Quiero Media, S.A. de C.V., Radio Comunicación Gamar, S.A. de C.V., Radio Operadora Pegasso, S.A. de C.V., Radio-Televisión de Nayarit, S.A. de C.V., Tele Saltillo, S.A. de C.V., Televisión Digital, S.A. de C.V. and Telsusa Televisión México, S.A. de C.V. See “Key Information — Risk Factors — Risk Factors Related to Mexico — The Reform and Addition of Various Provisions of the Mexican Constitution Related to Telecommunications, the LFTR, and Other Recent Actions of IFT May Significantly and Adversely Affect the Business, Results of Operations and Financial Results of Some of Our Business Segments”.

 

None of our over-the-air television concessions has ever been revoked or otherwise terminated and, except for an immaterial concession to transmit an UHF restricted television service which expired in November 2010, all of our concessions have been renewed. See “Information on the Company — Business Overview — Regulation — Cable Television — Concessions”.

 

We believe that we have operated our television concessions substantially in compliance with their terms and applicable Mexican law. If a concession is revoked or terminated, the concessionaire could be required to forfeit to

 

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the Mexican government all of its assets or the Mexican government could have the right to purchase all the concessionaire’s assets. In our case, the assets of our licensee subsidiaries generally consist of transmitting facilities and antennas. See “Key Information — Risk Factors — Risk Factors Related to Our Business — The Operation of Our Business May Be Adversely Affected if the Mexican Government Does Not Renew or Revokes Our Broadcast or Other Concessions”.

 

As a result of the Telecom Reform, certain provisions of the LFTR and Guidelines related to the distribution of more than one channel of programming on the same transmission channel, or multiplexing, were passed. Such provisions optimize the use of the spectrum; for example, where the 6MHz spectrum was used entirely to broadcast only one channel of programming analog standard, now based on new technologies, more than one channel of programming digital standard on the same transmission channel can be broadcast. The Company, as a Preponderant Economic Agent has a restrictive obligation related to multiplexing. The IFT shall not authorize the Preponderant Economic Agent to broadcast channels in excess of 50% of the total channels authorized to other broadcasters in the same geographic coverage. The IFT has granted 85 multiplexing authorizations to the Company: 34 authorizations for multiplexing the Channel 5 Network, 20 authorizations for multiplexing the Channel Nu9ve Network, two authorizations for multiplexing the Channel 2 Network, 25 authorizations for multiplexing Channel Foro TV Network, three authorizations for multiplexing the Channel CJ Grand Shopping Network and one authorization for multiplexing the Channel T.V. 3 Puebla Network.. Further filings for new authorizations are still under evaluation.

 

Supervision of Operations. To ensure that broadcasting is performed in accordance with the provisions established in the concession title, the LFTR and Guidelines, IFT is entitled to monitor compliance by exercising powers of supervision and verification: for example, the IFT can perform technical inspections of the television stations and the concessionaire must file annual reports with IFT.

 

On August 21, 2018, the Mexican Ministry of Interior published in the Official Gazette of the Federation an amendment to the regulations of broadcast television and pay-TV programming guidelines that provides for different age classifications for programming (the “Programming Guidelines Amendment”), which became effective on August 22, 2018, substituting in full force and effect the previous amendment published on February 15, 2017. The Programming Guidelines Amendment for broadcast television is as follows: (i) programs classified “D” extreme and adult only may broadcast after midnight to 5:00 am; (ii) programs classified “C” not suitable for people under the age of 18 may broadcast only after 9:00 p.m. to 5:59 am; (iii) programs classified “B15” for teenagers over 15 years old may be broadcast only after 7:00 p.m. to 5:59 am; (iv) programs classified “B” for teenagers may be broadcast only after 4:00 p.m. to 5:59 am; and (v) programs classified “A” and “AA” suitable for all age groups may be broadcast at any time. The same age classifications apply for pay-TV programming and the age classifications must be shown to the audience, but there are no applicable broadcasting time limitations.

