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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C.  20549

FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
☑QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2023
or
☐TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from            to

Commission File Number 1-8036

WEST PHARMACEUTICAL SERVICES, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Pennsylvania23-1210010
 (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)
530 Herman O. West Drive, Exton, PA
19341-1147
(Address of principal executive offices)(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: 610-594-2900
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each classTrading SymbolName of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.25 per shareWSTNew York Stock Exchange
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.          Yes ☑ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).                      Yes ☑ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company.  See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer
☑ Accelerated filer☐
Non-accelerated filer
☐Smaller reporting company☐
Emerging growth company☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.                                                      ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes ☐ No ☑
As of October 16, 2023, there were 73,989,670 shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
  Page
 
ITEM 1. 
 
 
 
 
 
ITEM 2.
ITEM 3.
ITEM 4.
   
 
ITEM 1.
ITEM 1A.
ITEM 2.
ITEM 5.
ITEM 6.
   
   

2
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1.   FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (UNAUDITED)
West Pharmaceutical Services, Inc. and Subsidiaries
(in millions, except per share data)

 Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 2023202220232022
Net sales$747.4 $686.9 $2,217.8 $2,178.2 
Cost of goods and services sold459.1 418.9 1,366.8 1,304.1 
Gross profit288.3 268.0 851.0 874.1 
Research and development16.4 13.6 50.0 42.6 
Selling, general and administrative expenses89.0 66.3 263.4 231.2 
Other expense (income) (Note 15)5.6 1.9 22.5 (4.0)
Operating profit177.3 186.2 515.1 604.3 
Interest expense2.9 2.2 7.8 6.2 
Interest income(8.8)(1.5)(18.6)(2.2)
Other nonoperating (income) expense(3.8)49.3 (3.9)49.1 
Income before income taxes and equity in net income of affiliated companies187.0 136.2 529.8 551.2 
Income tax expense29.4 20.4 87.8 85.8 
Equity in net income of affiliated companies(3.7)(4.8)(14.4)(17.5)
Net income$161.3 $120.6 $456.4 $482.9 
Net income per share:   
Basic$2.17 $1.62 $6.13 $6.49 
Diluted$2.14 $1.59 $6.05 $6.36 
Weighted average shares outstanding:    
Basic74.3 74.4 74.4 74.4 
Diluted75.3 75.7 75.5 75.9 

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
3
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (UNAUDITED)
West Pharmaceutical Services, Inc. and Subsidiaries
(in millions)
 Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 2023202220232022
Net income$161.3 $120.6 $456.4 $482.9 
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax:   
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax of $0.4, $1.1, $1.9 and $3.8, respectively
(40.9)(76.0)(36.9)(162.5)
Defined benefit pension and other postretirement plan adjustments, net of tax of $0.0, $14.6, $(0.5), and $15.5, respectively
0.2 13.6 (1.2)16.4 
Net loss on equity affiliate accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax of $0.0, $0.0, $0.0 and $0.0, respectively
— (0.1)(0.1)(0.2)
Net gain (loss) on derivatives, net of tax of $0.8, $0.0, $(0.3) and $(0.8), respectively
1.2 (0.1)(1.8)(2.6)
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax(39.5)(62.6)(40.0)(148.9)
Comprehensive income$121.8 $58.0 $416.4 $334.0 