 

Content for Children and Teenagers. The LFTR includes new criteria for programming addressed for children and teenagers. Each concessionaire is also required to transmit each day, free of charge, up to 30 minutes of programming promoting cultural, educational, family counseling and other social matters, using programming provided by the Mexican government. Historically, the Mexican government has not used a significant portion of this time.

 

Restrictions on Advertising. Mexican law regulates the type and content of advertising broadcast on television. In order to prevent the transmission of misleading advertising, without affecting freedom of expression and dissemination, the broadcasting of advertisements presented as journalistic news or information is prohibited. Under current law, advertisements of alcoholic beverages (other than beer and wine) may be broadcast only after 9:00 p.m. and advertisements for tobacco products are prohibited. Advertising for alcoholic beverages must not be excessive and must be combined with general promotions of nutrition and general hygiene. Health Law Guidelines were published in the Official Gazette of the Federation on April 15, 2014 and became effective on July 7, 2014, for the advertisement of the following products: snacks, flavored drinks, candies, chocolates, or foods similar to chocolates and became effective for the remaining products on January 1, 2015. See “Key Information — Risk Factors — Risk Factors Related to Our Business — The Amendment to the Regulations of the General Health Law on Advertising Could Materially Affect Our Business, Results of Operations and Financial Condition”. Moreover, the Mexican government must approve any advertisement of lotteries and other sweepstakes games.

 

TV advertisement will not take up more than 18% of the broadcast time on any day in TV. However, this percentage can be increased by an additional 2% when at least 20% of the content programmed is national

 

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production. Another 5% of advertisement time can be added when at least 20% of the content programmed is independent national production. There are no restrictions on maximum rates. See “Key Information — Risk Factors — Risk Factors Related to Mexico — Existing Mexican Laws and Regulations or Changes Thereto or the Imposition of New Ones May Negatively Affect Our Operations and Revenue”, “— The Amendment to the Regulations of the General Health Law on Advertising Could Materially Affect Our Business, Results of Operations and Financial Situation” and “— The Reform and Addition of Various Provisions of the Mexican Constitution Related to Telecommunications, the LFTR, and Other Recent Actions of IFT May Significantly and Adversely Affect the Business, Results of Operations and Financial Results of Some of Our Business Segments”.

 

Additional Rights for Audiences. Among others, the LFTR imposes new obligations on concessionaires. On November 29, 2016, IFT issued the Guidelines for the Defense of the Audiences, which were published on December 21, 2016, in the Federal Official Gazette. These guidelines and some related provisions of the LFTR were constitutionally challenged by the Executive Branch and the Senate particularly for concerns that they restrict freedom of speech. These procedures were dismissed by the Supreme Court of Justice by the entry into force of the reform of the LFTR published in the Official Gazette on October 31, 2017. The amendment to the LFTR includes among other things: (i) restricts the power of the IFT to regulate a large portion of the provisions established by the Guidelines for the Defense of the Audience; (ii) increases the ability of all broadcasting and telecommunications concessionaries to self-regulate themselves by granting them the ability to regulate their programming content and the way in which they decide to respect and promote the rights of the audiences through their code of ethics without being subject to IFT’s approval; (iii) removes the obligation to make sure that, when broadcasting news, the reporting of factual material is clearly distinguished from commentaries and personal analysis; and (iv) makes clear that the appointment of an Ombudsman is not subject to special specifications and procedures set by IFT. As a result, the legal provisions that are contrary to this amendment were repealed.

 

Government Broadcast Time. Radio and television stations have to provide to the Mexican Government up to 18 minutes per day of the television broadcast time and 35 minutes per day of the radio broadcast time between 6:00 a.m. and midnight, in each case distributed in an equitable and proportionate manner. Any time not used by the Mexican government on any day is forfeited. Generally, the Mexican government uses all or substantially all of the broadcast time available to it under this tax.

 

Foreign Ownership. Non-Mexican ownership of shares of Mexican enterprises is restricted in some economic sectors, including broadcast television, and radio. As a result of the Telecom Reform, the participation of foreign investors can be up to 49% in free to air radio and television, subject to reciprocity requirements, and up to 100% in telecommunications services and satellite communications. Such amendments are reflected in the LFTR and Mexico’s Ley de Inversión Extranjera, or Foreign Investment Law, and the Reglamento de la Ley de Inversión Extranjera y del Registro Nacional de Inversiones Extranjeras, or the Regulation of the Foreign Investment Law and the Foreign Investment National Registry. See “— Satellite Communications — Mexican Regulation of DTH Satellite Services”.

 

Radio

 

The regulations applicable to the operation of radio stations in Mexico are identical in all material respects to those applicable to television stations. The expiration dates of our radio concessions range from 2020 to 2039. The concession for the radio station in the state of Baja California will expire in 2020. Renewal applications were timely filed, but are still pending as certain related matters of the applicable regulations are being reviewed by the corresponding authorities. See “— Content”, “— Other Businesses — Radio Stations” and “Key Information — Risk Factors — Risk Factors Related to Our Business — The Operation of Our Business May Be Adversely Affected if the Mexican Government Does Not Renew or Revokes Our Broadcast or Other Concessions”.

 

In December 2016, Radiópolis agreed to transfer the rights and obligations of the concession title of two AM stations operating in Guadalajara. IFT notified the transfer of such stations in December 2017 and April 2018.

 

In February 2017, Radiópolis participated in Bid No. IFT-4 to obtain the concession of new FM radio stations, and IFT awarded two stations in the cities of Ensenada and Puerto Vallarta. These two stations will begin operations in 2019.

 

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In August 2017, IFT authorized the migration of two of our AM radio stations operating in Monterrey and Guadalajara to the FM band. Operations in the new band will begin in 2019.

 

Cable Television

 

Concessions. Cable television operators apply for a concession from IFT in order to operate their networks and provide cable television services and other multimedia communications services. Applications are submitted to IFT and, after a formal review process, a concession is granted for an initial term of up to 30 years. Cablevisión obtained a telecommunications concession, which expires in 2029. Pursuant to its public telecommunications concession, Cablevisión can provide cable television, limited audio transmission services, specifically music programming, bidirectional internet access and unlimited data transmission services in Mexico City and surrounding areas in the State of Mexico (Estado de México). In addition, in May 2007, the SCT granted Cablevisión authorization to modify its concession allowing Cablevisión to provide local telephony services using the telephony public network. The scope of Cablevisión’s public telecommunications concession is much broader than the scope of its former cable television concession, which covered only cable television services and audio programming.

 

Cablemás and its affiliates operate under 62 concessions, which cover 20 Mexican states. Through these concessions, Cablemás provides cable television services, internet access and bidirectional data transmission services. Cablemás provides local and long distance telephony services. Each concession granted by the SCT and/or IFT allows Cablemás to install and operate a public telecommunications network. The expiration dates for Cablemás’ concessions range from 2023 to 2046. Cablemás holds a concession title that allows it to provide any telecommunications service all around Mexico.

 

TVI and its affiliates operate under 10 concessions, which cover 8 Mexican states. Through these concessions, TVI provides cable television services, bidirectional data transmission and internet and telephony services. Each concession granted by the SCT and/or IFT allows TVI to install and operate a public telecommunications network. The expiration dates for TVI’s concessions range from 2025 to 2045. TVI holds a concession title that allows it to provide any telecommunications service all around Mexico.

 

Cablecom and its affiliates operate under 25 concessions, which cover 15 Mexican states. Through these concessions, Cablecom provides cable television services, bidirectional data transmission and internet and telephony services. Each concession granted by the SCT or IFT allows Cablecom to install and operate a public telecommunications network. The expiration dates for Cablecom’s concessions range from 2025 to 2045. Cablecom hold a concession title that allows it to provide any telecommunications service all around Mexico.