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
4
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (UNAUDITED)
West Pharmaceutical Services, Inc. and Subsidiaries
(in millions, except per share data)September 30,
2023		December 31,
2022
ASSETS  
Current assets:  
Cash and cash equivalents$898.6 $894.3 
Accounts receivable, net519.1 507.4 
Inventories431.8 414.8 
Other current assets122.8 103.0 
Total current assets1,972.3 1,919.5 
Property, plant and equipment2,607.1 2,386.6 
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization1,295.5 1,228.3 
Property, plant and equipment, net1,311.6 1,158.3 
Operating lease right-of-use assets96.8 104.4 
Investments in affiliated companies195.4 204.9 
Goodwill106.8 107.3 
Intangible assets, net15.7 18.4 
Deferred income taxes17.3 65.6 
Other noncurrent assets38.8 38.4 
Total Assets$3,754.7 $3,616.8 
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY  
Current liabilities:  
Notes payable and other current debt$55.2 $2.2 
Accounts payable219.8 215.4 
Accrued salaries, wages and benefits90.5 76.8 
Income taxes payable15.0 24.8 
Operating lease liabilities16.5 16.0 
Other current liabilities136.5 183.8 
Total current liabilities533.5 519.0 
Long-term debt152.1 206.7 
Deferred income taxes16.5 14.3 
Pension and other postretirement benefits28.4 28.2 
Operating lease liabilities83.0 93.0 
Deferred compensation benefits17.9 19.1 
Other long-term liabilities55.1 51.6 
Total Liabilities886.5 931.9 
Commitments and contingencies (Note 17)
Equity:
Preferred stock, 3.0 million shares authorized; 0 shares issued and outstanding
— — 
Common stock, par value $0.25 per share; 200.0 million shares authorized; shares issued: 75.3 million and 75.3 million, respectively; shares outstanding: 74.0 million and 74.1 million, respectively
18.8 18.8 
Capital in excess of par value122.6 232.2 
Retained earnings3,415.9 2,987.8 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss(223.0)(183.0)
Treasury stock, at cost (1.3 million and 1.2 million shares, respectively)
(466.1)(370.9)
Total Equity2,868.2 2,684.9 
Total Liabilities and Equity$3,754.7 $3,616.8 
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
5
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)
West Pharmaceutical Services, Inc. and Subsidiaries
(in millions)
 Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 20232022
Cash flows from operating activities:  
Net income$456.4 $482.9 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation99.1 86.8 
Amortization2.3 2.7 
Stock-based compensation21.9 17.0 
Loss on disposal of plant11.6 — 
Asset impairments6.9 1.6 
Pension settlement charge— 50.8 
Other non-cash items, net(13.5)(17.9)
Changes in assets and liabilities
(47.3)(130.7)
Net cash provided by operating activities537.4 493.2 
Cash flows from investing activities:  
Capital expenditures(253.3)(189.7)
Other, net(6.6)(3.7)
Net cash used in investing activities(259.9)(193.4)
Cash flows from financing activities:  
Repayments of long-term debt(1.7)(43.7)
Debt issuance costs— (1.3)
Dividend payments(42.2)(40.0)
Proceeds from stock-based compensation awards42.6 17.1 
Employee stock purchase plan contributions5.3 6.1 
Shares purchased under share repurchase programs(261.3)(202.9)
Shares repurchased for employee tax withholdings(12.8)(19.4)
Net cash used in financing activities(270.1)(284.1)
Effect of exchange rates on cash(3.1)(49.3)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents4.3 (33.6)
Cash, including cash equivalents at beginning of period894.3 762.6 
Cash, including cash equivalents at end of period$898.6 $729.0 

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
6
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

Note 1:  Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation: The condensed consolidated financial statements included in this report are unaudited and have been prepared in accordance with United States (“U.S.”) generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial reporting and U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) regulations. The year-end condensed consolidated balance sheet data was derived from audited financial statements, but does not include all disclosures required by U.S. GAAP. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted. In the opinion of management, these financial statements include all adjustments, which are of a normal recurring nature, necessary for a fair statement of the financial position, results of operations, cash flows and the change in equity for the periods presented. The condensed consolidated financial statements for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto of West Pharmaceutical Services, Inc. and its majority-owned subsidiaries (which may be referred to as “West”, the “Company”, “we”, “us” or “our”) appearing in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 (the “2022 Annual Report”). The results of operations for any interim period are not necessarily indicative of results for the full year.

Note 2:  New Accounting Standards

Recently Adopted Standards

In September 2022, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued guidance that seeks to enhance transparency around entities' use of supplier finance programs. The amendment requires the buyer in a supplier finance program to disclose information about the key terms of the program, outstanding confirmed amounts as of the end of the period, a rollforward of such amounts during each annual period, and a description of where in the financial statements outstanding amounts are presented. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. We adopted this guidance as of January 1, 2023, on a prospective basis. The adoption did not have a material impact on our financial statements, as supplier finance programs are not material to the Company as of September 30, 2023.