 

Telecable operates under 31 concessions, which cover 10 Mexican states. Through these concessions, Telecable provides cable television services, bidirectional data transmission and internet and telephony services. Each concession granted by the SCT or IFT allows Telecable to install and operate a public telecommunications network. The expiration dates for Telecable’s concessions range from 2022 to 2040. Telecable holds a concession title that allows it to provide any telecommunications service all around Mexico.

 

FTTH operates under one concession, which covers six Mexican states. Through this concession, FTTH provides cable television services, bidirectional data transmission and internet and telephony services. This concession granted by IFT allows FTTH to install and operate a public telecommunications network. The expiration date for FTTH’s concessions is 2046. This concession title allows for the provision of any telecommunications service all around Mexico.

 

According to the LFTR, a public telecommunications concession may be renewed upon its expiration, or revoked or terminated prior to its expiration for a variety of circumstances, including:

 

·                  unauthorized interruption or termination of service;

 

·                  interference by the concessionaire with services provided by other operators;

 

·                  non-compliance with the terms and conditions of the public telecommunications concession (which has expressly established that failure to comply will result in the revocation of the concession);

 

·                  the concessionaire’s refusal to interconnect with other operators;

 

·                  loss of the concessionaire’s Mexican nationality;

 

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·                  unauthorized assignment, transfer or encumbrance, in whole or in part, of the concession or any rights or assets;

 

·                  the liquidation or bankruptcy of the concessionaire; and

 

·                  ownership or control of the capital stock of the concessionaire by a foreign government.

 

In addition, IFT may establish under any public telecommunications concession further events which could result in revocation of the concession. Under current Mexican laws and regulations, upon the expiration or termination of a public telecommunications concession, the Mexican government has the right to purchase those assets of the concessionaire that are directly related to the concession, at market value.

 

Cable television operators are subject to the LFTR and, since February 2000, have been subject to the Reglamento del Servicio de Televisión y Audio Restringidos, or the Restricted Television and Audio Services Regulations. Under current Mexican law, cable television operators are classified as public telecommunications networks, and must conduct their business in accordance with Mexican laws and regulations applicable to public telecommunications networks.

 

Under the applicable Mexican law, the Mexican government, through the SCT, may also temporarily seize or even expropriate all of a public telecommunications concessionaire’s assets in the event of a natural disaster, war, significant public disturbance or threats to internal peace and for other reasons related to preserving public order or for economic reasons. The Mexican government is obligated by Mexican law to compensate the concessionaire, both for the value of the assets seized and related profits.

 

Supervision of Operations. IFT regularly inspects the operations of cable systems and cable television operators must file annual reports with IFT.

 

Under Mexican law, programming broadcast on cable networks is not subject to judicial or administrative censorship. However, this programming is subject to various regulations, including prohibitions on foul language, programming which is against good manners and customs or programming which is against the national security or against public order.

 

Mexican law also requires cable television operators to broadcast programming that promotes Mexican culture, although cable television operators are not required to broadcast a specified amount of this type of programming.

 

In addition to broadcasting programming that promotes Mexican culture, Mexican law also requires cable television operators to carry all air broadcast channels and Señales de Instituciones Públicas Federales or Public Federal Institutions Channels provided by the Mexican government according to the applicable regulations.

 

Restrictions on Advertising. Mexican law restricts the type of advertising that may be broadcast on cable television. These restrictions are similar to those applicable to advertising broadcast on over-the-air Channels 2, 4, 5 and 9. See “— Regulation — Television — Mexican Television Regulations — Restrictions on Advertising”.

 

Forfeiture of Assets. Under Mexican regulations, at the end of the term of a public telecommunications concession, assets of concessionaires may be purchased by the Mexican government at market value.

 

Non-Mexican Ownership of Public Telecommunications Networks

 

Under current Mexican law, non-Mexicans may currently own up to 49%, subject to reciprocity by the relevant foreign country, of the outstanding voting stock of Mexican companies with a broadcast television or radio concession. However, non-Mexicans may currently own up to all of the outstanding voting stock of Mexican companies with a public telecommunications concession to provide cellular telephone, fixed-line telephone, pay-TV and data services.

 

Application of Existing Regulatory Framework to Internet Access and IP Telephony Services

 

Cablevisión, TVI, Cablecom, Telecable Cablemás and FTTH may be required, under Mexican law, to permit other concessionaires to connect their network to its network in a manner that enables its customers to choose the network by which the services are carried.

 

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To the extent that a cable television operator has any available capacity on its network, as a public telecommunications network, Mexican law requires the operator to offer third party providers access to its network. Our cable operators currently do not have any capacity available on their networks to offer to third party providers and do not expect that they will have capacity available in the future given the broad range of services they plan to provide over their networks.

 

Satellite Communications

 

Mexican Regulation of DTH Satellite Services. Under LFTR, concessions to broadcast DTH satellite services are for an initial term of up to 30 years, and are renewable for up to 30 years. We received a 30-year concession to operate DTH satellite services in Mexico utilizing SatMex satellites in May 1996. In November 2018, such concession transitioned into a unique concession which authorizes Sky to render the following services: DTH Pay TV; Private Satellite Link Services; and Fixed Telephony and Internet Access.

 

In November 2000, we received an additional 20-year concession to operate our DTH satellite service in Mexico using the IS-9 satellite system, a foreign-owned satellite system. Our use of the IS-16, IS-21 and SM-1 satellites has been authorized by the competent Mexican authorities.

 

Like a public telecommunications network concession, a DTH concession may be revoked or terminated by IFT prior to the end of its term in certain circumstances, which for a DTH concession include:

 

·                  The failure to use the concession within 180 days after it was granted;

 

·                  A declaration of bankruptcy of the concessionaire;

 

·                  Failure to comply with the obligations or conditions specified in the concession;

 

·                  Unlawful assignments of, or encumbrances on, the concession; or

 

·                  Failure to pay to the government the required fees.

 

At the termination of a concession, the Mexican government has the preemptive right to acquire the assets of a DTH satellite service concessionaire. In the event of a natural disaster, war, significant public disturbance or for reasons of public need or interest, the Mexican government may temporarily seize and expropriate all assets related to a concession, but must compensate the concessionaire for such seizure. The Mexican government may collect fees based on DTH satellite service revenues of a satellite concessionaire.

 

Under the LFTR, DTH satellite service concessionaires may freely set customer fees but must notify IFT of the amount, except that if a concessionaire has substantial market power, IFT may determine fees that may be charged by such concessionaire. The LFTR specifically prohibits cross-subsidies.

 

There is currently no limitation on the level of non-Mexican ownership of voting equity of DTH satellite system concessionaires.

 

Regulation of DTH Satellite Services in Other Countries. Our current and proposed DTH ventures in other countries are and will be governed by laws, regulations and other restrictions of such countries, as well as treaties that such countries have entered into, regulating the delivery of communications signals to, or the uplink of signals from, such countries. In addition, the laws of some other countries establish restrictions on our ownership interest in some of these DTH ventures as well as restrictions on programming that may be broadcast by these DTH ventures.