7
Note 3:  Revenue

Our revenue results from the sale of goods or services and reflects the consideration to which we expect to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. We record revenue based on a five-step model, in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606. Following the identification of a contract with a customer, we identify the performance obligations (goods or services) in the contract, determine the transaction price, allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and recognize the revenue when (or as) we satisfy the performance obligations by transferring the promised goods or services to our customers. A good or service is transferred when (or as) the customer obtains control of that good or service.

The following table presents the approximate percentage of our net sales by market group:
Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2023202220232022
Biologics
40 %
41 %
37 %
42 %
Generics
 19 %
18 %
20 %
18 %
Pharma
22 %
24 %
24 %
24 %
Contract-Manufactured Products
19 %
17 %
19 %
16 %
100 %
100 %
100 %
100 %

The following table presents the approximate percentage of our net sales by product category:
Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2023202220232022
High-Value Product Components
50 %
54 %
50 %
56 %
High-Value Product Delivery Devices
11 %
6 %
10 %
5 %
Standard Packaging
20 %
23 %
21 %
23 %
Contract-Manufactured Products
19 %
17 %
19 %
16 %
100 %
100 %
100 %
100 %

Due to the Company's reassessment of product categories, beginning in the second quarter of 2023, certain product types have been moved from High-Value Product Components to High-Value Product Delivery Devices. No adjustments were made to the product categorization prior to the second quarter of 2023.

The following table presents the approximate percentage of our net sales by geographic location:
Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2023202220232022
Americas
46 %
53 %
45 %
48 %
Europe, Middle East, Africa
46 %
38 %
46 %
43 %
Asia Pacific
8 %
9 %
9 %
9 %
100 %
100 %
100 %
100 %





8
Contract Assets and Liabilities

The following table summarizes our contract assets and liabilities, excluding amounts included in accounts receivable, net:
($ in millions)
Contract assets, December 31, 2022$16.3 
Contract assets, September 30, 2023
19.9 
Change in contract assets - increase (decrease)$3.6 
Deferred income, December 31, 2022$(68.2)
Deferred income, September 30, 2023
(50.0)
Change in deferred income - decrease (increase)$18.2 

Contract assets are included within other current assets and deferred income is included within other current liabilities and other long-term liabilities. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, $33.2 million of revenue was recognized that was included in deferred income at the beginning of the year.

The majority of the performance obligations within our contracts are satisfied within one year or less. Performance obligations satisfied beyond one year include those relating to a nonrefundable customer payment of $20.0 million received in June 2013 in return for the exclusive use of the SmartDose® technology platform within a specific therapeutic area. As of September 30, 2023, there was $2.4 million of deferred income related to this payment, of which $0.9 million was included in other current liabilities and $1.5 million was included in other long-term liabilities. The deferred income is being recognized as income on a straight-line basis over the remaining term of the agreement. The agreement does not include a future minimum purchase commitment from the customer.

Note 4:  Net Income Per Share

The following table reconciles the shares used in the calculation of basic net income per share to those used for diluted net income per share:
Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,
(in millions)2023202220232022
Net income$161.3 $120.6 $456.4 $482.9 
Weighted average common shares outstanding74.3 74.4 74.4 74.4 
Dilutive effect of equity awards, based on the treasury stock method
1.0 1.3 1.1 1.5 
Weighted average shares assuming dilution75.3 75.7 75.5 75.9 

During the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, there were 0.0 million and 0.2 million shares, respectively, from stock-based compensation plans not included in the computation of diluted net income per share because their impact was antidilutive. There were 0.1 million and 0.1 million antidilutive shares outstanding during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.






9
In February 2023, the Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program under which we may repurchase up to $1.0 billion in shares of common stock. The share repurchase program does not have an expiration date under which we may repurchase common stock on the open market or in privately-negotiated transactions. The number of shares to be repurchased and the timing of such transactions will depend on a variety of factors, including market conditions. During the three months ended September 30, 2023, we purchased 77,329 shares of our common stock under the program at a cost of $27.8 million, or an average price of $360.25 per share. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we purchased 753,399 shares of our common stock under the program at a cost of $261.3 million, or an average price of $346.86 per share.

In December 2021, we announced a share repurchase program for calendar-year 2022 authorizing the repurchase of up to 650,000 shares of our common stock from time to time on the open market or in privately-negotiated transactions. The number of shares to be repurchased and the timing of such transactions was dependent on a variety of factors, including market conditions. This share repurchase program was completed by December 31, 2022. During the three months ended September 30, 2022, we purchased 86,667 shares of our common stock under the calendar-year 2022 program at a cost of $27.2 million, or an average price of $313.22 per share. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, we purchased 563,334 shares of our common stock under the calendar-year 2022 program at a cost of $202.9 million, or an average price of $360.03 per share.

Note 5:  Inventories

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost (on a first-in, first-out basis) or net realizable value. Inventory balances were as follows:
($ in millions)September 30,
2023		December 31,
2022
Raw materials$180.2 $170.7 
Work in process93.8 79.0 
Finished goods157.8 165.1 
 $431.8 $414.8 

Note 6:  Leases

A lease exists when a contract conveys to the customer the right to control the use of identified property, plant, or equipment for a period of time in exchange for consideration. The definition of a lease embodies two conditions: 1) there is an identified asset in the contract that is land or a depreciable asset (i.e., property, plant, and equipment); and 2) the customer has the right to control the use of the identified asset. Lease payments included in the measurement of the operating lease right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are comprised of fixed payments (including in-substance fixed payments), variable payments that depend on an index or rate, and the exercise price of a lessee option to purchase the underlying asset if the lessee is reasonably certain to exercise.

The components of lease expense were as follows:
Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,
($ in millions)2023202220232022
Operating lease cost$4.3 $3.7 $15.0 $10.4 
Short-term lease cost1.9 0.3 4.4 1.1 
Variable lease cost1.4 2.3 4.4 4.7 
Total lease cost$7.6 $6.3 $23.8 $16.2 

10
Supplemental cash flow information related to leases were as follows:
Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,
($ in millions)2023202220232022
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases$4.5 $3.7 $14.4 $10.0 
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities$3.1 $14.0 $6.6 $29.5 

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the weighted average remaining lease term for operating leases was 10.1 years and 9.3 years, respectively.

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the weighted average discount rate was 3.46% and 3.25%, respectively.

Maturities of operating lease liabilities were as follows:
($ in millions)September 30,December 31,
Year20232022
2023 (remaining period as of)$4.8 $19.0 
202419.1 18.1 
202517.1 16.0 
202614.1 13.4 
20279.8 9.4 
Thereafter50.6 50.8 
115.5 126.7 
Less: imputed lease interest(16.0)(17.7)
Total lease liabilities$99.5 $109.0 

Note 7:  Affiliated Companies

At September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the aggregate carrying amount of our investment in affiliated companies that are accounted for under the equity method was $189.7 million and $197.0 million, respectively, and the aggregate carrying amount of our investment in affiliated companies that are not accounted for under the equity method was $5.7 million and $7.9 million, respectively. We record these investments, for which fair value was not readily determinable, at cost, less impairment, adjusted for subsequent observable price changes. We test these investments for impairment whenever circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the investments may not be recoverable.

Our purchases from, and royalty payments made to, affiliates totaled $34.4 million and $118.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, as compared to $33.6 million and $131.2 million, respectively, for the same periods in 2022. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the payable balance due to affiliates was $20.6 million and $31.2 million, respectively. The majority of these transactions related to a distributorship agreement with Daikyo Seiko, Ltd. ("Daikyo") that allows us to purchase and re-sell Daikyo products.



11
Sales to affiliates were $2.5 million and $8.5 million, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, as compared to $2.6 million and $10.2 million, respectively, for the same periods in 2022. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the receivable balance due from affiliates was $1.3 million and $2.2 million, respectively.