 

Mexican Gaming Regulations

 

Pursuant to Mexico’s Ley Federal de Juegos y Sorteos, or Federal Law of Games and Draws, or Gaming Law, and its accompanying regulations, the Reglamento de la Ley Federal de Juegos y Sorteos, or Gaming Regulations, the Mexican Ministry of the Interior has the authority to permit the operation of games and lotteries that involve betting. This administrative authorization is defined as a permit under the Gaming Regulations. Under the Gaming Regulations, each permit establishes the terms and conditions for the operation of the respective activities authorized under the permit and the specific periods for operation of those activities. Permits for games and lotteries that involve betting have a maximum term of 25 years. The holder of the relevant permit must comply with all the terms provided in the permit, the Gaming Law and the Gaming Regulations. We were granted a Gaming Permit on May 25, 2005, which expires on May 24, 2030.

 

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Mexican Antitrust Law

 

The Federal Antitrust Law became effective on July 7, 2014. It should be noted that IFT is entitled to review antitrust matters related to the telecommunications and broadcasting sectors, while the COFECE is in charge of all other antitrust matters. IFT or COFECE must authorize mergers and acquisitions before they take place. In addition, one of the thresholds was modified to only apply to sales or assets of economic agents in Mexico and not worldwide economic agents.

 

The Antitrust Law provides that the following reportable transactions, among others, are exempt from being reviewed by IFT or COFECE:

 

(i)                      Corporate restructurings.

 

(ii)                   Transactions where the acquirer has control over the target from its incorporation or from the date the last reported transaction was approved by IFT or COFECE.

 

(iii)                Trusts in which the trustor contributes assets without intending to transfer, or causing the actual transfer of, assets to another company that is not part of the corporate structure of the trustor.

 

(iv)               Transactions that have effect in Mexico involving non-Mexican participants, if the participants will not take control of Mexican legal entities, or acquire assets in Mexico, in addition to those previously controlled or owned by such participants.

 

(v)                  When the acquirer is a Brokerage House, whose operation involves the acquisition of stock, obligations, securities or assets, in order to place them among the investing public, except when the Brokerage House obtains a significant influence in the decisions of the company.

 

(vi)               Acquisitions of equity securities (or convertible securities) through stock markets that represent less than 10% of such securities, and the acquirer is not entitled to: (w) appoint board members; (x) control a shareholders meeting decision; (y) vote more than 10% of voting rights of the issuer; or (z) direct or influence the management, operation, strategy or principal policies of the issuer.

 

(vii)            When the acquisition of stock, assets, obligations or securities is made by one or more investment funds with speculative purposes that have no investments in companies or assets that participate or are occupied in the same relevant market of the acquired company.

 

According to transitory Article 9 of the LFTR, as long as there is a Preponderant Economic Agent in the telecommunications and broadcasting sectors, in order to promote competition and develop viable competitors in the future, it is not required to obtain IFT approval of mergers and acquisitions carried out by concession holders when the following requirements are met:

 

(a) The transaction reduces the Dominance Index in the sector and the Hirschman-Herfindahl Index does not increase by more than 200 points.

 

(b) As a result of the transaction, the economic agent involved has a sector share percentage of less than 20%.

 

(c) The Preponderant Economic Agent of the sector in which the transaction is taking place is not involved in the transaction.

 

(d) The transaction does not effectively diminish, harm or hinder the free competition and concurrency in the applicable sector.

 

Notwithstanding the above, concession holders involved in the transaction shall inform IFT of the transaction within ten days following the completion of the transaction and IFT will then have 90 calendar days to investigate the transaction and in case it determines the existence of substantial market power in the relevant market, it may impose the necessary measures to protect and encourage free competition and concurrency in such market.

 

With regard to our acquisitions of Cablecom and Telecable, IFT ruled that there were no sufficient elements to determine the existence of market power in the municipalities of Mexico in which Cablecom and Telecable operate. The IFT resolutions were challenged by certain third parties but were favorably resolved for the interests of the Company by a federal court. As a result, such procedures have been concluded. Notwithstanding the foregoing, IFT has legal authority to conduct new investigations in order to determine the existence of an economic agent with substantial power in any of the relevant markets of the broadcasting and telecommunication sectors. As part of our expansion of our cable business, on December 17, 2018, we acquired

 

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