Note 8:  Debt

The following table summarizes our long-term debt obligations, net of unamortized debt issuance costs and current maturities. The interest rates shown in parentheses are as of September 30, 2023.
($ in millions)September 30,
2023		December 31,
2022
Term Loan, due December 31, 2024 (6.37%)
$81.5 $83.2 
Series B notes, due July 5, 2024 (3.82%)
53.0 53.0 
Series C notes, due July 5, 2027 (4.02%)
73.0 73.0 
207.5 209.2 
Less: unamortized debt issuance costs0.2 0.3 
Total debt207.3 208.9 
Less: current portion of long-term debt55.2 2.2 
Long-term debt, net$152.1 $206.7 

Credit Facility

At September 30, 2023, the borrowing capacity available under our $500.0 million multi-currency revolving credit facility (the “Credit Facility”), including outstanding letters of credit of $2.4 million, was $497.6 million.

Term Loan

At September 30, 2023, we had $81.5 million in borrowings under the Term Loan, of which $2.2 million was classified as current and $79.3 million was classified as long-term. Please refer to Note 9, Derivative Financial Instruments, for a discussion of the foreign currency hedge associated with the Term Loan.

Pursuant to the financial covenants in our debt agreements, we are required to maintain established interest coverage ratios and to not exceed established leverage ratios. In addition, the agreements contain other customary covenants, none of which we consider restrictive to our operations. At September 30, 2023, we were in compliance with all of our debt covenants.

Note 9:  Derivative Financial Instruments

Our ongoing business operations expose us to various risks, such as fluctuating interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates and increasing commodity prices. To manage these market risks, we periodically enter into derivative financial instruments, such as interest rate swaps, options and foreign exchange contracts for periods consistent with, and for notional amounts equal to or less than, the related underlying exposures. We do not purchase or hold any derivative financial instruments for investment or trading purposes. All derivatives are recorded in our condensed consolidated balance sheet at fair value.

12



Foreign Exchange Rate Risk

We have entered into forward exchange contracts, designated as fair value hedges, to manage our exposure to fluctuating foreign exchange rates on cross-currency intercompany loans. As of both September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the notional amount of these forward exchange contracts was Singapore Dollar (“SGD”) 601.5 million and $13.4 million. We have also entered into forward exchange contracts, designated as fair value hedges, to manage our exposure to fluctuating foreign exchange rates on cross-currency intercompany demand notes which were executed in June 2023. As of September 30, 2023, the total amount of these forward exchange contracts was Euro ("EUR") 278.6 million and SGD 94.0 million.

In addition, we have entered into several foreign currency contracts, designated as cash flow hedges, for periods of up to eighteen months, intended to hedge the currency risk associated with a portion of our forecasted transactions denominated in foreign currencies. As of September 30, 2023, we had outstanding foreign currency contracts to purchase and sell certain pairs of currencies, as follows:

(in millions)Sell
CurrencyPurchaseUSDEuro
EUR20.3 22.3 — 
Yen5,159.3 29.8 9.0 
SGD44.7 15.2 16.8 

In December 2019, we entered into a cross-currency swap for $90 million, which we designated as a hedge of our net investment in Daikyo. As of September 30, 2023, the notional amount of the cross-currency swap is ¥8.9 billion ($81.5 million) and the swap termination date is December 31, 2024. Under the cross-currency swap, we receive floating interest rate payments based on USD compounded SOFR plus a margin, in return for paying floating interest rate payments based on Japanese Yen (“Yen”) Tokyo Overnight Average Rate ("TONAR") plus a margin. In addition, we receive periodic fixed principal payments of USD in return for paying fixed principal payments of Yen.

Commodity Price Risk

Many of our proprietary products are made from synthetic elastomers, which are derived from the petroleum refining process. We purchase the majority of our elastomers via long-term supply contracts, some of which contain clauses that provide for surcharges related to fluctuations in crude oil prices. The following economic hedges did not qualify for hedge accounting treatment since they did not meet the highly effective requirement at inception.

From November 2017 through September 2023, we purchased several series of call options for a total of 975,206 barrels of crude oil to mitigate our exposure to such oil-based surcharges and protect operating cash flows with regard to a portion of our forecasted elastomer purchases.

As of September 30, 2023, we had outstanding contracts to purchase 229,397 barrels of crude oil from September 2023 to March 2025, at a weighted-average strike price of $94.93 per barrel.

Effects of Derivative Instruments on Financial Position and Results of Operations

Please refer to Note 10, Fair Value Measurements, for the balance sheet location and fair values of our derivative instruments as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

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The following table summarizes the effects of derivative instruments designated as fair value hedges on the condensed consolidated statements of income:
Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income for theAmount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income for the
Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,		Location on Statement of Income
($ in millions)2023202220232022
Fair Value Hedges:
Hedged item (intercompany loan)
$(1.2)$(14.1)$8.7 $(35.4)Other expense (income)
Derivative designated as hedging instrument
0.7 14.1 (10.0)35.4 Other expense (income)
Amount excluded from effectiveness testing
(1.5)2.2 (0.4)4.4 Other expense (income)
Total$(2.0)$2.2 $(1.7)$4.4 

We recognize in earnings the initial value of forward point components on a straight-line basis over the life of the fair value hedge. The amounts recognized in earnings, pre-tax, for forward point components for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 were $0.2 million and $1.6 million, respectively. The amounts recognized in earnings, pre-tax, for forward point components for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 were $1.1 million and $2.8 million, respectively.

The following tables summarize the effects of derivative instruments designated as fair value, cash flow, and net investment hedges on other comprehensive income (“OCI”) and earnings, net of tax:
 Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in OCI for theAmount of (Gain) Loss Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Income for theLocation of (Gain) Loss Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Income
Three Months Ended
September 30,		Three Months Ended
September 30,
($ in millions)2023202220232022 
Fair Value Hedges:
Foreign currency hedge contracts$(0.3)$(0.4)$2.3 $0.5 Other expense (income)
Total$(0.3)$(0.4)$2.3 $0.5 
Cash Flow Hedges:     
Foreign currency hedge contracts$0.5 $0.7 $0.1 $(0.5)Net sales
Foreign currency hedge contracts(2.5)(1.5)1.1 1.0 Cost of goods and services sold
Forward treasury locks— — — 0.1 Interest expense
Total$(2.0)$(0.8)$1.2 $0.6  
Net Investment Hedges:     
Cross-currency swap$2.9 $4.3 $— $— Other expense (income)
Total$2.9 $4.3 $— $—  
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 Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in OCI for theAmount of (Gain) Loss Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Income for theLocation of (Gain) Loss Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Income
Nine Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,
($ in millions)2023202220232022 
Fair Value Hedges:
Foreign currency hedge contracts$(2.3)$0.3 $4.2 $(0.7)Other expense (income)
Total$(2.3)$0.3 $4.2 $(0.7)
Cash Flow Hedges:     
Foreign currency hedge contracts$(0.4)$1.1 $1.2 $(1.1)Net sales
Foreign currency hedge contracts(6.1)(4.9)1.5 2.5 Cost of goods and services sold
Forward treasury locks— — 0.1 0.2 Interest expense
Total$(6.5)$(3.8)$2.8 $1.6  
Net Investment Hedges:     
Cross-currency swap$10.1 $13.2 $— $— Other expense (income)
Total$10.1 $13.2 $— $—  

Refer to the above table which summarizes the effects of derivative instruments designated as fair value hedges within the other expense (income) line in our condensed consolidated statements of income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022. The following table summarizes the effects of derivative instruments designated as cash flow and net investment hedges by line item in our condensed consolidated statements of income:
Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,
($ in millions)2023202220232022
Net sales$0.1 $(0.5)$1.2 $(1.1)
Cost of goods and services sold1.1 1.0 1.5 2.5 
Interest expense— 0.1 0.1 0.2 

The following table summarizes the effects of derivative instruments not designated as hedges on the condensed consolidated statements of income:
Amount of (Loss) Gain Recognized in Income for theAmount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income for the
Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,		Location on Statement of Income
($ in millions)2023202220232022
Commodity call options$0.5 $(1.5)$(0.5)$1.6 Other expense (income)
Currency Forwards— — (0.2)— Other expense (income)
Total$0.5 $(1.5)$(0.7)$1.6 

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, there was no material ineffectiveness related to our hedges.
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Note 10:  Fair Value Measurements

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. The following fair value hierarchy classifies the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into one of three levels:

•Level 1: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
•Level 2: Inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. These include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets and quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active.
•Level 3: Unobservable inputs that reflect the reporting entity’s own assumptions.

The following tables present the assets and liabilities recorded at fair value on a recurring basis:
 Balance atBasis of Fair Value Measurements
($ in millions)September 30,
2023		Level 1Level 2Level 3
Assets:    
Deferred compensation assets$9.1 $9.1 $— $— 
Foreign currency contracts2.4 — 2.4 — 
Cross-currency swap22.1 — 22.1 — 
Commodity call options1.4 — 1.4 — 
 $35.0 $9.1 $25.9 $— 
Liabilities:    
Contingent consideration$4.0 $— $— $4.0 
Deferred compensation liabilities9.3 9.3 — — 
Foreign currency contracts12.1 — 12.1 — 
 $25.4 $9.3 $12.1 $4.0 
 Balance atBasis of Fair Value Measurements
($ in millions)December 31,
2022		Level 1Level 2Level 3
Assets:    
Deferred compensation assets$12.5 $12.5 $— $— 
Foreign currency contracts4.5 — 4.5 — 
Cross-currency swap13.9 — 13.9 — 
Commodity call options1.2 1.2 
 $32.1 $12.5 $19.6 $— 
Liabilities:    
Contingent consideration$4.7 $— $— $4.7 
Deferred compensation liabilities12.7 12.7 — — 
Foreign currency contracts1.4 — 1.4 — 
 $18.8 $12.7 $1.4 $4.7 


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Deferred compensation assets are included within other noncurrent assets and are valued using a market approach based on quoted market prices in an active market. The fair value of our foreign currency contracts, included within other current and other noncurrent assets, as well as other current and other long-term liabilities, is valued using an income approach based on quoted forward foreign exchange rates and spot rates at the reporting date. The fair value of the cross-currency swap, included within other noncurrent assets, is valued using a market approach. Please refer to Note 9, Derivative Financial Instruments, for further discussion of our derivatives. The fair value of our commodity call options, included within other current and other noncurrent assets, is valued using a market approach. The fair value of the contingent consideration liability, within current and long-term liabilities, related to the SmartDose® technology platform (the “SmartDose® contingent consideration”) was initially determined using a probability-weighted income approach, and is revalued at each reporting date or more frequently if circumstances dictate. Changes in the fair value of this obligation are recorded as income or expense within other expense (income) in our condensed consolidated statements of income. The fair value of deferred compensation liabilities is based on quoted prices of the underlying employees’ investment selections and is included within other long-term liabilities.

Other Financial Instruments

We believe that the carrying amounts of our cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable approximate their fair values due to their near-term maturities.

The estimated fair value of long-term debt is based on quoted market prices for debt issuances with similar terms and maturities and is classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy. At September 30, 2023, the estimated fair value of long-term debt was $147.2 million compared to a carrying amount of $152.1 million. At December 31, 2022, the estimated fair value of long-term debt was $201.8 million and the carrying amount was $206.7 million.

Note 11:  Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

The following table presents the changes in the components of accumulated other comprehensive income ("AOCI") (loss), net of tax, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023:
($ in millions)(Losses) gains on
derivatives		Change in equity affiliate investment AOCIDefined benefit
pension and other
postretirement plans		Foreign
currency
translation		Total
Balance, December 31, 2022$0.2 $1.6 $(9.4)$(175.4)$(183.0)
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications(8.8)(0.1)(0.1)(36.9)(45.9)
Amounts reclassified out from accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income 7.0 — (1.1)— 5.9 
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax(1.8)(0.1)(1.2)(36.9)(40.0)
Balance, September 30, 2023$(1.6)$1.5 $(10.6)$(212.3)$(223.0)












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The following table presents the changes in the components of accumulated other comprehensive income ("AOCI") (loss), net of tax, for the nine months ended September 30, 2022:
($ in millions)(Losses) gains on
derivatives		Change in equity affiliate investment AOCIDefined benefit
pension and other
postretirement plans		Foreign
currency
translation		Total
Balance, December 31, 2021$(1.2)$1.5 $(31.8)$(128.1)$(159.6)
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications(3.5)(0.2)2.9 (162.5)(163.3)
Amounts reclassified out from accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income0.9 — 13.5 — 14.4 
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax(2.6)(0.2)16.4 (162.5)(148.9)
Balance, September 30, 2022$(3.8)$1.3 $(15.4)$(290.6)$(308.5)

A summary of the reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive loss is presented in the following table:
($ in millions)Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,		Location on Statement of Income
Detail of components2023202220232022
Gains (losses) on derivatives:
Foreign currency contracts$(0.2)$0.5 $(1.5)$1.2 Net sales
Foreign currency contracts(1.4)(1.2)(2.0)(2.9)Cost of goods and services sold
Foreign currency contracts(3.4)(0.7)(6.2)1.1 Other expense (income)
Forward treasury locks(0.1)(0.1)(0.2)(0.3)Interest expense
Total before tax(5.1)(1.5)(9.9)(0.9)
Tax benefit (expense)1.6 0.4 2.9 — 
Net of tax$(3.5)$(1.1)$(7.0)$(0.9)
Amortization of defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans:
Actuarial gains$0.3 $1.1 $1.1 $1.1 (a)
Settlements— (27.6)— (28.8)(a)
Other— — 0.4 (0.4)
Total before tax0.3 (26.5)1.5 (28.1)
Tax (expense) benefit(0.1)14.2 (0.4)14.6 
Net of tax$0.2 $(12.3)$1.1 $(13.5)
Total reclassifications for the period, net of tax$(3.3)$(13.4)$(5.9)$(14.4)

(a) These components are included in the computation of net periodic benefit cost. Please refer to Note 14, Benefit Plans, for additional details.
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Note 12: Shareholders’ Equity

The following table presents the changes in shareholders’ equity for the nine months ended September 30, 2023:
Common Shares IssuedCommon StockCapital in Excess of Par ValueNumber of Treasury SharesTreasury StockRetained earningsAccumulated other comprehensive lossTotal
(in millions)
Balance, December 31, 202275.3 $18.8 $232.2 1.2 $(370.9)$2,987.8 $(183.0)$2,684.9 
Net income— — — — — 140.0 — 140.0 
Activity related to stock-based compensation— — (50.8)(0.3)61.8 — — 11.0 
Shares purchased under share repurchase program— — — 0.2 (60.1)— — (60.1)
Dividends declared ($0.19 per share)
— — — — — (14.2)— (14.2)
Other comprehensive income, net of tax— — — — — — 14.6 14.6 
Balance, March 31, 202375.3 $18.8 $181.4 1.1 $(369.2)$3,113.6 $(168.4)$2,776.2 
Net income— — — — — 155.1 — 155.1 
Activity related to stock-based compensation— — (23.2)(0.2)41.2 — — 18.0 
Shares purchased under share repurchase program— — — 0.5 (173.4)— — (173.4)
Dividends declared ($0.19 per share)
— — — — — (14.1)— (14.1)
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax— — — — — — (15.1)(15.1)
Balance, June 30, 202375.3 $18.8 $158.2 1.4 $(501.4)$3,254.6 $(183.5)$2,746.7 
Net income— — — — — 161.3 — 161.3 
Activity related to stock-based compensation— — (35.6)(0.2)63.1 — — 27.5 
Shares purchased under share repurchase program— — — 0.1 (27.8)— — (27.8)
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax— — — — — — (39.5)(39.5)
Balance, September 30, 202375.3 $18.8 $122.6 1.3 $(466.1)$3,415.9 $(223.0)$2,868.2 

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The following table presents the changes in shareholders’ equity for the nine months ended September 30, 2022:
Common Shares IssuedCommon StockCapital in Excess of Par ValueNumber of Treasury SharesTreasury StockRetained earningsAccumulated other comprehensive lossTotal
(in millions)
Balance, December 31, 202175.3 $18.8 $249.0 1.1 $(229.5)$2,456.7